Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
  • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
  • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
  • F16C33/124—Details of overlays
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
  • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
  • F16C33/127—Details of intermediate layers, e.g. nickel dams
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
  • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
  • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2220/00—Shaping
  • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
  • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
  • F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12021—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sliding bearing composite material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
• DE 199 63 385 C1 describes a sliding bearing composite material with a carrier layer, a bearing metal layer, a first intermediate layer of nickel and a second intermediate layer of tin and nickel! and with a sliding layer consisting of copper and tin.
• the thickness of the cast layer decreases as a result of the migration of the tin, which is accompanied by a concentration of the tin-copper particles.
• the thickness of the nickel-tin layer increases and the nickel layer decreases.
• the diffusion effects only occur under operating conditions and create a property gradient in the layer structure located on the bearing metal layer.
• US Pat. No. 6,787,100 B2 discloses a method for producing a sliding bearing which has a multilayer system on a steel backing.
• the conventional bearing material is replaced, for example, by a substantially lead-free two-layer system, wherein a first layer of a copper-based metal powder is first applied to the steel backing which is not compacted and a copper-based metal powder with a different composition is applied to this layer. Both layers are subjected to a first sintering step, cooled, compacted and then subjected to a second sintering step.
• the first sintered layer may consist of a Cu-Sn powder and the second layer of a Cu-Sn-Bi powder, wherein the first layer is thicker than the second layer.
• Both layers are clearly delimited from one another and at best form a thin transition zone in the interface region between the two layers. No statements are made about the particle sizes of the powders.
• the object of the invention is to provide a sliding bearing composite, which has good sliding properties, the highest possible thermal conductivity and a good Formanpassungungs- or embedding ability.
• the sliding bearing composite material is characterized in that the sintered bearing metal layer is formed as a gradient layer at least in one layer section.
• a gradient layer is understood to mean a layer whose material properties change continuously in the direction perpendicular to the carrier layer.
• the formation of a gradient in the sintered bearing metal layer allows a smooth transition between the bearing and the functionalized layer.
• the supporting layer is the carrier layer, which may for example consist of a steel backing.
• the functional layer is a sliding layer located on the bearing metal layer, wherein the gradient formation of the sintered bearing metal layer also opens up the possibility of designing the bearing metal layer with increasing distance from the carrier layer such that it has very good running properties, so that a conventional additional sliding layer can be dispensed with ,
• the proportion of the gradient layer on the entire bearing metal layer is at least 30% of the thickness of
• Bearing metal layer Particularly preferred are 50% and according to a particular embodiment, the entire bearing metal layer is formed as a gradient layer.
• the bearing metal layer is made of a lead-free material. Used powder materials such. As metals, alloys and / or ceramic materials. Plastic materials are not used.
• the bearing detail layer preferably consists of two successively applied sintered layers, wherein the first sintered layer is applied with a first powder material on the carrier layer and the second sintered layer with a second powder material on the first Si ⁇ ter für, and wherein the powder materials of the layers penetrate to form a gradient.
• the number of layers applied is preferably from 2 to 10 layers, with 2 to 4 layers being particularly preferred.
• the powder material of the individual layers is scattered in each case, with at least the powder material of two layers being scattered one after the other and sintered. If more than two layers are applied, then further powder material is applied sequentially and each sintered. At the end of this part of the manufacturing process, all applied layers are densified together.
• the minimum spreading thickness per layer is 0.05 mm and the thickness of the finished bearing layer is preferably 0.2 to 3 mm. In a thickness of the carrier layer z. As the steel back of 0.4 to 4 mm, the total thickness of the sliding bearing composite is 0.6 to 7 mm.
• the penetration of the powder materials of the individual layers applied is preferably controlled by the particle size.
• small particles can penetrate into the spaces between large particles of an underlying layer.
• the thickness of the penetration area can be adjusted.
• a second layer of fine grained material, d. H. a powder material is sprinkled with small particles that may be completely contained in the material of the first layer.
• Powder material is therefore understood to mean the scattered material.
• the penetration or mixing of the individual layers can take place completely or only partially with formation of layer sections, the layer sections having greater thicknesses than is the case with interfacial effects of superimposed layers.
• the weight fractions of the PU materials can be continuously between 0 and 100% by weight. for the one powder material or from 100 to 0 wt .-% for the other powder material in the first powder material over the total thickness of the bearing metal layer change.
• gradient layers ensures the most uniform possible transition between supporting and functionalized layers or layer sections.
• a buffer layer can be provided between the bearing metal layer and the carrier layer, for example, which preferably consists of the powder material which forms the largest proportion by weight of the bearing detail layer.
• the powder material of each sintered layer comprises at least a first powder fraction of a matrix material.
• Matrix material is preferably understood to mean that material which has at least 50% by weight of the Puivermaterials of each layer applied.
• the powder material may be one Layer also consist exclusively of this matrix material, ie amount to 100 wt .-% of the powder material.
• the powder material of each sintered layer consists only of matrix material, the matrix materials consisting of the same material and the matrix materials differing in grain size.
• the formation of the gradient is adjusted exclusively by the grain size differences of the two first and second layer powder materials.
• the first powder fraction is formed from particles having a large grain size or particles having a small grain size.
• the proportion of small grain sizes in the bearing metal layer increases with increasing distance from the carrier material.
• the large grain size with respect to the matrix material includes a range with average grain sizes in the range of> 50 microns to ⁇ 200 microns.
• the Puivermaterial of the matrix material is a range with average grain sizes that are less than 50 microns.
• the powder material of at least one sintered layer preferably has a second powder fraction of at least one additional material.
• the requirement profile is implemented by the addition of at least one second powder fraction, whereby certain fatigueng. Interface properties can be formed to z. B. to combine good running properties of the sliding bearing composite material with good machinability. It may in the production of Gieitmaschinen of the sliding bearing composite material on further layers that must be applied by other methods, such. As galvanic layers are dispensed with.
• the first powder fraction of all layers formed from the matrix material consists of the same matrix material, whereby cracking during the sintering process, e.g. B. at different sintering conditions can be prevented.
• the first powder fraction of the first sintered layer and / or the first powder fraction of the second sintered layer consists of large particles.
• the second powder fraction consists of the first sintered layer and / or the second
• Powder fraction of the second sintered layer of large particles preferably have average particle sizes of 70 to 90 microns.
• the second powder fraction of the first sintered layer and / or the second powder fraction of the second sintered layer consist of small particles.
• the particles of the second powder fraction relates to their degree of hardness.
• the second powder fraction of the first sintered layer and / or the second powder fraction of the second sintered layer consist of soft particles.
• the second powder fraction of the first sintering layer and / or the second powder fraction of the second sintering layer may consist of hard particles.
• the soft particles include such z. B. from h-BN or C.
• As hard particles are in particular those from c-BN, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 3 P, MoSi 2 , SiO 2 , metal nitrides, metal oxides or metal silicides in question.
• the soft, large particles of the second powder fraction preferably have average particle sizes of 6 to 8 ⁇ m.
• the hard, small particles of the second powder fraction preferably have average particle sizes in the range of 4 to 6 ⁇ m.
• the first powder fraction forming the matrix material preferably consists of CuNiXSiX, CuSiXNiX, Cu, CuSnX and / or CuFeXPX.
• the placeholder x can assume the values 1 to 3.
• a thin element layer is applied to the bearing metal layer.
• This element layer can consist of the elements Cu, Sn, Bi, Ag, Au, Ni, In, Si or their alloys.
• the element By applying a thin layer of an elemental powder to the metal layer, during the sintering, the element can be diffused into the bearing metal layer, eg. B. tin in a copper matrix bearing metal layer can be effected.
• the bearing metal layer eg. B. tin in a copper matrix bearing metal layer can be effected.
• a targeted functionalization of the graded surface is possible.
• Of the Material can be optimally adapted to the corresponding requirement profile.
• a sliding bearing element is produced from the sliding bearing composite material.
• Powder Fraction 1. Powder Fraction 2. Powder Fraction 1. Powder Fraction 2. Powder Fraction - Matrix Material - - Additional Material - - Matrix Material - - Additional Material -
• the first layer is hard, resulting in a
• Dispersion hardening can be achieved.
• the second layer has a good damping by the large soft additives.
• the first layer corresponds to the first layer of the first example, the second layer having good lubricating properties by the finely divided soft additives.
• the first layer has good damping while the second layer is hard.
• the fourth example includes only matrix materials in the first and second layers. Further additives are not provided here. The distinction between the two powder materials via the particle size distribution.
• the fifth example has a first layer without additives and a second hard layer.
• Examples 6 to 10 relate to a first layer without additives, the second layer having either good lubrication properties and / or good damping properties (Examples 7 and 8).
• the ninth example has a very good lubrication of the second layer and a high hardness of the second layer.
• the first layer is characterized by a good damping and the second layer, which has no additives, by a higher or lower thermal conductivity.
• the first layer also has a good one
• Powder fractions the gradient over the chemical properties of the second powder fractions is adjustable.
• Figure 1 is a schematic section through a
• Figures 2 and 3 sections through sliding bearing composite materials according to a second and third embodiment.
• FIG. 1 shows a sliding bearing composite material 1 having a steel backing 2, on which a bearing metal layer 10 is applied, which is formed overall as a gradient layer.
• This layer of bearing material 10 is formed from three individual sintered layers 12, 14 and 16. Since the individual layers can no longer be differentiated at the end of the production process, the dividing lines between the layers are only indicated by dashed lines.
• FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment, wherein the bearing metal layer 10 only consists of two layers 12 and 14, wherein a buffer layer 4 is arranged between the bearing metal layer 10 and the carrier material 2.
• the matrix material of the bearing metal layer 10 consists, for example, of CuSn ⁇ Nt and has a solid lubricant as the second powder fraction, it is preferable to form the buffer layer 4 of this matrix material CuSn8Ni in order to improve the connection to the steel back 2.
• FIG. 3 shows a weather embodiment in which two layers were also used to produce the bearing metal layer 10.
• an element layer 6 is applied, which can penetrate into the upper part of the layer 14 during the sintering process. It thereby becomes an additional gradient of this element in the upper layer formed, wherein the layers 12 and 14 also have a gradient due to the different powder fractions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Citations (7)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-31 DE DE200910002043 patent/DE102009002043B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-03-10 WO PCT/EP2010/053035 patent/WO2010112309A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-03-10 BR BRPI1014927A patent/BRPI1014927A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-03-10 PL PL10708192T patent/PL2414694T3/pl unknown
  • 2010-03-10 EP EP10708192.9A patent/EP2414694B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2010-03-10 JP JP2012502544A patent/JP2012522134A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-03-10 CN CN201080014299.6A patent/CN102369366B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-03-10 US US13/262,104 patent/US8748006B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-03-10 KR KR1020117022916A patent/KR20110131254A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2010-03-10 ES ES10708192T patent/ES2423803T3/es active Active

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