WO2010087058A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010087058A1 WO2010087058A1 PCT/JP2009/067660 JP2009067660W WO2010087058A1 WO 2010087058 A1 WO2010087058 A1 WO 2010087058A1 JP 2009067660 W JP2009067660 W JP 2009067660W WO 2010087058 A1 WO2010087058 A1 WO 2010087058A1
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- liquid crystal
- birefringent layer
- polarizer
- crystal display
- nzq
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/04—Number of plates greater than or equal to 4
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a VA (vertical alignment) mode liquid crystal display device using a circularly polarizing plate.
- VA vertical alignment
- TFT-LCDs TFT-type liquid crystal display devices
- the present invention is not limited to the TFT-LCD and can be applied to all liquid crystal display devices.
- a liquid crystal display device of a simple matrix method, a plasma address method, or the like It is also applicable to.
- the TN mode liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to one substrate is twisted by 90 ° with respect to the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the other substrate.
- an inexpensive manufacturing technique has been established and industrially matured, but it has been difficult to achieve a high contrast ratio.
- VA mode liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy are vertically aligned between mutually opposing substrates.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface, so that the liquid crystal cell hardly exhibits birefringence and optical rotation, and light is not It passes through the liquid crystal cell with almost no change in the polarization state.
- a pair of polarizers linear polarizers
- crossed Nicols polarizer substantially no voltage is applied when no voltage is applied.
- a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage hereinafter simply referred to as voltage application
- the liquid crystal molecules are tilted to be substantially parallel to the substrate, exhibiting high birefringence and realizing white display. Therefore, such a VA mode liquid crystal display device can easily achieve a very high contrast ratio.
- asymmetry occurs in the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device.
- an alignment division type VA mode in which the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules is divided into a plurality of pixels in the pixel, so-called MVA mode (multi-domain type VA mode) is provided. Widely used.
- the axis direction of the polarizer and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied are usually set to form an angle of 45 °.
- the transmittance when the birefringent medium is sandwiched between crossed Nicol polarizers is expressed as follows: sin 2 (2 ⁇ ) where ⁇ (unit: rad) is an angle formed by the polarizer axis and the slow axis of the birefringent medium. This is because it is proportional to
- the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules can be divided into four domains of 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, and 315 °. Even in such an MVA mode divided into four domains, Schliere orientation and orientation in an unintended direction are often observed in the vicinity of the boundary between domains and the orientation control means, resulting in loss of transmittance.
- ⁇ unit: rad
- a VA mode liquid crystal display device using a circularly polarizing plate has been studied (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the transmittance when the birefringent medium is sandwiched between the right and left circularly polarizing plates orthogonal to each other does not depend on the angle formed by the axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the birefringent medium. Therefore, even if the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules is other than 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, and 315 °, the desired transmittance can be secured if the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled.
- a circular protrusion may be arranged at the center of the pixel and the liquid crystal molecules may be tilted in all directions, or tilted in a random direction without controlling the tilt direction at all. May be.
- a VA mode using a circularly polarizing plate is also referred to as a circularly polarized VA mode or a circularly polarized mode.
- a VA mode using a linear polarizing plate is also referred to as a linearly polarized VA mode or a linearly polarized mode.
- the circularly polarizing plate is typically composed of a combination of a linearly polarizing plate and a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- circularly polarized light has the property that the right and left palms are interchanged when reflected by a mirror or the like, for example, when a left circularly polarizing plate is placed on the mirror and light is incident, it passes through the circularly polarizing plate and passes through the left circle.
- the light converted into polarized light is reflected by a mirror to be converted into right circularly polarized light, and the right circularly polarized light cannot pass through the left circularly polarizing plate, so that the circularly polarizing plate eventually has an antireflection optical function. It is known that there is.
- Such an anti-reflection optical function of the circularly polarizing plate can prevent unnecessary reflection when the display device is observed in a bright room environment such as outdoors.
- display such as a VA mode liquid crystal display device is used. It is known that there is an effect of improving the bright room contrast ratio of the apparatus.
- the unnecessary reflection is mainly caused by a transparent electrode existing inside the display device, a metal wiring of the TFT element, or the like. If this unnecessary reflection is not prevented, even if the display device realizes substantially perfect black display in a dark room environment, the amount of light at the time of black display of the display device increases when observed in a bright room environment, As a result, the contrast ratio is lowered.
- the circularly polarized light VA mode using a circularly polarizing plate can obtain a transmittance improvement effect and an unnecessary antireflection effect, but a conventional circularly polarized light VA mode liquid crystal display device has a contrast ratio at an oblique viewing angle. There is room for improvement in that it is low and sufficient viewing angle characteristics cannot be obtained.
- various techniques for improving viewing angle characteristics using a birefringent layer have been proposed. For example, the following method (A) is disclosed in Patent Document 1, the following method (B) is described in Patent Document 2, the following method (C) is described in Patent Document 3, and the following method (D) is described in Non-Patent Document 1. ) Is disclosed.
- (A) A method of using two ⁇ / 4 plates satisfying the relationship of nx>ny> nz.
- C A method in which one or two ⁇ / 2 plates satisfying the relationship of nx>nz> ny are used in the method of (B).
- the inventor has made various studies in order to solve the above-described problems.
- the phase difference of the birefringent layer disposed between a pair of polarizers (first and second polarizers) disposed in a crossed Nicol configuration Focusing on the conditions, a first type birefringent layer satisfying a relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz (satisfying Nz ⁇ 1.0) between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and nx ⁇
- the second birefringent layer that satisfies the relationship of ny ⁇ nz (satisfying Nz ⁇ 0.0), the orthogonality of the first and second polarizers in the front direction is maintained.
- the inventors have found that the orthogonality of the first and second polarizers can be maintained even in the oblique direction, and proposed the following method (E). Further, the birefringent layers of the first and second types are materials having appropriate intrinsic birefringence, unlike the biaxial retardation film controlled to nx> nz> ny (0 ⁇ Nz ⁇ 1). As a result, it has been found that it can be produced by a simple method, and a patent application has already been filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-099526).
- the method using the above (E) preferably uses five or more birefringent layers (retardation films) and there is room for improvement in manufacturing cost. It was.
- the viewing angle characteristics can be improved by optimizing the Nz coefficient (a parameter representing biaxiality) of the two ⁇ / 4 plates, but nx> ny ⁇ nz ( It has been found that there is room for improvement in viewing angle characteristics under design conditions using two general-purpose biaxial ⁇ / 4 plates satisfying the relationship of Nz ⁇ 1.0).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display device that can be easily manufactured at low cost and can realize a high contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle range. To do.
- the inventors of the present invention have made various studies on a liquid crystal display device that can be easily manufactured at low cost and can achieve a high contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle range.
- a pair of polarizers with a crossed Nicol arrangement The phase difference condition of the birefringent layer disposed between the first and second polarizers) was noted.
- Two ⁇ / 4 plates (first and second ⁇ / 4 plates) satisfy a relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz (in this specification, a birefringent layer satisfying a relationship of “nx> ny ⁇ nz”.
- a birefringent layer satisfying the relationship of nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz (in this specification, a “birefringent layer satisfying the relationship of nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz” is defined as a second type of birefringent layer). It has been found that the arrangement can reduce light leakage in a black display state in a wide viewing angle range and realize a high contrast ratio.
- the birefringent layers of the first and second types are materials having appropriate intrinsic birefringence, unlike the biaxial retardation film controlled to nx> nz> ny (0 ⁇ Nz ⁇ 1). It was found that it can be produced by a simple method by using. As a result, the inventors have conceived that the above problems can be solved brilliantly and have reached the present invention.
- a birefringent layer that satisfies the relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz is defined as a first type of birefringent layer
- a birefringent layer that satisfies the relationship of nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz is defined as a second type of birefringent layer.
- a first polarizer a first first birefringent layer whose in-plane retardation is adjusted to ⁇ / 4, a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer between a pair of opposing substrates, the first A second first-type birefringent layer having the same Nz coefficient as the first-type birefringent layer and having an in-plane retardation adjusted to ⁇ / 4; a second-type birefringent layer; A liquid crystal display device having two polarizers in this order, wherein the in-plane slow axis of the first first-type birefringent layer is approximately 45 ° with respect to the absorption axis of the first polarizer.
- the in-plane slow axis of the second first birefringent layer is substantially perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis of the first first birefringent layer, and the second The absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer
- the second birefringent layer is substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis
- the in-plane fast axis is substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are arranged on the substrate surface.
- the “polarizer” is an element having a function of changing natural light into linearly polarized light, and is synonymous with a polarizing plate and a polarizing film.
- the “birefringent layer” is a layer having optical anisotropy and is synonymous with a retardation film, a retardation plate, an optically anisotropic layer, a birefringent medium, and the like.
- the “birefringent layer” has a value of 10 nm or more of either an absolute value of an in-plane retardation R or an absolute value of a thickness direction retardation Rth, which will be described later, from the viewpoint of sufficiently achieving the effects of the present invention.
- first type birefringent layer means a birefringent layer satisfying a relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz
- second type birefringent layer Means a birefringent layer satisfying the relationship of nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz.
- nx and ny represent the main refractive index in the in-plane direction for light having a wavelength of 550 nm
- nz represents the main refractive index in the out-of-plane direction (thickness direction) for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the “ ⁇ / 4 plate” is an optical difference of at least about a quarter wavelength (accurately 137.5 nm, but larger than 115 nm and smaller than 160 nm) with respect to light having a wavelength of at least 550 nm. It is a layer having a directivity, and is synonymous with a ⁇ / 4 retardation film and a ⁇ / 4 retardation plate.
- the “in-plane slow axis (fast axis)” corresponds to the main refractive index ns (nf) when the larger one of the in-plane main refractive indexes nx and ny is redefined as ns and the smaller one as nf. This is the direction of the main dielectric axis (x-axis or y-axis direction).
- the Nz coefficient is calculated in this specification by unifying the average refractive index of each birefringent layer to 1.5 unless otherwise specified. Birefringent layers having an actual average refractive index different from 1.5 are also converted assuming an average refractive index of 1.5. The same treatment is applied to the thickness direction retardation Rth.
- the Nz coefficient of the first first-type birefringent layer and the Nz coefficient of the second first-type birefringent layer are substantially the same” means that the difference in Nz coefficient is 0. It represents a case of less than 1 and is preferably less than 0.05.
- the angle formed between the in-plane slow axis and the absorption axis of the first polarizer may be 40 to 50 °, and particularly preferably 45 °.
- the first first-type birefringent layer is not.
- the in-plane slow axis of the refractive layer and the in-plane slow axis of the second first-type birefringent layer are orthogonal to each other, so that sufficient light leakage in the normal direction to the substrate surface can be prevented. An effect is obtained. On the other hand, in terms of the antireflection function and the improvement in transmittance, a remarkable effect is obtained when the relative angle is 45 °.
- the in-plane slow axis of the second first-type birefringent layer is substantially perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis of the first first-type birefringent layer”.
- the angle formed between the in-plane slow axis of the birefringent layer of the seed and the in-plane slow axis of the first first-type birefringent layer may be 88 to 92 °, particularly preferably 90 °.
- the absorption axis of the second polarizer is substantially perpendicular to the absorption axis of the first polarizer” means that the angle between the absorption axis of the second polarizer and the absorption axis of the first polarizer May be 88 to 92 °, particularly preferably 90 °.
- the in-plane fast axis of the second birefringent layer is substantially perpendicular to the absorption axis of the second polarizer” means that the in-plane fast axis of the second birefringent layer and the second The angle formed with the absorption axis of the polarizer may be 88 to 92 °, particularly preferably 90 °.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes the above-described first polarizer, first first-type birefringent layer, liquid crystal cell, second first-type birefringent layer, second-type birefringent layer, and As long as the second polarizer is provided as a component, it is not particularly limited by other members. From the viewpoint of surely realizing a change in the polarization state of display light in the present invention to be described later, as a preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the first polarizer and the first first-type birefringent layer described above are used.
- a birefringence is provided between the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
- the form which does not contain a refractive medium is mentioned.
- the above-described first polarizer and first type 1 are more preferable as the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device does not include a birefringent medium.
- a birefringent medium may be added to the liquid crystal display device.
- the in-plane retardation is adjusted to ⁇ / 2.
- a plate may be added in the liquid crystal display device.
- the third birefringent layer is provided, first, by adjusting the retardation value of the third birefringent layer, the condition for phase difference compensation at an azimuth of 0 ° can be optimized.
- the conditions for phase difference compensation at 45 ° are optimized without changing the optimization conditions for phase difference compensation at 0 °.
- the birefringent layer of the third type is different from the biaxial retardation film controlled to nx> nz> ny (0 ⁇ Nz ⁇ 1), by using a material having an appropriate intrinsic birefringence, It can be manufactured by a simple method.
- azimuth represents an orientation in a direction parallel to the substrate surface of the liquid crystal cell, takes 0 to 360 °
- polar angle refers to the substrate surface method of the liquid crystal cell. It represents the angle of inclination from the line direction and takes 0 to 90 °.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a third liquid crystal between at least one of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the liquid crystal cell and between the liquid crystal cell and the second ⁇ / 4 plate. It may have at least one kind of birefringent layer.
- the third birefringent layer is particularly preferably used when Nz of the first first birefringent layer and the second first birefringent layer is less than 2.00. .
- the third birefringent layer is preferably disposed adjacent to the liquid crystal cell.
- “adjacent arrangement” means that a birefringent medium is not provided between the third birefringent layer and the liquid crystal cell.
- the third birefringent layer and the liquid crystal cell A form in which an isotropic film is disposed therebetween is also included.
- a plurality of third birefringent layers are provided, at least one of the plurality of third birefringent layers is disposed adjacent to the liquid crystal cell, and the third birefringent layers are arranged between each other.
- a form in which they are arranged adjacent to each other is preferable.
- nx ⁇ ny in the third type of birefringent layer can also be expressed as
- the in-plane retardation R
- ⁇ d is less than 20 nm. It is preferably less than 10 nm.
- the third birefringent layer may be composed of multiple layers or only one layer, and may be located on the inner side of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the second ⁇ / 4 plate ( As long as it is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side) and the sum of the thickness direction retardations is the same, the transmitted light intensity characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are in principle completely the same.
- the liquid crystal display device does not actually have the third birefringent layer, it is considered that the liquid crystal display device has the third birefringent layer virtually having a thickness direction retardation of zero. There is no problem. Therefore, hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, in the present specification, as the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a third birefringent layer is disposed between the second ⁇ / 4 plate and the liquid crystal cell. The description will be simplified by referring only to the liquid crystal display device.
- the polarizer typically include a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film adsorbed and oriented with an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism.
- a protective film such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film is laminated on both sides of the PVA film, and this specification is used unless otherwise specified.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the term “polarizer” refers only to an element having a polarizing function without including a protective film.
- the first and second polarizers in principle, have no characteristic of transmitted light intensity of the liquid crystal display device, regardless of which is a polarizer (a polarizer on the back surface side) or an analyzer (a polarizer on the observation surface side). It will be the same.
- a polarizer a polarizer on the back surface side
- an analyzer a polarizer on the observation surface side
- the liquid crystal cell includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates.
- the liquid crystal cell according to the present invention is a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal cell that performs black display by aligning liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer substantially perpendicularly to a substrate surface.
- the VA mode includes Multi-domain VA (MVA) mode, Continuous Pinwheel Alignment (CPA) mode, Patterned VA (PVA) mode, Biased VA (BVA) mode, Reverse TN (RTN) mode, InPlaneSW -VA) mode and the like are included.
- MVA Multi-domain VA
- CPA Continuous Pinwheel Alignment
- PVA Patterned VA
- BVA Biased VA
- RTN Reverse TN
- InPlaneSW -VA InPlaneSW -VA
- the liquid crystal display device includes a first first-type birefringent layer (first-phase layer) having an in-plane retardation adjusted to ⁇ / 4 between a first polarizer and a second polarizer. ⁇ / 4 plate), a second type birefringent layer (second ⁇ / 4 plate) whose in-plane retardation is adjusted to ⁇ / 4, and a second type birefringent layer.
- first-phase layer having an in-plane retardation adjusted to ⁇ / 4 between a first polarizer and a second polarizer.
- ⁇ / 4 plate a second type birefringent layer
- second ⁇ / 4 plate whose in-plane retardation is adjusted to ⁇ / 4
- a third birefringent layer may be further provided between the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
- a combination of a second ⁇ / 4 plate and a second birefringent layer a combination of a second ⁇ / 4 plate and a third birefringent layer, a first ⁇ / 4 plate and a third type of birefringent layer
- the combination of the birefringent layers is preferably a laminated body laminated without an adhesive.
- Such a laminate can be formed by, for example, a method of laminating with an adhesive simultaneously with extrusion film formation such as a co-extrusion method, or by forming one birefringent layer in the laminate from a polymer film, and liquid crystallinity on the polymer film.
- the other birefringent layer formed of a material or a non-liquid crystal material can be formed by coating or by lamination by transfer.
- the second birefringent layer is often produced by a method in which a non-liquid crystalline material such as polyimide or a liquid crystalline material such as cholesteric liquid crystal is applied.
- a non-liquid crystalline material such as polyimide or a liquid crystalline material such as cholesteric liquid crystal is applied.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate and the third type birefringent layer or the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the third type birefringent layer can be suitably used.
- liquid crystal display device of the present invention light incident on the first polarizer from the front direction is converted into linearly polarized light by the first polarizer, and from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light by the first ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the said description demonstrated that the black display was obtained by tracking the polarization state which changes whenever it permeate
- the birefringent layer and the liquid crystal cell are substantially invalidated because the phase difference is zero in the front direction, and (4) since the first and second polarizers are orthogonal to each other, so-called crossed Nicols. Since the polarizer is configured, a complete black display of the crossed Nicol polarizer can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is the first polarizer for the following three reasons.
- light incident from an oblique direction is not blocked by the second polarizer, so that a complete black display cannot be obtained. That is, the second and third birefringent layers are intended to convert the polarization state only for light incident from an oblique direction and to perform viewing angle compensation.
- the second and third birefringent layers in the present invention can obtain a good black display in an oblique direction while maintaining a good black display in the front direction. Accordingly, a contrast ratio in an oblique direction can be improved, and a liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics can be realized.
- the first polarizer (absorption axis orientation 90 °) 110, the first ⁇ / 4 plate (slow axis orientation 135 °) 120, the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130, the second ⁇ / 4 plate (slow axis azimuth 45 °) 140 and second polarizer (absorption axis azimuth 0 °) 150 are laminated in this order, and does not include the second and third birefringent layers.
- the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 100 having the configuration. In FIG.
- the arrows drawn on the first and second polarizers 110 and 150 indicate the directions of the absorption axes, and the arrows drawn on the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 120 and 140.
- the ellipsoid drawn on the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130 represents the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid.
- first polarizer 110 considering the black display in the front direction, light incident on the first polarizer 110 from the front direction is converted into linearly polarized light by the first polarizer 110 and linearly polarized by the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120. From the circularly polarized light by the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 which is orthogonal to the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and is transmitted through the liquid crystal cell 130 while maintaining the polarization state. The light is converted back to the same linearly polarized light as that immediately after being transmitted through the polarizer 110, and the linearly polarized light is blocked by the second polarizer 150 orthogonal to the first polarizer 110, whereby a good black display is obtained.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes (1) first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 120 and 140 included between the first and second polarizers 110 and 150 in the front direction. Since they are orthogonal to each other and have the same phase difference ( ⁇ / 4), they are invalidated by canceling each other's phase difference, and (2) the first and second polarizers 110, 110, The liquid crystal cell 130 included in the gap 150 is substantially invalidated because the phase difference is zero in the front direction, and (3) the first and second polarizers 110 and 150 are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, since a so-called crossed Nicol polarizer is formed, a complete black display can be obtained.
- the viewing angle inhibition factors (1) to (3) will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- the slow axis 121 of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 In contrast to the slow axis 141 orthogonal to each other, in the oblique direction at the azimuth of 0 °, the slow axis 121 of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and the slow axis 141 of the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 Are not orthogonal to each other, so that the phase difference is not canceled and invalidated.
- FIG. 2A in the front direction (normal direction to the substrate surface), the slow axis 121 of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 In contrast to the slow axis 141 orthogonal to each other, in the oblique direction at the azimuth of 0 °, the slow axis 121 of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and the slow axis 141 of the second ⁇ / 4 plate
- the slow axis 121 of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 and the slow axis 141 of the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 are orthogonal to each other.
- the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 120 and 140 have the same phase difference although the slow axis 121 and the slow axis 141 are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, the mutual phase difference is not canceled.
- the phase difference is determined by birefringence (refractive index difference) ⁇ thickness, but the reason is that the effective birefringence differs between the front direction and the oblique direction, and also depends on the orientation.
- the phase difference of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130 which is zero in the front direction is not zero in any oblique direction. Effective birefringence is zero only in the front direction, and the phase difference is zero.
- the absorption axis 111 of the first polarizer 110 and the absorption axis 151 of the second polarizer 150 are orthogonal to each other.
- the absorption axis 111 of the first polarizer 110 and the absorption axis 151 of the second polarizer 150 are not orthogonal to each other.
- the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 100 with the minimum configuration cannot obtain a complete black display in an oblique direction due to the above three viewing angle obstruction factors (1) to (3).
- a better black display can be obtained even in an oblique direction if these obstacles can be dealt with, that is, optical compensation can be performed.
- the viewing angle improvement techniques (A) to (E) described above actually do this.
- the viewing angle inhibition factors (1) and (2) are observed in a combined manner. Therefore, when optically compensating them, a technique for optimizing the viewing angle inhibition factors (1) and (2) as a whole may be used instead of individual optimization.
- the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device of the present invention is designed to simultaneously optically compensate for the viewing angle obstruction factors (1) to (3) based on the design guideline described in detail below.
- the design guideline of the birefringent layer in the present invention will be described.
- the present inventor has made various studies in order to easily and effectively perform the optical compensation of the viewing angle obstruction factor, and noticed that the necessity for optical compensation differs depending on the orientation. Then, as shown in Table 1 below, it was found that the optical compensation of the polarizer for the viewing angle inhibition factor (3) is unnecessary at the azimuth of 0 °, and the ⁇ / 4 plate for the viewing angle inhibition factor (1) at this orientation. It was found that only the optical compensation of the liquid crystal cell with respect to the optical compensation and the viewing angle inhibiting factor (2) should be performed.
- the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates, the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the liquid crystal cell, and the third type of compound The process of selecting the optimum value of the thickness direction retardation R3 of the refractive layer is called a 1st step.
- the inventor provides a second type birefringent layer satisfying the relationship of nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz between the second ⁇ / 4 plate and the second polarizer.
- the fast axis By arranging the fast axis to be substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer and optimally adjusting the Nz coefficient Nz2 and the in-plane retardation R2, the field of view can be obtained at an azimuth of 45 °. It has been conceived that the angle inhibition factors (1), (2) and (3) can be optically compensated simultaneously and effectively.
- the process of selecting the optimum values of the Nz coefficient Nz2 and the in-plane retardation R2 of the second birefringent layer for the purpose of optical compensation at an azimuth of 45 ° is 2nd. This is called a step.
- the in-plane fast axis of the second birefringent layer added in the 2nd step is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the adjacent second polarizer,
- the optical characteristics in the absorption axis direction that is, in the direction of 0 ° are not changed at all. That is, it is a feature of the optical compensation process of the present invention that the optimization state obtained in the 1st step is still preserved after the 2nd step.
- the design of the birefringent layer is facilitated because the 1st step and the 2nd step can be studied completely independently.
- Poincare sphere The concept of Poincare sphere is widely known in the field of crystal optics and the like as a useful technique for tracking the polarization state changing through the birefringent layer (for example, Hiroshi Takasaki, “Crystal optics”, Morikita Publishing, 1975, p.146-163).
- the effect of the birefringent layer on the Poincare sphere is that the polarization state immediately before passing through the birefringent layer is expressed by the slow axis on the Poincare sphere (more precisely, the natural vibration of two birefringent layers).
- the position of the point on the Poincare sphere representing the slower polarization state.
- the point is converted to a point that has been rotated and moved to the same point (the same is true if the point is rotated clockwise around the fast axis).
- the rotation center and rotation angle when observed from an oblique direction are determined by the slow axis (or fast axis) and the phase difference at the observation angle. Although detailed explanation is omitted, these can be calculated by, for example, solving Fresnel's wavefront normal equation and knowing the vibration direction and wave number vector of the natural vibration mode in the birefringent layer.
- the slow axis when observed from the oblique direction depends on the observation angle and the Nz coefficient, and the phase difference when observed from the oblique direction is the observation angle, the Nz coefficient and the in-plane retardation R (or the thickness direction retardation Rth). ).
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 110 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 150 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. This coincides with the 150 extinction position (absorption axis direction).
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the light passes through the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130, but since the phase difference of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130 is zero in the front direction, the polarization state does not change.
- the second ⁇ / 4 plate 140 represented by the point Q 2 is subjected to rotational conversion at a specific angle around the slow axis, and reaches the point P 2.
- This point P2 coincides with the extinction position E of the second polarizer 150. In this way, the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1 can block light from the backlight when observed from the front direction, and a good black display can be obtained.
- the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1 is inclined by 60 ° from the normal direction at the absorption axis azimuth of the second polarizer 150 of 0 ° (hereinafter also referred to as a pole of 60 °).
- the polarization state every time the light emitted from the backlight passes through the polarizers 110 and 150, the birefringent layers 120 and 140, and the liquid crystal cell 130 is illustrated on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere as shown in FIG. It becomes like this.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 110 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 150 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. This coincides with the 150 extinction position (absorption axis direction).
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 120 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1 cannot block light from the backlight when observed from the azimuth 0 ° pole 60 °.
- the positions of the points P1 to P3 depend on the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 120 and 140 and the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the liquid crystal cell 130.
- the position of each point is roughly shown, and some are not strictly accurate.
- the arrows representing the locus are not shown for the conversion of the points P1 to P3.
- Rlc of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 130 is typically about 320 nm, but is generally adjusted within a range of 270 to 400 nm.
- Rlc may be larger than 320 nm for the purpose of increasing the transmittance.
- the Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 120 and 140 is generally adjusted within a range of 1.0 to 2.9.
- the arrows drawn on the first and second polarizers 210 and 250 indicate the directions of the absorption axes
- the arrows drawn on the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 220 and 240 Represents the direction of the slow axis
- the ellipsoid drawn on the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 and the third birefringent layer 235 represents the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid.
- FIG. 5 shows the polarization state for each transmission through the cell 230 on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 210 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 250 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It corresponds to the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 250.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 220 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the light passes through the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 and the third birefringent layer 235.
- the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 and the third birefringent layer 235 have zero phase difference in the front direction, the polarization state changes. do not do.
- the second ⁇ / 4 plate 240 by passing through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 240, it undergoes rotational transformation of a specific angle around the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate 240 represented by the point Q2, and reaches the point P2.
- the point P2 coincides with the extinction position E of the second polarizer 250.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 5 can block the light from the backlight, as in the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1, and a good black display can be obtained. .
- a polarization state when the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 5 is observed from a direction inclined by 60 ° with respect to the absorption axis direction 0 ° of the second polarizer 210 will be considered.
- the polarization state of the light emitted from the backlight through the polarizers 210 and 250, the birefringent layers 220 and 240, and the liquid crystal cell 230 is illustrated on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere as shown in FIG. It becomes like this.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 210 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 250 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It corresponds to the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 250.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 220 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 5 can block light from the backlight even when observed from an oblique direction with an orientation of 0 ° and a pole of 60 °, as in the case of observation from the front direction. it can.
- the positions of the points P1 to P4 are the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 220 and 240, the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the liquid crystal cell 230, and the third type of compound.
- the position of each point is roughly shown, and some are not strictly accurate. Further, for the sake of clarity, the arrows representing the locus are not shown for the conversion of the points P1 to P4.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 both illustrate the polarization state when the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 5 is observed from a direction inclined by 60 ° with respect to the absorption axis direction 0 ° of the second polarizer 250.
- Rlc of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 is generally adjusted within a range of 270 to 400 nm, and therefore, the Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 220 and 240 is 2.00. If it exceeds, the required retardation R3 of the third birefringent layer 235 becomes substantially zero. That is, the third type birefringent layer 235 is unnecessary.
- the rotation direction is determined by the sign of the thickness direction phase difference, and the rotation angle is determined by the absolute value of the thickness direction phase difference. Therefore, the above two conversions are the same even if considered as direct P1 ⁇ P3 conversion by “total thickness direction retardation Rlc + R3” of “VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 + third type birefringent layer 235”. In other words, as long as Rlc + R3 is the same, the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are the same regardless of the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230. Therefore, in Table 2, the result of having calculated the optimal value of Rlc + R3 by computer simulation was shown. As can be seen from Table 2 and FIG.
- the VA mode liquid crystal cell 230 has a thickness direction retardation Rlc during black display (when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer), and a third type of birefringence.
- Rlc + R3 which is the sum of the thickness direction retardation R3 of the layer 235, is most preferably the optimum value shown in Table 2 and FIG. 10, but it is optimum if it is in a range that does not greatly reduce the contrast ratio at an oblique viewing angle. It may be slightly deviated from the value. From the viewpoint of sufficiently achieving the effects of the present invention, the range of the optimum value ⁇ 30 nm is preferable.
- the orientation (hereinafter, referred to as bisection) of the absorption axis orientation 90 ° of the first polarizer 210 and the absorption axis orientation 0 ° of the second polarizer 250 is bisected. In this case, the observation is made from a direction inclined by 60 °.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 determines the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the liquid crystal cell 230 and the third phase according to the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 220 and 240.
- the optimum value of the thickness direction retardation R3 of the seed birefringent layer 235 is selected, and optical compensation at an azimuth of 0 ° is performed. Under this condition, the polarization state of the light emitted from the backlight through the polarizers 210 and 250, the birefringent layers 220 and 240, and the liquid crystal cell 230 is illustrated on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere as shown in FIG. It becomes like this.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 210 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 250 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It does not coincide with the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 250. In the oblique direction of 45 ° azimuth, the first and second polarizers 210 and 250 are not orthogonal to each other, suggesting that optical compensation is necessary.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 220 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere. Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached. The rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 5 cannot block light from the backlight when observed from an oblique direction of azimuth 45 ° and pole 60 °. That is, the liquid crystal display device 200 that has just finished the 1st step is not optically compensated at the azimuth of 45 °.
- the positions of the points P1 to P4 are the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 220 and 240, the thickness direction retardation Rlc of the liquid crystal cell 230, and the third type birefringent layer 235.
- the position of each point is roughly shown, and some are not strictly accurate. Further, for the sake of clarity, the arrows representing the locus are not shown for the conversion of the points P1 to P4.
- the second type birefringent layer is added to the configuration of FIG.
- the arrows drawn on the first and second polarizers 310 and 350 represent the directions of the absorption axes
- the arrows drawn on the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 320 and 340 Represents the direction of the slow axis
- the arrow drawn on the second type birefringent layer 345 represents the direction of the fast axis
- the VA mode liquid crystal cell 330 and the third type birefringent layer 335 The drawn ellipsoid represents the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid.
- FIG. 12 shows the polarization state at each time on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 310 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 350 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It coincides with the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 350.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 320 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the VA mode liquid crystal cell 330 and the third type birefringent layer 335 are transmitted, but the VA mode liquid crystal cell 330 and the third type birefringent layer 335 have zero phase difference in the front direction, so the polarization state changes. do not do.
- the light passes through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340, undergoes rotational conversion at a specific angle around the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340 represented by the point Q2, and reaches the point P2.
- the second type birefringent layer 345 is transmitted, but the polarization state at the point P2 is specified around the fast axis of the second type birefringent layer 345 represented by the point R2 on the Poincare sphere.
- the polarization state does not change from the point P ⁇ b> 2 even when subjected to the rotational rotation of the angle, and this point P ⁇ b> 2 coincides with the extinction position E of the second polarizer 350.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 12 can block the light from the backlight, as in the case of the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. .
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 310 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 350 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It does not coincide with the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 350.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 320 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340 By passing through the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340, the rotational transformation of a specific angle is performed around the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340 represented by the point Q2, and the point P4 is reached. .
- the second birefringent layer 345 By passing through the second birefringent layer 345, the second birefringent layer 345 represented by the point R2 on the Poincare sphere is subjected to rotational conversion at a specific angle around the fast axis of the second birefringent layer 345.
- P5 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is clockwise as viewed from the point R2 toward the origin O. This point P5 coincides with the extinction position E of the second polarizer 350.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 12 can block light from the backlight even when observed from an oblique direction with an azimuth of 45 ° and a pole of 60 °, as in the case of observation from the
- FIG. 15 shows the polarization state of the light emitted from the backlight through the polarizers 310 and 350, the birefringent layers 320 and 340, and the liquid crystal cell 330 on the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere. It becomes like this.
- the polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizer 310 is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizer 350 represented by the point E, that is, the second polarizer. It coincides with the extinction position (absorption axis direction) of 350.
- the polarization state at the point P0 is specified around the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate 320 represented by the point Q1 on the Poincare sphere.
- Receiving the rotation conversion of the angle, the point P1 is reached.
- the rotation direction at this time is counterclockwise when viewed from the point Q1 toward the origin O.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 12 can block light from the backlight even when observed from an oblique direction with an orientation of 0 ° and a pole of 60 °, as in the case of observation from the front direction. And a good black display can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 12 that has finished the 2nd step blocks light from the backlight in all of the front direction, the oblique direction with the azimuth of 0 °, and the oblique direction with the azimuth of 45 °. And a good black display can be obtained.
- the position of each point is roughly shown, and some are not strictly accurate. Also, for the sake of clarity, the arrows representing the locus are not shown for the conversion of the points P1 to P5.
- the optimum Nz coefficient Nz2 and phase difference value R2 of the second birefringent layer 345 are determined in accordance with the Nz coefficients Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 320 and 340.
- FIG. 16 and 17 both illustrate the polarization state when the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 12 is observed from a direction inclined by 60 ° with respect to the absorption axis azimuth 45 ° of the second polarizer 350.
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the sphere in the S1-S2 plane, in which FIG.
- Nz2 and R2 of the second birefringent layer 345 are most preferably the optimum values shown in Table 3, FIG. 18 and FIG. However, as long as the contrast ratio at an oblique viewing angle is not greatly reduced, it may be slightly deviated from the optimum value.
- Nz2 is preferably in the range of the optimum value ⁇ 0.35.
- R2 is preferably in the range of an optimum value ⁇ 30 nm.
- the optimal value of Nz2 is in the range of 0 ⁇ Nz2 ⁇ 1 in the range of Nzq ⁇ 1.40.
- the birefringent layer exhibiting an Nz coefficient within this range is a biaxial retardation film that satisfies the relationship of nx> nz> ny, and therefore does not correspond to the second type birefringent layer, and the second type birefringent layer. It is a more expensive film that is more difficult to manufacture than layers.
- the present inventor studied a method for realizing a liquid crystal display with a high contrast ratio in a wide viewing angle range at a lower cost and in a simple manner in the range of Nzq ⁇ 1.40.
- liquid crystal display device of the present invention it can be manufactured at low cost and easily, and a high contrast ratio can be realized in a wide viewing angle range.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be suitably used for a display device such as an outdoor signage display.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective exploded view which shows the structure of the circularly polarized light VA mode liquid crystal display device which consists of the simplest structure which does not contain a 2nd type and a 3rd type birefringent layer.
- (A) is a schematic diagram (upper) of the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate orthogonal to each other in the front direction when viewed from the front direction, and the orientation It is a schematic diagram (lower) when it sees from the diagonal direction of 0 degree.
- (B) is a schematic diagram (top) of the slow axis of the first ⁇ / 4 plate and the slow axis of the second ⁇ / 4 plate orthogonal to each other in the front direction when viewed from the front direction, and the orientation It is a schematic diagram (lower) when it sees from a 45 degrees diagonal direction.
- (C) is a schematic diagram (upper) when viewed from the front direction and an oblique direction of 45 ° azimuth with respect to the absorption axis of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the second polarizer orthogonal to each other in the front direction. It is a schematic diagram (bottom) when viewed.
- FIG. 1 is projected onto the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere to show that the polarization state of transmitted light changes as it passes through each member when viewed from the front.
- FIG. With respect to the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device of FIG. 1, when the polarization state of transmitted light changes as it passes through each member when observed from an oblique direction with an azimuth of 0 ° and a pole of 60 °, the S1 ⁇ It is the figure projected and shown on S2 plane. It is a perspective exploded view which shows the structure of the circularly polarized light VA mode liquid crystal display device containing a 3rd type birefringent layer. For the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the polarization state of transmitted light changes each time it passes through each member, as projected from the perspective, projected onto the S1-S2 plane of the Poincare sphere.
- 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates and the optimum value of the Nz coefficient Nz2 of the second birefringent layer for the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device of FIG. is there.
- FIG. 12 the relationship between the Nz coefficient Nzq of the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates and the optimum value of the in-plane retardation R2 of the second birefringent layer was shown. It is a graph. It is a perspective exploded view which shows the structure of the circularly polarized light VA mode liquid crystal display device containing a 2nd type birefringent layer. (A) shows the enlarged schematic diagram of the cross section of a moth-eye film, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the change of the refractive index in the interface of a moth-eye film and an air layer. FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration in which a moth-eye film is added to the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device of FIG. 12.
- the birefringent layer used in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of materials and optical performance, and includes, for example, a stretched polymer film, a fixed liquid crystal material orientation, a thin plate composed of an inorganic material, and the like. Can be used.
- the method for forming the birefringent layer is not particularly limited. In the case of a birefringent layer formed from a polymer film, for example, a solvent cast method, a melt extrusion method, or the like can be used. A method of simultaneously forming a plurality of birefringent layers by a coextrusion method may be used. As long as the desired phase difference is expressed, the film may be unstretched or may be stretched.
- the stretching method is not particularly limited, and stretching is performed under the action of the shrinkage force of the heat-shrinkable film, in addition to the inter-roll tensile stretching method, the inter-roll compression stretching method, the tenter transverse uniaxial stretching method, the oblique stretching method, the longitudinal and transverse biaxial stretching method.
- a special stretching method or the like can be used.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate in order to form a circularly polarizing plate, it is laminated at a relative angle of approximately 45 ° with the polarizer, so that it is obliquely stretched and oriented in an oblique direction with respect to the flow direction of the roll film. It is particularly preferred to use the method.
- a method of applying a liquid crystalline material on a substrate film subjected to an alignment treatment and fixing the alignment can be used.
- a method of not performing a special alignment treatment on the base film a method of removing the base film from the base film and transferring it to another film may be used.
- a method that does not fix the alignment of the liquid crystal material may be used.
- the same formation method as that for a birefringent layer formed from a liquid crystalline material may be used.
- more specific description will be given for each type of birefringent layer.
- First birefringent layer first and second ⁇ / 4 plates
- a film obtained by stretching a film containing a material having a positive intrinsic birefringence as a component can be appropriately used.
- the material having a positive intrinsic birefringence include polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, norbornene, triacetylcellulose, and diacylcellulose.
- the second kind of birefringent layer is a stretched film containing a material having a negative intrinsic birefringence as a component, and a film containing a material having a positive intrinsic birefringence as a component is acting on the shrinkage force of the heat-shrinkable film.
- stretched and processed below can be used suitably.
- a film obtained by stretching a film containing a material having a negative intrinsic birefringence as a component is preferable.
- Examples of the material having a negative intrinsic birefringence include a resin composition containing an acrylic resin and a styrene resin, polystyrene, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyvinyl biphenyl, polyvinyl pyridine, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and an N-substituted maleimide copolymer. , Polycarbonate having a fluorene skeleton, and triacetyl cellulose (particularly those having a low degree of acetylation). Among these, from the viewpoint of optical properties, productivity, and heat resistance, a resin composition containing an acrylic resin and a styrene resin is preferable. A method for producing a film containing such a resin composition as a component is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-2008-146003.
- the third birefringent layer a film containing a material having a positive intrinsic birefringence as a component is subjected to a longitudinal and lateral biaxial stretching process, and a liquid crystal material such as a cholesteric (chiral nematic) liquid crystal or a discotic liquid crystal is applied.
- a material coated with a non-liquid crystalline material containing polyimide, polyamide, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- Polarizer for example, a material obtained by adsorbing and orienting an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film can be appropriately used.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the liquid crystal cell only needs to perform black display by aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer perpendicularly to the substrate surface.
- a display mode of such a liquid crystal cell for example, Multi-domain VA (MVA) mode, Continuous Pinwheel Alignment (CPA) mode, Patterned VA (PVA) mode, Biased VA (BVA) mode, Reverse TN (RTN) mode, In Plana SwitchV (In PlanA SwitchV) Is mentioned.
- the liquid crystal cell may be driven by a simple matrix method (passive matrix method), a plasma address method, or the like.
- a configuration of the liquid crystal cell for example, a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates on which electrodes are formed, and display is performed by applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- the tilt direction was set to be perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis.
- the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 13 and Reference Examples 1 to 22 include a first polarizer 310, a first ⁇ / 4 plate (first birefringent layer). ) 320, a VA mode liquid crystal cell 330, a third birefringent layer 335, a second ⁇ / 4 plate 340, a second birefringent layer 345, and a second polarizer 350 are stacked in this order.
- the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 14 to 18 and Reference Examples 23 to 52 include a first polarizer 410, a first ⁇ / 4 plate (first birefringent layer). ) 420, a VA mode liquid crystal cell 430, a second ⁇ / 4 plate 440, a second type birefringent layer 445, and a second polarizer 450 are laminated in this order to obtain a circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device 400. It is. That is, the liquid crystal display device 400 of FIG. 20 differs from the liquid crystal display device 400 of FIG. 12 in that it does not include the third type birefringent layer.
- FIG. 20 differs from the liquid crystal display device 400 of FIG. 12 in that it does not include the third type birefringent layer.
- the arrows drawn on the first and second polarizers 410 and 450 represent the directions of the absorption axes, and the arrows drawn on the first and second ⁇ / 4 plates 420 and 440.
- the arrow drawn in the second type birefringent layer 445 represents the direction of the fast axis
- the ellipsoid drawn in the VA mode liquid crystal cell 430 has its refractive It represents the shape of a rate ellipsoid.
- the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1 includes a first polarizer, a TAC, a first ⁇ / 4 plate (first type birefringent layer), a VA mode liquid crystal cell, a second ⁇ / 4 plate, a TAC and a first It is a VA mode liquid crystal display device obtained by laminating two polarizers in this order.
- the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 2 includes a first polarizer, TAC, a first ⁇ / 4 plate (first type birefringent layer), a VA mode liquid crystal cell, a third type birefringent layer, a second type
- the material name, axial angle, in-plane retardation R, thickness direction retardation Rth or Rlc, and Nz coefficient are shown in Table 4 below (Examples 1 to 4). 8), Table 5 (Examples 9 to 13), Table 6 (Examples 14 to 18), Table 7 (Reference Examples 1 to 8), Table 8 (Reference Examples 9 to 14), Table 9 (Reference Examples 15 to 22), Table 10 (Reference Examples 23 to 32), Table 11 (Reference Examples 33 to 42), Table 12 (Reference Examples 43 to 52), and Table 13 (Comparative Examples 1 and 2).
- the axis of each birefringent layer is defined by the azimuth angle of the in-plane slow axis, and the axis of the polarizer is defined by the azimuth angle of the absorption axis.
- the in-plane fast axis is important in design, but in the table, the axis of the second type birefringent layer is the in-plane retardation, as with the other birefringent layers. It is defined by the azimuth angle of the phase axis.
- the in-plane fast axis of the second birefringent layer is orthogonal to the in-plane slow axis of the second birefringent layer.
- NB Norbornene
- ChLC Cholesteric liquid crystal
- PI Polyimide
- TAC Triacetyl cellulose A: Resin composition containing acrylic resin and styrene resin
- CR (0, 60) and CR (45, 60) were arranged in the following Tables 4 to 13.
- CR (0, 60) and CR (45, 60) of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 18 according to the present invention are both CR (0, 60) and CR (45, 60) of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the contrast ratio-viewing angle characteristics were much better than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in visual evaluation.
- the CR (0, 60) and CR (45, 60) of the liquid crystal display devices of Reference Examples 1 to 8 and 23 to 32 according to the present invention are both CR (0, 60) and CR ( 45, 60) and higher visual contrast than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in visual evaluation.
- the CR (0, 60) and CR (45, 60) of the liquid crystal display devices of Reference Examples 9 to 22 and 33 to 52 according to the present invention are both CR (0, 60) and CR ( 45, 60) higher values were obtained, in particular CR (0, 60) was very high. Also in visual evaluation, the contrast ratio-viewing angle characteristics were superior to those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the liquid crystal display device of each Example and each reference example is equipped with the circularly-polarizing plate which consists of a combination of a linearly-polarizing plate (polarizer) and (lambda) / 4 board on both sides of a liquid crystal cell, all are circularly-polarized VA. Display in mode.
- the circularly polarized VA mode is effective in improving the contrast ratio because it can obtain an antireflection effect in addition to the transmittance improving effect.
- the antireflection function based on the circularly polarized light VA mode is a liquid crystal display device in which light that is once incident on the liquid crystal display device from the periphery of the liquid crystal display device and reflected in the liquid crystal display device, that is, reflected light by so-called internal reflection is operated by the circularly polarizing plate. The light is not emitted to the outside. Therefore, according to the circularly polarized light VA mode, the light reflected by the surface of the black matrix, wiring, electrodes, etc. in the liquid crystal cell is less likely to be emitted outside the liquid crystal display device, particularly in a bright environment (bright environment). It can prevent that the contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display device falls.
- the reflected light that reduces the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device in a bright environment includes the surface of the liquid crystal display device without entering the liquid crystal display device from the periphery of the liquid crystal display device in addition to the reflected light due to the internal reflection described above.
- the amount of reflected light due to surface reflection significantly affects the visibility of the display screen as a result of the suppression of reflected light due to internal reflection. Therefore, by taking measures to reduce the reflected light due to surface reflection on the circularly polarized VA mode liquid crystal display device, a very high contrast ratio can be obtained in a bright environment, and those who view the display screen have a remarkable display quality. I can feel the improvement.
- the antireflection film used for suppressing surface reflection examples include an antireflection film formed by laminating a plurality of films having different refractive indexes, and an antireflection film having fine protrusions and depressions formed on the surface.
- the “moth eye film”, which is a type of the latter antireflection film has a structure in which many protrusions smaller than the wavelength of visible light (380 to 780 nm) are provided on the surface. It is possible to obtain a very excellent effect in suppressing the above. As shown in FIG. 21 (a), the light incident on the moth-eye film reaches the film base portion 362 through the fine protrusions 361 provided on the surface, and therefore, between the air layer and the film base portion.
- a region where a certain protrusion and an air layer coexist (region between A and B in the figure) has a refractive index of the material constituting the film (about 1.5 in the case of a resin film) and a refractive index of air (1.0). ) And an intermediate refractive index. That is, as shown in FIG. 21B, the refractive index of this region corresponds to the change in the volume ratio of the protrusions and the air layer, and the refractive index of the material constituting the film from the refractive index of the air in contact with the film surface. Up to the refractive index, it gradually increases continuously within a distance shorter than the wavelength of visible light.
- the light incident on the moth-eye film does not recognize the air-film interface as an interface having a different refractive index, and the reflection of light generated at the interface can be greatly suppressed.
- the surface reflectance of visible light can be reduced to about 0.15%.
- the moth-eye film is arranged on an interface having a different refractive index, the effect of reducing the reflectance can be obtained.
- the internal reflection generated inside the second polarizer 350 is the first. It can be suppressed by a circularly polarizing plate comprising a combination of the second polarizer 350 and the second ⁇ / 4 plate 340. Therefore, when a moth-eye film is added to the configuration of FIG. 12, it is arranged closer to the display surface than the second polarizer 350, like the moth-eye film 360 shown in FIG.
- a moth-eye film may be provided for each interface, and at least exposed to the outside of the liquid crystal display device. It is preferable to arrange on the surface to be processed.
- the moth-eye film there is a resin film in which approximately cone-shaped protrusions having a height of about 200 nm are formed on the surface with a distance of about 200 nm between vertices.
- nanoimprint technique As a method for producing a moth-eye film, there is a so-called nanoimprint technique, in which nanometer-sized irregularities (1-1000 ⁇ m) engraved in a mold are pressed against a resin material applied on a substrate to transfer the shape.
- the method for curing the resin material in the nanoimprint technique include a thermal nanoimprint technique and a UV nanoimprint technique.
- UV nanoimprint technology a thin film of ultraviolet curable resin is formed on a transparent substrate, a mold is pressed onto the thin film, and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays, thereby reversing the mold on the transparent substrate. The thin film which has this is formed.
- a thin film having a moth-eye structure can be continuously produced using a mold roll.
- a mold roll is one in which a nanometer-sized depression is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a polished columnar or cylindrical aluminum tube by an anodic oxidation method.
- anodic oxidation method it is possible to form nanometer-sized depressions randomly and almost uniformly on the surface, and the surface of the mold roll has a seamless (seamless) moth eye suitable for continuous production.
- a structure can be formed.
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Abstract
Description
(B)nx>nz>nyの関係を満たすλ/4板を2枚と、nx=ny>nzの関係を満たす第三種の複屈折層を組み合わせて用いる方法。
(C)(B)の方法において、さらにnx>nz>nyの関係を満たすλ/2板を1枚又は2枚組み合わせて用いる方法。
(D)一軸性のλ/4板(nx>ny=nzの関係を満たす所謂Aプレート)を2枚と、nx=ny>nzの関係を満たす第三種の複屈折層と、nx>nz>nyの関係を満たす複屈折層を組み合わせて用いる方法。
はじめに、図1の円偏光VAモード液晶表示装置100を、正面方向から観察した場合の偏光状態について考える。この条件において、バックライト(図1では、図示されていないが、第一の偏光子の下方にある。)から出射した光が各偏光子110,150、各複屈折層120,140、液晶セル130を透過する毎の偏光状態をポアンカレ球のS1-S2平面で図示すると図3のようになる。なお、各偏光状態を表す点は実際にはポアンカレ球面上にあるが、それらをS1-S2平面に投影して図示している。また、偏光状態を表わす点は○で、複屈折層の遅(進)相軸を表わす点は×で図示している。
Rlc+R3=169nm×Nzq-81nm (A)
はじめに、1stステップを終えた図5の液晶表示装置200を、第一の偏光子210の吸収軸方位90°と、第二の偏光子250の吸収軸方位0°を二等分する方位(以下、方位45°と呼ぶこともある)において、60°傾斜した方向から観察した場合を考える。上述したように、1stステップにおいて、液晶表示装置200は、第一及び第二のλ/4板220,240のNz係数Nzqに応じて、液晶セル230の厚み方向位相差Rlc、及び、第三種の複屈折層235の厚み方向位相差R3の最適値が選択され、方位0°における光学補償がなされている。この条件において、バックライトから出射した光が各偏光子210,250、各複屈折層220,240、液晶セル230を透過する毎の偏光状態をポアンカレ球のS1-S2平面で図示すると図11のようになる。
Nz2=-0.63×Nzq2+0.56×Nzq+0.40 (B)
R2=43nm×Nzq2-226nm×Nzq+370nm (C)
本発明に用いられる複屈折層としては、材料や光学的性能について特に限定されず、例えば、ポリマーフィルムを延伸したもの、液晶性材料の配向を固定したもの、無機材料から構成される薄板等を用いることができる。複屈折層の形成方法としては特に限定されない。ポリマーフィルムから形成される複屈折層の場合、例えば溶剤キャスト法、溶融押出し法等を用いることができる。共押出し法により、複数の複屈折層を同時に形成する方法を用いてもよい。所望の位相差が発現しさえすれば、無延伸であってもよいし、延伸が施されてもよい。延伸方法も特に限定されず、ロール間引張り延伸法、ロール間圧縮延伸法、テンター横一軸延伸法、斜め延伸法、縦横二軸延伸法の他、熱収縮性フィルムの収縮力の作用下に延伸を行う特殊延伸法等を用いることができる。特に、λ/4板については、円偏光板を構成するために偏光子と略45°の相対角度を成して積層するため、ロールフィルムの流れ方向に対して斜め方向に延伸配向させる斜め延伸法を用いることが特に好ましい。また、液晶性材料から形成される複屈折層の場合、例えば、配向処理を施した基材フィルムの上に液晶性材料を塗布し、配向固定する方法等を用いることができる。所望の位相差が発現しさえすれば、基材フィルムに特別な配向処理を行わない方法や、配向固定した後、基材フィルムから剥がして別のフィルムに転写加工する方法等であってもよい。さらに、液晶性材料の配向を固定しない方法を用いてもよい。また、非液晶性材料から形成される複屈折層の場合も、液晶性材料から形成される複屈折層と同様の形成方法を用いてもよい。以下、複屈折層の種類別にさらに具体的に説明する。
第一種の複屈折層としては、固有複屈折が正の材料を成分として含むフィルムを延伸加工したもの等を適宜用いることができる。固有複屈折が正の材料としては、例えば、ポリカーボネート、ポリサルフォン、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン、ポリビニルアルコール、ノルボルネン、トリアセチルセルロース、ジアチルセルロース等が挙げられる。
第二種の複屈折層としては、固有複屈折が負の材料を成分として含むフィルムを延伸加工したもの、固有複屈折が正の材料を成分として含むフィルムを熱収縮性フィルムの収縮力の作用下で延伸加工したもの等を適宜用いることができる。なかでも、製造方法の簡便化の観点からは、固有複屈折が負の材料を成分として含むフィルムを延伸加工したものが好ましい。固有複屈折が負の材料としては、例えば、アクリル系樹脂及びスチレン系樹脂を含む樹脂組成物、ポリスチレン、ポリビニルナフタレン、ポリビニルビフェニル、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリメチルアクリレート、N置換マレイミド共重合体、フルオレン骨格を有するポリカーボネート、トリアセチルセルロース(特にアセチル化度の小さいもの)等が挙げられる。なかでも、光学特性、生産性及び耐熱性の観点からは、アクリル系樹脂及びスチレン系樹脂を含む樹脂組成物が好適である。このような樹脂組成物を成分として含むフィルムの製造方法については、例えば、特開2008-146003号公報に開示がある。
第三種の複屈折層としては、固有複屈折が正の材料を成分として含むフィルムを縦横二軸延伸加工したもの、コレステリック(カイラルネマチック)液晶やディスコチック液晶等の液晶性材料を塗布したもの、ポリイミドやポリアミド等を含む非液晶性材料を塗布したもの等を適宜用いることができる。
偏光子としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)フィルムに二色性を有するヨウ素錯体等の異方性材料を吸着配向させたもの等を適宜用いることができる。
液晶セルとしては、液晶層中の液晶分子を基板面に垂直に配向させることで黒表示を行うものでさえあればよく、そのような液晶セルの表示モードとしては、例えば、VAモードには、Multi-domain VA(MVA)モード、Continuous Pinwheel Alignment(CPA)モード、Patterned VA(PVA)モード、Biased VA(BVA)モード、Reverse TN(RTN)モード、In Plane Switching-VA(IPS-VA)モード等が挙げられる。また、液晶セルの駆動形式としては、TFT方式(アクティブマトリクス方式)のほか、単純マトリクス方式(パッシブマトリクス方式)、プラズマアドレス方式等であってもよい。液晶セルの構成としては、例えば、それぞれに電極が形成された一対の基板間に液晶層を狭持し、それぞれの電極間に電圧を印加することで表示を行うものが挙げられる。
デュアル・リターダー・ローテート方式のポーラリメータ(Axometrics社製、商品名:Axo-scan)を用いて測定した。面内位相差Rは複屈折層の法線方向から実測した。主屈折率nx、ny、nz、厚み方向位相差Rth及びNz係数は、複屈折層の法線方向、法線方向から-50°~50°傾斜した各斜め方向から位相差を測定し、公知の屈折率楕円体式のカーブフィッティングにより算出した。傾斜方位は面内遅相軸と直交する方位とした。また、nx、ny、nz、Rxz及びNzは、カーブフィッティングの計算条件として与える平均屈折率=(nx+ny+nz)/3に依存するが、各複屈折層の平均屈折率を1.5に統一して計算した。実際の平均屈折率が1.5と異なる複屈折層についても平均屈折率1.5を想定して換算した。
視野角測定装置(ELDIM社製、商品名:EZContrast160)を用いて測定した。光源にはシャープ社製液晶テレビ(商品名:LC37-GH1)搭載のバックライトを用いた。方位45°、極60°の斜め方向における白表示と黒表示の輝度を測定し、その比をCR(45、60)とした。また、方位0°、極60°の斜め方向における白表示と黒表示の輝度を測定し、その比をCR(0、60)とした。
NB:ノルボルネン
ChLC:コレステリック液晶
PI:ポリイミド
TAC:トリアセチルセルロース
A:アクリル系樹脂及びスチレン系樹脂を含む樹脂組成物
各例の液晶表示装置のコントラスト比-視野角特性を測定し、CR(0、60)及びCR(45、60)を下記の表4~13に整理した。
本発明に係る実施例1~18の液晶表示装置のCR(0、60)及びCR(45、60)は、いずれも比較例1、2のCR(0、60)及びCR(45、60)よりも非常に高い値が得られ、目視評価においても比較例1、2よりも非常に優れたコントラスト比-視野角特性を有していた。
本発明に係る参考例9~22及び33~52の液晶表示装置のCR(0、60)及びCR(45、60)は、いずれも比較例1、2のCR(0、60)及びCR(45、60)よりも高い値が得られ、特にCR(0、60)が非常に高かった。また、目視評価においても比較例1、2よりも優れたコントラスト比-視野角特性を有していた。
110 第一の偏光子
111 第一の偏光子の吸収軸
120 第一のλ/4板
121 第一のλ/4板の遅相軸
130 VAモード液晶セル
140 第二のλ/4板
141 第二のλ/4板の遅相軸
150 第二の偏光子
151 第二の偏光子の吸収軸
200 円偏光VAモード液晶表示装置
210 第一の偏光子
220 第一のλ/4板
230 VAモード液晶セル
235 第三種の複屈折層
240 第二のλ/4板
250 第二の偏光子
300 円偏光VAモード液晶表示装置
310 第一の偏光子
320 第一のλ/4板
330 VAモード液晶セル
335 第三種の複屈折層
340 第二のλ/4板
345 第二種の複屈折層
350 第二の偏光子
400 円偏光VAモード液晶表示装置
410 第一の偏光子
420 第一のλ/4板
430 VAモード液晶セル
440 第二のλ/4板
445 第二種の複屈折層
450 第二の偏光子
Claims (13)
- nx>ny≧nzの関係を満たす複屈折層を第一種の複屈折層、
nx<ny≦nzの関係を満たす複屈折層を第二種の複屈折層、と定義するとき、
第一の偏光子、
面内位相差がλ/4に調整された第一の第一種の複屈折層、
一対の対向する基板間に液晶層を備える液晶セル、
該第一の第一種の複屈折層と略同じNz係数を有し、面内位相差がλ/4に調整された第二の第一種の複屈折層、
第二種の複屈折層、及び、
第二の偏光子
をこの順に有する液晶表示装置であって、
該第一の第一種の複屈折層の面内遅相軸は、該第一の偏光子の吸収軸に対して略45°の角度をなし、
該第二の第一種の複屈折層の面内遅相軸は、該第一の第一種の複屈折層の面内遅相軸に対して略直交し、
該第二の偏光子の吸収軸は、該第一の偏光子の吸収軸に対して略直交し、
該第二種の複屈折層の面内進相軸は、該第二の偏光子の吸収軸に対して略直交し、
液晶層中の液晶分子を基板面に略垂直に配向させることで黒表示を行う
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - nx≒ny≧nzの関係を満たす複屈折層を第三種の複屈折層、と定義するとき、
該第一の第一種の複屈折層と該液晶セルとの間、及び、該液晶セルと該第二の第一種の複屈折層との間の少なくとも一方に、第三種の複屈折層を少なくとも一層有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、
前記液晶セルの黒表示時の厚み方向位相差をRlc、
前記第一の第一種の複屈折層と前記第二の第一種の複屈折層との間に配置された少なくとも一層の第三種の複屈折層の厚み方向位相差の総和をR3、と定義するとき、
下記式(1)~(3)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の液晶表示装置。
1.0≦Nzq≦2.9 (1)
(169nm×Nzq-81nm)-30nm≦Rlc+R3 (2)
Rlc+R3≦(169nm×Nzq-81nm)+30nm (3) - 前記第二種の複屈折層のNz係数をNz2、面内位相差をR2、と定義するとき、
下記式(4)~(7)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の液晶表示装置。
(-0.63×Nzq2+0.56×Nzq+0.40)-0.35≦Nz2 (4)
Nz2≦(-0.63×Nzq2+0.56×Nzq+0.40)+0.35 (5)
(43nm×Nzq2-226nm×Nzq+370nm)-30nm≦R2 (6)
R2≦(43nm×Nzq2-226nm×Nzq+370nm)+30nm (7) - 1.40≦Nzqを満たすことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、と定義するとき、
2.00<Nzqを満たすことを特徴とする、請求項2~5のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、
前記第二種の複屈折層のNz係数をNz2、面内位相差をR2、と定義するとき、
Nzq<1.40を満たし、-0.35≦Nz2≦0を満たし、かつ108nm≦R2≦168nmを満たす、ことを特徴とする、請求項2又は3に記載の液晶表示装置。 - nx≒ny≧nzの関係を満たす複屈折層を第三種の複屈折層、と定義するとき、
該第一の第一種の複屈折層と該液晶セルとの間、及び、該液晶セルと該第二の第一種の複屈折層との間に、第三種の複屈折層を有しないことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、
前記液晶セルの黒表示時の厚み方向位相差をRlc、と定義するとき、
下記式(1)、(8)及び(9)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の液晶表示装置。
1.0≦Nzq≦2.9 (1)
(169nm×Nzq-81nm)-30nm≦Rlc (8)
Rlc≦(169nm×Nzq-81nm)+30nm (9) - 前記第二種の複屈折層のNz係数をNz2、面内位相差をR2、と定義するとき、
下記式(4)~(7)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の液晶表示装置。
(-0.63×Nzq2+0.56×Nzq+0.40)-0.35≦Nz2 (4)
Nz2≦(-0.63×Nzq2+0.56×Nzq+0.40)+0.35 (5)
(43nm×Nzq2-226nm×Nzq+370nm)-30nm≦R2 (6)
R2≦(43nm×Nzq2-226nm×Nzq+370nm)+30nm (7) - 1.40≦Nzqを満たすことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、
前記第二種の複屈折層のNz係数をNz2、面内位相差をR2、と定義するとき、
Nzq<1.40を満たし、-0.35≦Nz2≦0を満たし、かつ108nm≦R2≦168nmを満たす、ことを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記第一及び第二の第一種の複屈折層のNz係数をNzq、と定義するとき、
2.00≦Nzqを満たすことを特徴とする、請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
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JP2010514735A JP4669909B2 (ja) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | 液晶表示装置 |
BRPI0923744A BRPI0923744A2 (pt) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | "dispositivo de display de cristal líquido" |
US12/936,471 US8194212B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | Liquid crystal display device with quarter plates and birefringent layers and liquid crystal having substantially vertical alignments in black state |
EP09839247.5A EP2383604B1 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
CN200980104734.1A CN102246091B (zh) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | 液晶显示装置 |
US13/064,580 US8416377B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2011-04-01 | Liquid crystal display device with birefringent layers |
US13/360,070 US8314908B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2012-01-27 | Liquid crystal display device with quarter plates and birefringent layers and liquid crystal having substantially vertical alignments in black state |
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US12/936,471 A-371-Of-International US8194212B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2009-10-09 | Liquid crystal display device with quarter plates and birefringent layers and liquid crystal having substantially vertical alignments in black state |
US13/064,580 Continuation US8416377B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2011-04-01 | Liquid crystal display device with birefringent layers |
US13/360,070 Division US8314908B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 | 2012-01-27 | Liquid crystal display device with quarter plates and birefringent layers and liquid crystal having substantially vertical alignments in black state |
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EP (1) | EP2383604B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4669909B2 (ja) |
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US20110025966A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
RU2011117146A (ru) | 2012-08-20 |
JP5248546B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
RU2445664C1 (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
RU2460107C1 (ru) | 2012-08-27 |
EP2383604A4 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
US8194212B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
EP2383604B1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
US8416377B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 |
JP2010256900A (ja) | 2010-11-11 |
BRPI0923744A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
CN102246091B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
JP4669909B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
JPWO2010087058A1 (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
US20110181814A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
US20120188492A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
EP2383604A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US8314908B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
CN102246091A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
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