WO2010109817A1 - 液体燃料の製造方法及び液体燃料の製造システム - Google Patents
液体燃料の製造方法及び液体燃料の製造システム Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/068—Noble metals
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/072—Iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/12—Noble metals
- B01J29/126—Y-type faujasite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid fuel manufacturing method and a liquid fuel manufacturing system.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-080489 filed in Japan on March 27, 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- GTL Gas To Liquids
- FT synthesis reaction a process of synthesizing a hydrocarbon compound (FT synthesized hydrocarbon), a process of hydrotreating and fractionating the FT synthesized hydrocarbon, naphtha (crude gasoline), kerosene
- FT synthesized hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon compound
- naphtha a process of hydrotreating and fractionating the FT synthesized hydrocarbon
- naphtha crude gasoline
- kerosene It is a technology for producing liquid fuel and other products such as light oil and wax. Since liquid fuel products made from FT synthetic hydrocarbons have a high paraffin content and do not contain sulfur, they are attracting attention as environmentally friendly fuels, as shown in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the hydrotreatment is a step of performing at least one of hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and hydrorefining of an FT synthetic hydrocarbon using hydrogen gas.
- hydrocracking a C—C bond of a hydrocarbon having a large number of carbons is broken to generate a hydrocarbon having a small number of carbons.
- hydroisomerization linear saturated hydrocarbon (normal paraffin) is converted into branched saturated hydrocarbon (isoparaffin).
- oxygen-containing compounds such as olefins and alcohols, which are by-products in the FT synthesis reaction, are converted into paraffins by hydrogenation to unsaturated bonds of olefins and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds, respectively. Converted to hydrocarbons.
- a catalyst (hydrotreatment catalyst) used for these hydrotreatments for example, a catalyst using platinum or the like as an active metal is known.
- a method of removing carbon monoxide from a fluid containing a relatively low concentration of carbon monoxide carbon monoxide is reduced to methane by contacting the fluid containing carbon monoxide with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.
- the methanation reaction is known.
- an effective catalyst for the methanation reaction for example, disclosed in Patent Document 2 below, ruthenium and a metal other than ruthenium, particularly Group 4B (Group 14) and Group 6A (Group 6) of the periodic table.
- a catalyst is known in which one or more metals selected from Group 7A (Group 7) and Group 8 (Groups 8 to 10) are supported on a metal oxide support.
- carbon monoxide gas contained in the raw material gas for the FT synthesis reaction may be dissolved in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon. If the carbon monoxide gas is adsorbed on the hydrotreating catalyst, the catalyst is poisoned and the life is shortened. For this reason, it is necessary to frequently replace the catalyst, which increases the cost for maintenance.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid fuel manufacturing method and a liquid fuel manufacturing system capable of realizing cost reduction.
- a method for producing a liquid fuel according to the present invention is a method for producing a liquid fuel by synthesizing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and producing the liquid fuel using the hydrocarbons.
- the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 11th groups of the periodic table A methanation reaction for converting carbon monoxide gas dissolved in the FT synthesized hydrocarbon into methane gas is caused by the pretreatment catalyst supporting one or more metals selected from Group 14 and hydrogen. Therefore, carbon monoxide gas is removed from the FT synthetic hydrocarbon that undergoes the hydrogenation treatment. Therefore, the hydrotreating catalyst used in the hydrotreating step can be prevented from being poisoned by the carbon monoxide gas, so that the life of the catalyst can be prevented from being shortened. Thereby, the cost of maintenance can be reduced.
- the periodic table refers to a periodic table of long-period elements specified in 1989 by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).
- the periodic table according to the IUPAC regulations before the 1989 regulations is a short-periodic periodic table using subgroups, wherein the sixth group is the sixth (VI) A group and the seventh group is the seventh group.
- VII Group A
- Groups 8-10 were referred to as Group 8 (VIII)
- Group 11 was referred to as Group 1 (I) B
- Group 14 was referred to as Group 4 (IV) B, respectively.
- a noble metal of Group 9 or Group 10 of the periodic table may be further supported on the carrier of the pretreatment catalyst.
- an oxygen-containing compound such as alcohol contained in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon is hydrodesorbed. It can be converted into paraffinic hydrocarbon and water by oxygen reaction. If hydrotreating is performed on each fraction containing an oxygen-containing compound without performing the pretreatment step, water is by-produced in the hydrotreating, and the by-product water causes poisoning of the hydrotreating catalyst. there is a possibility. Therefore, it is considered that poisoning of the hydrotreating catalyst is suppressed by performing a hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the oxygen-containing compound in the pretreatment step and performing a hydrotreating process with the by-product water as a gas (steam).
- one or more metals selected from Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11 and Group 14 of the periodic table are: It may be one or more metals selected from ruthenium, nickel and copper. In this case, one or more metals selected from Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11 and Group 14 of the periodic table supported on the pretreatment catalyst are used. One or more metals selected from ruthenium, nickel and copper were used. Therefore, even when the amount of supported metal is reduced, a methanation reaction is efficiently generated, and carbon monoxide dissolved in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon can be removed. Of these metals, when ruthenium is selected, the amount of supported metal can be minimized while maintaining the required methanation activity.
- the noble metal of Group 9 or Group 10 of the periodic table may be platinum.
- the noble metal of Group 9 or Group 10 of the periodic table supported on the pretreatment catalyst is platinum, even when the amount of supported metal is reduced, alcohol or the like contained in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon efficiently The hydrodeoxygenation reaction of this oxygen-containing compound can be carried out.
- 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of ruthenium may be supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total mass of the catalyst.
- the amount of ruthenium supported exceeds 10% by mass, the methanation reaction of the coexisting carbon dioxide gas is likely to occur, the selectivity is lowered, and the effect of removing the carbon monoxide gas is insufficient.
- the amount of ruthenium supported is less than 0.05% by mass, the methanation reaction of carbon monoxide gas does not proceed sufficiently, and poisoning of the hydrotreating catalyst with carbon monoxide gas may not be suppressed. It is not preferable.
- 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of ruthenium is supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total mass of the catalyst. Therefore, these problems can be avoided.
- 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of platinum may be supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total mass of the catalyst. Even if the supported amount of platinum is larger than 10% by mass, it is difficult to further improve the activity of the oxygen-containing compound such as alcohol in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction, which increases the cost. On the other hand, when the supported amount of platinum is less than 0.05% by mass, the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the oxygen-containing compound may not sufficiently proceed. According to the present invention, 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of platinum is supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total amount of the catalyst. Therefore, these problems can be avoided.
- the hydrocarbon may be fractionated before the hydrotreatment.
- the pretreatment and the hydrogenation treatment can be performed for each fraction.
- the liquid fuel production method may perform the pretreatment for each fraction obtained by fractionating the hydrocarbon.
- the pretreatment is performed for each fraction obtained by fractionating the FT synthetic hydrocarbon, so that the optimum pretreatment can be performed for each fraction.
- carbon monoxide gas can be removed more efficiently.
- the liquid fuel production system of the present invention is a liquid fuel production system that synthesizes hydrocarbons from synthesis gas by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and produces liquid fuels using the hydrocarbons.
- a pretreatment device for pretreatment of the hydrocarbon, and a hydrotreatment treatment of the hydrocarbon which is located downstream of the pretreatment device and is filled with a hydrotreating catalyst and flows out of the pretreatment device
- the carrier is filled in the group 6, 7, 7, 8, 9 of the periodic table.
- a noble metal of Group 9 or Group 10 of the periodic table may be further supported on the carrier of the pretreatment catalyst.
- the effects produced by the liquid fuel production system of the present invention are the same as those of the corresponding liquid fuel production method of the present invention, and are therefore omitted to avoid duplication. The same applies to each of the following liquid fuel systems of the present invention.
- one or more metals selected from Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, and Group 14 of the periodic table are ruthenium.
- One or more metals selected from nickel and copper may be used.
- the noble metal of Group 9 or Group 10 of the periodic table may be platinum.
- 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of ruthenium may be supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of platinum may be supported on the support of the pretreatment catalyst with respect to the total amount of the catalyst.
- the liquid fuel production system of the present invention may further include a fractionation device provided upstream of the hydrotreating device and fractionating the hydrocarbons.
- the pretreatment device may be provided for each fraction obtained by fractionating the hydrocarbons downstream of the fractionation device.
- the present invention by efficiently removing carbon monoxide gas dissolved in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon in the pretreatment step, poisoning due to adsorption of carbon monoxide gas in the hydrotreating catalyst can be suppressed, and the catalyst It is possible to reduce the frequency of replacement, and it is possible to reduce the cost required for maintenance.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram showing the configuration of a hydrocarbon synthesis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram showing the configuration of the liquid fuel production system.
- FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view showing another configuration of the liquid fuel production system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a liquid fuel synthesis system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- a liquid fuel synthesis system 1 is a plant facility that executes a GTL process for converting a hydrocarbon raw material such as natural gas into liquid fuel.
- the liquid fuel synthesis system 1 includes a synthesis gas generation unit 3, an FT synthesis unit 5, and an upgrading unit 7.
- the synthesis gas generation unit 3 reforms natural gas that is a hydrocarbon raw material to produce synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas.
- the FT synthesis unit 5 synthesizes FT synthesized hydrocarbons from the produced synthesis gas by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction (hereinafter referred to as “FT synthesis reaction”).
- the upgrading unit 7 hydrotreats and refines FT synthesized hydrocarbons synthesized by the FT synthesis reaction to produce liquid fuel products and the like (naphtha, kerosene, light oil, wax, etc.).
- liquid fuel products and the like naphtha, kerosene, light oil, wax, etc.
- the synthesis gas generation unit 3 mainly includes, for example, a desulfurization reactor 10, a reformer 12, an exhaust heat boiler 14, gas-liquid separators 16 and 18, a decarboxylation device 20, and a hydrogen separation device 26.
- the desulfurization reactor 10 is composed of a hydrodesulfurization apparatus or the like and removes sulfur components from natural gas as a raw material.
- the reformer 12 reforms the natural gas supplied from the desulfurization reactor 10 to produce a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide gas (CO) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) as main components.
- the exhaust heat boiler 14 recovers the exhaust heat of the synthesis gas generated in the reformer 12 and generates high-pressure steam.
- the gas-liquid separator 16 separates water heated by heat exchange with the synthesis gas in the exhaust heat boiler 14 into a gas (high-pressure steam) and a liquid.
- the gas-liquid separator 18 removes the condensate from the synthesis gas cooled by the exhaust heat boiler 14 and supplies the gas to the decarboxylation device 20.
- the decarboxylation device 20 uses an absorption liquid from the synthesis gas supplied from the gas-liquid separator 18 to remove the carbon dioxide gas, and regenerates the carbon dioxide gas from the absorption liquid containing the carbon dioxide gas for regeneration.
- Tower 24 The hydrogen separation device 26 separates a part of the hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas from which the carbon dioxide gas has been separated by the decarbonation device 20.
- the decarboxylation device 20 may not be provided depending on circumstances.
- the reformer 12 reforms natural gas using carbon dioxide and steam by, for example, the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method represented by the following chemical reaction formulas (1) and (2).
- a high-temperature synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas is produced.
- the reforming method in the reformer 12 is not limited to the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method described above, but includes, for example, a steam reforming method, a partial oxidation reforming method (POX) using oxygen, and a partial oxidation method.
- An autothermal reforming method (ATR), a carbon dioxide gas reforming method, or the like, which is a combination of the reforming method and the steam reforming method, can also be used.
- the hydrogen separator 26 is provided on a line branched from the main pipe connecting the decarbonator 20 or the gas-liquid separator 18 and the bubble column reactor 30.
- the hydrogen separator 26 can be constituted by, for example, a hydrogen PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) device that performs adsorption and desorption of hydrogen using a pressure difference.
- This hydrogen PSA apparatus has an adsorbent (zeolite adsorbent, activated carbon, alumina, silica gel, etc.) in a plurality of adsorption towers (not shown) arranged in parallel, and hydrogen is added to each adsorption tower.
- adsorbent zeolite adsorbent, activated carbon, alumina, silica gel, etc.
- the hydrogen gas separation method in the hydrogen separator 26 is not limited to the pressure fluctuation adsorption method such as the hydrogen PSA device described above, and for example, a hydrogen storage alloy adsorption method, a membrane separation method, or a combination thereof. There may be.
- the hydrogen storage alloy method is, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy having the property of adsorbing / releasing hydrogen by being cooled / heated (TiFe, LaNi 5 , TiFe 0.7 to 0.9 Mn 0.3 to 0.1 , Alternatively, TiMn 1.5 or the like) is used to separate hydrogen gas.
- a hydrogen storage alloy having the property of adsorbing / releasing hydrogen by being cooled / heated TiFe, LaNi 5 , TiFe 0.7 to 0.9 Mn 0.3 to 0.1 , Alternatively, TiMn 1.5 or the like
- a plurality of adsorption towers containing hydrogen storage alloys are provided, and in each synthesis tower, hydrogen adsorption by cooling the hydrogen storage alloys and hydrogen release by heating the hydrogen storage alloys are repeated alternately. Of hydrogen gas can be separated and recovered.
- the membrane separation method is a method of separating hydrogen gas having high membrane permeability from a mixed gas using a membrane made of a polymer material such as aromatic polyimide. Since this membrane separation method does not involve a phase change, the energy required for operation is small, and the running cost is low. Further, since the structure of the membrane separation apparatus is simple and compact, the equipment cost is low and the required area of the equipment is small. Further, the separation membrane has no driving device and has a wide stable operation range, so that there is an advantage that maintenance management is easy.
- the FT synthesis unit 5 mainly includes, for example, a bubble column reactor 30, a gas-liquid separator 34, a separator 36, a gas-liquid separator 38, and a first rectifying column 40.
- the bubble column reactor 30 synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas produced by the synthesis gas generation unit 3, that is, carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the gas-liquid separator 34 separates water heated through circulation in the heat transfer tube 32 disposed in the bubble column reactor 30 into water vapor (medium pressure steam) and liquid.
- the separator 36 is connected to the central part of the bubble column reactor 30 and separates the catalyst and the liquid hydrocarbon product.
- the gas-liquid separator 38 is connected to the top of the bubble column reactor 30 and cools the unreacted synthesis gas and the gaseous hydrocarbon product.
- the first fractionator 40 fractionates the FT synthesized hydrocarbons supplied from the bubble column reactor 30 via the separator 36 and the gas-liquid separator 38 into each fraction according to the boiling point.
- the bubble column reactor 30 is an example of a reactor that synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, and functions as a reactor for FT synthesis that synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the bubble column reactor 30 is constituted by, for example, a bubble column type slurry bed type reactor in which a slurry composed of a catalyst and a medium oil is stored inside a column type container.
- the bubble column reactor 30 synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas by FT synthesis reaction.
- the synthesis gas supplied to the bubble column reactor 30 passes through the slurry composed of the catalyst and the medium oil, and in a suspended state, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (3) below, Carbon monoxide gas reacts to synthesize hydrocarbons.
- the bubble column reactor 30 is of a heat exchanger type in which a heat transfer tube 32 is provided, and supplies, for example, water (BFW: Boiler Feed Water) as a refrigerant.
- BFW Boiler Feed Water
- the heat of reaction of the FT synthesis reaction can be recovered as medium pressure steam by heat exchange between the slurry and water.
- the upgrading unit 7 includes, for example, a wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, a middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, a naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54, and gas-liquid separators 56, 58, 60. And a second rectifying column 70 and a naphtha stabilizer 72.
- the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 is connected to the bottom of the first fractionator 40.
- the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52 is connected to the center of the first rectifying column 40.
- the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 is connected to the upper part of the first fractionator 40.
- Gas-liquid separators 56, 58 and 60 are provided corresponding to these hydrotreating reactors 50, 52 and 54, respectively.
- the second rectification column 70 fractionates the liquid hydrocarbons supplied from the gas-liquid separators 56 and 58 according to the boiling point.
- the naphtha stabilizer 72 rectifies the liquid hydrocarbons of the naphtha fraction supplied from the gas-liquid separator 60 and the second rectifying column 70 and discharges butane and lighter components than butane as off-gas, and has 5 carbon atoms.
- the above ingredients are recovered as product naphtha.
- the liquid fuel synthesis system 1 is supplied with natural gas (main component is CH 4 ) as a hydrocarbon feedstock from an external natural gas supply source (not shown) such as a natural gas field or a natural gas plant.
- the synthesis gas generation unit 3 reforms the natural gas to produce a synthesis gas (a mixed gas containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas as main components).
- the natural gas is supplied to the desulfurization reactor 10 together with the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen separator 26.
- the desulfurization reactor 10 converts the sulfur content contained in the natural gas into hydrogen sulfide by the hydrodesulfurization catalyst using the hydrogen gas, and further adsorbs and removes the generated hydrogen sulfide with a desulfurization agent such as ZnO.
- a desulfurization agent such as ZnO.
- the natural gas (which may contain carbon dioxide) desulfurized in this way is generated by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas supplied from a carbon dioxide supply source (not shown) and the exhaust heat boiler 14. After being mixed with water vapor, it is supplied to the reformer 12.
- the reformer 12 reforms the natural gas using carbon dioxide and steam by the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method described above, so that the reformer 12 has a high temperature mainly composed of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas. Produces synthesis gas.
- the reformer 12 is supplied with, for example, fuel gas and air for the burner included in the reformer 12, and the steam / carbonic acid that is endothermic by the combustion heat of the fuel gas in the burner. The reaction heat necessary for the gas reforming reaction is covered.
- the high-temperature synthesis gas (for example, 900 ° C., 2.0 MPaG) produced in the reformer 12 in this way is supplied to the exhaust heat boiler 14 and is subjected to heat exchange with water circulating in the exhaust heat boiler 14.
- the exhaust heat is recovered by cooling (for example, 400 ° C.).
- the water heated by the synthesis gas in the exhaust heat boiler 14 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 16, and the gas component from the gas-liquid separator 16 is reformed as high-pressure steam (for example, 3.4 to 10.0 MPaG).
- the water in the liquid is returned to the exhaust heat boiler 14 after being supplied to the vessel 12 or other external device.
- the synthesis gas cooled in the exhaust heat boiler 14 is supplied to the absorption tower 22 of the decarbonation apparatus 20 or the bubble column reactor 30 after the condensed liquid is separated and removed in the gas-liquid separator 18. Is done.
- the absorption tower 22 removes carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas by causing the stored absorption liquid to absorb the carbon dioxide contained in the synthesis gas.
- the absorption liquid containing carbon dioxide gas in the absorption tower 22 is sent to the regeneration tower 24, and the absorption liquid containing carbon dioxide gas is heated by, for example, steam and stripped. To the reformer 12 and reused in the reforming reaction.
- the synthesis gas produced by the synthesis gas generation unit 3 is supplied to the bubble column reactor 30 of the FT synthesis unit 5.
- the synthesis gas supplied to the bubble column reactor 30 is subjected to an FT synthesis reaction by a compressor (not shown) provided in a pipe connecting the decarboxylation device 20 and the bubble column reactor 30.
- the pressure is increased to a suitable pressure (for example, about 3.6 MPaG).
- a part of the synthesis gas from which the carbon dioxide gas is separated by the decarboxylation device 20 is also supplied to the hydrogen separation device 26.
- the hydrogen separator 26 separates the hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas by adsorption and desorption (hydrogen PSA) using the pressure difference as described above.
- the separated hydrogen is subjected to various hydrogen utilization reactions in which a predetermined reaction is performed using hydrogen in the liquid fuel synthesizing system 1 from a gas holder (not shown) or the like via a compressor (not shown). It is continuously supplied to the apparatus (for example, desulfurization reactor 10, wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54, etc.).
- the FT synthesis unit 5 synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas produced by the synthesis gas generation unit 3 by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the synthesis gas from which the carbon dioxide gas has been separated in the decarbonator 20 flows into the bubble column reactor 30 and passes through the catalyst slurry stored in the bubble column reactor 30.
- carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas react with each other by the above-described FT synthesis reaction to generate hydrocarbons.
- water is circulated through the heat transfer tube 32 of the bubble column reactor 30 to remove the reaction heat of the FT synthesis reaction. Become.
- This water vapor is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 34 and separated into condensed water and gas, and the water is returned to the heat transfer pipe 32, and the gas is externally supplied as medium pressure steam (for example, 1.0 to 2.5 MPaG). Supplied to the device.
- the liquid hydrocarbon synthesized in the bubble column reactor 30 is taken out from the center of the bubble column reactor 30 as a slurry containing catalyst particles, and is sent to the separator 36.
- the separator 36 separates the taken slurry into a catalyst (solid content) and a liquid content containing a liquid hydrocarbon product.
- a part of the separated catalyst is returned to the bubble column reactor 30, and the liquid is supplied to the first rectifying column 40.
- unreacted synthesis gas and the generated hydrocarbon gas are introduced into the gas-liquid separator 38.
- the gas-liquid separator 38 cools these gases, separates some of the condensed liquid hydrocarbons, and introduces them into the first fractionator 40.
- a part of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 38 is reintroduced into the bubble column reactor 30, and the unreacted synthesis gas (CO and H 2 ) contained therein is FT synthesized. Reused for reaction. Further, off-gas whose main component is a hydrocarbon gas having a small number of carbon atoms (C 4 or less) that is not a product target is used as a fuel gas, or a fuel equivalent to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is recovered.
- CO and H 2 unreacted synthesis gas contained therein
- the first rectification column 40 uses the FT synthetic hydrocarbon (having various carbon numbers) supplied from the bubble column reactor 30 through the separator 36 and the gas-liquid separator 38 as described above. Fractions (boiling point below about 150 ° C.), middle distillate (boiling point about 150-360 ° C.) and wax fraction (boiling point above about 360 ° C.). Liquid hydrocarbons (mainly C 21 or more) of the wax fraction taken out from the bottom of the first rectifying column 40 are transferred to the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, and the central portion of the first rectifying column 40.
- FT synthetic hydrocarbon having various carbon numbers
- the middle distillate liquid hydrocarbons (mainly C 11 to C 20 ) corresponding to kerosene / light oil taken out from the reactor are transferred to the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52 and taken out from the top of the first fractionator 40.
- the naphtha fraction liquid hydrocarbon (mainly C 5 -C 10 ) is transferred to the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54.
- the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 removes liquid hydrocarbons (generally C 21 or more) of the wax fraction having a large number of carbon atoms extracted from the bottom of the first fractionator 40 from the hydrogen separator 26. Hydrocracking using the supplied hydrogen gas to reduce the carbon number to 20 or less. In this hydrocracking reaction, using a catalyst and heat, the C—C bond of a hydrocarbon having a large number of carbon atoms is cut and converted to a hydrocarbon having a small number of carbon atoms. Further, in the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, there is also a reaction for producing a branched saturated hydrocarbon (isoparaffin) by hydroisomerizing a linear saturated hydrocarbon (normal paraffin) simultaneously with the hydrocracking reaction. proceed.
- liquid hydrocarbons generally C 21 or more
- required as a fuel oil base material of a wax fraction hydrocracking product improves.
- the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol and the olefin hydrogenation reaction also proceed in the raw wax fraction.
- a product containing liquid hydrocarbons hydrocracked by the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 is separated into a gas and a liquid by a gas-liquid separator 56, and the liquid hydrocarbons are separated from the second rectification fraction.
- the gas component (including hydrogen gas) is transferred to the tower 70 and transferred to the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52 and the naphtha distillate hydrotreating reactor 54.
- the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52 is a liquid hydrocarbon of middle distillate corresponding to kerosene / light oil which is fractionated in the first rectifying column 40 and extracted from the center of the middle distillate. (Approximately C 11 to C 20 ) is hydrorefined using the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen separator 26 via the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50. In this hydrorefining reaction, an olefin contained in the liquid hydrocarbon is hydrogenated to produce a saturated hydrocarbon, and an oxygen-containing compound such as an alcohol contained in the liquid hydrocarbon is hydrodeoxygenated. Convert to saturated hydrocarbons and water.
- a hydroisomerization reaction that isomerizes linear saturated hydrocarbons (normal paraffins) and converts them into branched saturated hydrocarbons (isoparaffins) proceeds as a fuel oil of the product oil
- the required low temperature fluidity is improved.
- the hydrorefined liquid hydrocarbon-containing product is separated into a gas and a liquid by the gas-liquid separator 58, and the liquid hydrocarbon is transferred to the second rectifying column 70, where a gas component (including hydrogen gas) is contained. .) Is reused in the hydrogenation reaction.
- the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 fractionates in the first rectifying column 40 and removes liquid hydrocarbons (generally C 10 or less) of the naphtha fraction with a small number of carbons extracted from the top of the column. Hydrorefining is performed using hydrogen gas supplied from the separation device 26 via the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50. As a result, the hydrorefined liquid hydrocarbon-containing product is separated into a gas and a liquid by the gas-liquid separator 60, and the liquid hydrocarbon is transferred to the naphtha stabilizer 72, where the gas component (including hydrogen gas) is contained. .) Is reused in the hydrogenation reaction. In the hydrorefining of this naphtha fraction, mainly hydrogenation of olefins and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols proceed.
- the second fractionator 70 converts the liquid hydrocarbons supplied from the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 and the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52 as described above into hydrocarbons having a C 10 or less (boiling point). Is less than about 150 ° C.), kerosene fraction (boiling point is about 150 to 250 ° C.), light oil fraction (boiling point is about 250 to 360 ° C.), and wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 It fractionates into a cracked wax fraction (boiling point above about 360 ° C.). An undecomposed wax fraction is obtained from the bottom of the second rectification tower 70 and is recycled upstream of the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50. A kerosene and light oil fraction is taken out from the center of the second rectifying tower 70. On the other hand, hydrocarbon gas of C 10 or less is taken out from the top of the second rectifying tower 70 and supplied to the naphtha stabilizer 72.
- the naphtha stabilizer 72 distills C 10 or less hydrocarbons supplied from the top of the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 and the second rectifying column 70 to obtain naphtha (C 5- C 10 ) is obtained. Thereby, high-purity naphtha is taken out from the bottom of the naphtha stabilizer 72.
- offgas carbon number of target products composed mainly of hydrocarbons below predetermined number (C 4 or less) is discharged. This off-gas is used as a fuel gas, or a fuel equivalent to LPG is recovered.
- the process of the liquid fuel synthesis system 1 has been described above.
- This GTL process makes natural gas easy and economical to clean liquid fuels such as high-purity naphtha (C 5 to C 10 ), kerosene (C 11 to C 15 ) and light oil (C 16 to C 20 ).
- liquid fuels such as high-purity naphtha (C 5 to C 10 ), kerosene (C 11 to C 15 ) and light oil (C 16 to C 20 ).
- the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method is adopted in the reformer 12
- carbon dioxide contained in natural gas as a raw material is effectively used, and the FT synthesis is performed.
- a wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, a middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, and a naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 are respectively connected to a pretreatment device 80 and a hydrotreating device 81. Have.
- Each pretreatment device 80 has a pretreatment catalyst 80A.
- the pretreatment catalyst 80A according to the present invention is a methanation represented by a chemical reaction formula (4) for carbon monoxide gas contained in each fraction obtained by fractionation of FT synthesized hydrocarbons in the first fractionator 40.
- the reaction converts to methane gas, thereby suppressing adsorption poisoning of the hydrogenation catalyst 81A by carbon monoxide gas and extending the catalyst life.
- hydrogen gas is supplied to the pretreatment process in order to convert the carbon monoxide gas contained in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon into methane by the methanation reaction.
- the hydrogen gas is preferably supplied in a large excess relative to the carbon monoxide gas.
- the hydrogen gas necessary for the hydrotreatment of the FT synthetic hydrocarbon is supplied to the pretreatment process, and a part of the hydrogen gas is supplied.
- Unreacted hydrogen gas used in the methanation reaction is supplied to the hydroprocessing step together with the pretreated FT synthetic hydrocarbon, and is subjected to the hydroprocessing.
- a hydrogen fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 is supplied from the hydrogen separator 26, and unreacted hydrogen gas in the reactor is separated by a gas-liquid separator 56, and a middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52 and a naphtha fraction are separated. This is supplied to the fraction hydrotreating reactor 54. Further, unreacted hydrogen gas in the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52 and the naphtha distillate hydrotreating reactor 54 is separated in the gas-liquid separators 58 and 60, respectively, and the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50 is obtained. Returned to
- the pretreatment catalyst 80A converts an oxygen-containing compound such as alcohol contained in each fraction into hydrocarbon and water by hydrodeoxygenation reaction as shown in chemical reaction formula (5). Also possible.
- hydrotreating is performed on each fraction containing the oxygen-containing compound without pretreatment, a part of water by-produced in the hydrotreating device 81 is adsorbed on the hydrotreating catalyst 81A, and the catalyst is poisoned. It is thought to be a factor of. Accordingly, the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the oxygen-containing compound is performed in the pretreatment, and the by-product water is sent as gas (steam) to the subsequent hydrotreating device 81, thereby suppressing poisoning of the hydrotreating catalyst 81A. It is thought that it becomes.
- the pretreatment catalyst 80A has at least one selected from Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, and Group 14 of the periodic table on the support.
- the Group 6 metal molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) are preferable.
- the group 7 metal is preferably rhenium (Re). Ruthenium (Ru) is preferred as the Group 8 metal. Cobalt (Co) is preferred as the Group 9 metal. Nickel (Ni) is preferred as the Group 10 metal. Copper (Cu) is preferred as the Group 11 metal.
- the group 14 metal is preferably tin (Sn). Among these metals, Ru, Ni, and Cu are more preferable, and the use of Ru is particularly preferable because the amount of supported metal can be reduced.
- the supported amount of ruthenium is preferably in the range of 0.05% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the pretreatment catalyst, and the supported amount is 0.1% by mass or more. Is more preferable. Further, the supported amount is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less, still more preferably 1.0% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.5% by mass or less. When the amount of ruthenium supported exceeds 10% by mass, the CO 2 methanation coexisting in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon is likely to occur, and the selectivity is lowered and the effect of removing CO becomes insufficient.
- the methanation reaction represented by the reaction formula (4) does not proceed sufficiently, and poisoning due to carbon monoxide gas may not be suppressed.
- Mo, W, Re, and Sn are preferably used together with one or more metals selected from Ru, Ni, Co, and Cu.
- the pretreatment catalyst 80A is configured to convert an oxygen-containing compound such as an alcohol contained in the FT synthetic hydrocarbon into a saturated hydrocarbon and water by hydrodeoxygenation reaction. It is preferable that a noble metal of Group 10 or Group 10 is further supported. Thereby, in the hydrotreating process of FT synthetic hydrocarbon, poisoning of the hydrotreating catalyst due to by-product liquid water can be suppressed.
- the noble metal of Group 9 of the periodic table is preferably rhodium (Rh) or iridium (Ir), and the noble metal of Group 10 is preferably palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). Of these, platinum is preferred because of its high hydrodeoxygenation activity with a small amount of supported metal.
- the supported amount of platinum is preferably in the range of 0.05% by mass to 10.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the pretreatment catalyst, and the supported amount is preferably 0.1% by mass or more. More preferred. Further, the supported amount is more preferably 5.0% by mass or less, further preferably 3.0% by mass or less, and most preferably 1.0% by mass or less. Even if the amount of platinum supported is larger than 10% by mass, it is difficult to further improve the activity of hydrous deoxygenation reaction of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol, which increases the cost. On the other hand, when the supported amount of platinum is less than 0.05% by mass, the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the oxygen-containing compound as shown in the reaction formula (5) may not proceed sufficiently.
- the method for supporting these metals is not particularly limited, and can be supported on a carrier described later by a conventional method such as an impregnation method or an ion exchange method. Moreover, as a compound containing these metals used in carrying
- the carrier constituting the pretreatment catalyst 80A according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alumina, silica, silica alumina, boria, magnesia, and composite oxides thereof. Of these, alumina is preferably used, and ⁇ -alumina is more preferably used.
- the carrier can be produced by molding and firing, and the firing temperature is preferably in the range of 400 to 550 ° C., more preferably in the range of 470 to 530 ° C., and 490 to 530 ° C. More preferably within the range.
- Each pretreatment device 80 is disposed upstream of each hydrotreating device 81 in the flow direction of each fraction.
- Each pretreatment device 80 may be provided integrally in one reactor with respect to each hydrotreating device 81, or each pretreatment device 80 and each hydrotreating treatment as shown in FIG.
- the apparatus 81 may be composed of separate reactors.
- the pretreatment conditions are not particularly limited, but can be performed under the following reaction conditions.
- the hydrogen partial pressure is preferably 0.5 to 12 MPa, and more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 MPa.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is preferably 50 to 1000 NL / L, more preferably 70 to 800 NL / L.
- the pretreatment reaction temperature is preferably 180 to 400 ° C., more preferably 200 to 370 ° C., further preferably 250 to 350 ° C., and still more preferably 280 to 350 ° C.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 400 ° C., it is preferable not only because the number of side reactions that decompose into light components increases and the yield of middle distillate decreases, but the product is colored and its use as a fuel substrate is limited. Absent.
- the reaction temperature is lower than 180 ° C., removal of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol becomes insufficient, which is not preferable.
- Each hydrotreating device 81 is filled with a hydrotreating catalyst 81A.
- the hydrotreating catalyst 81A is appropriately selected so as to suit the purpose of hydrotreating each fraction (hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, hydrorefining), and the catalyst of each hydrotreating apparatus is the same. It may be different or different.
- a hydrocarbon having a large number of carbon atoms In the step of hydrotreating the wax fraction (boiling point exceeds about 360 ° C.) taken out from the bottom of the first rectifying column 40 in the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, a hydrocarbon having a large number of carbon atoms.
- the hydrocracking reaction is mainly performed in which a C—C bond is cleaved to produce a low molecular weight hydrocarbon having a small number of carbon atoms.
- a hydrocracking catalyst described later is used as the hydrotreating catalyst in this case.
- a known fixed bed reactor can be used as the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50.
- the above-described pretreatment catalyst 80A is filled, and the subsequent (downstream) is filled with a predetermined hydrocracking catalyst as the hydrotreating catalyst 81A.
- the wax fraction obtained from the first rectifying column 40 is hydrocracked.
- hydrocracking catalyst examples include a carrier comprising a solid acid and carrying a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table as an active metal.
- crystalline zeolite such as ultra-stabilized Y-type (USY) zeolite, HY zeolite, mordenite and ⁇ zeolite, and amorphous metal oxide having heat resistance such as silica alumina, silica zirconia and alumina boria.
- a carrier containing more than one type of solid acid is a preferred carrier. Further, the carrier is more preferably composed of USY zeolite and one or more solid acids selected from silica alumina, alumina boria and silica zirconia. More preferably, it is configured to include.
- USY zeolite is obtained by ultra-stabilizing Y-type zeolite by hydrothermal treatment and / or acid treatment, and in addition to the fine pore structure of 20 pores or less originally possessed by Y-type zeolite, New pores are formed in the area.
- the average particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the molar ratio of silica / alumina is preferably 10 to 200, more preferably 15 to 100, and 20 It is even more preferable when it is ⁇ 60.
- the carrier is preferably composed of 0.1% by mass to 80% by mass of crystalline zeolite and 0.1% by mass to 60% by mass of amorphous metal oxide having heat resistance. .
- the carrier can be produced by molding a mixture containing the solid acid and the binder and then firing the molded mixture.
- the blending ratio of the solid acid is preferably 1 to 70% by mass, more preferably 2 to 60% by mass based on the total amount of the carrier.
- the blending amount of USY zeolite is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the carrier. More preferred.
- the blending ratio of USY zeolite and alumina boria is preferably 0.03 to 1 in terms of mass ratio.
- the blending ratio of USY zeolite to silica alumina is preferably 0.03 to 1 in terms of mass ratio.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but alumina, silica, silica alumina, titania and magnesia are preferable, and alumina is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder is preferably 20 to 98% by mass, more preferably 30 to 96% by mass based on the total amount of the carrier.
- the firing temperature of the mixture is preferably within the range of 400 to 550 ° C, more preferably within the range of 470 to 530 ° C, and even more preferably within the range of 490 to 530 ° C.
- metals of Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table include Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt. Among these, it is preferable to use a metal selected from Ni, Pd and Pt alone or in combination of two or more.
- metals can be supported on the above-mentioned carrier by a conventional method such as impregnation or ion exchange.
- the amount of metal to be supported is not particularly limited, but the total amount of metals is preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the support.
- the salt, complex, etc. of these metals are used preferably.
- Hydrocracking of the wax fraction can be carried out under the following reaction conditions. That is, the hydrogen partial pressure is 0.5 to 12 MPa, but 1.0 to 5.0 MPa is preferable.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is not particularly limited, but may be 50 to 1000 NL / L, preferably 70 to 800 NL / L.
- the reaction temperature in the hydrocracking is 180 to 400 ° C., preferably 200 to 370 ° C., more preferably 250 to 350 ° C., and still more preferably 280 to 350 ° C.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 400 ° C., it is preferable not only because the number of side reactions that decompose into light components increases and the yield of middle distillate decreases, but the product is colored and its use as a fuel substrate is limited. Absent.
- oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol remain without being removed, which is not preferable.
- the main reactions include hydroisomerization reactions that convert normal paraffins to isoparaffins, and hydrorefining including hydrogenation of olefins and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols. In order to reduce the rate, it is suppressed.
- the hydrotreating catalyst in this case is preferably a hydrorefining catalyst described later.
- a known fixed bed reactor can be used as the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52.
- a predetermined hydrotreating catalyst 81A is filled as the hydrotreating catalyst 81A in the subsequent stage (downstream) after filling the pretreatment catalyst 80A.
- the middle fraction obtained from the rectifying column 40 is hydrorefined.
- hydrorefining catalyst examples include those in which a metal comprising a solid acid is supported on a metal belonging to Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table as a hydrogenation active metal.
- This catalyst has activity for hydrorefining including hydrogenation of olefins and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, and hydroisomerization for converting normal paraffins to isoparaffins.
- a carrier composed of the solid acid a carrier containing one or more kinds of solid acids selected from amorphous metal oxides having heat resistance such as silica alumina, silica zirconia, and alumina boria is preferable.
- a good carrier a carrier containing one or more kinds of solid acids selected from amorphous metal oxides having heat resistance such as silica alumina, silica zirconia, and alumina boria is preferable.
- the carrier can be produced by molding a mixture containing the solid acid and the binder and then firing the mixture.
- the blending ratio of the solid acid is preferably 1 to 70% by mass, more preferably 2 to 60% by mass based on the total amount of the carrier.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but alumina, silica, silica alumina, titania and magnesia are preferable, and alumina is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder is preferably 30 to 99% by mass, and more preferably 40 to 98% by mass based on the total amount of the carrier.
- the firing temperature of the mixture is preferably within the range of 400 to 550 ° C, more preferably within the range of 470 to 530 ° C, and even more preferably within the range of 490 to 530 ° C.
- metals of Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table include Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt. Among these, it is preferable to use a metal selected from Ni, Pd and Pt alone or in combination of two or more.
- metals can be supported on the above-mentioned carrier by a conventional method such as impregnation or ion exchange.
- the amount of metal to be supported is not particularly limited, but the total amount of metals is preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the support.
- the salt, complex, etc. of these metals are used preferably.
- the hydrogenation treatment of the middle distillate can be performed under the following reaction conditions.
- Examples of the hydrogen partial pressure include 0.5 to 12 MPa, and 1.0 to 5.0 MPa is preferable.
- Examples of the liquid space velocity (LHSV) of the middle distillate include 0.1 to 10.0 h-1, with 0.3 to 3.5 h-1 being preferred.
- the hydrogen / oil ratio is not particularly limited, but may be 50 to 1000 NL / L, preferably 70 to 800 NL / L.
- the reaction temperature in hydrorefining includes 180 to 400 ° C., preferably 200 to 370 ° C., more preferably 250 to 350 ° C., and even more preferably 280 to 350 ° C.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 400 ° C., it is preferable not only because the number of side reactions that decompose into light components increases and the yield of middle distillate decreases, but the product is colored and its use as a fuel substrate is limited. Absent.
- oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol remain without being removed, which is not preferable.
- the hydrotreating catalyst in this case, the same catalyst as the hydrotreating catalyst used for the above-described hydrotreating of the middle distillate can be used.
- a known fixed bed reactor can be used as the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54.
- a predetermined hydrotreating catalyst is filled as the hydrotreating catalyst 81A in the subsequent stage (downstream) after filling the pretreatment catalyst 80A described above, and is obtained from the first fractionator 40.
- the naphtha fraction is hydrorefined under the same conditions as the above-mentioned hydrotreating of the middle fraction.
- a part of the naphtha fraction hydrorefined in the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 is preferably recycled upstream of the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54.
- the naphtha fraction contains oxygenated compounds such as olefins and alcohols at relatively high concentrations, and the hydrogenation of these olefins and the hydrodeoxygenation of the oxygenated compounds are reactions with a large exotherm, and only untreated naphtha fractions.
- the naphtha fraction temperature in the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54 may increase excessively. Therefore, a part of the naphtha fraction after the hydrorefining is recycled to dilute the untreated naphtha fraction to prevent the excessive temperature rise.
- LHSV liquid hourly space velocity
- the pretreatment device 80 and the hydrotreatment device 81 are respectively in the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, in the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, and in the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a pretreatment device 80 is provided independently of the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, and the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54. It does not matter as a configuration.
- a pretreatment reactor is provided upstream of the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, and the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54, respectively.
- the FT synthetic hydrocarbon was fractionated into the naphtha fraction, the middle fraction, and the wax fraction, the form which performs a hydrotreatment after performing pre-processing about each fraction was shown.
- the FT synthetic hydrocarbon is fractionated into two fractions, a light fraction combining a naphtha fraction and a middle fraction, and a heavy fraction which is a wax fraction, and each fraction is pretreated. After that, the hydrogenation treatment may be performed.
- the pretreatment device 80 is arranged downstream of the first rectifying column 40, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the pretreatment device 80 may be arranged upstream of the first rectification column 40, and unfractionated FT synthesized hydrocarbons may be pretreated in the pretreatment device 80 composed of one reactor.
- a gas component mainly composed of unreacted hydrogen gas and FT synthetic hydrocarbons among the hydrogen gas supplied to the pretreatment step between the pretreatment step and the first rectification column 40 It is necessary to supply hydrogen gas to the gas-liquid separation step and the hydrotreating step.
- Catalyst A After ⁇ -alumina was molded into a four-leaf mold having a diameter of about 1.6 mm and a length of about 4 mm, the molded body was fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a carrier. This carrier was impregnated with an aqueous ruthenium nitrate solution and an aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution to carry ruthenium and platinum. This was dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours and then calcined in air at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain Catalyst A. The supported amount of ruthenium was 0.1% by mass with respect to the carrier, and the supported amount of platinum was 0.8% by mass with respect to the carrier.
- Catalyst B USY zeolite having an average particle size of 1.1 ⁇ m (silica / alumina molar ratio: 37), silica alumina (silica / alumina molar ratio: 14) and alumina binder were mixed and kneaded at a mass ratio of 3:57:40. After forming into a cylindrical shape having a diameter of about 1.6 mm and a length of about 4 mm, the support was obtained by firing in air at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. This carrier was impregnated with an aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution to carry platinum. This was dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours and then calcined at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain Catalyst B. The supported amount of platinum was 0.8% by mass with respect to the carrier.
- Example 1 Fractionation of FT synthetic hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbon oil (FT synthesized hydrocarbon) obtained by the FT synthesis method (content of hydrocarbons having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher: 84 mass%, content of hydrocarbons having a boiling point of 360 ° C.
- a single fixed bed flow reactor (middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 52) is packed with catalyst A (15 ml) in the previous stage (pretreatment device 80), and catalyst C (150 ml) in the subsequent stage (downstream). (Hydrotreating device 81) and reducing these catalysts at 340 ° C. for 2 hours under a hydrogen stream, the middle fraction obtained above was reacted in the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52.
- the mixture was supplied from the top of the vessel at a rate of 300 ml / h and hydrorefined under the reaction conditions described in Table 1 under a hydrogen stream.
- the catalyst A (15 ml) is charged in the previous stage of a single fixed bed flow reactor (naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54) (pretreatment device 80), and the catalyst C (150 ml) in the subsequent stage (downstream). (Hydrotreating device 81) and reducing these catalysts at 340 ° C. for 2 hours under a hydrogen stream, and then converting the naphtha fraction obtained above into the reaction of the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 54.
- the mixture was supplied from the top of the vessel at a rate of 300 ml / h and hydrorefined under the reaction conditions described in Table 1 under a hydrogen stream.
- Example 2 A fixed bed flow reactor (pretreatment device 80) packed with catalyst A (15 ml) is used for the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 50, middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 52, and naphtha fraction hydrotreating reaction.
- the FT synthetic hydrocarbons were treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the configuration was provided in series upstream of each reactor independently of the reactor 54.
- the pretreatment was performed at a rate of 300 ml / h from the top of the reactor of the pretreatment apparatus 80, and hydrogen was supplied from the top to the fraction at a hydrogen / oil ratio of 169 NL / L was supplied, and the back pressure valve was adjusted so that the inlet pressure of the reactor pressure was constant at 2.0 MPa, and the reaction was performed under the condition of the reaction temperature (SOR) of 320 ° C.
- SOR reaction temperature
- catalyst life evaluation performed the comparison by the relative value (relative life) when the catalyst life of the comparative example 1 was set to 1.0 for every hydrotreating catalyst of each fraction.
- Example 1 and Example 2 provided with the pretreatment step can extend the catalyst life as compared with Comparative Example 1 provided with no pretreatment step.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年3月27日に日本出願された特願2009-080489に基づいて優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、比較的低濃度の一酸化炭素を含む流体から一酸化炭素を除去する方法として、一酸化炭素を含む流体を水素の共存下に触媒に接触させることにより、一酸化炭素をメタンに還元するメタネーション反応が知られている。そして、メタネーション反応に対して有効な触媒として、例えば下記特許文献2に開示される、ルテニウムとルテニウム以外の金属、特に周期表第4B族(第14族)、第6A族(第6族)、第7A族(第7族)及び第8族(第8族~第10族)から選ばれる1種以上の金属が金属酸化物担体に担持されてなる触媒が知られている。
なお、ここで周期表とは、IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(国際純粋応用化学連合))により1989年に規定された長周期型の元素の周期表をいう。また、1989年の規定以前のIUPACの規定による周期表は、亜族を用いた短周期型の周期表であり、前記第6族は第6(VI)A族、前記第7族は第7(VII)A族、第8~10族は第8(VIII)族、第11族は第1(I)B族、第14族は第4(IV)B族とそれぞれ称されていた。
この場合、前処理用触媒にさらに周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属が担持されているため、前処理工程において、FT合成炭化水素中に含まれるアルコール等の含酸素化合物を水素化脱酸素反応によりパラフィン系炭化水素と水に転換することが可能となる。当該前処理工程を施さずに含酸素化合物を含む各留分について水素化処理を行うと、水素化処理において水が副生し、当該副生水は水素化処理触媒の被毒の要因となる可能性がある。そこで、前処理工程において含酸素化合物の水素化脱酸素反応を行い、副生水を気体(水蒸気)として水素化処理を行うことで、水素化処理触媒の被毒が抑制されると考えられる。
この場合、前処理用触媒に担持された周期表の第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族、第11族及び第14族から選ばれる1種以上の金属をルテニウム、ニッケル及び銅から選ばれる1種以上の金属とした。そのため、担持金属量を少なくした場合でも、効率的にメタネーション反応が生起され、FT合成炭化水素中に溶存する一酸化炭素を除去することができる。これらの金属のうち、ルテニウムを選択した場合に、必要なメタネーション活性を維持した状態で、最も担持金属量を少なくすることができる。
この場合、前処理用触媒に担持される周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属を白金としたので、担持金属量を少なくした場合でも、効率的にFT合成炭化水素中に含まれるアルコール等の含酸素化合物の水素化脱酸素反応を行なうことができる。
ルテニウムの担持量が10質量%を超える場合は、共存する二酸化炭素ガスのメタネーション反応が起こりやすくなり、選択性が低下して一酸化炭素ガスの除去効果が不充分となるため好ましくない。一方、ルテニウムの担持量が0.05質量%未満の場合は、一酸化炭素ガスのメタネーション反応が十分に進まず、水素化処理触媒の一酸化炭素ガスによる被毒を抑制できなくなるおそれがあり好ましくない。本発明によれば、前処理用触媒の担体に、触媒全質量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下のルテニウムが担持されている。そのため、これら不具合を回避することができる。
白金の担持量を10質量%より大きくしても上記アルコール等の含酸素化合物の水素化脱酸素反応に対する活性の更なる向上は困難であり、コストが増大するので好ましくない。一方、白金の担持量が0.05質量%未満の場合は上記含酸素化合物の水素化脱酸素反応が十分に進まなくなるおそれがあり好ましくない。本発明によれば、前処理用触媒の担体に、触媒全量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下の白金が担持されている。そのため、これら不具合を回避することができる。
この場合、水素化処理の前にFT合成炭化水素を分留するので、留分ごとに前処理及び水素化処理を行うことができる。
この場合、分留後、FT合成炭化水素を分留して得られる留分ごとに前処理を行うので、留分ごとに最適な前処理を行うことができる。これにより、より効率的に一酸化炭素ガスを除去することができる。
本発明の液体燃料製造システムの奏する効果については、前記の対応する本発明の液体燃料の製造方法と同様であることから、重複を避けるために割愛する。なお、以下のそれぞれの本発明の液体燃料システムについても同様とする。
CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2 ・・・(2)
同図に示すように、ワックス留分水素化分解反応器50、中間留分水素化精製反応器52及びナフサ留分水素化精製反応器54は、それぞれ前処理装置80及び水素化処理装置81を有している。
本発明に係る前処理用触媒80Aは、第1精留塔40におけるFT合成炭化水素の分留で得られた各留分に含まれる一酸化炭素ガスを化学反応式(4)に示すメタネーション反応によりメタンガスに転換し、一酸化炭素ガスによる水素化処理触媒81Aの吸着被毒を抑制し、触媒寿命を延ばすことを可能にする。
第6族の金属としてはモリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)が好ましい。第7族の金属としてはレニウム(Re)が好ましい。第8族の金属としてはルテニウム(Ru)が好ましい。第9族の金属としてはコバルト(Co)が好ましい。第10族の金属としてはニッケル(Ni)が好ましい。第11族の金属としては銅(Cu)が好ましい。第14族の金属としてはスズ(Sn)が好ましい。これらの金属の中でRu、Ni及びCuがより好ましく、さらに、担持金属量を少なくできることからRuの使用が特に好ましい。
また、Mo、W、Re、Snは、Ru、Ni、Co、Cuから選ばれる1種以上の金属と共に用いることが好ましい。
上記実施形態では、前処理装置80、水素化処理装置81が、それぞれワックス留分水素化分解反応器50内、中間留分水素化精製反応器52内及びナフサ留分水素化精製反応器54内に設けられる構成としたが、これに限られることはない。
(触媒A)
γ-アルミナを直径約1.6mm、長さ約4mmの四つ葉型に成型した後、500℃でこの成型体を1時間焼成し担体を得た。この担体に、硝酸ルテニウム水溶液及び塩化白金酸水溶液を含浸し、ルテニウムと白金を担持した。これを120℃で3時間乾燥し、次いで500℃で1時間空気中で焼成することで触媒Aを得た。なお、ルテニウムの担持量は、担体に対して0.1質量%、白金の担持量は、担体に対して0.8質量%であった。
平均粒子径1.1μmのUSYゼオライト(シリカ/アルミナのモル比:37)、シリカアルミナ(シリカ/アルミナのモル比:14)及びアルミナバインダーを質量比3:57:40で混合混練し、これを直径約1.6mm、長さ約4mmの円柱状に成型した後、500℃で1時間空気中で焼成し担体を得た。この担体に、塩化白金酸水溶液を含浸し、白金を担持した。これを120℃で3時間乾燥し、次いで500℃で1時間焼成することで触媒Bを得た。なお、白金の担持量は、担体に対して0.8質量%であった。
シリカアルミナ(シリカ/アルミナのモル比:14)及びアルミナバインダーを質量比60:40で混合混練し、これを直径約1.6mm、長さ約4mmの円柱状に成型した後、500℃で1時間空気中で焼成し担体を得た。この担体に、塩化白金酸水溶液を含浸し、白金を担持した。これを120℃で3時間乾燥し、次いで500℃で1時間焼成することで触媒Cを得た。なお、白金の担持量は、担体に対して0.8質量%であった。
(FT合成炭化水素の分留)
FT合成法により得られた炭化水素油(FT合成炭化水素)(沸点150℃以上の炭化水素の含有量:84質量%、沸点360℃以上の炭化水素の含有量:42質量%、炭素数20~25の炭化水素含有量:25.2質量%、いずれの含有量もFT合成炭化水素全量(炭素数5以上の炭化水素の合計)基準)を第1精留塔40で、ナフサ留分(沸点が約150℃より低い。)と、中間留分(沸点が約150~360℃)と、ワックス留分(沸点が約360℃を超える。)とに分留した。
単一の固定床流通式反応器(ワックス留分水素化分解反応器50)の前段に触媒A(15ml)を充填し(前処理装置80)、その後段(下流側)に触媒B(150ml)を充填し(水素化処理装置81)、水素気流下、340℃にて2時間これらの触媒を還元した後、上記で得られたワックス留分をこのワックス留分水素化分解反応器50の反応器の塔頂より300ml/hの速度で供給して、水素気流下、表1記載の反応条件で水素化分解した。
単一の固定床流通式反応器(中間留分水素化精製反応器52)の前段に触媒A(15ml)を充填し(前処理装置80)、その後段(下流側)に触媒C(150ml)を充填し(水素化処理装置81)、水素気流下、340℃にて2時間これらの触媒を還元した後、上記で得られた中間留分をこの中間留分水素化精製反応器52の反応器の塔頂より300ml/hの速度で供給して、水素気流下、表1記載の反応条件で水素化精製した。
単一の固定床流通式反応器(ナフサ留分水素化精製反応器54)の前段に触媒A(15ml)を充填し(前処理装置80)、その後段(下流側)に触媒C(150ml)を充填し(水素化処理装置81)、水素気流下、340℃にて2時間これらの触媒を還元した後、上記で得られたナフサ留分をこのナフサ留分水素化精製反応器54の反応器の塔頂より300ml/hの速度で供給して、水素気流下、表1記載の反応条件で水素化精製した。
触媒A(15ml)を充填した固定床流通式反応器(前処理装置80)が、前記ワックス留分水素化分解反応器50、中間留分水素化精製反応器52及びナフサ留分水素化精製反応器54とは独立して、それぞれの反応器の上流に直列に設けられている構成とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、FT合成炭化水素の処理を行なった。なお、前処理は表1記載の通り、各留分を前処理装置80の反応器の塔頂より300ml/hの速度で、水素を塔頂より各留分に対して水素/油比169NL/Lで供給し、反応器圧力の入口圧が2.0MPaで一定となるように背圧弁を調節し、反応温度(SOR)320℃の条件で行なった。
前処理装置80を設けない構成とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、FT合成炭化水素の処理を行なった。
各留分の水素化処理において、所定の水素化処理生成油を得るための反応温度が、初期反応温度(SOR)から350℃に達するまでに要する時間を触媒寿命として定義した。
52…中間留分水素化精製反応器
54…ナフサ留分水素化精製反応器
80…前処理装置
80A…前処理用触媒
81…水素化処理装置
81A…水素化処理触媒
Claims (16)
- フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応によって合成ガスから炭化水素を合成し、前記炭化水素を用いて液体燃料を製造する液体燃料の製造方法であって、
担体に周期表の第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族、第11族及び第14族から選ばれる1種以上の金属が担持された前処理用触媒を用いて、水素の存在下で前記炭化水素に前処理を行い、
前記前処理の後に、前記炭化水素に水素化処理触媒を用いて水素化処理を行う液体燃料の製造方法。 - 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、さらに周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属が担持されている請求項1に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記周期表の第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族、第11族及び第14族から選ばれる1種以上の金属が、ルテニウム、ニッケル及び銅から選ばれる1種以上の金属である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属が白金である請求項2又は請求項3に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、触媒全質量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下のルテニウムが担持されている請求項3又は請求項4に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、触媒全量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下の白金が担持されている請求項4又は請求項5に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記水素化処理の前に、前記炭化水素を分留する請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- 前記炭化水素を分留して得られた留分ごとに前記前処理を行う請求項7に記載の液体燃料の製造方法。
- フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応によって合成ガスから炭化水素を合成し、前記炭化水素を用いて液体燃料を製造する液体燃料製造システムであって、
担体に周期表の第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族、第11族及び第14族から選ばれる1種以上の金属が担持された前処理用触媒が充填され、水素ガスの供給ラインが接続された、前記炭化水素に前処理を行う前処理装置と、
前記前処理装置の下流に位置し、水素化処理触媒が充填され、前記前処理装置から流出する前記炭化水素に水素化処理を行う水素化処理装置と、
を備える液体燃料製造システム。 - 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、さらに周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属が担持されている請求項9に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記周期表の第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族、第11族及び第14族から選ばれる1種以上の金属がルテニウム、ニッケル及び銅から選ばれる1種以上の金属である請求項9又は請求項10に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記周期表第9族又は第10族の貴金属が白金である請求項10又は請求項11に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、触媒全量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下のルテニウムが担持されている液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記前処理用触媒の前記担体に、触媒全量に対して0.05質量%以上10.0質量%以下の白金が担持されている請求項12又は請求項13に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記水素化処理装置の上流に設けられ、前記炭化水素を分留する分留装置を更に備える請求項9から請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
- 前記前処理装置は、前記分留装置の下流に、前記炭化水素を分留して得られる留分ごとに設けられている請求項15に記載の液体燃料製造システム。
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WO2012133326A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 独立行政法人石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構 | 灯油基材の製造方法及び灯油基材 |
EA024867B1 (ru) * | 2011-03-31 | 2016-10-31 | Джэпэн Ойл, Гэз Энд Металз Нэшнл Корпорейшн | Способ получения керосинового базового материала и керосиновый базовый материал |
US9725665B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2017-08-08 | Japan Oil, Gas And Metals National Corporation | Kerosene base material production method and kerosene base material |
WO2013147190A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 炭化水素油の脱蝋方法及び潤滑油用基油の製造方法 |
CN104220562A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-17 | 吉坤日矿日石能源株式会社 | 烃油的脱蜡方法及润滑油用基础油的制造方法 |
CN104220562B (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-02-24 | 吉坤日矿日石能源株式会社 | 烃油的脱蜡方法及润滑油用基础油的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2412787A4 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
BRPI1012708A2 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
MY158529A (en) | 2016-10-14 |
CN102361960A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
AU2010228740B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
JP5793417B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
CA2755594A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
BRPI1012708B1 (pt) | 2018-09-18 |
EA020582B1 (ru) | 2014-12-30 |
ZA201106900B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2412787A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
EA201171129A1 (ru) | 2012-03-30 |
CN102361960B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
US20120004329A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
CA2755594C (en) | 2014-02-04 |
AU2010228740A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
JPWO2010109817A1 (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
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