WO2010113351A1 - Process for production of polylactic acid, apparatus for production of polylactic acid, process for production of biodegradable plastic, and apparatus for production of biodegradable plastic - Google Patents

Process for production of polylactic acid, apparatus for production of polylactic acid, process for production of biodegradable plastic, and apparatus for production of biodegradable plastic Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010113351A1
WO2010113351A1 PCT/JP2009/069448 JP2009069448W WO2010113351A1 WO 2010113351 A1 WO2010113351 A1 WO 2010113351A1 JP 2009069448 W JP2009069448 W JP 2009069448W WO 2010113351 A1 WO2010113351 A1 WO 2010113351A1
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polylactic acid
plant
fermentation
fermented product
fermented
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PCT/JP2009/069448
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
富士子 大本
勉 勝久
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株式会社ロイヤル・バイオ・プラ
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/56—Lactic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polylactic acid production method, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a biodegradable plastic production method, and a biodegradable plastic production apparatus.
  • the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and is capable of obtaining a polylactic acid of uniform quality and shortening the production period, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a polylactic acid production apparatus, An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a degradable plastic and an apparatus for producing a biodegradable plastic.
  • the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention includes a first fermentation step in which five or more kinds of plant-based raw materials are sealed and lactic acid fermentation is performed, and the fermentation product in the first fermentation step is liquid.
  • a first separation step that separates into a solid portion and a solid portion
  • a second fermentation step in which the liquid portion of the fermented product separated in the first separation step is sealed and re-fermented, and re-incubation in the second fermentation step
  • a polymerization step of heating and polymerizing the lactic acid extracted in the step to obtain polylactic acid.
  • the polylactic acid production apparatus separates a fermented product fermented in the primary fermentation tank into a liquid part and a solid part from a primary fermentation tank in which five or more kinds of plant-based raw materials are sealed and lactic acid fermented.
  • a first separation means a secondary fermentation tank for sealing and re-fermenting the liquid part of the fermentation product separated by the first separation means, and a liquid part for the re-fermented product re-fermented in the secondary fermentation tank
  • a second separation means that separates into a solid part, a dehumidification means that evaporates water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated by the second separation means, and a humectant extracted by the dehumidification means
  • a polymerization means for polymerizing the lactic acid by heating to obtain polylactic acid.
  • the polylactic acid production apparatus can easily carry out the polylactic acid production method according to the present invention.
  • the method for producing polylactic acid and the apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention re-ferment the liquid portion of the fermented product lactic acid fermented in the first fermentation step or the first fermentation tank using the second fermentation step or the second fermentation tank. By making it, the pH after re-fermentation can be stabilized. By using the liquid part of the re-fermented product with a stable pH, polylactic acid of uniform quality can be obtained.
  • the fermentation period of the plant-based raw material is reduced in two stages of the first fermentation process or the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation process or the second fermentation tank, so that the fermentation period is shorter than the case where the fermentation is performed in one stage.
  • the production period of polylactic acid can be shortened.
  • the plant raw material preferably contains at least one kind of gramineous plant. In this case, polylactic acid with higher transparency can be produced.
  • the plant-based raw material is preferably composed of a raw material plant pretreated.
  • the plant-based raw material is, for example, a material obtained by pulverizing a raw material plant or a material obtained by adding water to a raw material plant and heating and stirring it to make it muddy, or a material obtained by finely cutting a raw material plant. If necessary, about 2 to 10% by weight of sugar may be added.
  • a 1st fermentation process or a 1st fermentation tank may add lactic acid and another raw material to a plant-type raw material, and may carry out lactic acid fermentation.
  • the method for producing polylactic acid and the apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention for example, produce gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the first fermentation step or the first fermentation tank and in the second fermentation step or the second fermentation tank, respectively. You may have the process or tank recycled as a raw material of carbon water. Also, there is a process for producing fertilizer or a fertilizer means from the solid part of the fermented product in the first separation step or the first fermentation tank and the solid part of the re-fermented product in the second separation step or the second fermentation tank. You may do it.
  • the first fermentation step in the first fermentation step, five or more kinds of plant materials including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants are sealed for 5 to 25 days.
  • the second fermentation step is re-fermented in a sealed state at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C., so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2.6.
  • water is atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration to the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separating step, and the lactic acid is 190 to 230 ° C. in the polymerization step.
  • the dehumidifying step is preferably performed at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours.
  • the plant-based raw material is preferably five or more kinds including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants, and further, kelp, wakame, hondawara
  • at least one of egg shells, cycad nuts, shells of shells or konjac pods is included.
  • the plant-based raw material contains herbs, trees, bamboos or aquatic plants, polylactic acid derived from them can be obtained.
  • the plant-based material contains brown algal seaweeds such as kelp, wakame or hondawala, polylactic acid containing fucoidan or alginic acid can be obtained.
  • polylactic acid containing calcium can be obtained.
  • the plant-based raw material contains konjac koji, sticky konjac-derived polylactic acid can be obtained.
  • Herbs include, for example, Japanese dandelion, Shishibari, Ojishibari, Kozorina, Onitabiraco, Yabutabiraco, Onitabirako, Nogesi, Onigesi, Kokana, Halcyon, Himejikon, Novogosa, Habakogusa, Tetekogusa, Tezogusa, Hitsune Azalea Fujibakama, Butana, Oninogeshi, Iwanigana, Nokogiri-sou, Ishikawa, Itadori, Gishigishi, Mizusoba, Mizuhiki, Inutade, Amakonosirinugui, Shuuma, Ingarashi, Agaricus, Murasaki
  • Trees include, but are not limited to, Kiri, Azalea, Viburnum, Dogwood, Rhododendron, Mitsumata, Ginkgo biloba, Sendang, Salamander, Fuji, Harienju, Enishida, Momo, Kodemari, Yukiyanagi, Hanai Kada, Grape, Maple, Sakura, Ume, Peach, etc.
  • Yamabuki Weeping Strawberry, Weeping Blossom, Momijibafu, Kusunoki, Crape Myrtle, Shinobi, Aogiri, Kakuremino, Yukari
  • Examples include cassia, birch, hornbill, kunugi, konara, shii, sasanqua, nishikigi, ginkgo, walnut, beech, hazel, birch, wig and cycad.
  • bamboos examples include Kumazasa, Nemagaritake, Mayakozasa, Yadake, Azuma Nesasa, Suzutake, Madeake, Mosochiku, Hachiku, Kurochiku, Okamezasa, Sasa, Okagesasa and Medaka.
  • aquatic plants include Cagabuta, Hishi, Hishijigusa, Water Lily, Junsai, Hirumushi, Tochikagami, Kauhone, Water Hyacinth, Spider, Ogaka, Hozakinofusa, Matsu, Hagoromomo, Baikamo, Ebimo, Okanamo, Kuramo Mizuo.
  • the method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention includes at least five kinds of plant-based raw materials containing at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants so that the pH of the fermented product is lowered to 4 or less.
  • a first fermentation step in which lactic acid fermentation is performed for 5 to 10 days at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C., and a fermentation product in the first fermentation step is separated into a liquid part and a solid part
  • Re-fermentation is performed by sealing the liquid part of the fermented product at a temperature of 25-60 ° C., preferably 35-45 ° C. so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product treated with various bacteria is 2.2-2.6.
  • the second fermentation step, and the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step to the liquid part and solid A second separation step that separates the water into a part, a dehumidification step that evaporates water from the liquid part of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step, and extracts the lactic acid, and the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidification step And a polymerization step of polymerizing by heating at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain polylactic acid.
  • the method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention is obtained by adding a heating step to the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention, whereby a plant-derived polylactic acid having a stable pH and uniform quality can be obtained. it can. Moreover, plant-derived polylactic acid can be efficiently obtained in a short period of about 2 weeks. It is hygienic because the bacteria are treated in the heating process. In the dehumidification step, water may be atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration on the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step. In the heating step, various bacteria are treated by heating at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to 1 hour, but lactic acid bacteria are not killed by this treatment.
  • the polylactic acid production apparatus includes a heating unit that heats the liquid portion of the fermented product separated by the first separating unit to treat various bacteria, and the plant-based raw material has five or more types. And including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos, and aquatic plants, wherein the secondary fermentation tank is adapted to re-ferment with the liquid part of the fermented product treated by the heating means sealed. It may be configured.
  • the method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention can be easily performed by the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the method for producing polylactic acid for a binder according to the present invention includes a plant-based raw material containing at least one of kelp, wakame, hondawala, egg shell, cycad nut, shell shell, or konjac rice, and the plant according to the present invention.
  • a first fermentation step in which the plant-derived polylactic acid produced by the method for producing a derived polylactic acid is added, sealed for 10 to 25 days, and subjected to lactic acid fermentation, and the fermented product in the first fermentation step is divided into a liquid part and a solid The liquid part of the fermented product is 25 to 60 so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product separated in the first separating step is 2.2 to 2.6.
  • the method for producing a polylactic acid for a binder according to the present invention utilizes the method for producing a polylactic acid according to the present invention, and a polylactic acid for a binder having a uniform pH and a stable pH can be obtained.
  • the plant-based raw material contains brown alga seaweeds such as kelp, wakame or hondawala
  • polylactic acid for a binder containing fucoidan or alginic acid can be obtained.
  • the plant-based material includes egg shell, cycad nut or shell shell
  • polylactic acid for binder containing calcium can be obtained.
  • the plant-based material contains konjac koji, sticky konjac-derived polylactic acid can be obtained.
  • highly transparent polylactic acid can be manufactured by using 5 or more types of plant-type raw materials.
  • the plant raw material preferably contains at least one kind of gramineous plant.
  • polylactic acid with higher transparency can be produced.
  • water may be atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration on the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step.
  • the biodegradable plastic production method according to the present invention was obtained by the plant-derived polylactic acid obtained by the plant-derived polylactic acid production method according to the present invention and the polylactic acid for binder according to the present invention.
  • the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus includes a polylactic acid manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, and a stirring means for mixing and stirring a plurality of types of polylactic acid obtained by the polylactic acid manufacturing apparatus, After mixing and stirring by the stirring means, water is removed, and a raw material manufacturing means for polylacticating the mixture, and the mixture polylacticated by the raw material manufacturing means is cooled and solidified to obtain a biodegradable plastic. Solidifying means to be obtained.
  • the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus can easily carry out the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method according to the present invention.
  • polylactic acid obtained from plant-based raw materials such as rice is used, so that biodegradable plastic can be produced. .
  • the resulting biodegradable plastic can be made harder.
  • polylactic acid for a binder containing alginic acid in the stirring step By mixing polylactic acid for a binder containing alginic acid in the stirring step, the tackiness is increased and it can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary shape such as a pellet.
  • flexibility can be added to the obtained biodegradable plastic, and the biodegradable plastic can be made difficult to break.
  • a biodegradable plastic having a high viscosity can be obtained by mixing polylactic acid for a binder derived from konjac koji in the stirring step.
  • the plant-derived polylactic acid and the polylactic acid for the binder are mixed and stirred while being heated at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to 1 hour.
  • water is removed at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. to polylacticate the mixture. In this case, a biodegradable plastic having better performance can be obtained.
  • the stirring step is preferably performed by mixing and stirring the polylactic acid for the binder at a ratio of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to the polylactic acid derived from the plant.
  • a biodegradable plastic having a particularly high viscosity can be obtained.
  • a polylactic acid production method a polylactic acid production apparatus, a biodegradable plastic production method, and a biodegradable plastic capable of obtaining polylactic acid of uniform quality and shortening the production period
  • the manufacturing apparatus can be provided.
  • the polylactic acid production apparatus includes a pretreatment means 11, a primary fermentation tank 12, a first separation means 13, a heating means 14, a secondary fermentation tank 15, and a second. It has separation means 16, dehumidification means 17, polymerization means 18, gas processing tank 19, and fertilizer making means 20.
  • the pretreatment means 11 is configured to pretreat the raw plant 1 to form a plant raw material. Specifically, when the raw material plant 1 includes herbaceous plants such as gramineous plants, trees, bamboos, and aquatic plants, the pretreatment means 11 applies a pulverized raw material plant 1 or a raw material plant 1. Water is added and stirred with heating to form a mushy state to form a plant-based material. The pretreatment means 11 also cuts the raw material plant 1 finely to obtain plant-based raw material when the raw material plant 1 includes kelp, wakame, hondawala, egg shell, cycad nut, shellfish shell, or konjac rice. It comes to form. The pretreatment means 11 sends the processed plant raw material to the primary fermentation tank 12.
  • the primary fermentation tank 12 is composed of a sealed tank with a stirring device.
  • the primary fermentation tank 12 is configured to contain and seal the plant-based raw materials and lactic acid and other additives processed by the pretreatment means 11 and to perform lactic acid fermentation while stirring.
  • the primary fermentation tank 12 sends the fermented fermented product to the first separation means 13 and sends gas components such as carbon dioxide generated during fermentation to the gas processing tank 19.
  • the first separation means 13 is composed of a filtration device.
  • the first separation means 13 is configured to filter the fermented material fermented in the primary fermentation tank 12 and separate it into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the first separation means 13 sends the separated liquid portion of the fermented product to the heating means 14 or the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sends the solid portion of the fermented product to the fertilizer 20.
  • the heating means 14 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to be able to heat the liquid portion of the fermented product separated by the first separation means 13. Thereby, the heating means 14 carries out various microbe processing of the liquid part of fermented material. The heating means 14 sends the liquid portion of the fermented product after heating to the secondary fermentation tank 15.
  • the secondary fermentation tank 15 is composed of a sealed tank with a stirring device.
  • the secondary fermentation tank 15 is configured to contain and seal the liquid part of the fermented product after heating by the heating unit 14 or the liquid part of the fermented product separated by the first separating unit 13 and re-fermented while stirring. ing.
  • the secondary fermentation tank 15 sends the re-fermented re-fermented product to the second separation means 16 and sends gas components such as carbon dioxide generated during the re-fermentation to the gas processing tank 19.
  • the second separation means 16 is composed of a filtration device.
  • the second separation means 16 is configured to filter the re-fermented product re-fermented in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and separate it into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the second separation means 16 is configured to send the liquid portion of the separated re-fermented product to the dehumidifying means 17 and send the solid portion of the re-fermented product to the fertilizer means 20.
  • the dehumidifying means 17 has a tank 17a with an ultrasonic transducer.
  • the dehumidifying means 17 atomizes water by the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator with respect to the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated by the second separating means 16, and evaporates the water by the dehumidifying function. It is configured as follows. Thereby, the dehumidification means 17 can extract lactic acid from the liquid part of a re-fermented material. The dehumidifying means 17 sends the extracted lactic acid to the polymerization means 18.
  • the polymerization means 18 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to be able to heat the lactic acid extracted by the dehumidifying means 17. Thereby, the superposition
  • FIG. The polymerization means 18 can discharge the obtained polylactic acid 2.
  • the gas processing tank 19 is configured to collect and store gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the primary fermentation tank 12 and the secondary fermentation tank 15.
  • gas processing tank 19 detoxifies the collected gas and discharges it, or recycles the collected carbon dioxide as a raw material for carbon water.
  • the fertilizer converting means 20 is configured to be able to manufacture fertilizer from the solid part of the fermented product separated by the first separating means 13 and the solid part of the re-fermented product separated by the second separating means 16.
  • the plasticizing apparatus has a stirring means 21, a raw material manufacturing means 22, and a solidifying means 23.
  • the stirring means 21 is composed of a tank with an ultrasonic stirring function.
  • the stirring means 21 is configured to store a plurality of types of polylactic acid 2 discharged from the polymerization means 18 and to mix and stir them while heating them with an ultrasonic stirring function.
  • the stirring means 21 sends the mixture after mixing and stirring to the raw material manufacturing means 22.
  • the raw material manufacturing means 22 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to heat the mixture mixed and stirred by the stirring means 21 to remove water and to polylacticate the mixture.
  • the raw material production means 22 sends the polylactic acid mixture to the solidification means 23.
  • the solidifying means 23 has a container made of silicon or clay, and is configured so that the mixture polylacticated by the raw material manufacturing means 22 is stored in the container and cooled to be solidified. Thereby, the solidification means 23 obtains the biodegradable plastic 3. The solidifying means 23 can discharge the obtained biodegradable plastic 3.
  • the container has any desired shape according to the shape of the biodegradable plastic 3 to be manufactured.
  • the polylactic acid production method of the embodiment of the present invention can be easily carried out. Furthermore, according to the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention can be easily implemented.
  • the pretreatment means 11 Water is added to the pulverized plant 1 or the raw material plant, and the mixture is heated and stirred to form a mushy state to form a plant-based raw material. At this time, about 2 to 10% by weight of sugar may be added as necessary.
  • the pretreated plant-based raw material is housed in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and lactic acid fermentation is performed while maintaining the temperature at 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C.
  • lactic acid fermentation is performed while maintaining the temperature at 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C.
  • the starchy substance of the plant 1 is decomposed by sugar, it is possible to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria.
  • carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during the fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas processing tank 19 as needed, and after the gas is discharged, the fermentation is continued again.
  • the pH of the fermented product is measured with a pH meter, and the fermentation is continued until the pH of the fermented product drops to 4 or less. Specifically, the pH is lowered to 4 or less by fermentation for about one week.
  • the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the liquid portion of the separated fermented product is heated by the heating means 14 at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for about 30 minutes to carry out various bacteria treatment.
  • separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
  • the liquid part of the fermented product heated by the heating means 14 is stored in a secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Re-ferment until 2.2-2.6.
  • the precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product.
  • the re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16.
  • dehumidifying means 17 water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function.
  • lactic acid can be extracted.
  • the extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid.
  • plant-derived polylactic acid 2a can be obtained.
  • plant-based materials including Gramineae plants that is, rice, plantain, chickweed, tsumeksa, himejoon, giant dogflies, hotokenoza, shiba, sasa, reed, reed, kaya, Polylactic acid with extremely high transparency could be produced.
  • the pretreated plant-based material and the plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Lactate fermented for about a week.
  • seaweeds are decomposed by lactic acid, and alginic acid contained in seaweeds is dissolved on lactic acid, so that lactic acid containing alginic acid is formed.
  • carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
  • the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6.
  • seaweed starch containing a large amount of alginic acid is decomposed by sugar, refermentation of lactic acid bacteria containing a large amount of alginic acid can be promoted.
  • separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
  • Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product.
  • the stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16.
  • dehumidifying means 17 water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function.
  • lactic acid can be extracted.
  • the extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid.
  • the polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2b for binders containing alginic acid can be obtained. Moreover, the polylactic acid 2b for binders containing alginic acid also contains a lot of fucoidan.
  • the pretreated plant-based material and the plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Lactate for about 3 weeks.
  • the egg shell and the like are decomposed by lactic acid, and the calcium content contained in the egg shell and the like is dissolved on the lactic acid, so that lactic acid containing calcium is formed.
  • carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
  • the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6.
  • the plant starchy substance containing a large amount of calcium is decomposed by sugar, refermentation of lactic acid bacteria containing a large amount of calcium can be promoted.
  • separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
  • Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product.
  • the stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16.
  • dehumidifying means 17 water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function.
  • lactic acid can be extracted.
  • the extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid.
  • the polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2c for binders containing calcium can be obtained.
  • the pretreatment means 11 cuts the konjac rice cake into powder to form a plant-based material. To do.
  • the pretreated plant-based material and sugar or plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and hermetically sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. And ferment lactic acid for 2-3 weeks.
  • konjac starch starch is decomposed by lactic acid to form konjac-derived lactic acid.
  • carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
  • the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part.
  • the liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6.
  • the re-fermented product becomes sticky.
  • separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
  • Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product.
  • the stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16.
  • dehumidifying means 17 water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function.
  • lactic acid can be extracted.
  • the extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid.
  • the polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2d for binders derived from sticky konjac can be obtained.
  • the polylactic acid production method and the polylactic acid production apparatus referment the liquid portion of the fermented product lactic acid fermented in the primary fermentation tank 12 in the secondary fermentation tank 15.
  • the pH after re-fermentation can be stabilized.
  • polylactic acid 2 of uniform quality can be obtained.
  • the fermentation period can be shortened compared to the case of performing fermentation in one stage. The manufacturing period can be shortened.
  • polylactic acid 2 in the case of plant-derived polylactic acid 2a, about 2 weeks, and in the case of binder-use polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d, by preparing plant-derived polylactic acid 2a in advance, it takes 2 to 4 weeks.
  • Polylactic acid 2 can be obtained efficiently in a short period of time.
  • plant-derived polylactic acid 2a and binder polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d are mixed at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. by stirring means 21. Mix and stir while heating for 30 minutes to 1 hour. At this time, polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d for binder is mixed and stirred at a ratio of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to plant-derived polylactic acid 2a.
  • the polylactic acid for the binder to be mixed As the polylactic acid for the binder to be mixed, the polylactic acid 2b for the binder containing alginic acid, the polylactic acid 2c for the binder containing calcium, and the binder derived from konjac depending on the performance imparted to the biodegradable plastic 3 to be produced.
  • the polylactic acid 2d for use it is preferable to use one to a plurality of types.
  • the mixture after stirring is heated by the raw material production means 22 at a temperature of 80 ° C. to remove water, and the mixture is polylacticated.
  • the polylacticated mixture is stored in a container of the solidifying means 23, cooled, and solidified. Thereby, the biodegradable plastic 3 can be obtained.
  • the biodegradable plastic 3 having biodegradability can be manufactured because the polylactic acid 2a derived from plant is used. it can. Moreover, the biodegradable plastic 3 obtained can be hardened by mixing the polylactic acid 2c for binders containing calcium with the polylactic acid 2a derived from a plant. By mixing the polylactic acid 2b for binder containing alginic acid with the polylactic acid 2a derived from plants, the adhesiveness is increased, and it can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary shape such as a pellet. Moreover, a softness
  • a biodegradable plastic having a high viscosity can be obtained by mixing polylactic acid 2d for binder derived from konjac with polylactic acid 2a derived from plant.
  • a biodegradable plastic having better performance can be obtained.

Abstract

Disclosed are: a process for producing polylactic acid, which can produce polylactic acid having uniform quality and enables the reduction in time required for the production of polylactic acid; an apparatus for producing polylactic acid; a process for producing a biodegradable plastic; and an apparatus for producing a biodegradable plastic. In a primary fermentation tank (12), a plant-derived raw material is hermetically placed and fermented to produce lactic acid. By a first separation means (13), a fermentation product produced by the fermentation in the primary fermentation tank (12) is separated into a liquid fraction and a solid fraction. In a secondary fermentation tank (15), the liquid fraction of the fermentation product, which has been separated by the first separation means (13), is hermetically placed and re-fermented. By a second separation means (16), a re-fermentation product produced by the re-fermentation in the secondary fermentation tank (15) is separated into a liquid fraction and a solid fraction. By a dehumidification means (17), water is evaporated from the liquid fraction of the re-fermentation product, which has been separated by the second separation means (16), to thereby extract lactic acid. By a polymerization means (18), lactic acid extracted by the dehumidification means (17) is heated and polymerized to thereby produce polylactic acid (2).

Description

ポリ乳酸の製造方法、ポリ乳酸の製造装置、生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置Polylactic acid production method, polylactic acid production apparatus, biodegradable plastic production method, and biodegradable plastic production apparatus
　本発明は、ポリ乳酸の製造方法、ポリ乳酸の製造装置、生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a polylactic acid production method, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a biodegradable plastic production method, and a biodegradable plastic production apparatus.
　従来の植物系原料からポリ乳酸を製造する方法は、所定期間、植物系原料を乳酸発酵させ、得られた乳酸を原料としてポリ乳酸を製造している（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In the conventional method for producing polylactic acid from plant-based materials, lactic acid fermentation of plant-based materials is performed for a predetermined period, and polylactic acid is produced using the obtained lactic acid as a material (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
特開２００６－２６２７７０号公報JP 2006-262770 A
　特許文献１に記載のような従来のポリ乳酸の製造方法は、乳酸発酵を所定期間の１段階で行うため、発酵後のｐＨが安定せず、製造されるポリ乳酸の品質が不均一になるという課題があった。また、ポリ乳酸の製造に最短でも１ヶ月程度かかるため、製造期間の短縮が望まれている。 In the conventional method for producing polylactic acid as described in Patent Document 1, since lactic acid fermentation is performed in one stage of a predetermined period, the pH after fermentation is not stable, and the quality of the produced polylactic acid becomes uneven. There was a problem. Moreover, since it takes about one month at the minimum to produce polylactic acid, it is desired to shorten the production period.
　本発明は、このような課題に着目してなされたもので、均一な品質のポリ乳酸を得ることができ、製造期間を短縮することができるポリ乳酸の製造方法、ポリ乳酸の製造装置、生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and is capable of obtaining a polylactic acid of uniform quality and shortening the production period, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a polylactic acid production apparatus, An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a degradable plastic and an apparatus for producing a biodegradable plastic.
　上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法は、５種類以上の植物系原料を密閉して乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、有することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention includes a first fermentation step in which five or more kinds of plant-based raw materials are sealed and lactic acid fermentation is performed, and the fermentation product in the first fermentation step is liquid. A first separation step that separates into a solid portion and a solid portion, a second fermentation step in which the liquid portion of the fermented product separated in the first separation step is sealed and re-fermented, and re-incubation in the second fermentation step A second separation step of separating the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part, a dehumidifying step of evaporating water from the liquid part of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step, and extracting the lactic acid; And a polymerization step of heating and polymerizing the lactic acid extracted in the step to obtain polylactic acid.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造装置は、５種類以上の植物系原料を密閉して乳酸発酵させる１次発酵タンクと、前記１次発酵タンクで発酵した発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離手段と、前記第１分離手段で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させる２次発酵タンクと、前記２次発酵タンクで再発酵した再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離手段と、前記第２分離手段で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿手段と、前記除湿手段で抽出された前記乳酸を加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合手段とを、有することを特徴とする。 The polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention separates a fermented product fermented in the primary fermentation tank into a liquid part and a solid part from a primary fermentation tank in which five or more kinds of plant-based raw materials are sealed and lactic acid fermented. A first separation means, a secondary fermentation tank for sealing and re-fermenting the liquid part of the fermentation product separated by the first separation means, and a liquid part for the re-fermented product re-fermented in the secondary fermentation tank A second separation means that separates into a solid part, a dehumidification means that evaporates water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated by the second separation means, and a humectant extracted by the dehumidification means And a polymerization means for polymerizing the lactic acid by heating to obtain polylactic acid.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造装置によれば、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法を容易に実施することができる。本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法およびポリ乳酸の製造装置は、第１発酵工程または第１発酵タンクで乳酸発酵された発酵物の液体部を、第２発酵工程または第２発酵タンクにより再発酵させることにより、再発酵後のｐＨを安定化させることができる。ｐＨが安定した再発酵物の液体部を使用することにより、均一な品質のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。また、植物系原料の発酵を、第１発酵工程または第１発酵タンク、および第２発酵工程または第２発酵タンクの２段階で行うことにより、１段階で発酵を行う場合よりも発酵期間を短くすることができ、ポリ乳酸の製造期間を短縮することができる。 The polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention can easily carry out the polylactic acid production method according to the present invention. The method for producing polylactic acid and the apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention re-ferment the liquid portion of the fermented product lactic acid fermented in the first fermentation step or the first fermentation tank using the second fermentation step or the second fermentation tank. By making it, the pH after re-fermentation can be stabilized. By using the liquid part of the re-fermented product with a stable pH, polylactic acid of uniform quality can be obtained. In addition, the fermentation period of the plant-based raw material is reduced in two stages of the first fermentation process or the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation process or the second fermentation tank, so that the fermentation period is shorter than the case where the fermentation is performed in one stage. The production period of polylactic acid can be shortened.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法およびポリ乳酸の製造装置では、５種類以上の植物系原料を用いる。５種類以上の植物系原料を用いることにより、透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができる。植物系原料は、少なくとも１種類以上のイネ科植物を含むことが好ましい。この場合、より透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができる。植物系原料は、原料の植物に前処理が施されたものから成ることが好ましい。植物系原料は、例えば、原料の植物を粉砕したものまたは原料の植物に水を加えて加熱撹拌し、どろどろの状態にしたものや、原料の植物を細かく切断したものなどから成っている。また、必要に応じて、２～１０重量％程度の糖分が加えられてもよい。第１発酵工程または第１発酵タンクは、植物系原料に乳酸類や他の原料を添加して乳酸発酵させてもよい。 In the polylactic acid production method and the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention, five or more kinds of plant-based materials are used. By using five or more kinds of plant-based materials, highly transparent polylactic acid can be produced. The plant raw material preferably contains at least one kind of gramineous plant. In this case, polylactic acid with higher transparency can be produced. The plant-based raw material is preferably composed of a raw material plant pretreated. The plant-based raw material is, for example, a material obtained by pulverizing a raw material plant or a material obtained by adding water to a raw material plant and heating and stirring it to make it muddy, or a material obtained by finely cutting a raw material plant. If necessary, about 2 to 10% by weight of sugar may be added. A 1st fermentation process or a 1st fermentation tank may add lactic acid and another raw material to a plant-type raw material, and may carry out lactic acid fermentation.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法およびポリ乳酸の製造装置は、それぞれ、第１発酵工程または第１発酵タンク、および第２発酵工程または第２発酵タンクで発生する二酸化炭素などのガスを、例えば炭素水の原料として再利用化する工程またはタンクを有していてもよい。また、第１分離工程または第１発酵タンクでの発酵物の固体部、および第２分離工程または第２発酵タンクでの再発酵物の固体部から、肥料を製造する工程または肥料化手段を有していてもよい。 The method for producing polylactic acid and the apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention, for example, produce gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the first fermentation step or the first fermentation tank and in the second fermentation step or the second fermentation tank, respectively. You may have the process or tank recycled as a raw material of carbon water. Also, there is a process for producing fertilizer or a fertilizer means from the solid part of the fermented product in the first separation step or the first fermentation tank and the solid part of the re-fermented product in the second separation step or the second fermentation tank. You may do it.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法で、前記第１発酵工程は草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類のうち少なくとも１つを含む５種類以上の前記植物系原料を５～２５日間密閉して発酵させ、前記第２発酵工程は前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させ、前記除湿工程は、前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部に対して、超音波振動により水を霧化させて蒸発させ、前記重合工程は前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させることが好ましい。この場合、よりｐＨおよび品質が安定したポリ乳酸を得ることができる。また、２～４週間程度の短期間で、効率よくポリ乳酸を得ることもできる。さらにポリ乳酸の品質を安定化させるため、除湿工程を、２５～５０℃の温度で５～６時間行うことが好ましい。 In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention, in the first fermentation step, five or more kinds of plant materials including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants are sealed for 5 to 25 days. The second fermentation step is re-fermented in a sealed state at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C., so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2.6. In the dehumidifying step, water is atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration to the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separating step, and the lactic acid is 190 to 230 ° C. in the polymerization step. It is preferable to polymerize by heating at a temperature of 10 minutes to 1 hour. In this case, polylactic acid with more stable pH and quality can be obtained. Also, polylactic acid can be efficiently obtained in a short period of about 2 to 4 weeks. Further, in order to stabilize the quality of polylactic acid, the dehumidifying step is preferably performed at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours.
　本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法で、前記植物系原料は、草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草のうち少なくとも１つを含む５種類以上であることが好ましく、さらに、昆布、ワカメ、ホンダワラ、卵の殻、ソテツの実、貝の殻またはコンニャク芋のうち少なくとも１つを含むことが好ましい。植物系原料が草本類、樹木類、竹類または水草類を含む場合、それらに由来するポリ乳酸を得ることができる。また、植物系原料が昆布、ワカメまたはホンダワラなどの褐藻海草類を含む場合、フコイダンやアルギン酸を含むポリ乳酸を得ることができる。植物系原料が卵の殻、ソテツの実または貝の殻を含む場合、カルシウムを含むポリ乳酸を得ることができる。植物系原料がコンニャク芋を含む場合、粘り気のあるコンニャク由来のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。
　草本類としては、例えば、ニホンタンポポ・ジシバリ・オオジシバリ・コウゾリナ・オニタビラコ・ヤブタビラコ・コオニタビラコ・ノゲシ・オニゲシ・コカナ・ハルシオン・ヒメジコオン・ノボログサ・ハバコグサ・テテコグサ・キツネアザミ・アザミ・キリンソウ・オケラ・ヒヨドリバナ・ヨゴミ・フジバカマ・ブタナ・オニノゲシ・イワニガナ・ノオコギリソウ・イシミカワ・イタドリ・ギシギシ・ミズソバ・ミズヒキ・イヌタデ・アマコノシリヌグイ・シュウマ・イヌガラシ・タネツケバナ・ムラサキケマン・クレソン・ヤマガラシ・シロツメクサ・ムラサキツメクサ・レンゲソウ・カラスノエンドウ・スズメノエンドウ・ミヤコグサ・ヤハギソウ・ハギ・クズ・カワラケツメイ・イテリンソウ・フクジュソウ・ショウマ・センニチソウ・オダマキ・ウマノアシガタ・ホトケノザ・キランソウ・シブクノカマノフタ・オドリコソウ・ノボウキ・イヌハッカ・シモバシラ・ヤマハッカ・アキギリ・ヒメオドリコソウ・ホトケノザ・ヤキドウシ・コナスビ・サクラソウ・ヤエムグラ・ヨツバムグラ・アカネ・ヘクソカズラ・オオオイヌノフグリ・タテイヌノフグリ・トキワハゼ・ムラサキサギゴク・クガイソウ・ツユクサ・ヤブミョウガ・スイセン・ヒガンバナ・キツネノカミソリ・シロザ・アカザ・オオマツヨイグサ・メマツヨイグサ・マツヨイグサ・ヤブラン・ギボウシ・オオハギボウシ・マイヅルソウ・オニユリ・ヤマユリ・ホトトギス・ノカンゾウ・ヤブカンゾウ・ジャノヒゲリュウノヒゲ・ヤブラン・ノビル・ネジバナ・ヤナギラン・ハラン・ノスミレ・タチツボスミレ・ツボスミレ・カタバミ・ヤブジラミ・セリ・オニゼリ・ウド・イワタバコ・イチヤクソウ・ダイモンジソウ・ユキノシタ・キレンゲシュウマ・スベリヒュ・イノコズチ・ベンケイソウ・ワルナスビ・イヌホウズキ・オトギリソウ・キキョウ・ツルニンジン・ツリガネニンジン・アヤメ・スギナ・ミソハギ・キバナミソハギ・スイカズラ・カラスウリ・アマチャズル・アレチウリ・ニガウリ・ヤマゴボウ・ヤブカラシ・ヤマブドウ・ヘビイチゴ・シュウマ・ミズシキ・ワッレモッコウ・ウメバチソウ・ノバラ・キジムシロ・ミツバソテグリ・リンドウ・センブリ・アヤメ・シャガ・ニワガカショウ・シュウブ・ドクダミ・クサノウ・キツネノボタン・タガラシ・イヌムギ・スズメノテッポウ・ヌマガヤ・カゼクサ・ネズミガヤ・オオバコ・カワラナデシコ・ハコベ・ウシハコベ・ミミナグサ・ツメクサ・フジグロセンノウ・センノウ・コンニャク・ワラビ・ケシ・シノブ・ウツボカズラ・ワスレナグサ・フウロウソウ・トウザイグサ・コンジキソウ・ノウゼンカズラが挙げられる。
　樹木類としては、例えば、キリ・ツツジ・ガマズミ・ハナミズキ・シャクナゲ・ミツマタ・ジンチョウゲ・センダン・サンショウ・フジ・ハリエンジュ・エニシダ・モモ・コデマリ・ユキヤナギ・ハナイカダ・ブドウ・カエデ・サクラ・ウメ・モモ・ヤマブキ・クサイチゴ・クサボケ・モミジバフウ・クスノキ・サルスベリ・シナノキ・アオギリ・カクレミノ・ユウカリ・アジサイ・スズカケノキ・シャラノキ・モッコウ・ケヤキ・ヤナギ・ゲッケイジュ・シュロ・ケワ・モチノキ・ヤツデ・アオキ・カエデ・アカシヤ・アラカシ・カシア・シラカシ・マチバシイ・クヌギ・コナラ・シイ・サザンカ・ニシキギ・イチョウ・クリ・クルミ・ブナ・ハシバミ・シラカバ・カツラ・ソテツが挙げられる。
　竹類としては、例えば、クマザサ・ネマガリタケ・マヤコザサ・ヤダケ・アズマネザサ・スズタケ・マダケ・モウソウチク・ハチク・クロチク・オカメザサ・ササ・オオカゲササ・メダケが挙げられる。
　水草類としては、例えば、カガブタ・ヒシ・ヒシジグサ・スイレン・ジュンサイ・ヒルムシロ・トチカガミ・カウホネ・ホテイアオイ・ウキグサ・オモガカ・ホザキノフサ・モ・マツモ・ハゴロモモ・バイカモ・エビモ・オオカナダモ・クロモ・ミズオオバコが挙げられる。 In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention, the plant-based raw material is preferably five or more kinds including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants, and further, kelp, wakame, hondawara Preferably, at least one of egg shells, cycad nuts, shells of shells or konjac pods is included. When the plant-based raw material contains herbs, trees, bamboos or aquatic plants, polylactic acid derived from them can be obtained. In addition, when the plant-based material contains brown algal seaweeds such as kelp, wakame or hondawala, polylactic acid containing fucoidan or alginic acid can be obtained. When the plant-based material includes egg shell, cycad nut or shell shell, polylactic acid containing calcium can be obtained. When the plant-based raw material contains konjac koji, sticky konjac-derived polylactic acid can be obtained.
Herbs include, for example, Japanese dandelion, Shishibari, Ojishibari, Kozorina, Onitabiraco, Yabutabiraco, Onitabirako, Nogesi, Onigesi, Kokana, Halcyon, Himejikon, Novogosa, Habakogusa, Tetekogusa, Tezogusa, Hitsune Azalea Fujibakama, Butana, Oninogeshi, Iwanigana, Nokogiri-sou, Ishikawa, Itadori, Gishigishi, Mizusoba, Mizuhiki, Inutade, Amakonosirinugui, Shuuma, Ingarashi, Agaricus, Murasakisame, Cress Pea, Miyakogusa, Yahagisou, Hagi, Kudzu, Kawaraketsumei, Iterinso, Fukujusou, Shouma, Sennichi U Odamaki Umanoaashigata Hotokenoza Kiransou Shibukunokamanofuta Odorikoso Nobouki Inhakka, Shimobashi, Yamahakka, Akigiri, Himeodorikoso, Hotokenoza, Yakidobu, Konasu Noe・ Tokiwahase ・ Murasakikigok ・ Kugaisou ・ Tyukusa ・ Yabmyouga ・ Daffodil ・ Higanbana ・ Lemur scorpion ・ Shiroza ・ Akaza ・ Otsumatsuyogusa ・ Matsutsuyogusa ・ Matsuyoigusa ・ Yabura・ Nobile, Nejibana, Yanagiran, Haran, Nosumire, Tachitsubos Les Tvosmilles, Oxalis, Sperm, Oniseri, Udo, Siwa Tobacco, Ichiyaku, Daimonjisou, Yukinoshita, Kirengesuma, Surihiyu, Inokozuchi, Benkeisou, Warunasubi, Inhouzuki, Otogiriso Kibanamoshihagi, Honeysuckle, Calla Lily, Machazul, Arechiuri, Nigauri, Yamagobo, Yabukarashi, Yama Grape, Snake Strawberry, Puma, Mizusiki, Vallemokko, Umebachisou, Novara, Kizimushiro -Fox button-Capsicum-Barley-Sparrow-headed sprout-Numaya-Cassusa-Rats-Plantain- Examples include Kawaranadeshiko, Jacobe, Ushihakobe, Miminagusa, Tsumeksa, Fujigrosen Nou, Sennou, Konjac, Bracken, Poppy, Shinobu, Pterodum, Forget-me-not, Fuso, Tozaigusa, Konjizo, and Nozenkazura.
Trees include, but are not limited to, Kiri, Azalea, Viburnum, Dogwood, Rhododendron, Mitsumata, Ginkgo biloba, Sendang, Salamander, Fuji, Harienju, Enishida, Momo, Kodemari, Yukiyanagi, Hanai Kada, Grape, Maple, Sakura, Ume, Peach, etc. Yamabuki, Weeping Strawberry, Weeping Blossom, Momijibafu, Kusunoki, Crape Myrtle, Shinobi, Aogiri, Kakuremino, Yukari Examples include cassia, birch, hornbill, kunugi, konara, shii, sasanqua, nishikigi, ginkgo, walnut, beech, hazel, birch, wig and cycad.
Examples of the bamboos include Kumazasa, Nemagaritake, Mayakozasa, Yadake, Azuma Nesasa, Suzutake, Madeake, Mosochiku, Hachiku, Kurochiku, Okamezasa, Sasa, Okagesasa and Medaka.
Examples of aquatic plants include Cagabuta, Hishi, Hishijigusa, Water Lily, Junsai, Hirumushi, Tochikagami, Kauhone, Water Hyacinth, Spider, Ogaka, Hozakinofusa, Matsu, Hagoromomo, Baikamo, Ebimo, Okanamo, Kuramo Mizuo.
　本発明に係る植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法は、発酵物のｐＨが４以下に低下するよう、草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類のうち少なくとも１つを含む５種類以上の植物系原料を２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃のの温度で５～１０日間密閉して乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を、６０～１００℃の温度で２０分～１時間加熱して雑菌処理する加熱工程と、前記加熱工程で雑菌処理された前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、前記発酵物の液体部を２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、有することを特徴とする。 The method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention includes at least five kinds of plant-based raw materials containing at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants so that the pH of the fermented product is lowered to 4 or less. A first fermentation step in which lactic acid fermentation is performed for 5 to 10 days at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C., and a fermentation product in the first fermentation step is separated into a liquid part and a solid part A first separation step, a heating step in which the liquid part of the fermented product separated in the first separation step is heated at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to 1 hour to treat germs, and in the heating step, Re-fermentation is performed by sealing the liquid part of the fermented product at a temperature of 25-60 ° C., preferably 35-45 ° C. so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product treated with various bacteria is 2.2-2.6. The second fermentation step, and the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step to the liquid part and solid A second separation step that separates the water into a part, a dehumidification step that evaporates water from the liquid part of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step, and extracts the lactic acid, and the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidification step And a polymerization step of polymerizing by heating at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain polylactic acid.
　本発明に係る植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法は、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法に加熱工程を付加したものであり、ｐＨが安定した、均一な品質の植物由来のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。また、２週間程度の短期間で、効率よく植物由来のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。加熱工程で雑菌処理を行うため、衛生的である。なお、除湿工程は、第２分離工程で分離された再発酵物の液体部に対して、超音波振動により水を霧化させて蒸発させてもよい。なお、加熱工程では、６０～１００℃の温度で２０分～１時間加熱して雑菌処理するが、乳酸菌はこの処理で死滅することはない。 The method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention is obtained by adding a heating step to the method for producing polylactic acid according to the present invention, whereby a plant-derived polylactic acid having a stable pH and uniform quality can be obtained. it can. Moreover, plant-derived polylactic acid can be efficiently obtained in a short period of about 2 weeks. It is hygienic because the bacteria are treated in the heating process. In the dehumidification step, water may be atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration on the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step. In the heating step, various bacteria are treated by heating at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to 1 hour, but lactic acid bacteria are not killed by this treatment.
　また、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造装置は、前記第１分離手段で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を加熱して雑菌処理する加熱手段を有し、前記植物系原料は、５種類以上であって草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類のうち少なくとも１つを含み、前記２次発酵タンクは前記加熱手段で雑菌処理された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させるよう構成されていてもよい。この場合、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造装置により、本発明に係る植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法を容易に実施することができる。 In addition, the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention includes a heating unit that heats the liquid portion of the fermented product separated by the first separating unit to treat various bacteria, and the plant-based raw material has five or more types. And including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos, and aquatic plants, wherein the secondary fermentation tank is adapted to re-ferment with the liquid part of the fermented product treated by the heating means sealed. It may be configured. In this case, the method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid according to the present invention can be easily performed by the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the present invention.
　本発明に係るバインダー用ポリ乳酸の製造方法は、昆布、ワカメ、ホンダワラ、卵の殻、ソテツの実、貝の殻またはコンニャク芋のうち少なくとも１つを含む植物系原料に、本発明に係る植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法で製造された前記植物由来のポリ乳酸を添加して１０～２５日間密閉し、乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、前記発酵物の液体部を２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、有することを特徴とする。 The method for producing polylactic acid for a binder according to the present invention includes a plant-based raw material containing at least one of kelp, wakame, hondawala, egg shell, cycad nut, shell shell, or konjac rice, and the plant according to the present invention. A first fermentation step in which the plant-derived polylactic acid produced by the method for producing a derived polylactic acid is added, sealed for 10 to 25 days, and subjected to lactic acid fermentation, and the fermented product in the first fermentation step is divided into a liquid part and a solid The liquid part of the fermented product is 25 to 60 so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product separated in the first separating step is 2.2 to 2.6. A second fermentation step in which re-fermentation is performed at a temperature of 35 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C., a second separation step in which the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step is separated into a liquid part and a solid part, From the liquid part of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step A dehumidifying step of extracting lactic acid by evaporating the lactic acid, and a polymerization step of heating and polymerizing the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidifying step at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain polylactic acid It is characterized by that.
　本発明に係るバインダー用ポリ乳酸の製造方法は、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造方法を利用したものであり、ｐＨが安定した、均一な品質のバインダー用のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。植物系原料が昆布、ワカメまたはホンダワラなどの褐藻海草類を含む場合、フコイダンやアルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。植物系原料が卵の殻、ソテツの実または貝の殻を含む場合、カルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。植物系原料がコンニャク芋を含む場合、粘り気のあるコンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸を得ることができる。また、５種類以上の植物系原料を用いることにより、透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができる。植物系原料は、少なくとも１種類以上のイネ科植物を含むことが好ましい。この場合、より透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができる。なお、除湿工程は、第２分離工程で分離された再発酵物の液体部に対して、超音波振動により水を霧化させて蒸発させてもよい。 The method for producing a polylactic acid for a binder according to the present invention utilizes the method for producing a polylactic acid according to the present invention, and a polylactic acid for a binder having a uniform pH and a stable pH can be obtained. When the plant-based raw material contains brown alga seaweeds such as kelp, wakame or hondawala, polylactic acid for a binder containing fucoidan or alginic acid can be obtained. When the plant-based material includes egg shell, cycad nut or shell shell, polylactic acid for binder containing calcium can be obtained. When the plant-based material contains konjac koji, sticky konjac-derived polylactic acid can be obtained. Moreover, highly transparent polylactic acid can be manufactured by using 5 or more types of plant-type raw materials. The plant raw material preferably contains at least one kind of gramineous plant. In this case, polylactic acid with higher transparency can be produced. In the dehumidification step, water may be atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration on the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step.
　本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造方法は、本発明に係る植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法により得られた植物由来のポリ乳酸と、本発明に係るバインダー用ポリ乳酸の製造方法により得られたバインダー用のポリ乳酸とを加熱しつつ混合撹拌する撹拌工程と、混合撹拌の後、水を除去して、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させる原料製造工程と、ポリ乳酸化した前記混合物を冷却し、固化させて生分解性プラスチックを得る固化工程とを、有することを特徴とする。 The biodegradable plastic production method according to the present invention was obtained by the plant-derived polylactic acid obtained by the plant-derived polylactic acid production method according to the present invention and the polylactic acid for binder according to the present invention. A stirring step of mixing and stirring the polylactic acid for the binder while heating, a raw material manufacturing step of removing the water after mixing and stirring, and polylacticating the mixture, and cooling the polylacticated mixture, And a solidification step of obtaining a biodegradable plastic by solidification.
　本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造装置は、本発明に係るポリ乳酸の製造装置と、前記ポリ乳酸の製造装置により得られた複数種類のポリ乳酸を加熱しつつ混合撹拌する撹拌手段と、前記撹拌手段で混合撹拌の後、水を除去して、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させる原料製造手段と、前記原料製造手段でポリ乳酸化した前記混合物を冷却し、固化させて生分解性プラスチックを得る固化手段とを、有することを特徴とする。 The biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a polylactic acid manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, and a stirring means for mixing and stirring a plurality of types of polylactic acid obtained by the polylactic acid manufacturing apparatus, After mixing and stirring by the stirring means, water is removed, and a raw material manufacturing means for polylacticating the mixture, and the mixture polylacticated by the raw material manufacturing means is cooled and solidified to obtain a biodegradable plastic. Solidifying means to be obtained.
　本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造装置によれば、本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造方法を容易に実施することができる。本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置では、米などの植物系原料から得られたポリ乳酸を利用するため、生分解性を有するプラスチックを製造することができる。撹拌工程でカルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸を混合することにより、得られる生分解性プラスチックをより固くすることができる。撹拌工程でアルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸を混合することにより、粘着性が増し、ペレット状などの任意の形状に整えやすくすることができる。また、得られる生分解性プラスチックに柔軟性を付加することができ、生分解性プラスチックを割れにくくすることができる。撹拌工程でコンニャク芋由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸を混合することにより、粘度の高い生分解性プラスチックを得ることができる。 The biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention can easily carry out the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method according to the present invention. In the biodegradable plastic production method and biodegradable plastic production apparatus according to the present invention, polylactic acid obtained from plant-based raw materials such as rice is used, so that biodegradable plastic can be produced. . By mixing polylactic acid for binder containing calcium in the stirring step, the resulting biodegradable plastic can be made harder. By mixing polylactic acid for a binder containing alginic acid in the stirring step, the tackiness is increased and it can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary shape such as a pellet. In addition, flexibility can be added to the obtained biodegradable plastic, and the biodegradable plastic can be made difficult to break. A biodegradable plastic having a high viscosity can be obtained by mixing polylactic acid for a binder derived from konjac koji in the stirring step.
　本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造方法で、前記撹拌工程は前記植物由来のポリ乳酸と前記バインダー用のポリ乳酸とを、１９０～２３０℃の温度で３０分～１時間加熱しつつ混合撹拌し、前記原料製造工程は７０～９０℃の温度で、水を除去して、前記混合物をポリ乳酸化させることが好ましい。この場合、より優れた性能を有する生分解性プラスチックを得ることができる。 In the method for producing a biodegradable plastic according to the present invention, in the stirring step, the plant-derived polylactic acid and the polylactic acid for the binder are mixed and stirred while being heated at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to 1 hour. In the raw material production step, it is preferable that water is removed at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. to polylacticate the mixture. In this case, a biodegradable plastic having better performance can be obtained.
　本発明に係る生分解性プラスチックの製造方法で、前記撹拌工程は前記植物由来のポリ乳酸に対して、前記バインダー用のポリ乳酸を５～３０重量％の割合で混合撹拌することが好ましい。この場合、特に粘度が高い生分解性プラスチックを得ることができる。 In the method for producing a biodegradable plastic according to the present invention, the stirring step is preferably performed by mixing and stirring the polylactic acid for the binder at a ratio of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to the polylactic acid derived from the plant. In this case, a biodegradable plastic having a particularly high viscosity can be obtained.
　本発明によれば、均一な品質のポリ乳酸を得ることができ、製造期間を短縮することができるポリ乳酸の製造方法、ポリ乳酸の製造装置、生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, a polylactic acid production method, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a biodegradable plastic production method, and a biodegradable plastic capable of obtaining polylactic acid of uniform quality and shortening the production period The manufacturing apparatus can be provided.
本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造装置および製造方法を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of polylactic acid of embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造装置および製造方法の、プラスチック化装置を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the plasticizing apparatus of the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of embodiment of this invention.
　以下、図面に基づき、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
　図１および図２は、本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法、ポリ乳酸の製造装置、生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置を示している。
　本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造装置は、図１に示す本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造装置と、図２に示すプラスチック化装置とを有している。
　図１に示すように、本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造装置は、前処理手段１１と１次発酵タンク１２と第１分離手段１３と加熱手段１４と２次発酵タンク１５と第２分離手段１６と除湿手段１７と重合手段１８とガス処理タンク１９と肥料化手段２０とを有している。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a polylactic acid production method, a polylactic acid production apparatus, a biodegradable plastic production method, and a biodegradable plastic production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention has the polylactic acid manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 and the plasticizing apparatus shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a pretreatment means 11, a primary fermentation tank 12, a first separation means 13, a heating means 14, a secondary fermentation tank 15, and a second. It has separation means 16, dehumidification means 17, polymerization means 18, gas processing tank 19, and fertilizer making means 20.
　図１に示すように、前処理手段１１は、原料の植物１に前処理を施して、植物系原料を形成するよう構成されている。具体的には、前処理手段１１は、原料の植物１がイネ科植物などの草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類を含むとき、原料の植物１を粉砕したものや原料の植物１に水を加えて加熱撹拌し、どろどろの状態にして、植物系原料を形成するようになっている。また、前処理手段１１は、原料の植物１が昆布、ワカメ、ホンダワラ、卵の殻、ソテツの実、貝の殻またはコンニャク芋を含むとき、原料の植物１を細かく切断して植物系原料を形成するようになっている。前処理手段１１は、処理した植物系原料を１次発酵タンク１２に送るようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the pretreatment means 11 is configured to pretreat the raw plant 1 to form a plant raw material. Specifically, when the raw material plant 1 includes herbaceous plants such as gramineous plants, trees, bamboos, and aquatic plants, the pretreatment means 11 applies a pulverized raw material plant 1 or a raw material plant 1. Water is added and stirred with heating to form a mushy state to form a plant-based material. The pretreatment means 11 also cuts the raw material plant 1 finely to obtain plant-based raw material when the raw material plant 1 includes kelp, wakame, hondawala, egg shell, cycad nut, shellfish shell, or konjac rice. It comes to form. The pretreatment means 11 sends the processed plant raw material to the primary fermentation tank 12.
　１次発酵タンク１２は、撹拌装置が付いた密閉式のタンクから成っている。１次発酵タンク１２は、前処理手段１１で処理された植物系原料や乳酸等の添加物を収納して密閉し、撹拌しながら乳酸発酵させるよう構成されている。１次発酵タンク１２は、発酵した発酵物を第１分離手段１３に送り、発酵時に発生した二酸化炭素などのガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に送るようになっている。 The primary fermentation tank 12 is composed of a sealed tank with a stirring device. The primary fermentation tank 12 is configured to contain and seal the plant-based raw materials and lactic acid and other additives processed by the pretreatment means 11 and to perform lactic acid fermentation while stirring. The primary fermentation tank 12 sends the fermented fermented product to the first separation means 13 and sends gas components such as carbon dioxide generated during fermentation to the gas processing tank 19.
　第１分離手段１３は、ろ過装置から成っている。第１分離手段１３は、１次発酵タンク１２で発酵した発酵物をろ過して、液体部と固体部とに分離するよう構成されている。第１分離手段１３は、分離した発酵物の液体部を加熱手段１４または２次発酵タンク１５に送り、発酵物の固体部を肥料化手段２０に送るようになっている。 The first separation means 13 is composed of a filtration device. The first separation means 13 is configured to filter the fermented material fermented in the primary fermentation tank 12 and separate it into a liquid part and a solid part. The first separation means 13 sends the separated liquid portion of the fermented product to the heating means 14 or the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sends the solid portion of the fermented product to the fertilizer 20.
　図１に示すように、加熱手段１４は、加熱装置から成り、第１分離手段１３で分離された発酵物の液体部を加熱可能に構成されている。これにより、加熱手段１４は、発酵物の液体部を雑菌処理するようになっている。加熱手段１４は、加熱後の発酵物の液体部を２次発酵タンク１５に送るようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the heating means 14 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to be able to heat the liquid portion of the fermented product separated by the first separation means 13. Thereby, the heating means 14 carries out various microbe processing of the liquid part of fermented material. The heating means 14 sends the liquid portion of the fermented product after heating to the secondary fermentation tank 15.
　２次発酵タンク１５は、撹拌装置が付いた密閉式のタンクから成っている。２次発酵タンク１５は、加熱手段１４による加熱後の発酵物の液体部または第１分離手段１３で分離された発酵物の液体部を収納して密閉し、撹拌しながら再発酵させるよう構成されている。２次発酵タンク１５は、再発酵した再発酵物を第２分離手段１６に送り、再発酵時に発生した二酸化炭素などのガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に送るようになっている。 The secondary fermentation tank 15 is composed of a sealed tank with a stirring device. The secondary fermentation tank 15 is configured to contain and seal the liquid part of the fermented product after heating by the heating unit 14 or the liquid part of the fermented product separated by the first separating unit 13 and re-fermented while stirring. ing. The secondary fermentation tank 15 sends the re-fermented re-fermented product to the second separation means 16 and sends gas components such as carbon dioxide generated during the re-fermentation to the gas processing tank 19.
　第２分離手段１６は、ろ過装置から成っている。第２分離手段１６は、２次発酵タンク１５で再発酵した再発酵物をろ過して、液体部と固体部とに分離するよう構成されている。第２分離手段１６は、分離した再発酵物の液体部を除湿手段１７に送り、再発酵物の固体部を肥料化手段２０に送るようになっている。 The second separation means 16 is composed of a filtration device. The second separation means 16 is configured to filter the re-fermented product re-fermented in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and separate it into a liquid part and a solid part. The second separation means 16 is configured to send the liquid portion of the separated re-fermented product to the dehumidifying means 17 and send the solid portion of the re-fermented product to the fertilizer means 20.
　図１に示すように、除湿手段１７は、超音波振動子付きのタンク１７ａを有している。除湿手段１７は、第２分離手段１６で分離された再発酵物の液体部に対して、超音波振動子で発生させた超音波振動により水を霧化させ、除湿機能でその水分を蒸発させるよう構成されている。これにより、除湿手段１７は、再発酵物の液体部から乳酸を抽出可能になっている。除湿手段１７は、抽出した乳酸を重合手段１８に送るようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the dehumidifying means 17 has a tank 17a with an ultrasonic transducer. The dehumidifying means 17 atomizes water by the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator with respect to the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated by the second separating means 16, and evaporates the water by the dehumidifying function. It is configured as follows. Thereby, the dehumidification means 17 can extract lactic acid from the liquid part of a re-fermented material. The dehumidifying means 17 sends the extracted lactic acid to the polymerization means 18.
　重合手段１８は、加熱装置から成り、除湿手段１７で抽出された乳酸を加熱可能に構成されている。これにより、重合手段１８は、乳酸を重合させてポリ乳酸２を得るようになっている。重合手段１８は、得られたポリ乳酸２を排出可能になっている。 The polymerization means 18 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to be able to heat the lactic acid extracted by the dehumidifying means 17. Thereby, the superposition | polymerization means 18 superposes | polymerizes lactic acid and obtains polylactic acid 2. FIG. The polymerization means 18 can discharge the obtained polylactic acid 2.
　図１に示すように、ガス処理タンク１９は、１次発酵タンク１２および２次発酵タンク１５で発生した二酸化炭素などのガスを集めて収納可能に構成されている。ガス処理タンク１９は、例えば、集められたガスを無害化して排出処理したり、集められた二酸化炭素を炭素水の原料として再利用化処理したりするようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the gas processing tank 19 is configured to collect and store gas such as carbon dioxide generated in the primary fermentation tank 12 and the secondary fermentation tank 15. For example, the gas processing tank 19 detoxifies the collected gas and discharges it, or recycles the collected carbon dioxide as a raw material for carbon water.
　肥料化手段２０は、第１分離手段１３で分離された発酵物の固体部および第２分離手段１６で分離された再発酵物の固体部から、肥料を製造可能に構成されている。 The fertilizer converting means 20 is configured to be able to manufacture fertilizer from the solid part of the fermented product separated by the first separating means 13 and the solid part of the re-fermented product separated by the second separating means 16.
　図２に示すように、プラスチック化装置は、撹拌手段２１と原料製造手段２２と固化手段２３とを有している。撹拌手段２１は、超音波撹拌機能が付いたタンクから成っている。撹拌手段２１は、重合手段１８から排出された複数種類のポリ乳酸２を収納し、それらを超音波撹拌機能により加熱しつつ混合撹拌するよう構成されている。撹拌手段２１は、混合撹拌後の混合物を原料製造手段２２に送るようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the plasticizing apparatus has a stirring means 21, a raw material manufacturing means 22, and a solidifying means 23. The stirring means 21 is composed of a tank with an ultrasonic stirring function. The stirring means 21 is configured to store a plurality of types of polylactic acid 2 discharged from the polymerization means 18 and to mix and stir them while heating them with an ultrasonic stirring function. The stirring means 21 sends the mixture after mixing and stirring to the raw material manufacturing means 22.
　原料製造手段２２は、加熱装置から成り、撹拌手段２１で混合撹拌された混合物を加熱して水を除去し、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させるよう構成されている。原料製造手段２２は、ポリ乳酸化した混合物を固化手段２３に送るようになっている。 The raw material manufacturing means 22 is composed of a heating device, and is configured to heat the mixture mixed and stirred by the stirring means 21 to remove water and to polylacticate the mixture. The raw material production means 22 sends the polylactic acid mixture to the solidification means 23.
　固化手段２３は、シリコン製または粘土製の容器を有し、原料製造手段２２でポリ乳酸化した混合物をその容器に収納して冷却し、固化させるよう構成されている。これにより、固化手段２３は、生分解性プラスチック３を得るようになっている。固化手段２３は、得られた生分解性プラスチック３を排出可能になっている。なお、容器は、製造する生分解性プラスチック３の形状に合わせて、任意の所望の形状を成している。 The solidifying means 23 has a container made of silicon or clay, and is configured so that the mixture polylacticated by the raw material manufacturing means 22 is stored in the container and cooled to be solidified. Thereby, the solidification means 23 obtains the biodegradable plastic 3. The solidifying means 23 can discharge the obtained biodegradable plastic 3. The container has any desired shape according to the shape of the biodegradable plastic 3 to be manufactured.
　本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造装置によれば、本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法を容易に実施することができる。また、本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造装置によれば、本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法を容易に実施することができる。 According to the polylactic acid production apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the polylactic acid production method of the embodiment of the present invention can be easily carried out. Furthermore, according to the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention can be easily implemented.
［植物由来のポリ乳酸の製造］
　本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法では、原料の植物１がイネ科植物などの草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類を含む場合、まず、前処理手段１１により、これら原料の植物１を粉砕したものや原料の植物に水を加えて加熱撹拌し、どろどろの状態にして、植物系原料を形成する。このとき、必要に応じて、２～１０重量％程度の糖分が加えられてもよい。 [Production of plant-derived polylactic acid]
In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the plant 1 as a raw material contains grasses such as gramineous plants, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants, first, the pretreatment means 11 Water is added to the pulverized plant 1 or the raw material plant, and the mixture is heated and stirred to form a mushy state to form a plant-based raw material. At this time, about 2 to 10% by weight of sugar may be added as necessary.
　次に、前処理した植物系原料を、１次発酵タンク１２に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で乳酸発酵させる。このとき、植物１の持つデンプン質が糖分で分解されるため、乳酸菌の増殖を促すことができる。発酵中、１次発酵タンク１２内に二酸化炭素ガスが発生して充満するため、随時、適量のガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に排出し、ガス排出後、再び密閉して発酵を続ける。また、発酵中、ｐＨ計で発酵物のｐＨを測定し、発酵物のｐＨが４以下に低下するまで、発酵を継続させる。具体的には、１週間程度発酵させることにより、ｐＨが４以下に低下する。 Next, the pretreated plant-based raw material is housed in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and lactic acid fermentation is performed while maintaining the temperature at 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. At this time, since the starchy substance of the plant 1 is decomposed by sugar, it is possible to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Since carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during the fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas processing tank 19 as needed, and after the gas is discharged, the fermentation is continued again. During fermentation, the pH of the fermented product is measured with a pH meter, and the fermentation is continued until the pH of the fermented product drops to 4 or less. Specifically, the pH is lowered to 4 or less by fermentation for about one week.
　ｐＨが４以下に低下したならば、第１分離手段１３により、発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する。分離した発酵物の液体部を、加熱手段１４により、６０～１００℃の温度で３０分程度加熱して雑菌処理を行う。なお、分離した発酵物の固体部は、肥料化手段２０に送られて肥料として再利用される。加熱手段１４による加熱後の発酵物の液体部を、２次発酵タンク１５に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で、発酵物のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるまで、再発酵させる。 When the pH is lowered to 4 or less, the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part. The liquid portion of the separated fermented product is heated by the heating means 14 at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for about 30 minutes to carry out various bacteria treatment. In addition, the solid part of the isolate | separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer. The liquid part of the fermented product heated by the heating means 14 is stored in a secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Re-ferment until 2.2-2.6.
　再発酵した再発酵物から、沈殿したデンプン質を沈殿分離する。これにより、再発酵物の水分が透明化する。この再発酵物を、第２分離手段１６により、液体部と固体部とに分離する。除湿手段１７により、２５～５０℃の温度で５～６時間、分離した再発酵物の液体部に対して、２．４ＭＨｚの超音波振動により水を霧化させ、除湿機能でその水分を蒸発させる。これにより、乳酸を抽出することができる。抽出された乳酸をアルミ容器に入れ、１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して乳酸を重合させる。これにより、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａを得ることができる。なお、得られた植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａの乳酸菌数を、ＢＣＰ寒天培地法により計測した結果、3,000,000以上／ml（検出上限値以上）であった。
　また、植物系原料として、イネ科植物を含む５種類以上の植物系原料、すなわち、イネ・オオバコ・ハコベ・ツメクサ・ヒメジョオン・オオイヌノフグリ・ホトケノザ・シバ・ササ・ヨシ・アシ・カヤを用いたとき、きわめて透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができた。植物系原料として、ハコベ・オオイヌノフグリ・ホトケノザ・オオバコだけを用いた場合には、発酵後の液体は薄茶色に濁り透明にならず、製造されたポリ乳酸も濁ったものになった。しかし、ハコベ・オオイヌノフグリ・ホトケノザ・オオバコにイネを加えて原料とする事により、発酵後の液体は透明になり、透明度の高いポリ乳酸を製造することができた。なお、実験は、各植物を等重量にして行った。 The precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product. Thereby, the water | moisture content of a re-fermented material becomes transparent. The re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16. By dehumidifying means 17, water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function. Let Thereby, lactic acid can be extracted. The extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid. Thereby, plant-derived polylactic acid 2a can be obtained. In addition, as a result of measuring the number of lactic acid bacteria of the obtained plant-derived polylactic acid 2a by the BCP agar medium method, it was 3,000,000 / ml (above the upper limit of detection).
In addition, when five or more kinds of plant-based materials including Gramineae plants are used as plant-based materials, that is, rice, plantain, chickweed, tsumeksa, himejoon, giant dogflies, hotokenoza, shiba, sasa, reed, reed, kaya, Polylactic acid with extremely high transparency could be produced. In the case of using only chickweed, giant dogfish, photokenosa, plantain as plant materials, the liquid after fermentation became light brown and not transparent, and the produced polylactic acid became cloudy. However, the liquid after fermentation became transparent by adding rice to Jacobe, Giant Pufferfish, Photokenosa and Plantain, making it possible to produce highly transparent polylactic acid. The experiment was carried out with each plant having an equal weight.
［アルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸の製造］
　本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法では、原料の植物１が昆布、ワカメ、ホンダワラ等の褐藻海草類を含む場合、まず、前処理手段１１により、これら原料の植物１を細かく切断して粉末状にして、植物系原料を形成する。 [Production of polylactic acid for binders containing alginic acid]
In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the plant 1 as the raw material contains brown alga seaweeds such as kelp, seaweed, hondawala, etc., first, the plant 1 as a raw material is finely cut by the pretreatment means 11. It is made into a powder form to form a plant material.
　次に、前処理した植物系原料と植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａとを、１次発酵タンク１２に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で２週間程度、乳酸発酵させる。このとき、海草類が乳酸により分解され、海草類に含まれるアルギン酸が乳酸上に溶け出すため、アルギン酸を含んだ乳酸が形成される。また、発酵中、１次発酵タンク１２内に二酸化炭素ガスが発生して充満するため、随時、適量のガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に排出し、ガス排出後、再び密閉して発酵を続ける。 Next, the pretreated plant-based material and the plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Lactate fermented for about a week. At this time, seaweeds are decomposed by lactic acid, and alginic acid contained in seaweeds is dissolved on lactic acid, so that lactic acid containing alginic acid is formed. Moreover, since carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
　発酵後、第１分離手段１３により、発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する。分離した発酵物の液体部を、２次発酵タンク１５に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で、発酵物のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるまで、再発酵させる。このとき、アルギン酸を多く含む海草デンプン質が糖分で分解されるため、アルギン酸を多く含んだ乳酸菌の再発酵化を促すことができる。なお、分離した発酵物の固体部は、肥料化手段２０に送られて肥料として再利用される。 After fermentation, the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part. The liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6. At this time, since seaweed starch containing a large amount of alginic acid is decomposed by sugar, refermentation of lactic acid bacteria containing a large amount of alginic acid can be promoted. In addition, the solid part of the isolate | separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
　再発酵した再発酵物から、沈殿したデンプン質を沈殿分離し、再発酵物の水分の安定化を図る。安定化した再発酵物を、第２分離手段１６により、液体部と固体部とに分離する。除湿手段１７により、２５～５０℃の温度で５～６時間、分離した再発酵物の液体部に対して、２．４ＭＨｚの超音波振動により水を霧化させ、除湿機能でその水分を蒸発させる。これにより、乳酸を抽出することができる。抽出された乳酸をアルミ容器に入れ、１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して乳酸を重合させる。重合させた乳酸を、シリコン製または粘土製の容器に入れて冷却し、固化させる。これにより、アルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂを得ることができる。また、アルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂは、フコイダンも多く含んでいる。 デ ン プ ン Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product. The stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16. By dehumidifying means 17, water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function. Let Thereby, lactic acid can be extracted. The extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid. The polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2b for binders containing alginic acid can be obtained. Moreover, the polylactic acid 2b for binders containing alginic acid also contains a lot of fucoidan.
［カルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸の製造］
　本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法では、原料の植物１が卵の殻、ソテツの実または貝の殻を含む場合、まず、前処理手段１１により、これら原料の植物１を細かく切断して粉末状にして、植物系原料を形成する。 [Production of polylactic acid for binder containing calcium]
In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the plant 1 as a raw material includes an egg shell, a cycad nut or a shell of a shell, first, the plant 1 as a raw material is finely cut by the pretreatment means 11. To form a plant material.
　次に、前処理した植物系原料と植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａとを、１次発酵タンク１２に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で２～３週間程度、乳酸発酵させる。このとき、卵の殻等が乳酸により分解され、卵の殻等に含まれるカルシウム分が乳酸上に溶け出すため、カルシウムを含んだ乳酸が形成される。また、発酵中、１次発酵タンク１２内に二酸化炭素ガスが発生して充満するため、随時、適量のガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に排出し、ガス排出後、再び密閉して発酵を続ける。 Next, the pretreated plant-based material and the plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Lactate for about 3 weeks. At this time, the egg shell and the like are decomposed by lactic acid, and the calcium content contained in the egg shell and the like is dissolved on the lactic acid, so that lactic acid containing calcium is formed. Moreover, since carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
　発酵後、第１分離手段１３により、発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する。分離した発酵物の液体部を、２次発酵タンク１５に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で、発酵物のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるまで、再発酵させる。このとき、カルシウムを多く含む植物性のデンプン質が糖分で分解されるため、カルシウムを多く含んだ乳酸菌の再発酵化を促すことができる。なお、分離した発酵物の固体部は、肥料化手段２０に送られて肥料として再利用される。 After fermentation, the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part. The liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6. At this time, since the plant starchy substance containing a large amount of calcium is decomposed by sugar, refermentation of lactic acid bacteria containing a large amount of calcium can be promoted. In addition, the solid part of the isolate | separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
　再発酵した再発酵物から、沈殿したデンプン質を沈殿分離し、再発酵物の水分の安定化を図る。安定化した再発酵物を、第２分離手段１６により、液体部と固体部とに分離する。除湿手段１７により、２５～５０℃の温度で５～６時間、分離した再発酵物の液体部に対して、２．４ＭＨｚの超音波振動により水を霧化させ、除湿機能でその水分を蒸発させる。これにより、乳酸を抽出することができる。抽出された乳酸をアルミ容器に入れ、１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して乳酸を重合させる。重合させた乳酸を、シリコン製または粘土製の容器に入れて冷却し、固化させる。これにより、カルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｃを得ることができる。 デ ン プ ン Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product. The stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16. By dehumidifying means 17, water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function. Let Thereby, lactic acid can be extracted. The extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid. The polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2c for binders containing calcium can be obtained.
［コンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸の製造］
　本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法では、原料の植物１がコンニャク芋を含む場合、まず、前処理手段１１により、コンニャク芋を細かく切断して粉末状にして、植物系原料を形成する。 [Manufacture of polylactic acid for konjac binder]
In the method for producing polylactic acid according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the plant 1 as a raw material contains konjac rice cake, first, the pretreatment means 11 cuts the konjac rice cake into powder to form a plant-based material. To do.
　次に、前処理した植物系原料と糖分または植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａとを、１次発酵タンク１２に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で２～３週間程度、乳酸発酵させる。このとき、コンニャク芋のデンプンが乳酸により分解されて、コンニャク由来の乳酸が形成される。また、発酵中、１次発酵タンク１２内に二酸化炭素ガスが発生して充満するため、随時、適量のガス成分をガス処理タンク１９に排出し、ガス排出後、再び密閉して発酵を続ける。 Next, the pretreated plant-based material and sugar or plant-derived polylactic acid 2a are stored in the primary fermentation tank 12 and hermetically sealed, and kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. And ferment lactic acid for 2-3 weeks. At this time, konjac starch starch is decomposed by lactic acid to form konjac-derived lactic acid. Moreover, since carbon dioxide gas is generated and filled in the primary fermentation tank 12 during fermentation, an appropriate amount of gas components is discharged to the gas treatment tank 19 as needed, and after the gas discharge, the fermentation is continued again.
　発酵後、第１分離手段１３により、発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する。分離した発酵物の液体部を、２次発酵タンク１５に収納して密閉し、２５～６０℃、好ましくは３５～４５℃の温度に保った状態で、発酵物のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるまで、再発酵させる。これにより、再発酵物に粘り気が出る。なお、分離した発酵物の固体部は、肥料化手段２０に送られて肥料として再利用される。 After fermentation, the first separated means 13 separates the fermented product into a liquid part and a solid part. The liquid part of the separated fermented product is housed in the secondary fermentation tank 15 and sealed, and the pH of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2 in a state where it is kept at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 45 ° C. Referment until .6. As a result, the re-fermented product becomes sticky. In addition, the solid part of the isolate | separated fermented material is sent to the fertilizer means 20, and is reused as a fertilizer.
　再発酵した再発酵物から、沈殿したデンプン質を沈殿分離し、再発酵物の水分の安定化を図る。安定化した再発酵物を、第２分離手段１６により、液体部と固体部とに分離する。除湿手段１７により、２５～５０℃の温度で５～６時間、分離した再発酵物の液体部に対して、２．４ＭＨｚの超音波振動により水を霧化させ、除湿機能でその水分を蒸発させる。これにより、乳酸を抽出することができる。抽出された乳酸をアルミ容器に入れ、１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して乳酸を重合させる。重合させた乳酸を、シリコン製または粘土製の容器に入れて冷却し、固化させる。これにより、粘り気のあるコンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｄを得ることができる。 デ ン プ ン Precipitated starch is separated from the re-fermented re-fermented product to stabilize the water content of the re-fermented product. The stabilized re-fermented product is separated into a liquid part and a solid part by the second separation means 16. By dehumidifying means 17, water is atomized by the ultrasonic vibration of 2.4 MHz to the liquid part of the separated re-fermented product at a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. for 5 to 6 hours, and the moisture is evaporated by the dehumidifying function. Let Thereby, lactic acid can be extracted. The extracted lactic acid is put in an aluminum container and heated at 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to polymerize lactic acid. The polymerized lactic acid is placed in a silicon or clay container, cooled and solidified. Thereby, the polylactic acid 2d for binders derived from sticky konjac can be obtained.
　このように、本発明の実施の形態のポリ乳酸の製造方法およびポリ乳酸の製造装置は、１次発酵タンク１２で乳酸発酵された発酵物の液体部を、２次発酵タンク１５で再発酵させることにより、再発酵後のｐＨを安定化させることができる。ｐＨが安定した再発酵物の液体部を使用することにより、均一な品質のポリ乳酸２を得ることができる。また、植物系原料の発酵を、１次発酵タンク１２および２次発酵タンク１５の２段階で行うことにより、１段階で発酵を行う場合よりも発酵期間を短くすることができ、ポリ乳酸２の製造期間を短縮することができる。例えば、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａの場合には２週間程度、バインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄの場合には、あらかじめ植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａを準備しておくことにより、２～４週間程度の短期間で、効率よくポリ乳酸２を得ることができる。 As described above, the polylactic acid production method and the polylactic acid production apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention referment the liquid portion of the fermented product lactic acid fermented in the primary fermentation tank 12 in the secondary fermentation tank 15. As a result, the pH after re-fermentation can be stabilized. By using the liquid part of the re-fermented product with a stable pH, polylactic acid 2 of uniform quality can be obtained. Moreover, by performing fermentation of plant-based raw materials in two stages of the primary fermentation tank 12 and the secondary fermentation tank 15, the fermentation period can be shortened compared to the case of performing fermentation in one stage. The manufacturing period can be shortened. For example, in the case of plant-derived polylactic acid 2a, about 2 weeks, and in the case of binder-use polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d, by preparing plant-derived polylactic acid 2a in advance, it takes 2 to 4 weeks. Polylactic acid 2 can be obtained efficiently in a short period of time.
［生分解性プラスチックの製造］
　本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法は、まず、撹拌手段２１により、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａとバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄとを、１９０～２３０℃の温度で３０分～１時間加熱しつつ混合撹拌する。このとき、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａに対して、バインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄを５～３０重量％の割合で混合撹拌する。混合するバインダー用のポリ乳酸としては、製造する生分解性プラスチック３に付与する性能に応じて、アルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂ、カルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｃ、およびコンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｄのうち、１種類～複数種類を使用するのが好ましい。 [Manufacture of biodegradable plastics]
In the method for producing a biodegradable plastic according to an embodiment of the present invention, first, plant-derived polylactic acid 2a and binder polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d are mixed at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. by stirring means 21. Mix and stir while heating for 30 minutes to 1 hour. At this time, polylactic acid 2b, 2c, 2d for binder is mixed and stirred at a ratio of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to plant-derived polylactic acid 2a. As the polylactic acid for the binder to be mixed, the polylactic acid 2b for the binder containing alginic acid, the polylactic acid 2c for the binder containing calcium, and the binder derived from konjac depending on the performance imparted to the biodegradable plastic 3 to be produced. Of the polylactic acid 2d for use, it is preferable to use one to a plurality of types.
　次に、混合撹拌した後の混合物を、原料製造手段２２により、８０℃の温度で加熱して水を除去し、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させる。ポリ乳酸化した混合物を、固化手段２３の容器に収納して冷却し、固化させる。これにより、生分解性プラスチック３を得ることができる。 Next, the mixture after stirring is heated by the raw material production means 22 at a temperature of 80 ° C. to remove water, and the mixture is polylacticated. The polylacticated mixture is stored in a container of the solidifying means 23, cooled, and solidified. Thereby, the biodegradable plastic 3 can be obtained.
　本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置では、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａを利用するため、生分解性を有する生分解性プラスチック３を製造することができる。また、植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａにカルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｃを混合することにより、得られる生分解性プラスチック３をより固くすることができる。植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａにアルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｂを混合することにより、粘着性が増し、ペレット状などの任意の形状に整えやすくすることができる。また、得られる生分解性プラスチック３に柔軟性を付加することができ、生分解性プラスチック３を割れにくくすることができる。植物由来のポリ乳酸２ａにコンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸２ｄを混合することにより、粘度の高い生分解性プラスチックを得ることができる。このように、本発明の実施の形態の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法および生分解性プラスチックの製造装置によれば、より優れた性能を有する生分解性プラスチックを得ることができる。 In the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method and biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the biodegradable plastic 3 having biodegradability can be manufactured because the polylactic acid 2a derived from plant is used. it can. Moreover, the biodegradable plastic 3 obtained can be hardened by mixing the polylactic acid 2c for binders containing calcium with the polylactic acid 2a derived from a plant. By mixing the polylactic acid 2b for binder containing alginic acid with the polylactic acid 2a derived from plants, the adhesiveness is increased, and it can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary shape such as a pellet. Moreover, a softness | flexibility can be added to the biodegradable plastic 3 obtained, and the biodegradable plastic 3 can be made hard to break. A biodegradable plastic having a high viscosity can be obtained by mixing polylactic acid 2d for binder derived from konjac with polylactic acid 2a derived from plant. Thus, according to the biodegradable plastic manufacturing method and the biodegradable plastic manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, a biodegradable plastic having better performance can be obtained.
　１　　原料の植物
　２　　ポリ乳酸
　　２ａ　植物由来のポリ乳酸
　　２ｂ　アルギン酸を含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸
　　２ｃ　カルシウムを含むバインダー用のポリ乳酸
　　２ｄ　コンニャク由来のバインダー用のポリ乳酸
　３　　生分解性プラスチック
　１１　前処理手段
　１２　１次発酵タンク
　１３　第１分離手段
　１４　加熱手段
　１５　２次発酵タンク
　１６　第２分離手段
　１７　除湿手段
　１８　重合手段
　１９　ガス処理タンク
　２０　肥料化手段
　２１　撹拌手段
　２２　原料製造手段
　２３　固化手段
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw material plant 2 Polylactic acid 2a Plant-derived polylactic acid 2b Polylactic acid for binder containing alginic acid 2c Polylactic acid for binder containing calcium 2d Polylactic acid for binder derived from konjac 3 Biodegradable plastic 11 Pretreatment means 12 Primary fermentation tank 13 First separation means 14 Heating means 15 Secondary fermentation tank 16 Second separation means 17 Dehumidification means 18 Polymerization means 19 Gas treatment tank 20 Fertilizer means 21 Stirring means 22 Raw material production means 23 Solidification means

Claims (11)

  1. 　５種類以上の植物系原料を密閉して乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、
    　前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、
    　前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、
    　前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、
    　前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、
    　前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、
    　有することを特徴とするポリ乳酸の製造方法。     A first fermentation process in which five or more plant-based materials are sealed and lactic acid fermented;
    A first separation step of separating the fermented product in the first fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A second fermentation step in which the liquid part of the fermentation product separated in the first separation step is sealed and re-fermented;
    A second separation step of separating the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A dehumidification step of evaporating water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step to extract lactic acid;
    A polymerization step for heating and polymerizing the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidification step to obtain polylactic acid,
    A method for producing polylactic acid, comprising:
  2. 　前記第１発酵工程は前記植物系原料を５～２５日間密閉して発酵させ、
    　前記第２発酵工程は前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、２５～６０℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させ、
    　前記除湿工程は、前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部に対して、超音波振動により水を霧化させて蒸発させ、
    　前記重合工程は前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させることを、
    　特徴とする請求項１記載のポリ乳酸の製造方法。     In the first fermentation step, the plant-based material is sealed and fermented for 5 to 25 days,
    In the second fermentation step, the fermented product is re-fermented in a sealed state at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C. so that the pH of the liquid part of the fermented product is 2.2 to 2.6.
    In the dehumidifying step, water is atomized and evaporated by ultrasonic vibration on the liquid part of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step,
    In the polymerization step, the lactic acid is polymerized by heating at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour.
    The method for producing polylactic acid according to claim 1, wherein
  3. 　前記植物系原料は、少なくとも１種類以上のイネ科植物を含むことを、特徴とする請求項１または２記載のポリ乳酸の製造方法。 The method for producing polylactic acid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant-based material contains at least one kind of gramineous plant.
  4. 　発酵物のｐＨが４以下に低下するよう、草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類のうち少なくとも１つを含む５種類以上の植物系原料を２５～６０℃の温度で５～１０日間密閉して乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、
    　前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、
    　前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を、６０～１００℃の温度で２０分～１時間加熱して雑菌処理する加熱工程と、
    　前記加熱工程で雑菌処理された前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、前記発酵物の液体部を２５～６０℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、
    　前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、
    　前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、
    　前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、
    　有することを特徴とする植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法。     Five or more plant-based materials including at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos and aquatic plants are sealed at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C. for 5 to 10 days so that the pH of the fermented product is lowered to 4 or less. A first fermentation step for lactic acid fermentation,
    A first separation step of separating the fermented product in the first fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A heating step in which the liquid part of the fermented product separated in the first separation step is heated at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to 1 hour to treat germs;
    The fermented product liquid part is sealed at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C. and re-fermented so that the pH of the fermented product liquid-treated in the heating step is 2.2 to 2.6. A fermentation process;
    A second separation step of separating the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A dehumidification step of evaporating water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step to extract lactic acid;
    A polymerization step in which the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidification step is polymerized by heating at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain polylactic acid;
    A method for producing plant-derived polylactic acid, comprising:
  5. 　昆布、ワカメ、ホンダワラ、卵の殻、ソテツの実、貝の殻またはコンニャク芋のうち少なくとも１つを含む植物系原料に、請求項４記載の植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法で製造された前記植物由来のポリ乳酸を添加して１０～２５日間密閉し、乳酸発酵させる第１発酵工程と、
    　前記第１発酵工程での発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離工程と、
    　前記第１分離工程で分離された前記発酵物の液体部のｐＨが２．２～２．６になるよう、前記発酵物の液体部を２５～６０℃の温度で密閉して再発酵させる第２発酵工程と、
    　前記第２発酵工程での再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離工程と、
    　前記第２分離工程で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿工程と、
    　前記除湿工程で抽出された前記乳酸を１９０～２３０℃の温度で１０分～１時間加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合工程とを、
    　有することを特徴とするバインダー用ポリ乳酸の製造方法。     The said plant manufactured with the manufacturing method of the plant-derived polylactic acid of Claim 4 in the plant-type raw material containing at least one among kelp, wakame, hondawala, egg shell, cycad nut, shellfish shell, or konjac rice cake. A first fermentation step in which the polylactic acid derived from the mixture is added and sealed for 10 to 25 days, followed by lactic acid fermentation;
    A first separation step of separating the fermented product in the first fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    The fermented product liquid part is sealed and re-fermented at a temperature of 25 to 60 ° C. so that the pH of the fermented product liquid part separated in the first separation step is 2.2 to 2.6. Two fermentation processes;
    A second separation step of separating the re-fermented product in the second fermentation step into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A dehumidification step of evaporating water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated in the second separation step to extract lactic acid;
    A polymerization step in which the lactic acid extracted in the dehumidification step is polymerized by heating at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to 1 hour to obtain polylactic acid;
    A method for producing a polylactic acid for a binder, comprising:
  6. 　５種類以上の植物系原料を密閉して乳酸発酵させる１次発酵タンクと、
    　前記１次発酵タンクで発酵した発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第１分離手段と、
    　前記第１分離手段で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させる２次発酵タンクと、
    　前記２次発酵タンクで再発酵した再発酵物を液体部と固体部とに分離する第２分離手段と、
    　前記第２分離手段で分離された前記再発酵物の液体部から水を蒸発させて乳酸を抽出する除湿手段と、
    　前記除湿手段で抽出された前記乳酸を加熱して重合させ、ポリ乳酸を得る重合手段とを、
    　有することを特徴とするポリ乳酸の製造装置。     A primary fermentation tank in which five or more kinds of plant-based materials are sealed and lactic acid fermented;
    First separation means for separating the fermented material fermented in the primary fermentation tank into a liquid part and a solid part;
    A secondary fermentation tank for sealing and re-fermenting the liquid portion of the fermented product separated by the first separating means;
    Second separation means for separating the re-fermented product re-fermented in the secondary fermentation tank into a liquid part and a solid part;
    Dehumidifying means for evaporating water from the liquid portion of the re-fermented product separated by the second separating means to extract lactic acid;
    A polymerization means for heating and polymerizing the lactic acid extracted by the dehumidifying means to obtain polylactic acid;
    An apparatus for producing polylactic acid, comprising:
  7. 　前記第１分離手段で分離された前記発酵物の液体部を加熱して雑菌処理する加熱手段を有し、
    　前記植物系原料は、５種類以上であって草本類、樹木類、竹類および水草類のうち少なくとも１つを含み、
    　前記２次発酵タンクは前記加熱手段で雑菌処理された前記発酵物の液体部を密閉して再発酵させるよう構成されていることを、
    　特徴とする請求項６記載のポリ乳酸の製造装置。     Heating means for heating the liquid part of the fermented product separated by the first separating means to treat germs,
    The plant-based raw material includes at least one of herbs, trees, bamboos, and aquatic plants, including five or more kinds,
    The secondary fermentation tank is configured to seal and re-ferment the liquid portion of the fermented product that has been treated with various bacteria by the heating means.
    The apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to claim 6,
  8. 　請求項４記載の植物由来ポリ乳酸の製造方法により得られた植物由来のポリ乳酸と、請求項５記載のバインダー用ポリ乳酸の製造方法により得られたバインダー用のポリ乳酸とを加熱しつつ混合撹拌する撹拌工程と、
    　混合撹拌の後、水を除去して、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させる原料製造工程と、
    　ポリ乳酸化した前記混合物を冷却し、固化させて生分解性プラスチックを得る固化工程とを、
    　有することを特徴とする生分解性プラスチックの製造方法。     A plant-derived polylactic acid obtained by the method for producing a plant-derived polylactic acid according to claim 4 and a binder-derived polylactic acid obtained by the method for producing a polylactic acid for binder according to claim 5 are mixed while heating. A stirring step of stirring;
    After mixing and stirring, water is removed, and a raw material manufacturing process for polylacticating the mixture;
    A solidification step of cooling and solidifying the polylacticated mixture to obtain a biodegradable plastic,
    A method for producing a biodegradable plastic, comprising:
  9. 　前記撹拌工程は前記植物由来のポリ乳酸と前記バインダー用のポリ乳酸とを、１９０～２３０℃の温度で３０分～１時間加熱しつつ混合撹拌し、
    　前記原料製造工程は７０～９０℃の温度で、水を除去して、前記混合物をポリ乳酸化させることを、
    　特徴とする請求項８記載の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法。     In the stirring step, the plant-derived polylactic acid and the binder polylactic acid are mixed and stirred while heating at a temperature of 190 to 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to 1 hour,
    In the raw material manufacturing process, water is removed at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. to polylacticate the mixture.
    The method for producing a biodegradable plastic according to claim 8.
  10. 　前記撹拌工程は前記植物由来のポリ乳酸に対して、前記バインダー用のポリ乳酸を５～３０重量％の割合で混合撹拌することを、特徴とする請求項８または９記載の生分解性プラスチックの製造方法。 10. The biodegradable plastic according to claim 8, wherein the stirring step comprises mixing and stirring the binder-derived polylactic acid at a ratio of 5 to 30% by weight with respect to the plant-derived polylactic acid. Production method.
  11. 　請求項６または７記載のポリ乳酸の製造装置と、
    　前記ポリ乳酸の製造装置により得られた複数種類のポリ乳酸を加熱しつつ混合撹拌する撹拌手段と、
    　前記撹拌手段で混合撹拌の後、水を除去して、その混合物をポリ乳酸化させる原料製造手段と、
    　前記原料製造手段でポリ乳酸化した前記混合物を冷却し、固化させて生分解性プラスチックを得る固化手段とを、
    　有することを特徴とする生分解性プラスチックの製造装置。
          An apparatus for producing polylactic acid according to claim 6 or 7,
    Stirring means for mixing and stirring a plurality of types of polylactic acid obtained by the polylactic acid production apparatus;
    After mixing and stirring by the stirring means, raw material manufacturing means for removing water and polylacticating the mixture;
    A solidifying means for cooling and solidifying the mixture polylacticated by the raw material producing means to obtain a biodegradable plastic;
    An apparatus for producing a biodegradable plastic, comprising:
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