WO2010095609A1 - 散気装置、膜モジュール、膜分離装置、散気方法、及び膜分離方法 - Google Patents
散気装置、膜モジュール、膜分離装置、散気方法、及び膜分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010095609A1 WO2010095609A1 PCT/JP2010/052243 JP2010052243W WO2010095609A1 WO 2010095609 A1 WO2010095609 A1 WO 2010095609A1 JP 2010052243 W JP2010052243 W JP 2010052243W WO 2010095609 A1 WO2010095609 A1 WO 2010095609A1
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge port
- diffuser
- membrane
- air diffuser
- air
- Prior art date
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
- B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
- B01F23/2312—Diffusers
- B01F23/23123—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
- B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
- B01F23/2312—Diffusers
- B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
- B01F23/231264—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being in the form of plates, flat beams, flat membranes or films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
- C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
- C02F3/201—Perforated, resilient plastic diffusers, e.g. membranes, sheets, foils, tubes, hoses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/26—Specific gas distributors or gas intakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/18—Use of gases
- B01D2321/185—Aeration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air diffuser that diffuses air bubbles in a sludge mixed solution, a membrane module that includes the air diffuser, a membrane separation device that includes the membrane module, and air bubbles that diffuse into the sludge mixed solution.
- the present invention relates to an air diffusion method and a membrane separation method using the membrane module.
- bubbles mainly air
- the activated sludge is mixed with activated sludge and wastewater for the purpose of supplying oxygen necessary for the microorganisms in the activated sludge to decompose organic matter in the wastewater.
- Air is diffused in the sludge mixture.
- an apparatus that diffuses air bubbles from below in the activated sludge treatment tank containing the activated sludge mixed liquid is generally used.
- an air diffuser includes a perforated plate having a plurality of through holes and a diffuser disposed so that a discharge port for discharging air bubbles into the activated sludge mixed liquid is positioned below the perforated plate.
- An apparatus is known that includes a trachea and is configured such that the opening direction of the discharge port faces upward (for example, Patent Document 1).
- such an air diffuser has a problem that if the discharge port is small, the bubbles discharged from the discharge port are not sufficiently divided and diffused.
- such an air diffuser has a problem that air bubbles may not be uniformly diffused from each through hole if the distance between the discharge port and the perforated plate is short. When the air is diffused, the distance between the discharge port and the perforated plate becomes very long, and the air diffuser itself is too large to be installed in the sludge separation tank (tank containing the sludge mixture) where air bubbles are to be diffused. There is also a problem that it may be difficult.
- an object of the present invention is to diffuse air bubbles from each through hole substantially uniformly and to reduce the size of a space in which an air diffuser is arranged.
- the present invention is an air diffuser comprising a perforated plate having a plurality of through holes and an air diffuser arranged so that a discharge port for discharging air bubbles in the sludge mixed solution is positioned below the perforated plate.
- the center of the opening surface of the discharge port is located substantially directly below the center of the circle that surrounds and is the smallest circle surrounding the through hole of the perforated plate, and the opening direction of the discharge port is a horizontal direction, a vertically downward direction, and a horizontal direction.
- the discharge port has an inner diameter of 16 mm or more
- the ratio (L / D) of the distance L between the lower surface of the perforated plate and the center of the opening surface of the discharge port to the diameter D of the circle is 0.8 to 1.2. It is in.
- the discharge port is discharged from the discharge port when the opening direction of the discharge port is any one of a horizontal direction, a vertically downward direction, and a direction between the horizontal direction and the vertically downward direction.
- the upward initial velocity of the bubbles is 0 m / s or less, and the bubbles easily diffuse in the horizontal direction for the distance from the discharge port.
- the center of the opening surface of the discharge port is positioned almost directly below the center of the circle that surrounds and is the smallest of the perforations of the perforated plate, horizontal air bubbles should diffuse from the discharge port to the outer through hole.
- the direction distance is relatively short.
- the inner diameter of the discharge port is 16 mm or more
- the ratio (L / D) of the distance L between the lower surface of the porous plate and the center of the opening surface of the discharge port with respect to the diameter D of the circle is 0.8 or more.
- the bubbles discharged from the discharge port are relatively large, and the large bubbles are instantaneously split into small bubbles and diffused, and the bubbles can reach the outermost through hole. Therefore, the bubbles can be diffused from each through hole substantially uniformly.
- the ratio (L / D) of the distance L between the lower surface of the porous plate and the center of the opening surface of the discharge port with respect to the diameter D of the circle is 1.2 or less, the horizontal size of the porous plate is increased.
- the air diffuser having an inner diameter of the discharge port of 16 mm or more is configured such that the opening direction of the discharge port is any one of a horizontal direction, a vertically downward direction, and a direction between the horizontal direction and the vertically downward direction.
- the intrusion of the sludge mixed liquid into the air diffuser is suppressed, and as a result, the air bubbles can be diffused more uniformly from each through hole.
- a skirt portion extending downward is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate.
- an opening is provided at a lower end portion of the skirt portion.
- the sludge of the sludge mixed liquid that can stay inside the air diffuser surrounded by the skirt portion is likely to flow out from the opening, and the sludge stays inside the air diffuser. Since it becomes difficult, as a result, air bubbles can be diffused substantially uniformly from each through hole.
- the present invention resides in a membrane module formed by providing a separation membrane portion formed by a bundle of a plurality of separation membranes on the perforated plate of the air diffuser.
- the present invention resides in a membrane separation apparatus comprising a tank in which a sludge mixed solution is accommodated, and the membrane module is provided as an immersion membrane in the tank.
- the present invention resides in an air diffusion method in which air bubbles are diffused into the sludge mixed liquid by the air diffusion device.
- the present invention resides in a membrane separation method for obtaining purified water by membrane separation of a sludge mixed solution with the membrane module.
- air bubbles can be diffused from each through hole substantially uniformly, and the space in which the diffuser is disposed can be reduced in size.
- FIG. 1 A is a side view of the air diffuser according to the present embodiment, and (b) is a front view of the air diffuser according to the present embodiment. It is side surface sectional drawing of the membrane module which concerns on this embodiment.
- the air diffuser 1 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the air diffuser 1 according to the present embodiment includes a porous plate 2 having a plurality of through holes 2a, and a discharge port 3a for discharging bubbles into the sludge mixed solution below the porous plate 2. And an air diffuser 3 arranged so as to be located at the center.
- the porous plate 2 is configured such that the surface of the porous plate 2 becomes a substantially horizontal surface when placed in the sludge mixed liquid.
- the perforated plate 2 is formed so that the surface has a substantially circular shape.
- a plurality of through holes 2 a of the porous plate 2 are provided in the porous plate 2.
- the shape of the through-hole 2a is formed so that it may become a substantially circular shape.
- the through hole 2a is formed to have a diameter of 5 to 15 mm, preferably 8 to 11 mm.
- the air diffuser 1 according to the present embodiment has an advantage that the through hole 2a is less likely to be blocked by the sludge of the sludge mixed liquid because the diameter of the through hole 2a is 5 mm or more.
- the air diffuser 1 of the present embodiment has an advantage that the diameter of the through hole 2a is 15 mm or less, whereby the bubbles passing through the through hole 2a are reduced and the oxygen dissolution efficiency is easily increased.
- the porous plate 2 is formed such that the axis of the through hole 2a is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the porous plate.
- the perforated plate 2 is formed so that the center of the circle that surrounds the through-hole 2a and is the minimum and the substantially circular center of the perforated plate 2 are substantially concentric.
- the air diffuser 3 is configured such that the discharge port 3a is positioned below the perforated plate 2 when disposed in a sludge mixed solution such as an activated sludge treatment tank or a sludge separation tank. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the air diffuser 3 is formed so that the cross-sectional shape is circular. Further, the air diffuser 3 is provided with a discharge port 3a for discharging bubbles at one end, and the other end is connected to the gas supply means. The discharge port 3 a is formed so as to open in the axial direction of the diffuser tube 3. As shown in FIG.
- the shape of the discharge port 3a is formed to be substantially circular, and its inner diameter R is 16 mm or more, preferably from the viewpoint that the air diffuser itself is more compact. It is formed to be 20 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the inner diameter R of the discharge port 3a is 16 mm or more, large bubbles discharged from the discharge port 3a are instantaneously split into small bubbles and diffused. And the discharge port 3a of the air diffuser 3 can be shortened.
- the air diffusion apparatus 1 of this embodiment can discharge a bubble with a larger diameter when the inner diameter R of the discharge port 3a is 20 mm or more, the bubble can be more reliably diffused.
- the distance between the plate 2 and the discharge port 3a of the air diffusing tube 3 can be further reduced.
- the air diffuser 3 is bent at a position away from the discharge port 3a toward the other end, and a bent portion 3b is formed.
- the bent portion 3b is formed at a predetermined position from the discharge port 3a. Specifically, it is formed at a position where the turbulence of the bubble flow generated in the bent portion 3b can be adjusted before reaching the discharge port 3a. More specifically, when the air diffusing tube 3 is bent at a right angle, the bent portion 3b is, as shown in FIG. 5B, the air diffusing tube 3 on the other end side from the opening end of the discharge port 3a to the bent portion 3b. It is preferable that the distance H to the axis and the inner diameter R of the discharge port 3a have the relationship of the following formula (1).
- the direction of the air diffuser 3 (the opening direction of the discharge port) is directed differently due to the centrifugal force caused by the bending of the air diffuser 3.
- the air diffusing tube 3 is configured to be splittable on the other end side with respect to the discharge port 3a.
- the air diffuser 3 is provided with a connecting portion 3c on the other end side than the bent portion 3b, and on the discharge port side (front end side) and the other end side (base end side) with the connecting portion 3c as a boundary. It is configured to be splittable.
- the air diffuser 3 is configured so that the opening direction of the discharge port 3a is substantially horizontal. Specifically, the air diffuser 3 is configured such that the axis in the opening direction is horizontal when it is disposed in the sludge mixed liquid. The air diffuser 3 is formed so that the opening surface of the discharge port 3a is perpendicular to the horizontal direction when disposed in the sludge mixed liquid. In other words, the opening surface of the discharge port 3 a is formed so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the air diffuser 3.
- the linear velocity of the bubbles at the opening end of the discharge port 3a is preferably 4 m / second or more and 15 m / second or less, more preferably 8 m / second or more and 15 m / second or less, although it depends on the sludge concentration of the sludge mixed liquid. It is set to become.
- the linear velocity is the velocity of bubbles passing through the cross-sectional area of the diffuser tube 3 per unit time, and is calculated by dividing the flow rate of bubbles (volume of bubbles flowing per unit time) by the cross-sectional area of the diffuser tube 3. It is what is done.
- the material for forming the air diffuser 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably formed using a material having rigidity.
- the air diffuser 3 may be formed using a resin material such as polyvinyl chloride, or may be formed using a metal material such as SUS.
- the distance L between the lower surface of the perforated plate 2 and the center of the opening surface of the discharge port 3a is preferably 200 mm or less, more preferably 150 mm or less, from the viewpoint of compactness and energy saving.
- the air diffuser 1 of the present embodiment is configured such that the center of the opening surface of the discharge port 3a is located almost directly below the center of the circle that surrounds the through-hole 2a of the porous plate 2 and is the smallest. It becomes.
- the diameter D of the circle that surrounds the through-hole 2a and is the minimum is preferably not less than the inner diameter of the discharge port 3a, more preferably not less than twice the inner diameter of the discharge port 3a.
- bubbles are uniformly discharged from the entire surface of the porous plate 2 because the diameter D of the circle that surrounds the through-hole 2a and is the minimum is equal to or longer than the inner diameter of the discharge port 3a.
- the air diffuser 1 of this embodiment is provided with a skirt portion 4 extending downward on the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 2.
- the skirt portion 4 is formed to extend from the entire outer periphery of the perforated plate 2.
- the air diffusion device 1 according to the present embodiment is formed so that the lower end of the skirt portion 4 is positioned below the discharge port 3a.
- the skirt portion 4 is provided with a diffuser tube insertion hole 4a into which the diffuser tube 3 can be inserted.
- the air diffuser 1 according to the present embodiment has a skirt opening provided at the lower end of the skirt 4.
- the skirt opening is provided as the air diffuser insertion hole 4a.
- the skirt opening 4a is formed so that bubbles that are not diffused from the through hole 2a and are not leaked from other portions are generated.
- the air diffuser 1 of the present embodiment has a vertical distance between the center of the opening surface of the discharge port 3a and the upper end of the skirt opening. When the center of the surface is below, it is preferably 51 mm or less.
- the air diffusing method of the present embodiment is a method in which air bubbles are diffused into the sludge mixed solution by the air diffusing device 1 of the present embodiment.
- the membrane module 10 according to the present embodiment includes the air diffuser 1 according to the present embodiment, and a plurality of separation membranes are bundled on the upper portion of the porous plate 2 of the air diffuser 1.
- the separation membrane part 20 configured as described above is provided and formed.
- the separation membrane constituting the separation membrane portion 20 is formed by forming a porous membrane in which a large number of micropores are formed into a cylindrical shape, with the lower end portion being closed, on the upper portion of the porous plate 2. It is provided and connected to a suction means (not shown) with its upper end opened.
- the material for forming the separation membrane is not particularly limited, and examples of the material include cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the membrane separation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a tank in which a sludge mixed solution is accommodated, and the membrane module according to the present embodiment is provided as an immersion film in the membrane separation tank as the tank.
- the membrane separation method according to the present embodiment is a method for obtaining purified water by membrane separation of the sludge mixed solution with the membrane module 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the membrane module 10 is placed in a sludge mixed solution in a membrane separation tank containing microorganisms, and waste water containing a treatment target substance such as organic matter is placed in the tank.
- This is a method of supplying purified water by decomposing the substance to be treated in the wastewater by the action of microorganisms and separating the membrane to obtain purified water.
- the waste water is not particularly limited, and examples of the waste water include domestic waste water and factory waste water (food factories, chemical factories, electronic industry factories, pulp factories, etc.).
- the membrane separation method according to the present embodiment can be used even when the MLSS (solid matter concentration) of the sludge mixed solution is 30000 mg / L or less, preferably 20000 to 25000 mg / L.
- the inner diameter of the air diffuser 3 is 16 mm or more, so that the air diffuser 3 is less likely to be blocked by the sludge. It is discharged and air bubbles can be diffused substantially uniformly from the through hole 2a, and the hole of the through hole 2a is less likely to be clogged.
- the gas supplied from the gas supply means is discharged as bubbles from the discharge port 3a, so that the bubbles diffuse in the horizontal direction while rising by buoyancy and reach the porous plate 2.
- the bubbles pass through the through holes 2a of the perforated plate 2 to become finer bubbles, and rise while shaking the separation membrane so as to cover the separation membrane. Thereby, it becomes possible for the bubbles to peel off the adhering matter adhering to the separation membrane and to suppress adhering adhering matter.
- the air diffuser, the membrane module, the membrane separator, and the membrane separation method according to the present embodiment are configured as described above, they have the following advantages.
- the diffuser according to the present embodiment is configured such that the opening direction of the discharge port 3a is downward by being configured so that the opening direction of the discharge port 3a is substantially horizontal. Unlike the above, it is no longer necessary to use a diffusing pipe bent downward, and it is easy to downsize the vertical space in which the diffusing pipe is arranged. Therefore, the space in which the diffusing apparatus is arranged can be further reduced in size. There is an advantage of being able to plan.
- the diffuser, the membrane module, the membrane separator, and the membrane separation method according to this embodiment are not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. is there.
- the said embodiment uses the diffuser 1 with the separation membrane part 20
- this invention is not limited to this, The diffuser 1 is used without using the separation membrane part 20. Also good.
- the air diffuser according to the present embodiment is configured such that the opening direction of the discharge port 3a is substantially horizontal, but the opening direction of the discharge port 3a is vertically downward, and the horizontal direction and vertically downward direction. It may be configured to be in any direction between the two.
- the membrane separation apparatus is provided with a water treatment tank, waste water is transferred to the water treatment tank, and a target substance in the waste water is decomposed by microorganisms in the water treatment tank.
- the supernatant water of the sludge mixture discharged from the tank may be transferred to the membrane separation tank and subjected to membrane separation treatment as a sludge mixture.
- Air diffuser tube An air diffuser tube having the inside diameter of the discharge port described in Table 1 below was used.
- Perforated plate A perforated plate (the number of through holes) in which the diameter D of a circle (hereinafter also referred to as “enclosed circle”) that surrounds and minimizes the through hole (diameter: about 10 mm) of the porous plate is 124 mm. : 24).
- Air diffuser The air diffuser and the perforated plate were arranged as follows to produce an air diffuser.
- the center of the opening surface of the discharge port is located almost directly below the center of the diameter of the surrounding circle, the opening direction of the discharge port is the horizontal direction, and the distance between the lower surface of the perforated plate and the center of the opening surface of the discharge port (Hereinafter, also referred to as “distance between the perforated plate and the discharge port”.)
- Air diffusers of Examples and Comparative Examples were manufactured so that L was as shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 Uniformity of bubbles diffused from each through hole>
- the diffuser of Example and Comparative Example was placed in a tank into which tap water was placed, and the tank was filled with tap water so that the liquid level was located at a position 1000 mm from the upper surface of the perforated plate.
- the gas is supplied to the air diffuser by the gas supply means so that the gas is discharged from the discharge port at a discharge amount of 10 m 3 / h, and the uniformity of the bubbles diffused from each through hole is visually confirmed for 5 minutes. And evaluated.
- the uniformity of bubbles diffused from each through hole was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: Air bubbles were diffused almost uniformly from each through hole.
- ⁇ The amount of bubbles diffused from the outer through-holes was slightly small, but the bubbles were almost uniformly diffused from each through-hole throughout the observation time. ⁇ : The amount of bubbles diffused from the outer through-hole was small. X: Air bubbles were not generated from the outer through-holes.
- Example 2 Difficulty of clogging the diffuser tube>
- the air diffuser of Example and Comparative Example is placed in a tank containing sludge mixed liquid (MLSS: 25000 mg / L), and sludge mixed in the tank so that the liquid level is located at a position of 3000 mm from the upper surface of the perforated plate. Filled with liquid.
- the gas is supplied to the air diffuser by the gas supply means so that the gas is discharged from the discharge port at a discharge rate of 10 m 3 / h, and after operating for two weeks, the difficulty of clogging the air diffuser is visually confirmed. And evaluated.
- the difficulty of clogging the air diffuser was evaluated according to the following criteria. ⁇ : The inside of the air diffuser was not blocked by sludge. ⁇ : The inside of the air diffuser was blocked by sludge.
- the air diffuser of the example was less likely to be clogged as compared with the air diffusers of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 in which the inner diameter of the discharge port was smaller than 16 mm.
- the diffuser of the embodiment is configured to reduce the amount of bubbles diffused from each diffuser. The results showed good uniformity.
- SYMBOLS 1 Air diffuser
- 2 Perforated plate
- 2a Through-hole
- 3 Air diffuser
- 3a Discharge port
- 3b Bending part
- 3c Connection part
- 4 Skirt part
- 4a Air diffuser insertion hole (skirt opening) Part)
- 10 membrane module
- 20 separation membrane part
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記吐出口の開口面の中心が、前記多孔板の貫通孔を囲み且つ最小となる円の中心の略真下に位置し、前記吐出口の開口方向が、水平方向、鉛直下方向、及び水平方向と鉛直下方向との間の方向の何れかの方向となるように構成されてなり、
前記吐出口の内径は、16mm以上であり、
前記円の直径Dに対する前記多孔板の下面と前記吐出口の開口面の中心との距離Lの比(L/D)は、0.8~1.2であることを特徴とする散気装置にある。
また、前記円の直径Dに対する前記多孔板の下面と前記吐出口の開口面の中心との距離Lの比(L/D)が1.2以下であることにより、多孔板の水平方向の大きさの割には散気装置を配置する縦方向の空間の小規模化を図ることができる。
さらに、吐出口の内径が16mm以上である散気管を吐出口の開口方向が、水平方向、鉛直下方向、及び水平方向と鉛直下方向との間の方向の何れかの方向となるように構成されてなることにより、散気管内への汚泥混合液の侵入が抑制され、結果として、より一層各貫通孔から略均一に気泡を散気させることができる。
また、貫通孔2aの形状は、略円形状になるように形成されてなる。
さらに、貫通孔2aは、直径が5~15mm、好ましくは8~11mmとなるように形成されている。
本実施形態の散気装置1は、貫通孔2aの直径が5mm以上であることにより、汚泥混合液の汚泥による貫通孔2aの閉塞が生じ難くなるという利点がある。また、本実施形態の散気装置1は、貫通孔2aの直径が15mm以下であることにより、貫通孔2aを通過する気泡が小さくなり酸素溶解効率が高まりやすくなるという利点がある。
本実施形態の散気装置1は、吐出口3aの内径Rが16mm以上であることにより、吐出口3aから吐出された大きな気泡が瞬間的に小さな気泡に分裂して拡散するため、多孔板2と散気管3の吐出口3aとの距離を縮めることができる。また、本実施形態の散気装置1は、吐出口3aの内径Rが20mm以上であることにより、より大きな径の気泡を吐出することができるため、より確実に気泡を拡散させ得るので、多孔板2と散気管3の吐出口3aとの距離をより一層に縮めることができる。
H ≧ R×3 (1)
該距離Hと該内径Rとが上記式(1)の関係となることにより、散気管3の屈曲による遠心力等によって散気管3の向き(吐出口の開口方向)と異なる向きを向いてしまった気泡が屈曲部3bから吐出口3aの開口端までに移動する間に吐出口の開口方向を向きやすくなるという利点がある。
また、散気管3は、吐出口3aよりも他端側で分割可能に構成されている。具体的には、散気管3は、屈曲部3bよりも他端側に連結部3cを備え、該連結部3cを境に吐出口側(先端側)と他端側(基端側)とに分割可能に構成されている。
尚、多孔板2の下面と前記吐出口3aの開口面の中心との距離Lは、コンパクト化及び省エネルギー化の観点から、200mm以下であることが好ましく、150mm以下であることがより好ましい。
また、本実施形態の散気装置1は、スカート部4がない場合に貫通孔2aから散気されずに他の部分から漏出される気泡が生じないようにスカート開口部4aが形成されてなる。本実施形態の散気装置1は、例えば、多孔板2の径が約124mmである場合には、吐出口3aの開口面の中心とスカート開口部の上端との鉛直方向の距離が、該開口面の中心が下方にある時、51mm以下であることが好ましい。
図6に示すように、本実施形態に係る膜モジュール10は、本実施形態に係る散気装置1を備え、該散気装置1の多孔板2の上部には、複数の分離膜が束となって構成された分離膜部20が設けられて形成されてなる。
本実施形態に係る膜分離装置は、汚泥混合液が収容される槽を備え、該槽たる膜分離槽内には、本実施形態に係る膜モジュールが浸漬膜として設けられてなる装置である。
また、本実施形態に係る膜分離方法は、本実施形態に係る膜モジュール10で、汚泥混合液を膜分離して浄化水を得る方法である。具体的には、本実施形態に係る膜分離方法は、微生物を含む膜分離槽内に前記膜モジュール10を汚泥混合液に浸漬状態で設置し、有機物等の処理対象物質を含む廃水を該槽内に供給して、微生物の作用により廃水中の処理対象物質を分解し、膜分離して浄化水を得る方法である。
(2)多孔板:前記多孔板の貫通孔(直径:約10mm)を囲み且つ最小となる円(以下、「囲み円」ともいう。)の直径Dが124mmとなる多孔板(貫通孔の個数:24個)を用いた。
(3)散気装置
上記散気管及び上記多孔板を以下のように配して散気装置を作製した。
即ち、吐出口の開口面の中心が、囲み円の直径の中心の略真下に位置し、吐出口の開口方向が、水平方向となり、多孔板の下面と吐出口の開口面の中心との距離(以下、「多孔板と吐出口との距離」ともいう。)Lが、下記表1のようになるように、実施例及び比較例の散気装置を作製した。
実施例及び比較例の散気装置を水道水を入れる槽の中に配置し、多孔板の上面から1000mmの位置に液面が位置するように槽内に水道水を満たした。
そして、気体が吐出量10m3/hで吐出口から吐出するように気体供給手段で気体を散気装置に供給し、各貫通孔から散気される気泡の均一性を5分間目視で確認して評価した。
各貫通孔から散気される気泡の均一性は、以下の基準で評価した。
◎: 各貫通孔から常に略均一に気泡が散気した。
○: 外側の貫通孔から散気される気泡の量が若干少ない場合もあったが、観察時間を通してほとんど各貫通孔から略均一に気泡が散気した。
△: 外側の貫通孔から散気される気泡の量が少なかった。
×: 外側の貫通孔から気泡がでなかった。
実施例及び比較例の散気装置を汚泥混合液(MLSS:25000mg/L)を入れる槽の中に配置し、多孔板の上面から3000mmの位置に液面が位置するように槽内に汚泥混合液を満たした。
そして、気体が吐出量10m3/hで吐出口から吐出するように気体供給手段で気体を散気装置に供給し、2週間稼動させた後、散気管の目詰まり難さを目視で確認して評価した。
散気管の目詰まり難さは、以下の基準で評価した。
○: 散気管内が汚泥により閉塞されなかった。
×: 散気管内が汚泥により閉塞された。
Claims (7)
- 複数の貫通孔を有する多孔板と、汚泥混合液中に気泡を吐出する吐出口が前記多孔板の下方に位置するように配された散気管とを備えてなる散気装置であって、
前記吐出口の開口面の中心が、前記多孔板の貫通孔を囲み且つ最小となる円の中心の略真下に位置し、前記吐出口の開口方向が、水平方向、鉛直下方向、及び水平方向と鉛直下方向との間の方向の何れかの方向となるように構成されてなり、
前記吐出口の内径は、16mm以上であり、
前記円の直径Dに対する前記多孔板の下面と前記吐出口の開口面の中心との距離Lの比(L/D)は、0.8~1.2であることを特徴とする散気装置。 - 前記多孔板の外周部に下向きに延びるスカート部が設けられてなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の散気装置。
- 前記スカート部の下端部には、開口部が設けられてなることを特徴とする請求項2記載の散気装置。
- 請求項1~3の何れかに記載の散気装置を備え、該散気装置の多孔板の上部には、複数の分離膜が束になって構成された分離膜部が設けられて形成されてなる膜モジュール。
- 汚泥混合液が収容される槽を備え、該槽内には、請求項4記載の膜モジュールが浸漬膜として設けられてなる膜分離装置。
- 請求項1~3の何れかに記載の散気装置で、汚泥混合液中に気泡を散気させる散気方法。
- 請求項4記載の膜モジュールで、汚泥混合液を膜分離して浄化水を得る膜分離方法。
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