WO2010084786A2 - サイズ剤組成物 - Google Patents
サイズ剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010084786A2 WO2010084786A2 PCT/JP2010/002392 JP2010002392W WO2010084786A2 WO 2010084786 A2 WO2010084786 A2 WO 2010084786A2 JP 2010002392 W JP2010002392 W JP 2010002392W WO 2010084786 A2 WO2010084786 A2 WO 2010084786A2
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- emulsion
- succinic anhydride
- mass
- acid
- alkenyl succinic
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/15—Polycarboxylic acids, e.g. maleic acid
- D21H17/16—Addition products thereof with hydrocarbons
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/17—Ketenes, e.g. ketene dimers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sizing composition, and more particularly to a sizing composition comprising alkenyl succinic anhydride as a main component.
- ASA Alkenyl succinic anhydride
- 2-oxetanone compounds typified by alkyl ketene dimers are also used as sizing agents, but ASA has better sizing immediately after papermaking than 2-oxetanone compounds and has a size effect on waste paper pulp and mechanical pulp. It has excellent characteristics.
- ASA is used as an emulsion emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- ASA is an oily substance at room temperature or in a heated state, it can be emulsified by a conventionally known emulsification method using an emulsifying dispersant and a high-speed stirrer (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- an emulsifying dispersant for emulsifying ASA for example, a method using a cationized starch paste (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2), a method using a vinyl-based or (meth) acrylamide-based cationic polymer (for example, , Patent Documents 3 and 4), a method using grafted cationized starch obtained by graft polymerization of monomers containing (meth) acrylamide onto cationized starch (for example, see Patent Document 5), and using an amphoteric acrylamide polymer. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 6 and 7).
- ASA is prone to hydrolysis due to contact with moisture, and not only the size effect on paper is reduced, but also the ASA hydrolyzate causes soiling in the papermaking process. It was easy to become and was not yet satisfactory.
- the size of the hydrophobic sizing agent includes not only AKD ( ⁇ : alkyl ketene dimer) but also other sizing agents suitable for improving water repellency such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA).
- Patent Document 11 discloses a paper sizing agent containing a specific cationic starch, a liquid 2-oxetanone compound, ASA, and water (see claim 1 of Patent Document 11). .
- the cationic starch in the paper sizing agent described in Patent Document 11 is effective as an emulsifier and a retention aid (see page 12 of Patent Document 11).
- the sizing agent described in Patent Document 12 is not sufficient for solving the problems of the above-mentioned ASA with regard to a technique for improving a sizing agent mainly composed of a 2-oxetanone compound.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sizing agent composition having excellent water resistance, excellent emulsion stability, and hardly causing dirt during use.
- the present inventors have mixed water with a specific ratio of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a 2-oxetanone compound synthesized from a fatty acid having a specific composition, thereby providing excellent water resistance and stability of the emulsion.
- the inventors have found that a sizing composition excellent in the above can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- the means for solving the problem is ⁇ 1> An emulsion obtained by emulsifying a mixture containing 60 to 95% by mass of an alkenyl succinic anhydride which is liquid at 25 ° C. and 5 to 40% by mass of a 2-oxetanone compound which is liquid at 25 ° C.
- a sizing composition characterized by ⁇ 2> A 2-oxetanone compound is obtained using a fatty acid mixture containing 8 to 20% by mass of fatty acids having 8 to 10 carbon atoms and 92 to 80% by mass of fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms as a raw material.
- sizing composition according to the above ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 3> The sizing composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the 2-oxetanone compound is obtained using a fatty acid mixture having an unsaturated fatty acid content of 2% by mass or less as a raw material.
- ⁇ 4> In any one of the above items ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the alkenyl succinic anhydride is an addition reaction product of an olefin having 16 to 24 carbon atoms including an internal isomerized olefin and maleic anhydride
- the sizing composition according to any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, which is an emulsion of a mixture containing 1 to 5 parts by mass of a surfactant, ⁇ 6> The sizing composition according to ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein an average particle size of the dispersoid in the emulsion is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention can provide a sizing composition that is excellent in water resistance, excellent in dispersion stability of an emulsion, and hardly causes stains during use.
- the alkenyl succinic anhydride may be liquid at 25 ° C., but is preferably an addition reaction product of an olefin having 16 to 24 carbon atoms including internal isomerized olefin and maleic anhydride.
- the internal isomerized olefin is not an ⁇ -olefin (the olefin in which the double bond is located at the position connecting the first and second carbons of the olefin), but the double bond is more carbon than the ⁇ -position by some method.
- the position of the carbon where the double bond is formed is not a problem to achieve the object of the invention. Don't be.
- a mixture containing a plurality of types of internally isomerized alkenyl succinic anhydrides formed by reacting a plurality of types of ⁇ -olefins with succinic anhydride is also suitable as a suitable internal isomerized alkenyl succinate. It can be employed as an acid anhydride.
- the olefin has 16 or more and 24 or less carbon atoms
- the sizing composition is excellent in sizing effect on paper.
- alkenyl succinic anhydride which is an addition reaction product of an olefin containing an internal isomerized olefin and maleic anhydride, makes ASA difficult to hydrolyze. This is preferable because the decrease is reduced.
- the presence of a double bond inside the ⁇ -position of the olefin is 5.4 ppm in 1 H-NMR analysis of the olefin. This can be confirmed by the presence of a peak derived from an internal isomerized olefin in the vicinity. Conversely, when ⁇ -olefin is contained, it can be confirmed by the presence of ⁇ -olefin-derived peaks in the vicinity of 5.0 ppm and 5.8 ppm in the analysis by 1 H-NMR of the olefin. It is also possible to determine the ratio of ⁇ -olefin and internal isomerized olefin based on the integrated value of the peak.
- the internal isomerized olefin can be synthesized by an ordinary organic synthesis method, and can be obtained, for example, by internal isomerization of an ⁇ -olefin using a silica / alumina catalyst.
- Internally isomerized olefin obtained by internal isomerization of ⁇ -olefin by a general organic synthesis method is a mixture of internal olefins in which double bond positions are formed at various positions such as the 2nd and 3rd positions of the carbon chain.
- the position of the specific double bond of the internal olefin is not specified.
- each internal olefin may not be specified, and an ⁇ -olefin may be included as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the allowable ⁇ -olefin content is 10% by mass or less.
- alkenyl succinic anhydride As a method for obtaining alkenyl succinic anhydride by adding maleic anhydride to the olefin, a conventional organic synthesis method can be applied.
- alkenyl succinic anhydride can be obtained by gradually adding maleic anhydride to an olefin heated to 210 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and stirring for 6 to 10 hours.
- the 2-oxetanone compound used in the present invention may be liquid at 25 ° C. under normal pressure.
- 2-Oxetanone compounds that do not become liquid at 25 ° C under normal pressure need to be heated and stirred for a long time in order to mix with ASA.
- the problems of the present invention cannot be achieved due to disadvantages that the oxetanone compound is likely to precipitate as a solid, or that the emulsion of the mixture with ASA tends to be unstable and causes aggregation or separation.
- Preferred 2-oxetane compounds include saturated monocarboxylic acids having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, saturated dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 44 carbon atoms, and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 44 carbon atoms.
- a 2-oxetanone compound mixture which is liquid at 25 ° C. under normal pressure.
- an alkenyl ketene dimer produced from a fatty acid containing an unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid or linoleic acid an alkyl ketene dimer produced from a fatty acid containing a branched fatty acid such as isostearic acid, and a C8 fatty acid and carbon It is produced using a fatty acid that is a fatty acid mixture of 8 to 20% by mass of several tens of fatty acids, 92 to 80% by mass of fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and 2% by mass or less of unsaturated fatty acids.
- 2-oxetanone compound which is liquid at 25 ° C. under normal pressure.
- the raw material include caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, pelargonic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, pentadecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid as saturated monocarboxylic acid, Nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, and behenic acid, and mixtures thereof may be mentioned, and oleic acid, linoleic acid, dodecenoic acid, tetradecenoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecadiene as unsaturated monocarboxylic acids Acid, octadecatrienoic acid, eicosenoic acid, engineered icosatetraenoic acid, docosenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the fatty acids having 8 and 10 carbon atoms are 8 to 20% by mass, carbon Fatty acid mixture in which the number of fatty acids of 12 to 18 is 92 to 80% by mass It is things, is liquid at 25 ° C., also preferable because of excellent size properties.
- caprylic acid carbon number 8
- capric acid carbon number 10
- lauric acid carbon number 12
- myristic acid carbon number 14
- palmitic acid carbon number 16
- It is preferably composed of fatty acids such as stearic acid (18 carbon atoms), oleic acid (18 carbon atoms), linoleic acid (18 carbon atoms), and contains 50 to 80% by mass of lauric acid and myristic acid.
- fatty acids having 8 and 10 carbon atoms 8 to 20% by mass of fatty acids having 8 and 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 10% by mass of fatty acids having 8 carbons, 3 to 12% by mass of fatty acids having 10 carbons, 12 and carbons of carbon
- the number 14 fatty acid is 54 to 78% by mass
- the number of carbon atoms 16 and 18 is 6 to 37% by mass.
- the reaction of hydrogenating the raw material containing unsaturated rubonic acid is a reduction reaction using a general hydrogen gas as a reducing agent, and is usually mainly nickel, copper chromium monoxide, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, platinum, etc.
- Metal fine powders or those obtained by adsorbing them on an insoluble carrier such as activated carbon, alumina, diatomaceous earth, etc. can be carried out by a general method using a catalyst.
- the 2-oxetanone compound can be synthesized by a conventional organic synthesis method using the above-mentioned raw materials, and some of them can be easily obtained as a commercial product.
- stearyl ketene dimer can be obtained by reacting stearic acid with a chlorinating agent such as phosgene, phosphorus trichloride, thionyl chloride to stearic acid chloride, then dehydrochlorinating with triethylamine, and then removing triethylamine hydrochloride.
- the preferred 2-oxetanone compound in the present invention is a mixture of several 2-oxetanone compounds because it can be reacted with a fatty acid mixture as described above.
- the unsaturated fatty acid ratio within 2% by mass can prevent double bond oxidation, and the storage stability, dispersion stability, and This is preferable because it contributes to size performance.
- an improvement in size effect can be achieved. Stability improvement and dirt reduction effect can be obtained.
- the amount of 2-oxetanone compound is larger than the above range, the size effect is inferior to that of the case of alkenyl succinic acid alone. This is not preferable.
- the 2-oxetanone compound and alkenyl succinic anhydride in the present invention are excellent in compatibility with each other and can be mixed under any temperature condition as long as both are liquid, but it is preferable to mix by heating at 100 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., there is a risk of discoloration due to alteration due to heat or a decrease in the effect as a sizing agent.
- moisture such as dry air, nitrogen, argon, etc. is used. It is preferable to mix in the atmosphere which does not contain.
- the sizing composition according to the present invention has an effect that the succinic anhydride and the 2-oxetanone compound are superior in size performance to each of them alone. This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect of improving the hydrophobicity when both molecules are mixed and oriented in addition to the effect of inhibiting hydrolysis of the alkenyl succinic acid.
- the sizing agent composition of the present invention is liquid at room temperature, it can be applied as it is, or it can be dissolved in a solvent such as toluene and applied as a varnish, but it can be used as an aqueous dispersion for workability.
- the aqueous dispersion can be prepared by emulsifying and dispersing by a known emulsification method using a surfactant or various aqueous polymer dispersants.
- the aqueous dispersion is prepared for the purpose of minimizing performance degradation due to hydrolysis of alkenyl succinic anhydride, and is dispersed immediately before use, or continuously sent to an emulsifier by a pump to prepare an aqueous dispersion. It is preferable to use them continuously.
- the present invention it is preferable to emulsify a mixture obtained by further mixing a surfactant with a mixture of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a 2-oxetanone compound, because it improves emulsifiability and stains hardly adhere to papermaking tools.
- the amount of surfactant added to the mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2-oxetanone compound (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as a surfactant for mixing) is alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2 -0.01 to 10 parts by mass is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass in total with the oxetanone compound, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass.
- the mixture easily absorbs moisture in the air when storing the mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2-oxetanone compound and surfactant. Hydrolysis may be accelerated, and the alkenyl succinic acid that is a hydrolyzate may cause soiling of the papermaking tool and decrease in size performance. If the amount of the surfactant for mixing is too small, the above-mentioned advantages due to mixing may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- cationic surfactants As the mixing surfactant, conventionally known cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, anionic surfactants or nonionic surfactants can be used. These may use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.
- Examples of the cationic surfactant include a long-chain alkylamine salt, a modified amine salt, a tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a trialkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium salt, an alkylpyridinium salt, an alkylquinolium salt, and an alkylsulfonium salt. It is done.
- amphoteric surfactant examples include various betaine surfactants.
- anionic surfactant examples include alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene aralkyl aryl sulfates. And alkyl-aryl sulfonates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphate salts, and various sulfosuccinate ester surfactants.
- nonionic surfactant examples include fatty acid sorbitan ester and its polyalkylene oxide adduct, fatty acid polyglycol ester, various polyalkylene oxide type nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide, polyoxy Ethylene aliphatic amine, polyoxyethylene aliphatic mercaptan, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene aralkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenol ether phosphate ester, etc.) .
- anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are preferable, and specifically, sulfosuccinic acid dialkyl sodium salt or polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate ester is preferable.
- the mixing surfactant may be mixed at the same time when the alkenyl succinic anhydride and the 2-oxetanone compound are mixed, or may be continuously mixed into the mixture of the alkenyl succinic anhydride and the 2-oxetanone compound immediately before emulsification. However, it is preferably mixed in advance with a mixture of an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a 2-oxetanone compound.
- a dispersion of a sizing composition is prepared from an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a 2-oxetanone compound used in the present invention, a surfactant used as necessary, various aqueous polymer dispersants, and water.
- emulsifiers and emulsifiers such as a static mixer, a venturi mixer, a blender, a homomixer, a high-pressure / high-speed discharge homogenizer, an ultrasonic emulsifier, and a high shear rotary emulsifier can be used. is there.
- aqueous polymer dispersing agent When obtaining a sizing composition by emulsification in the present invention, it is preferable to use an aqueous polymer dispersing agent because the dispersion stability of the sizing composition as an emulsion is excellent.
- aqueous polymer dispersant examples include various water-soluble synthetic polymers and natural polymers. Specifically, starches, acrylamide polymers, starch graft acrylamide polymers, polyvinyl alcohols, carboxymethyl celluloses, gums. And casein. Among these, starches, acrylamide polymers, starch graft acrylamide polymers, carboxymethyl celluloses, and polyvinyl alcohols are preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the aqueous polymer dispersant is preferably 10,000 or more and 10,000,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 10,000, the emulsifiability and dispersion stability may be reduced. When the weight average molecular weight is larger than 10,000,000, the viscosity of the aqueous polymer dispersant increases, which may make handling difficult.
- starch for example, raw starch such as corn, wheat, potato, rice, tapioca and the starch, at least one selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups And cationic starch containing basic nitrogen.
- amphoteric starch obtained by introducing an anionic group (for example, phosphate group) into the cationic starch can be used.
- Other examples include oxidized starch, dialdehyde starch, alkyl etherified starch, phosphate starch, urea phosphate starch, and hydrophobically modified starch.
- the object of the present invention can be achieved even if liquid cationic starch is not contained.
- the acrylamide polymers include water-soluble polymers containing 50 mol% or more of acrylamide and / or methacrylamide, that is, (meth) acrylamide, and may have a cationic group and / or an anionic group.
- This acrylamide polymer can be obtained, for example, by a modification method in which an ionic group is introduced by modifying a water-soluble polymer containing (meth) acrylamide as a main component, or (meth) acrylamide and, if necessary, a cationic monomer or anion. It can be obtained by a copolymerization method in which a monomer mixture containing a polymerizable monomer and another vinyl monomer is polymerized by a conventionally known method, or by a combination of both methods.
- Examples of the cationic monomer include mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl acrylate, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide, vinyl pyridine, vinyl imidazole, mono- or di-allylamine And mixtures thereof, and quaternary ammonium salts thereof.
- anionic monomer examples include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, and various other known polymerizable monomers having a sulfonic acid group or a phosphoric acid group. Can be exemplified.
- vinyl monomers examples include cross-linkable vinyl monomers such as N-methylolacrylamide, methylene (bis) acrylamide, bifunctional monomer, trifunctional monomer, and tetrafunctional monomer that can be copolymerized with (meth) acrylamide.
- nonionic vinyl monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid ester, styrene, and vinyl acetate can be used in combination.
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen gas introduction tube is charged with vinyl monomer and water as constituents, and as a polymerization initiator, peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium hydroperoxide, etc. Or any redox initiator comprising a combination of these peroxides and a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite, and further a water-soluble azo initiator such as 2-2'azobis (aminopropane) hydrochloric acid.
- the acrylamide polymers can be obtained by reacting at a reaction temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours.
- the starch graft acrylamide polymer used in the present invention is prepared by graft polymerization of monomers capable of forming the acrylamide polymer in the presence of starch.
- a monomer mixture containing (a) a cationic group-containing monomer, (b) an anionic group-containing monomer and (c) (meth) acrylamide in an aqueous cationic starch solution.
- cationic monomer (a) examples include mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl acrylate, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, mono- or di-alkyl.
- examples thereof include aminoalkyl methacrylamide, vinyl pyridine, vinyl imidazole, mono- or di-arylamine and mixtures thereof, and quaternary ammonium salts thereof.
- anionic monomer (b) examples include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, as well as various known sulfonic acid groups and phosphoric acid groups. Polymerizable monomers can be used. The above modification and copolymerization reactions follow known reaction procedures, and appropriate reaction conditions can be arbitrarily selected.
- carboxymethyl celluloses As other water-soluble polymers, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, dextrins, chitosans and the like can also be used.
- concentration and addition amount of the aqueous polymer dispersant are not particularly limited, and the addition amount and concentration can be changed according to the application, but the solid content ratio with respect to the size composition of the present invention is 0.1 to 4 times. Is preferably added.
- a surfactant hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as a surfactant for emulsification
- a surfactant for emulsification it is preferable to use a surfactant in order to further improve emulsifiability and stability.
- the conventionally known cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants or nonionic surfactants can be used. These may use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.
- nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants are preferred as the surfactant for emulsification of the present invention.
- the concentration and addition amount of the surfactant for emulsification are not particularly limited, and the addition amount and concentration can be changed according to the use, but the solid content ratio with respect to the sizing agent composition of the present invention is 0.3 to 3
- the use of mass% is preferable because emulsification and stability of the obtained emulsion are improved.
- the surfactant for emulsification may be mixed with the aqueous polymer dispersant in advance, or may be continuously mixed with the aqueous polymer dispersant at the time of emulsification. Is preferred.
- Alkenyl succinic anhydride Production Example 1 Production of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) 1-octadecene was isomerized using a silica-alumina catalyst. The obtained internal isomerized octadecene mixture was confirmed to contain no ⁇ -olefin by analysis by 1 H-NMR. 200 g of this internally isomerized octadecene mixture and 86 g of maleic anhydride were reacted at 215 ° C. for 8 hours in an autoclave under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Production of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A2) In Production Example 1, 1-hexadecene was used instead of 1-octadecene, and an internal isomerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1, and 1 H-NMR Analysis gave an internally isomerized hexadecene mixture free of ⁇ -olefins. Further, 243 g of internally isomerized octadecenyl succinic anhydride (A2), which was a liquid at 25 ° C. under normal pressure and was a mixture, was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 96 g of maleic anhydride was used.
- Table 1 shows the number of carbon atoms of this isomerized hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, the state at 25 ° C., and the content of ⁇ -olefin contained in the olefin subjected to the isomerization reaction.
- Production Example 3 Production of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A3)
- an internal isomerization reaction was performed in the same manner as in Production Example 1, and an internal isomerized olefin mixture containing no ⁇ -olefin was obtained by analysis by 1 H-NMR.
- Production of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A4) In Production Example 1, 1-dodecene was used instead of 1-octadecene, and an internal isomerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1, and 1 H-NMR Analysis gave an internal isomerized dodecene mixture free of ⁇ -olefins. Further, 259 g of internally isomerized dodecenyl succinic anhydride (A4) as a mixture was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of maleic anhydride was changed to 128 g and in a liquid state at 25 ° C. under normal pressure.
- Table 1 shows the number of carbon atoms of this isomerized dodecenyl succinic anhydride, the state at 25 ° C., and the content of ⁇ -olefin contained in the olefin subjected to the isomerization reaction.
- Table 1 shows the number of carbon atoms of this isomerized branched dodecenyl succinic anhydride, the state at 25 ° C., and the content of ⁇ -olefin contained in the olefin subjected to the isomerization reaction.
- Table 1 shows the number of carbon atoms of the non-internally isomerized octadecenyl succinic anhydride, the state at 25 ° C., and the content of ⁇ -olefin contained in the olefin subjected to the isomerization reaction. .
- caprylic acid chloride capric acid chloride, lauric acid chloride, myristic acid chloride, palmitic acid chloride and stearic acid chloride. 212.7 g of fatty acid chloride was obtained.
- 200 g of the above fatty acid chloride and 200 ml of toluene were put in a new four-flask and cooled to 20 ° C., and 108.4 g of triethylamine was added dropwise over 3 hours while maintaining 20 ° C. After completion of the dropwise addition, the temperature was raised to 30 ° C., and the reaction was further continued for 3 hours.
- Production of 2-oxetanone compound (B7) The hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acid (a1) in Production Example 1 was reacted in the same manner by changing it to 280.3 g of isostearic acid (a7), and 277.7 g of fatty acid chloride was reacted. Obtained. Next, 200 g of the obtained fatty acid chloride and 81.3 g of triethylamine were reacted in the same manner as in Production Example 1 to obtain 146.8 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B7). The obtained 2-oxetanone compound (B7) was liquid at 25 ° C. under normal pressure. Table 2 shows the types and blending ratios of the raw fatty acids used to produce the 2-oxetanone compound.
- the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere while stirring.
- a polymerization initiator 14.8 parts of a 2% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was added, and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. and held for 3 hours.
- isopropyl alcohol was distilled off, ion-exchanged water was added, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain an aqueous polymer dispersant solution (C1) having a solid content concentration of 20% by mass, a viscosity of 190 mPa ⁇ s, and a pH of 4.2.
- Table 3 shows the correspondence between the aqueous polymer dispersant solution and the preparation examples.
- Preparation Example 2 ⁇ Acrylamide-based polymer aqueous solution> By adding 75 parts of ion-exchanged water to 25 parts of amphoteric acrylamide-based paper strength agent DS4388 (manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.), stirring and diluting, an aqueous solution of acrylamide-based polymers having a solid content of 5.0% by mass (C2) Got.
- Table 3 shows the correspondence between the aqueous polymer dispersant solution and the preparation examples.
- Preparation Example 4 ⁇ Starch Paste>
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser 57 parts of cationized starch Cato304 (manufactured by NSC Japan, water content measured value 13%) was charged, and then 943 parts of water was charged and stirring was started. Dispersed. Next, the temperature was raised to 95 ° C., and stirring was continued for 20 minutes, followed by cooling to 40 ° C. to obtain a cationized starch paste liquid (C4) having a solid content of 5.0% by mass.
- Table 3 shows the correspondence between the aqueous polymer dispersant solution and the preparation examples.
- Preparation Example 5 Polyvinyl alcohol>
- 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol “PVA-117” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- 980 parts of water was charged and stirring was started and dispersed.
- the temperature was raised to 95 ° C., and stirring was continued for 20 minutes, followed by cooling to 40 ° C. to obtain 1000 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (C5) having a solid content of 2.0% by mass, a viscosity of 10 mPas and pH 6.1.
- Table 3 shows the correspondence between the aqueous polymer dispersant solution and the preparation examples.
- the particle size measurement, stability test, and water resistance test were performed as follows.
- ⁇ Particle size measurement> The weight average particle size of the emulsion obtained by emulsification was measured using a laser light scattering particle size distribution analyzer LA-910 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- Bleached kraft pulp (mixed pulp with softwood to hardwood pulp ratio of 1 to 9) is diluted with water for dilution with a conductivity of 35 mS / m so that the pulp concentration is 2.5 mass%, and a Canadian standard using a beater Beat up to Freeness 430.
- 1.2 liters of the obtained pulp slurry was weighed in a disaggregator, kept at 40 ° C., and with stirring, 5% by weight of light calcium carbonate (Tama Pearl 121 manufactured by Okutama Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to the sulfuric acid band.
- Yield agent NR12MLS was added to 0.01% by weight of pulp sequentially, hand-made with a paper machine manufactured by Noble and Wood to a basis weight of 65 g / m 2, and the moisture content in the wet paper was measured with a lab roll press. After adjusting to 55%, it was dried using a drum dryer at 100 ° C. for 80 seconds. The resulting paper was placed at 23 ° C. and 50% R.D. H. After the humidity was controlled in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24 hours, the water resistance was evaluated by measuring the degree of steecht size according to JIS P-8122. It means that it is excellent in water resistance provision, so that this measured value is large. This papermaking condition corresponds to fine paper.
- Water resistance test 2 The test was carried out in the same manner as in the water resistance test 1 except that the pulp slurry was kept at 40 ° C. for 1 hour under stirring before adding the cationic retention agent. In this test, the time during which the sizing emulsion is dispersed in the moisture of the pulp slurry is longer than that of the water resistance test 1 and the hydrolysis of the sizing proceeds. It is.
- ⁇ Water resistance test 3> The used corrugated paper was diluted with dilution water having an electric conductivity of 100 mS / m so that the pulp concentration was 2.5% by mass, and beaten to Canadian Standard Freeness 330 using a beater. Next, 1.2 liters of the obtained pulp slurry was weighed in a disaggregator, kept at 40 ° C., and 0.3% by mass of a dry paper strength agent (DS4416 manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.) was added with stirring. Thereafter, 0.14% by mass of the sizing agent composition was added to the pulp.
- a dry paper strength agent DS4416 manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.
- the obtained pulp slurry is diluted to a concentration of 0.8 mass% with diluted water having a pH of 7.5 and an electric conductivity of 100 mS / m, and a dry paper strength agent (DH4160 manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.) is added to 0.05 mass of pulp. %, And hand-made to a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 with a paper machine manufactured by Noble and Wood, and adjusted the moisture content in the wet paper to 58% with a lab roll press, and then used a drum dryer. Drying was performed at 100 ° C. for 80 seconds. The resulting paper was placed at 23 ° C. and 50% R.D. H.
- ⁇ Dirt test 1> Instead of adding chemicals to bleached kraft pulp as in the water resistance test 1 and conducting a hand-making test, the slurry is filtered through a 60 mesh stainless steel mesh, and the filtration residue is brought into close contact with the stainless steel plate and 4.2 kgf / cm 2. The stainless plate was pressed for 2 minutes at a pressure of 2 mm and peeled, and the stainless steel plate was observed for four-stage evaluation. As the emulsion becomes unstable and the fixing property to the pulp fiber becomes worse, the transfer to the stainless steel plate becomes easier, and as the hydrolysis of the alkenyl succinic acid proceeds, the tackiness increases and the transfer to the stainless steel plate becomes easier.
- the criteria for evaluation are as follows. A: No dirt adhesion is observed. ⁇ : Slight adhesion is observed. ⁇ : A small amount of adhesion is observed. X: A large amount of adhesion is observed.
- ⁇ Dirt test 2> As in the water resistance test 2, the preparation of the pulp slurry was conducted in the same manner as in the soil test 1 except that it was kept in a stirred state at 40 ° C. for 1 hour before the retention agent was added.
- A1 alkenyl succinic anhydride
- B1 2-oxetanone compound
- Example 2 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was changed to the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A2). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 3 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was changed to the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A3). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 4 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was changed to the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A4).
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 5 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was changed to the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A5). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 6 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) in Example 1 was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B2). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 7 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B3) in Example 1. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 8 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B4) in Example 1. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 9 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B5) in Example 1. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 10 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) in Example 1 was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B6). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 11 An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B7) in Example 1. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 12 In Example 1, 70 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 30 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were changed to 85 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 15 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1), respectively. In the same manner as in Example 1, an emulsion was obtained. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more. Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 13 In Example 1, 70 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 30 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were changed to 95 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 5 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1), respectively. In the same manner as in Example 1, an emulsion was obtained. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more. Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 14 In Example 1, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was stirred at 10000 rpm for 1 minute with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 15 In Example 1, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was stirred at 15000 rpm for 3 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 1 an emulsion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B8) and the temperature during stirring was changed from 25 ° C. to 50 ° C. After 10 minutes, the waxy 2-oxetanone compound (B8) was precipitated and separated in the resulting dispersion, and therefore, the particle size measurement and the water resistance test could not be performed.
- the emulsion prepared in this comparative example is out of the scope of the present invention because the emulsion state is destroyed in a short time.
- Example 2 an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) was changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B9). However, the emulsion was separated after 1 hour after standing. A stable emulsion could not be obtained. Therefore, the particle size measurement and the water resistance test could not be performed.
- Example 3 In Example 1, 70 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 30 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were changed to 50 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 50 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1), respectively. Otherwise, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 4 In Example 1, 70 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 30 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were changed to 98 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 2 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1), respectively. Otherwise, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Example 1 an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was changed to the alkenyl succinic anhydride (A6). Separated and stable emulsion was not obtained. Therefore, the particle size measurement and the water resistance test could not be performed.
- Comparative Example 6 A total of 30 g of 15 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 15 g of acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% by mass was stirred at 15000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho). An emulsion of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was obtained. For this dispersion, 0.1% by weight of the sizing composition dispersion was added to the pulp in all of ⁇ Water resistance test 1>, ⁇ Water resistance test 2>, ⁇ Stain test 1>, and ⁇ Stain test 2>. Instead, each test was performed after adding 0.1% by weight of an alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) emulsion to the pulp. Table 6 shows the performance evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 7 A total of 30 g of 15 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 15 g of acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% by mass was stirred at 15000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho). An emulsion of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was obtained. Separately, a total of 30 g of 15 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) and 15 g of acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% was mixed at 15000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho).
- the mixture was stirred to obtain an emulsion of the 2-oxetanone compound (B1).
- 21 g of emulsion of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 9 g of emulsion of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were rapidly stirred and mixed, and 70 pairs of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 2-oxetanone compound (B1) were mixed.
- a mixture of emulsions having a mass ratio of 30 was obtained.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- This comparative example is “emulsification obtained by emulsifying a mixture containing 60 to 95% by mass of an alkenyl succinic anhydride which is liquid at 25 ° C. and 5 to 40% by mass of a 2-oxetanone compound which is liquid at 25 ° C. Since it is not a "product", it is outside the scope of this invention.
- Comparative Example 8 A total of 30 g of 15 g of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) and 15 g of acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% by mass was stirred at 15000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho). An emulsion of alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was obtained. Separately, a total of 30 g of 15 g of 2-oxetanone compound (B1) and 15 g of acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% was mixed at 15000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho).
- Example 17 In Example 16, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was replaced with alkenyl succinic anhydride (A2) and 1.1 g of surfactant (D2) was further charged. . This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Example 18 In Example 16, an emulsion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 except that alkenyl succinic anhydride (A1) was replaced by alkenyl succinic anhydride (A3) and 6.4 g of surfactant (D2) was further added. Obtained. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Example 19 In Example 16, an emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that 5.3 g of the surfactant (D2) was charged. This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more. Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- C6 carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution
- Example 25 In Example 20, the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) is changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B2), the acrylamide polymer (C2) is changed to the acrylamide polymer (C1), and the surfactant (D2) is changed to the surfactant.
- An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except for changing to (D1). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Example 26 In Example 20, the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) is changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B3), the acrylamide polymer (C2) is changed to the acrylamide polymer (C1), and the surfactant (D2) is changed to the surfactant.
- An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except for changing to (D3). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Example 27 In Example 20, the 2-oxetanone compound (B1) is changed to the 2-oxetanone compound (B3), the acrylamide polymer (C2) is changed to the acrylamide polymer (C1), and the surfactant (D2) is changed to the surfactant.
- An emulsion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except for changing to (D4). This emulsion maintained the emulsion state stably for 6 hours or more.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion, and Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
- acrylamide polymer (C1) having a solid content of 20% by mass, 1 g of surfactant (D2), and 604 g of water were added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by acrylamide polymer (C1) / surfactant ( D2) An aqueous solution having a solid content of 5% and a solid content mass ratio of 97.5 / 2.5 was obtained. Subsequently, 10 g of the obtained mixture and 20 g of the aqueous solution, 30 g in total, were stirred at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes with a rotary homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain an emulsion.
- a rotary homomixer manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusyo Co., Ltd.
- Table 5 shows the particle diameter of the obtained dispersion
- Table 6 shows the results of performance evaluation.
- Table 4 shows the correspondence between the symbol indicating the surfactant and the type of the surfactant.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
<1>25℃で液状であるアルケニルコハク酸無水物60~95質量%と25℃で液状である2-オキセタノン化合物5~40質量%とを含有する混合物を乳化して得られる乳化物であることを特徴とするサイズ剤組成物であり、
<2>2-オキセタノン化合物が、炭素数8~10の脂肪酸が8~20質量%、及び炭素数12~18である脂肪酸が92~80質量%である脂肪酸混合物を原料にして得られることを特徴とする前記<1>のサイズ剤組成物であり、
<3>2-オキセタノン化合物が、不飽和脂肪酸の含有量が2質量%以下である脂肪酸混合物を原料にして得られることを特徴とする前記<1>または<2>のサイズ剤組成物であり、
<4>アルケニルコハク酸無水物が、内部異性化オレフィンを含む炭素数16以上24以下のオレフィンと無水マレイン酸との付加反応生成物である前記<1>~<3>の何れか1項に記載のサイズ剤組成物であり、
<5>25℃で液状であるアルケニルコハク酸無水物と25℃で液状である2-オキセタノン化合物と、前記アルケニルコハク酸無水物と前記2-オキセタノン化合物との合計100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部の界面活性剤とを含有する混合物の乳化物であることを特徴とする前記<1>~<4>の何れか1項に記載のサイズ剤組成物であり、
<6>前記乳化物における分散質の平均粒子径が0.5μm以上1.5μm以下である前記<1>~<5>のサイズ剤組成物である。
これらは、ASAと混合する際に短時間の緩やかな撹拌で均一な混合状態となりやすく、また混合物を25℃で保管しても長期間にわたり均一な状態を保つことができ、更にASAとの混合物のエマルションの保存安定性が優れる、という利点があるので好ましい。
なお、本発明における好適な2-オキセタノン化合物は、前記のごとく脂肪酸混合物を反応させ得てられるため、数種の2-オキセタノン化合物の混合物である。
(製造例1)アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の製造
シリカ・アルミナ系触媒を用いて1-オクタデセンを異性化した。得られた内部異性化オクタデセン混合物には1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが含まれていないことを確認した。この内部異性化オクタデセン混合物200gと無水マレイン酸86gとを、オートクレーブ中窒素雰囲気下において215℃で8時間反応させた。反応液から未反応の無水マレイン酸とオレフィンとを減圧蒸留により除去し、常圧下25℃で液状であり、かつ混合物である内部異性化オクタデセニルコハク酸無水物(A1)235gを得た。表1に、この異性化オクタデセニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
製造例1において、1-オクタデセンの代わりに1-ヘキサデセンを使用して製造例1と同様に内部異性化反応を行い、1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが含まれていない内部異性化ヘキサデセン混合物を得た。更に無水マレイン酸を96gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして常圧下25℃で液状であり、かつ混合物である内部異性化オクタデセニルコハク酸無水物(A2)243gを得た。表1に、この異性化ヘキサデセニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
製造例1において、1-オクタデセンの代わりに1-イコセン/1-ドコセン/1-テトラコセン=70/20/10(質量比)であるα-オレフィン混合物を使用して製造例1と同様に内部異性化反応を行い、1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが含まれていない内部異性化オレフィン混合物を得た。更に無水マレイン酸を75gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして常圧下25℃で液状であり、かつ混合物である内部異性化アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A3)231gを得た。表1に、この異性化アルケニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
製造例1において、1-オクタデセンの代わりに1-ドデセンを使用して製造例1と同様に内部異性化反応を行い、1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが含まれていない内部異性化ドデセン混合物を得た。更に無水マレイン酸を128gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして常圧下25℃で液状であり、かつ混合物である内部異性化ドデセニルコハク酸無水物(A4)259gを得た。表1に、この異性化ドデセニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
プロピレンテトラマー(1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが7%であることを確認)200gと無水マレイン酸128gとを、オートクレーブ中窒素雰囲気下において215℃で8時間反応させた。反応液から未反応の無水マレイン酸とオレフィンを減圧蒸留により除去し、常圧下25℃で液状であり、かつ内部異性化オレフィンを含む分岐状ドデセニルコハク酸無水物(A5)230gを得た。表1に、この異性化分岐状ドデセニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
1-オクタデセン(1H-NMRによる分析でα-オレフィンが100%であることを確認)200gと無水マレイン酸86gとを、オートクレーブ中窒素雰囲気下において215℃で8時間反応させた。反応液から未反応の無水マレイン酸と1-オクタデセンを減圧蒸留により除去し、常圧下25℃で固体である内部異性化されていないオクタデセニルコハク酸無水物(A6)239gを得た。表1に、この内部異性化されていないオクタデセニルコハク酸無水物の炭素数および25℃における状態、異性化反応に供されたオレフィン中に含まれるα-オレフィンの含有量を、示した。
四つ口フラスコに塩化チオニルを200g入れ、温度を80℃(塩化チオニル還流条件)にした。次いで質量組成比がカプリル酸/カプリン酸/ラウリン酸/ミリスチン酸/パルミチン酸/ステアリン酸/オレイン酸=7/7/51/18/9/8/0(不飽和脂肪酸無含有)である水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)205.8gを2時間かけて滴下した。その後80℃で1時間攪拌を続け、更に80℃常圧下で塩化チオニルを留去し、カプリル酸クロリド、カプリン酸クロリド、ラウリン酸クロリド、ミリスチン酸クロリド、パルミチン酸クロリド及びステアリン酸クロリドの混合物である脂肪酸クロリド212.7gを得た。次に新たに四つロフラスコに上記脂肪酸クロリド200gおよびトルエン200mlを入れて20℃に冷却し、20℃を保ちながらトリエチルアミン108.4gを3時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後30℃に昇温し、更に3時間反応を続けた。次に3%の希塩酸水溶液を200ml加えて10分攪拌した後、1時間静置して下層の水相を分離した後、減圧下でトルエンを留去して炭素数の異なる2-オキセタノンの混合物である2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)141.5gを得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、カプリル酸/カプリン酸/ラウリン酸/ミリスチン酸/パルミチン酸/ステアリン酸/オレイン酸=7/7/51/18/9/7/1(不飽和脂肪酸1質量%)である水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a2)205.8gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを210.4g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン208.4gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させ2-オキセタノン化合物(B2)を144.7g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B2)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、質量組成比がカプリル酸/カプリン酸/ラウリン酸/ミリスチン酸/パルミチン酸/ステアリン酸/オレイン酸=7/7/51/18/9/6/2(不飽和脂肪酸2質量%)である水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a3)205.8gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを211.5g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン108.4gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させ2-オキセタノン化合物(B3)を142.3g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B3)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、カプリル酸/カプリン酸/ラウリン酸/ミリスチン酸/パルミチン酸/ステアリン酸/オレイン酸=7/7/51/18/9/1/7(不飽和脂肪酸7質量%)である水素添加していないココヤシ油脂肪酸(a4)205.8gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを210.6g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロライド200gとトリエチルアミン108.4gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させ2-オキセタノン化合物(B4)を140.3g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B4)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、カプリル酸/カプリン酸/ラウリン酸/ミリスチン酸/パルミチン酸/ステアリン酸/オレイン酸=11/11/47/14/9/8/0(不飽和脂肪酸0質量%)の質量比の脂肪酸混合物(a5)200.3gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを204.8g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン111.2gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させ2-オキセタノン化合物(B5)を142.1g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B5)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、オレイン酸(不飽和脂肪酸100質量%)(a6)282.5gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを279.1g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン80.8gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させて2-オキセタノン化合物(B6)を149.6g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B6)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、イソステアリン酸(a7)280.3gに変えて同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを277.7g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン81.3gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させて2-オキセタノン化合物(B7)を146.8g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B7)は常圧下25℃で液状であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、パルチミン酸/ステアリン酸=60/40(不飽和脂肪酸0質量%)の質量比の脂肪酸混合物(a8)267.0gに変え、80℃に加温して滴下する以外は同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを274.2g得た。次いで得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン85.1gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させて2-オキセタノン化合物(B8)を152.5g得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B8)は常圧下25℃でワックス状の固体であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
製造例1における水素添加ココヤシ油脂肪酸(a1)を、ラウリン酸/パルチミン酸/ステアリン酸=50/25/25(不飽和脂肪酸0質量%)の質量比の脂肪酸混合物(a9)229.9gに変え80℃に加温して滴下する以外は同様に反応し、脂肪酸クロリドを228.3g得た。次いで、得られた脂肪酸クロリド200gとトリエチルアミン97.9gを用いて、製造例1と同様に反応させて2-オキセタノン化合物(B9)を147.7gを得た。得られた2-オキセタノン化合物(B9)は常圧下25℃でワックス状の固体であった。なお、表2に、2-オキセタノン化合物を製造するのに用いられた原料脂肪酸の種類と配合割合とを示した。
界面活性剤として、ノニオン性界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンジスチレン化フェノールエーテル(第一工業製薬株式会社製ノイゲンEA-167)(D1)、アニオン性界面活性剤としてスルホコハク酸ジオクチルナトリウム塩(D2)、リン酸系のノニオン性界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンジスチレン化フェノールエーテル燐酸エステル(第一工業製薬株式会社製プライサーフAL)(D3)、リン酸系のノニオン性界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステル(第一工業製薬株式会社製プライサーフA208N)(D4)を使用した。
調製例1<アクリルアミド系ポリマー類水溶液>
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却器及び窒素ガス導入管を備えた4つ口フラスコに50%アクリルアミド水溶液335.7部、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド16.2部、80質量%メタクリル酸水溶液11.2部とメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム4.1部、ノルマルドデシルメルカプタン2.6部、イオン交換水215.6部、イソプロピルアルコール199.8部を仕込み、20%硫酸にてpHを4.5に調整した。この混合液を攪拌しながら窒素ガス雰囲気下で、60℃まで昇温した。重合開始剤として2%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液14.8部加え、80℃まで昇温し、3時間保持した。次いでイソプロピルアルコールの留去を行い、イオン交換水を加えて室温まで冷却し、固形分濃度20質量%、粘度190mPa・s、pH4.2の高分子分散剤水溶液(C1)を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
両性アクリルアミド系紙力剤DS4388(星光PMC株式会社製)の25部に、イオン交換水を75部加えて攪拌、希釈することにより、固形分5.0質量%のアクリルアミド系ポリマー類水溶液(C2)を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
澱粉グラフトアクリルアミド系紙力剤DG4204(星光PMC株式会社製)の33.3部に、イオン換水を66.7部加えて攪拌、希釈することにより、固形分5.0質量%の澱粉グラフトアクリルアミド系ポリマー水溶液(C3)を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却管を付した反応容器に、カチオン化澱粉Cato304(日本エヌエスシー株式会社製、水分率実測値13%)57部を仕込み、次いで水943部を仕込み攪拌を開始し、分散させた。ついで95℃まで昇温し、20分攪拌を続け、その後40℃まで冷却し、固形分5.0質量%、のカチオン化澱粉類糊液(C4)を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却管を付した反応容器に、ポリビニルアルコール「PVA-117」((株)クラレ製)20部を仕込み、次いで水980部を仕込み攪拌を開始し、分散させた。ついで95℃まで昇温し、20分攪拌を続け、その後40℃まで冷却し、固形分2.0質量%、粘度10mPas,pH6.1のポリビニルアルコール水溶液(C5)1000部を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
攪拌機、温度計、還流冷却管を付した反応容器に、カルボキシメチルセルロース「セロゲン5A」(第一工業製薬製)20部を仕込み、次いで水980部を仕込み攪拌を開始し、分散させた。ついで95℃まで昇温し、20分攪拌を続け、その後40℃まで冷却し、固形分2.0質量%、粘度10mPas,pH6.1のカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液(C6)1000部を得た。表3に、高分子分散剤水溶液と調製例との対応を示した。
乳化により得られたエマルションについて、レーザー光散乱式粒度分布計LA-910((株)堀場製作所製)を用いて重量平均粒子径を測定した。
晒クラフトパルプ(針葉樹対広葉樹のパルプ比が1対9である混合パルプ)をパルプ濃度が2.5質量%になるように電導度35mS/mの希釈用水で希釈し、ビーターを用いてカナディアンスタンダードフリーネス430まで叩解した。次いで、得られたパルプスラリー1.2リットルを離解機に秤取し、40℃に保温し、攪拌下、軽質炭酸カルシウム(奥多摩工業株式会社製タマパール121)を対パルプ5質量%加え、硫酸バンドを対パルプ0.5質量%、カチオン性澱粉(日本エヌエスシー株式会社製Cato304)を対パルプ0.7質量%添加した後、サイズ剤組成物を対パルプ0.1質量%添加した。その後pH8、電導度35mS/mの希釈水でこの得られたパルプスラリーを濃度0.8質量%まで希釈し、上記軽質炭酸カルシウムをさらに対パルプ15質量%、カチオン性歩留まり剤(ハイモ株式会社製歩留まり剤NR12MLS)を対パルプ0.01質量%順次添加し、ノーブルアンドウッド社製抄紙機で坪量65g/m2となるよう手抄きを行い、ラボロールプレスで湿紙中の水分率を55%に調整した後にドラムドライヤーを用いて100℃、80秒の条件で乾燥した。得られた紙を23℃、50%R.H.の恒温恒湿室中で24時間調湿した後、ステキヒトサイズ度をJIS P-8122に準じて測定することにより耐水性性能を評価した。この測定値が大きいほど耐水性付与に優れることを意味する。なお、本抄紙条件は上質紙に該当する。
カチオン性歩留まり剤を添加する前に、パルプスラリーを攪拌下、40℃の状態で1時間保持する以外は耐水性試験1と同様にして試験を行った。この試験では、サイズ剤エマルションがパルプスラリーの水分中に分散されている時間が耐水性試験1より長くなり、サイズ剤の加水分解が進行するため、エマルション粒子がより不安定化しやすい条件での評価である。
段ボール古紙をパルプ濃度が2.5質量%になるように電導度100mS/mの希釈用水で希釈し、ビーターを用いてカナディアンスタンダードフリーネス330まで叩解した。次いで、得られたパルプスラリー1.2リットルを離解機に秤取し、40℃に保温し、攪拌下、乾燥紙力剤(星光PMC株式会社製DS4416)を対パルプ0.3質量%添加した後、サイズ剤組成物を対パルプ0.14質量%添加した。その後pH7.5、電導度100mS/mの希釈水でこの得られたパルプスラリーを濃度0.8質量%まで希釈し、乾燥紙力剤(星光PMC株式会社製DH4160)を対パルプ0.05質量%添加し、ノーブルアンドウッド社製抄紙機で坪量80g/m2となるように手抄きを行い、ラボロールプレスで湿紙中の水分率を58%に調整した後ドラムドライヤーを用いて100℃、80秒の条件で乾燥した。得られた紙を23℃、50%R.H.の恒温恒湿室中で24時間調湿した後、コブ吸水度(120秒)をJIS P-8140に準じて測定することにより耐水性能を評価した。この測定値が小さいほど耐水性付与に優れることを意味する。なお、本抄紙条件はライナー等の板紙に該当する。
乾燥紙力剤DH4160を添加する前に、パルプスラリーを攪拌下、40℃の状態で1時間保持する以外は耐水性試験3と同様にして試験を行った。この試験では、サイズ剤エマルションがパルプスラリーの水分中に分散されている時間が耐水性試験3より長くなり、サイズ剤の加水分解が進行するため、エマルション粒子がより不安定化しやすい条件での評価である。
耐水性試験1と同様に晒クラフトパルプに薬品を添加し、手抄き試験を行うかわりにスラリーを60メッシュステンレスメッシュにて濾過し、濾過残をステンレス板に密着させ、4.2kgf/cm2の圧力で2分間プレスし、剥がした後のステンレス板の付着汚れを観察、4段階評価を行った。エマルションが不安定化し、パルプ繊維への定着性が悪いほどステンレス板へ転写されやすく、アルケニルコハク酸の加水分解が進むほど粘着性が増し、ステンレス板へ転写されやすい。この評価において、汚れが多いほど実際の使用条件においても同様に汚れの原因となる。評価の基準は以下の通りである。
◎;汚れ付着が認められない。
○;僅かに付着が認められる。
△;少量の付着が認められる。
×;多量の付着が認められる。
パルプスラリーの調製を耐水性試験2と同様に歩留まり剤添加前に40℃1時間攪拌状態で保持する以外は汚れ試験1と同様にして神経を行い、4段階評価を行った。
攪拌機、温度計、及び窒素ガス導入管を付した密閉容器に、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を70g仕込み、次いで2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を30g仕込んで窒素雰囲気下25℃にて1時間攪拌を続け、A2/B1=70/30の比率の混合物を100g得た。次いで、得られた混合物を15g、および固形分20質量%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A2)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A3)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A4)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A5)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B2)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B3)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B4)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B5)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B6)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B7)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の70g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の30gを、それぞれアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の85g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の15gに変えて他は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の70g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の30gを、それぞれアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の95g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の5gに変えて他は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて10000rpmで1分攪拌した以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで3分攪拌した以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B8)に変え、攪拌時の温度を25℃から50℃に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを調製したが、10分が経過すると得られた分散液にワックス状の2-オキセタノン化合物(B8)が析出し、分離したため粒子径の測定および耐水性試験を行うことができなかった。この比較例で調製されたエマルションは短時間のうちにエマルション状態が破壊されてしまうので、この発明の範囲外にある。
実施例1において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B9)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得たが、静置後1時間が経過するとエマルションが分離し、安定なエマルションは得られなかった。そのため粒子径の測定および耐水性試験を行うことができなかった。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の70g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の30gを、それぞれアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の50g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の50gに変えた他は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の70g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の30gを、それぞれアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の98g、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の2gに変えた他は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
実施例1において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A6)に変える以外は実施例1と同様にしてエマルションを得たが、静置後20分が経過するとエマルションが分離し、安定なエマルションは得られなかった。そのため粒子径の測定および耐水性試験を行うことができなかった。
アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の15g、および固形分20質量%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルションを得た。この分散液について、<耐水性試験1>、<耐水性試験2>、<汚れ試験1>、<汚れ試験2>の全てにおいて、サイズ剤組成物の分散液を対パルプ0.1質量%添加する代わりにアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルションを対パルプ0.1質量%添加した後にそれぞれの試験を行った。性能評価結果を表6に示す。
アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の15g、および固形分20質量%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルションを得た。また、別に2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の15g、および固形分20%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)のエマルションを得た。アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルション21gと2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)のエマルション9gを速やかに攪拌して混合し、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)と2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)が70対30の質量比であるエマルションの混合物を得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
この比較例は、「25℃で液状であるアルケニルコハク酸無水物60~95質量%と25℃で液状である2-オキセタノン化合物5~40質量%とを含有する混合物を乳化して得られる乳化物」ではないから、この発明の範囲外である。
アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)の15g、および固形分20質量%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルションを得た。また、別に2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)の15g、および固形分20%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)のエマルションを得た。これら2種の分散液について、<耐水性試験1>、<耐水性試験2>、<汚れ試験1>、<汚れ試験2>の全てにおいて、サイズ剤組成物の分散液を対パルプ0.1質量%添加する代わりにアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)のエマルションを対パルプ0.07質量%、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)のエマルションを対パルプ0.03質量%別々に添加した後にそれぞれの試験を行った。性能評価結果を表6に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、及び窒素ガス導入管を付した密閉容器に、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を70g仕込み、次いで2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を30g、アニオン性界面活性剤(D2)を0.5g仕込んで窒素雰囲気下60℃にて1時間攪拌を続けた後25℃に冷却し、界面活性剤を0.5質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を100.5g得た。次いで、得られた混合物の15g、および固形分20%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)15gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例16において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)をアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A2)にかえ、さらに界面活性剤(D2)を1.1g仕込む以外は実施例16と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例16において、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)にかえてアルケニルコハク酸無水物(A3)にかえ、さらに界面活性剤(D2)を6.4g仕込む以外は実施例16と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例16において、界面活性剤(D2)を5.3g仕込む以外は実施例16と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、及び窒素ガス導入管を付した密閉容器に、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を70g仕込み、次いで2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を30g、界面活性剤(D2)を1.1g仕込んで窒素雰囲気下60℃にて1時間攪拌を続けた後25℃に冷却し、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を101.1g得た。次いで、得られた混合物を10g、および固形分5質量%に水で希釈したアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C2)20gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を2gおよび固形分5質量%である澱粉グラフトポリマー(C3)40gの計42gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を2g、および固形分5質量%である澱粉糊液(C4)40gの計42gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで3分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を2g、および固形分5質量%であるポリビニルアルコール水溶液(C5)40gの計42gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで3分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を2g、および固形分5質量%であるカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液(C6)40gの合計42gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて15000rpmで3分攪拌し、このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。エマルションを得た。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B2)に変え、アクリルアミド系ポリマー(C2)をアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)に変え、界面活性剤(D2)を界面活性剤(D1)に変える以外は実施例20と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B3)に変え、アクリルアミド系ポリマー(C2)をアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)に変え、界面活性剤(D2)を界面活性剤(D3)に変える以外は実施例20と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
実施例20において、2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を、2-オキセタノン化合物(B3)に変え、アクリルアミド系ポリマー(C2)をアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)に変え、界面活性剤(D2)を界面活性剤(D4)に変える以外は実施例20と同様にしてエマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
攪拌機、温度計、及び窒素ガス導入管を付した密閉容器に、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を70g仕込み、次いで2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を30g、界面活性剤(D1)を1.1g仕込んで窒素雰囲気下60℃にて1時間攪拌を続けた後25℃に冷却し、界面活性剤を1.0質量%含むA1/B1=70/30の混合物を101.1g得た。別に固形分20%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)を195g、界面活性剤(D2)を1g、水を604g仕込んで25℃にて1時間攪拌してアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)/界面活性剤(D2)固形分質量比が97.5/2.5である固形分5%の水溶液を得た。次いで、得られた混合物10g、水溶液20gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて10000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
攪拌機、温度計、及び窒素ガス導入管を付した密閉容器に、アルケニルコハク酸無水物(A1)を70g仕込み、次いで2-オキセタノン化合物(B1)を30g仕込んで窒素雰囲気下25℃にて1時間攪拌を続け、A1/B1=70/30の混合物を100g得た。別に固形分20質量%であるアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)を195g、界面活性剤(D2)を1g、水を604g仕込んで常温にて1時間攪拌してアクリルアミド系ポリマー(C1)/界面活性剤(D2)固形分質量比が97.5/2.5である固形分5%の水溶液を得た。次いで、得られた混合物10g、水溶液20gの計30gを、回転型ホモミキサー(株式会社日本精機製作所製)にて12000rpmで2分攪拌し、エマルションを得た。このエマルションは6時間以上安定にエマルション状態を維持した。得られた分散液の粒子径を表5に、性能評価結果を表6に示す。なお、表4に界面活性剤を示す記号と界面活性剤の種類との対応を示した。
C18:炭素数が18、
C16:炭素数が16、
C22/C22/C24=70/20/10:炭素数20、22、24の割合が70、20、10、
C12:炭素数が12
であることを示す。
注1:A1のエマルションとB1のエマルションを別途作成した後に混合した。
注2:混合したエマルションの粒子径
注3:A1のエマルションとB1のエマルションを別途作成し、別々に添加した。
Claims (6)
- 25℃で液状であるアルケニルコハク酸無水物60~95質量%と25℃で液状である2-オキセタノン化合物5~40質量%とを含有する混合物を乳化して得られる乳化物であることを特徴とするサイズ剤組成物。
- 2-オキセタノン化合物が、炭素数8~10の脂肪酸が8~20質量%、及び炭素数12~18である脂肪酸が92~80質量%である脂肪酸混合物を原料にして得られることを特徴とする請求項1のサイズ剤組成物
- 2-オキセタノン化合物が不飽和脂肪酸が2質量%以下である脂肪酸混合物を原料にして得られることを特徴とする請求項1又は2のサイズ剤組成物
- アルケニルコハク酸無水物が、内部異性化オレフィンを含む炭素数16以上24以下のオレフィンと無水マレイン酸との付加反応生成物であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のサイズ剤組成物。
- 25℃で液状であるアルケニルコハク酸無水物と25℃で液状である2-オキセタノン化合物と、前記アルケニルコハク酸無水物と前記2-オキセタノン化合物との合計100質量部に対して0.1~5質量部の界面活性剤とを含有する混合物の乳化物であることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のアルケニルコハク酸無水物系サイズ剤組成物。
- 前記乳化物における分散質の平均粒子径が0.5μm以上1.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のアルケニルコハク酸無水物系サイズ剤組成物。
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CN2010800357911A CN102472019A (zh) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-03-31 | 施胶剂组成物 |
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JP2000507651A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-06-20 | ストゥーラー コーパーバリィス バリィスラーグス アクチエボラーグ(ペーユーベーエル) | サイズ剤組成物、その製造方法及び用途 |
JP2002517638A (ja) * | 1998-06-12 | 2002-06-18 | ハーキュリーズ・インコーポレーテッド | サイズ処理された紙及び高速加工機またはリプログラフィー操作におけるその使用。 |
JP2006307363A (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-09 | Tokushu Paper Mfg Co Ltd | 耐油性シート状物 |
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US5725731A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-03-10 | Hercules Incorporated | 2-oxetanone sizing agents comprising saturated and unsaturated tails, paper made with the 2-oxetanone sizing agents, and use of the paper in high speed converting and reprographic operations |
US7317053B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2008-01-08 | Hercules Incorporated | Compositions for imparting desired properties to materials |
CN1241918C (zh) * | 2003-10-23 | 2006-02-15 | 魏素芬 | 高纯度烯基琥珀酸酐制备工艺 |
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JP2000506941A (ja) * | 1996-03-21 | 2000-06-06 | ベッツディアボーン・インコーポレイテッド | 紙サイズ剤および紙のサイジング方法 |
JP2000507651A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-06-20 | ストゥーラー コーパーバリィス バリィスラーグス アクチエボラーグ(ペーユーベーエル) | サイズ剤組成物、その製造方法及び用途 |
JP2002517638A (ja) * | 1998-06-12 | 2002-06-18 | ハーキュリーズ・インコーポレーテッド | サイズ処理された紙及び高速加工機またはリプログラフィー操作におけるその使用。 |
JP2006307363A (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-09 | Tokushu Paper Mfg Co Ltd | 耐油性シート状物 |
JP2007092251A (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Seiko Pmc Corp | 汚れを防止する方法及び薬品 |
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JP2016105139A (ja) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-09 | 花王株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
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JPWO2010084786A1 (ja) | 2012-07-19 |
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