WO2010079739A1 - 全インフルエンザ菌の測定方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2010079739A1 WO2010079739A1 PCT/JP2010/000023 JP2010000023W WO2010079739A1 WO 2010079739 A1 WO2010079739 A1 WO 2010079739A1 JP 2010000023 W JP2010000023 W JP 2010000023W WO 2010079739 A1 WO2010079739 A1 WO 2010079739A1
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- antigen
- antibody
- cells
- influenzae
- haemophilus influenzae
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56983—Viruses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
- C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
- C07K16/1018—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56911—Bacteria
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- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/195—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria
- G01N2333/28—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria from Vibrionaceae (F)
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- G01N2333/195—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria
- G01N2333/285—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria from Pasteurellaceae (F), e.g. Haemophilus influenza
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for specifically measuring H. influenzae in general, and a measuring apparatus used for the method.
- Haemophilus influenzae is known as a resident bacteria of the human nasopharynx, as well as pneumococci, and respiratory infections, otitis media, meningitis, septicemia, etc., especially in infants and children who have not become resident It is known to become a causative fungus. As with other infectious disease causative organisms, in Haemophilus influenzae, drug resistance due to heavy use of antibacterial agents has become a problem as a cause of intractable and severe symptoms, and appropriate antibacterial drugs at the start of treatment The importance of choice is increasing.
- Non-patent Document 1 there is a report on a monoclonal antibody of P6 antigen, and Haemophilus influenzae is detected by Western blotting.
- Non-patent Document 1 the sensitivity of this method is low and it is not at a level used as a clinical test.
- Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative gonococcus, roughly classified into the capsular type and the non-capsular type, depending on the presence or absence of the capsular coating, and the capsular type is due to the difference in the structure of the polysaccharide antigen present in the capsular There are af types as serotype classifications, and the non-capsular type is classified as an untypeable type.
- Polyribosyl ribitol phosphate a b-type capsular polysaccharide, has been reported as a b-type specific antigen, but no polysaccharide as such a specific antigen is known in the non-capsular type.
- P2 protein which is one of outer cell membrane proteins, is known as the main antigen of Haemophilus influenzae as a non-capsular protein antigen.
- this antigen is frequently mutated, its antigenicity varies depending on the strain. It has been known.
- the present inventors have focused on P4 and P6 proteins that are commonly present in Haemophilus influenzae and are said to have relatively few mutations.
- the protein is expressed less in H. influenzae than other antigens, so it was considered that it was difficult to measure all types of H. influenzae in general with high sensitivity even if a recognition antibody was prepared.
- the present inventor since there are many bacteria having proteins with high homology to P4 and P6 proteins, it has been considered difficult to specifically detect H. influenzae.
- the present inventor was able to produce an antibody that recognizes highly selectively. Further, it has been found that the antibody is not easily affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, etc., which can be easily mixed during measurement. The present invention has been completed based on this result.
- the present invention provides a method for immunological measurement of all Haemophilus influenzae, characterized by using P4 antigen or P6 antigen recognizing antibody of Haemophilus influenzae.
- the present invention also provides an apparatus for immunological measurement of all Haemophilus influenzae, which contains an antibody that recognizes P4 antigen or P6 antigen of Haemophilus influenzae.
- the establishment of a high-sensitivity measurement method for all H. influenzae according to the present invention makes it possible to provide the measurement device, thereby enabling easy and rapid detection of H. influenzae infected with otitis media etc. became.
- the method of the present invention is particularly useful for detecting otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
- the reactivity of the immunogens of anti-P4PoAb (a) and anti-P6PoAb (b) to H. influenzae common antigens (P6, P4) in ELISA is shown.
- the reactivity of anti-P6PoAb to NTHiP6 (a) and NTHi disrupted cells (b) in ELISA is shown.
- the reactivity with anti-P6PoAb bacteria (Table 1) in ELISA is shown.
- anti-P4PoAb P4rec The reactivity with respect to (a) and NTHi microbial cell extract (b) is shown.
- the reactivity with anti-P4PoAb bacteria (Table 1) in ELISA is shown.
- the general structure of immunochromatography is shown. The state of development of the specimen on the immunochromatography stop is shown.
- the reactivity of anti-P6PoAb to NTHiP6 (a) and NTHi disrupted antibody in immunochromatography is shown.
- the bacteria to be measured by the measurement method of the present invention are H. influenzae, and H. influenzae is the target of measurement for all of the capsule types af and non-capsular. Specifically, bacteria expressing P4 antigen and P6 antigen are targeted. In addition, respiratory tract infections, otitis media, meningitis, and sepsis in infants and children can be considered as target diseases of Haemophilus influenzae. In such cases, if a sample is taken from the affected area, other bacteria may be mixed. There is a possibility of reacting to the measurement system.
- the measurement method of the present invention is characterized in that it does not react at all with bacteria having P6 antigen and P4 antigen homology as constituents, such as parainfluenza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
- bacteria having P6 antigen and P4 antigen homology such as parainfluenza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
- the antibody recognizing P4 antigen or P6 antigen of Haemophilus influenzae used in the present invention can be produced by immunizing an animal with the P4 antigen or P6 antigen and obtaining the antiserum or egg of the animal.
- the P4 antigen or P6 antigen used for immunization may be collected from Haemophilus influenzae and can be produced by a recombinant method. Among these, it is preferable to use the antigen extracted from Haemophilus influenzae from the point of measurement sensitivity.
- P4 antigen or P6 antigen P4 protein or P6 protein may be sufficient, and some polypeptide of P4 antigen or P6 antigen may be sufficient.
- P6 antigen is preferably used from the viewpoint of specificity and sensitivity to Haemophilus influenzae.
- nucleotide sequence relating to the P6 antigen and the amino acid sequence encoded by it are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (Accession M19391).
- nucleotide sequence for the P4 antigen and the amino acid sequence that it encodes are shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 (Accession M68502).
- the P6 polynucleotide can be produced and obtained by a chemical DNA synthesis method based on the sequence information of SEQ ID NO: 1, but can be easily produced and obtained by a general genetic engineering technique [Molecular Cloning 2d. Ed, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press (1989); secondary biochemistry experiment course "gene research method I, II, III", Japan Biochemical Society edition (1986) etc.].
- a chemical DNA synthesis method a solid phase synthesis method by a phosphoramidite method can be exemplified. An automatic synthesizer can be used for this synthesis method.
- a cDNA library is prepared according to a conventional method from an appropriate source from which the P6 polynucleotide is expressed, and an appropriate property peculiar to the P6 polynucleotide is prepared from the library. This can be carried out by selecting a desired clone using a suitable probe or antibody [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA., 78, 6613 (1981); Science 122,778 (1983), etc.].
- the origin of cDNA is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism that expresses a P6 polynucleotide. Specifically, H. influenzae can be preferably used.
- the method for screening the P6 polynucleotide from the cDNA library is not particularly limited, and a normal method can be followed. Specifically, for example, for a polypeptide produced by cDNA, a method for selecting a corresponding cDNA clone by immunoscreening using the polypeptide-specific antibody, a probe that selectively binds to a target nucleotide sequence Examples thereof include plaque hybridization, colony hybridization, etc., and combinations thereof.
- Examples of the probe used here generally include DNA chemically synthesized based on information on the nucleotide sequence of the P6 polynucleotide.
- a sense primer and / or an antisense primer set based on the base sequence information of the polynucleotide of the present invention can also be used as a screening probe.
- a PCR method [Science 130, 13501985 (1985)] or a modified method of DNA or RNA can be preferably used.
- the RACE method Rapid amplification of cDNA ends; Frohman, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA., 8, 8998 (1988)] and the like are suitable.
- Primers used in adopting such a PCR method can be appropriately set based on the sequence information of the P6 polynucleotide, and can be synthesized according to a conventional method.
- isolation and purification of the amplified DNA or RNA fragment can be carried out according to a conventional method as described above, for example, by gel electrophoresis, hybridization or the like.
- a product of the polynucleotide (that is, the above-mentioned polypeptide) can be easily and stably produced in a large amount by using a normal genetic engineering technique.
- the expression vector expression vector is not particularly limited as long as it contains a P6 polynucleotide and can express the P6 polynucleotide, and is generally appropriately selected from the relationship with the host cell.
- the expression vector is, for example, a plasmid vector that can replicate in the host cell, and upstream of the polynucleotide so that the polynucleotide can be expressed in the vector.
- An expression plasmid to which a promoter and an SD (Shine and Dalgarno) base sequence are added can be mentioned. Specifically, mention may be made of P L promoter, the expression plasmid using T7 promoter and the lac promoter.
- Other preferred bacterial expression vectors include plasmids pKK233-2 and pKK233-3 using the tac promoter or trc promoter. However, it is not limited to these, and various known strains and vectors can also be used.
- the expression vector When vertebrate cells are used as host cells, the expression vector usually has a promoter located upstream of the polynucleotide to be expressed, an RNA splice site, a polyadenylation site, a transcription termination sequence, etc. Which may further have an origin of replication if necessary.
- Eukaryotic vectors useful for inserting the above polynucleotides are well known.
- suitable eukaryotic vectors include pCD and pCMV.
- pMSG and pSVL using MMTV or SV40 late promoter can be mentioned as necessary.
- Recombinant cells can be obtained by transformation with an expression vector containing the recombinant cell P6 polynucleotide.
- a host cell used for the recombinant cell either a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell may be used.
- a prokaryotic cell used as a host cell a bacterium often used in gene recombination can be used, and Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and the like can be exemplified. In particular, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, etc. can be mentioned as suitable examples.
- eukaryotic cells used as host cells include eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast and Aspergillus; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9; L cells, CHO cells, COS cells, HeLa cells, C127 cells, BALB / Examples include c3T3 cells (including mutant strains deficient in dihydrofolate reductase, thymidine kinase, etc.), BHK21 cells, HEK293 cells, Bowes melanoma cells, oocyte and plant cells.
- yeast and Aspergillus insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9
- L cells CHO cells, COS cells, HeLa cells, C127 cells, BALB / Examples include c3T3 cells (including mutant strains deficient in dihydrofolate reductase, thymidine kinase, etc.), BHK21 cells, HEK293 cells, Bowes melanom
- the method for introducing the expression vector into the host cell is not particularly limited, and various general methods can be employed.
- introduction of the above expression vector into a host cell is performed by Davis et al. (BASIC METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 1986) and Sambrook et al. (MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed. , 1989), etc., and can be carried out according to the methods described in many standard laboratory manuals, including calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, and microinjection. Cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction, infection, and the like.
- a P6 polypeptide can be produced by culturing a recombinant cell into which a P6 polynucleotide has been introduced and recovering the P6 polypeptide from the cell and / or culture.
- the culture may be performed by subculture or batch culture using a medium suitable for the host.
- the culture may be performed until an appropriate amount of P6 polypeptide is obtained using the amount of P6 polypeptide produced inside or outside the recombinant cell as an index.
- the medium used for the culture various media commonly used according to the employed host cells can be appropriately selected and used, and the culture can also be performed under conditions suitable for the growth of the host cells.
- the P6 polypeptide thus obtained may be subjected to various separation operations utilizing its physical properties, chemical properties, etc. [“Biochemical Data Book II”, pages 1175-1259, first edition, first, as desired. Jun. 23, 1980, published by Tokyo Chemical Co., Ltd .; see Biochemistry, 25 (25), 8274 (1986); Eur. J. Biochem., 163, 313 (1987), etc.]. Specifically, a method similar to the method for isolating and purifying the target protein described in the column of “extraction and isolation of antigen” below is exemplified.
- P6 following extraction and isolation method of the antigenic peptides from microorganisms having P6 polypeptide production ability a method for isolating and purifying the P6 peptides.
- microbial cells having the ability to produce P6 polypeptide are disrupted to obtain a crude extract of the microorganism.
- a method used in a normal microbial cell disruption process such as a treatment with a crusher such as a French press or a cell mill; an ultrasonic treatment under a hypotonic solution is used.
- the obtained crude extract may be further subjected to a purification treatment such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, organic solvent precipitation using ethanol or the like, or isoelectric point precipitation in order to increase the degree of purification.
- the crude extract is then subjected to treatments such as ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, various affinity chromatography, reverse layer chromatography, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, etc.
- a containing fraction can be obtained. Note that these chromatographic treatments may use an open column or HPLC as required. Further, the purity of the fraction containing the P6 polypeptide thus obtained can be estimated easily and visually by electrophoresis, particularly by SDS-PAGE.
- the P6 polypeptide is confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis; mass spectrometry using a mass spectrometer such as MALDI-TOF MS, ESI Q-TOF MS or MALDI Q-TOF MS; peptide mass fingerprinting, etc. You can also.
- P6 antigen peptide or P6 antigen peptide-recognizing antibody used for antibody acquisition measurement it can be acquired according to a conventional method. It is preferred to use polyclonal antibodies.
- polyclonal antibodies When producing a polyclonal antibody, it can be obtained by immunizing a warm-blooded animal such as a rabbit, sheep, guinea pig or chicken with an emulsion prepared by mixing the above antigen of interest with Freund's complete adjuvant multiple times. It is possible to obtain antisera according to conventional methods.
- the above immunizing antigen can be immunized multiple times to produce IgY in the eggs laid by the chickens, and IgY can be obtained from the egg yolks according to a conventional method.
- test sample may be H. influenzae or an extract of the bacteria.
- polyclonal antibody that recognizes the P6 antigen.
- Representative examples of the measurement apparatus using the immunological technique include ELISA and immunochromatography measurement apparatus.
- a technique using an antibody against a measurement target such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) can be cited as a suitable example.
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- a primary antibody (anti-P6 polyclonal antibody or anti-P4 polyclonal antibody) is usually immobilized on a 96-well plate, and a biological sample (blood, serum) Plasma, or other body fluid components, especially middle ear exudates such as ear leaks, throat swabs, urine) or, if necessary, diluted in an appropriate buffer and contacted with the antibody for a certain period of time.
- a labeled secondary antibody (labeled anti-P6 antibody or labeled P4 antibody) is reacted.
- the label is biotin
- color is developed by reacting avidin (or streptavidin) -labeled peroxidase and reacting with an appropriate reaction substrate (for example, TBM). After a certain time, colorimetric determination is performed by measuring at a predetermined wavelength, in this case 450 nm.
- avidin-labeled antibodies include peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose oxidase, and tyrosinase label.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is commercially available.
- the labeled antibody examples include a biotin-labeled antibody, on the other hand, avidin or streptavidin, or a secondary antibody such as peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose oxidase, and tyrosinase label.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is commercially available.
- sample pad affixed to one end of the plastic mount, followed by the part where the gold colloid-labeled anti-P6PoAb is held dry (gold pad), the nitrocellulose part, and the excess sample are absorbed. It consists of the part (absorption pad) to do.
- the sample pad and the absorbent pad are preferably made of glass fiber filter paper, cellulose, or cotton, or a mixture thereof. Nitrocellulose has a pore size of 1.0 to 20 ⁇ m (preferably 5.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m). desirable. Note that a gold pad is not required when the colloidal gold-labeled anti-P6PoAb is used in a solution state.
- the above P6PoAb is applied at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg / ml (preferably 0.2 to 5 mg / mL).
- goat having anti-rabbit IgG activity, IgG from mouse, etc. are applied at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg / mL.
- blocking is performed with protein or polymer.
- proteins such as BSA, casein, and gelatin, and polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used.
- the gold colloid preferably has a size of 20 to 150 nm (preferably 30 to 100 nm), and the antibody label may be adsorbed or covalently bound via other proteins.
- colored Latex particles and other noble metal colloids could be used instead of gold colloids.
- proteins such as BSA, casein, and gelatin, and polymers such as PVA, PVP, and PEG can be used as in nitrocellulose.
- the test strip assembled in this way may be used in a plastic case.
- kits composition including various reagents for an ELISA kit or an immunochromatography method can be provided.
- the kit includes an antibody against P4 antigen or P6 antigen.
- the kit includes albumin such as BSA, a secondary antibody, an enzyme substrate (when an enzyme is used as a label), and the like.
- the labeled antibody is a biotin-labeled antibody
- the measurement kit may contain peroxidase-labeled avidin as a secondary antibody.
- a whole Haemophilus influenzae diagnostic kit containing a substrate for the peroxidase and the like can be provided.
- Haemophilus influenzae in various infectious diseases can be specifically detected. Therefore, it can be determined that the pathogen of the infectious disease determined to be positive by the method of the present invention is H. influenzae.
- the target diseases of the present invention include respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and sepsis in infants and children, but otitis media has almost no infection with parainfluenza (International Journal of Pediatric Chemistry Otorhinolaryngology (2003) 67, 43-51). Therefore, the method of the present invention is particularly useful for measuring all Haemophilus influenzae in otitis media.
- Antigen preparation 1-1-1 Preparation of P6 antigen P6 antigen was performed by two methods of direct extraction from Haemophilus influenzae and preparation of E. coli recombinants.
- the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was suspended in the above buffer solution to which 10 ug / mL RNase A (SIGMA) was added, sonicated and again heated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. Subsequently, after a precipitate was obtained by centrifugation, a series of operations of suspending, sonicating and heating with a buffer solution without addition of RNase A was repeated twice.
- the precipitate after centrifugation was suspended in a buffer solution of 0.01 M Tris / 0.15 M NaCl (pH 7.4), sonicated, and heated at 65 ° C. for 30 minutes. The supernatant obtained by centrifugation was concentrated by centrifugal ultrafiltration and used as an antigen.
- E. coli Recombinant Direct PCR was performed using cells of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (ATCC No. 10211) as a template to amplify the P6 gene (mature form) lacking the signal sequence.
- Hib Haemophilus influenzae type b
- 5'-GCGGGATCCTGTAGTTCCTCTAACAACGATGCT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3) was used for the forward primer
- 5'-GCGGAGCTCGTACGCTAACACTGCACGACGGTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 4) was used for the reverse primer
- GeneAmp TM PCR System 9700 PE Applied Biosystems
- the amplified fragment obtained using TaKaRa Taq was inserted into a subcloning vector pCR TM 2.1 (Invitrogen). After confirming the sequence of the amplified P6 gene (mature form), the fragment excised using the BamHI and XhoI sites was inserted into the expression vector pET21a (MERCK), and the recombinant P6 expression plasmid (P6-pET21a) was inserted. Produced. After transduction into E. coli BL21, expression of recombinant P6 antigen was induced under conditions of 1 mM IPTG at 37 ° C. for 3 hours.
- P4 antigen Only E. coli recombinant was prepared as the P4 antigen. The production procedure is almost the same as that of the recombinant P6 antigen.
- P4 gene lacking a signal sequence was obtained by performing direct PCR using cells of non-encapsulated H. influenzae (NTHi) (ATCC No. 9333) as a template. (Shape form) was amplified.
- the amplified fragment obtained by using BamHI was subjected to restriction enzyme treatment with BamHI and XhoI, and then inserted into the expression vector pET21a using both of these sites to prepare recombinant P4 expression plasmid (P4m-pET21a). After transduction into E.
- PoAb Reactivity The potency of each PoAb prepared by the above method was evaluated by the following ELISA method. First, recombinant P4 antigen, recombinant P6 antigen and extracted P6 antigen, which are immunogens, were immobilized on an ELISA plate at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / mL, and then blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or the like. Recombinant P4 antigen solid-phase plate contains anti-P4PoAb purified from 2 individuals. Recombinant P6 antigen and extracted P6 antigen solid-phase plate each contain 4 kinds of anti-P6PoAbs obtained from 2 kinds of P6 antigens at 1 ⁇ g / each.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- P4 antigen detection sandwich ELISA The measurement procedure and the like are the same as the sandwich ELISA for detecting the P6 antigen, but anti-P4PoAb (anti-P4rec.PoAb No. 2) was immobilized on an ELISA plate at a concentration of 5 ⁇ g / mL and then blocked with BSA or the like. The antibody solid phase plate was allowed to react with an immunogen or a disrupted bacterial body that had been appropriately diluted. After washing, a biotin label of the same PoAb as the solid-phased anti-P4PoAb was reacted with each other, washed again, reacted with HRP-labeled streptavidin, and developed with TMB.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b An example of a dose-dependent curve is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- P4 antigens of 100 pg / mL or more can be detected, and NTHi disrupted cells can detect 10 3 to 10 7 CFU / mL. there were.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of evaluation of cross-reactivity to various bacteria shown in Table 1 by sandwich ELISA. As shown in FIG. All influenza strains were detected.
- the signal intensity of the test line depending on the cell concentration could be detected at 3 ⁇ 10 4 CFU / mL or more. From these results, an immunochromatographic measurement system for detecting Haemophilus influenzae antigen with anti-P6PoAb could be constructed.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記問題を解決することを課題とするもので、全てのインフルエンザ菌を同時に高感度に測定できる免疫学的測定方法及び、当該方法を利用した測定装置を提供することを課題とする。
また本発明は、インフルエンザ菌のP4抗原又はP6抗原認識抗体を含有することを特徴とする全インフルエンザ菌の免疫学的測定装置を提供するものである。
P6抗原に基づき説明する。P6ポリヌクレオチドは、配列番号1の配列情報に基づいて、化学的DNA合成法により製造、取得することができるが、一般的遺伝子工学的手法により容易に製造・取得することができる〔Molecular Cloning 2d Ed, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press (1989);続生化学実験講座「遺伝子研究法I、II、III」、日本生化学会編(1986)等参照〕。
化学的DNA合成法としては、フォスフォアミダイト法による固相合成法を例示することができる。この合成法には自動合成機を利用することができる。
また、一般的遺伝子工学的手法としては、具体的には、P6ポリヌクレオチドが発現される適当な起源より、常法に従ってcDNAライブラリーを調製し、該ライブラリーから、P6ポリヌクレオチドに特有の適当なプローブや抗体を用いて所望クローンを選択することにより実施できる〔Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA., 78, 6613 (1981);Science122,778 (1983)等〕。
ここで、cDNAの起源としては、P6ポリヌクレオチドを発現する微生物であれば特に制限されないが、具体的には、H.influenzaeを好適に用いることができる。
発現ベクターは、P6ポリヌクレオチドを含んでおり、且つ該P6ポリヌクレオチドを発現できるものであれば特に制限されず、一般に宿主細胞との関係から適宜選択される。
P6ポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクターによって形質転換させれば組換え細胞(形質転換体)が得られる。
組換え細胞に使用される宿主細胞としては、原核細胞及び真核細胞のいずれを使用してもよい。
宿主細胞として使用される原核細胞としては、遺伝子組換えで良く用いられる細菌を用いることができ、大腸菌、ストレプトミセス、枯草菌、ストレプトコッカス、スタフィロコッカス等を例示することができる。特に、大腸菌、枯草菌などを好適な例としてあげることができる。
宿主細胞として使用される真核細胞としては、例えば、酵母、アスペルギルス等の真核微生物;ドロソフィラS2、スポドプテラSf9等の昆虫細胞;L細胞、CHO細胞、COS細胞、HeLa細胞、C127細胞、BALB/c3T3細胞(ジヒドロ葉酸レダクターゼやチミジンキナーゼなどを欠損した変異株を含む)、BHK21細胞、HEK293細胞、Bowesメラノーマ細胞、卵母細胞等の動植物細胞等を例示することができる。
P6ポリヌクレオチドが導入された組換え細胞を培養し、細胞及び又は培養物からP6ポリペプチドを回収することにより、P6ポリペプチドを製造することができる。
該培養に用いられる培地としては、採用した宿主細胞に応じて慣用される各種のものを適宜選択利用でき、培養も宿主細胞の生育に適した条件下で実施できる。
以下、P6ポリペプチド産生能を有する微生物から、P6ペプチドを単離精製する方法について説明する。先ず、P6ポリペプチド産生能を有する微生物の菌体を破砕し、該微生物の粗抽出物を得る。ここで、菌体の破砕には、フレンチプレス、セルミル等の破砕機による処理;低張溶液下超音波処理等の通常の菌体破砕処理に使用されている方法が使用される。また、得られた粗抽出物には、適当な緩衝液を添加しておいてもよい。
測定に用いるP6抗原ペプチド又はP6抗原ペプチド認識抗体の取得に関しては、常法に従い取得することができる。ポリクローナル抗体を使用するのが好ましい。
ポリクローナル抗体を作製する場合は、ウサギ、ヒツジ、モルモット、ニワトリのような温血動物に、上記目的抗原を通常、フロイントの完全アジュバントと混和して調製した乳化物を、複数回免疫し、得られる抗血清を常法に従い取得することが可能である。また、ニワトリの場合には、上記免疫抗原を複数回免疫して、該ニワトリが産卵する鶏卵にIgYを産生させ、そして該鶏卵の卵黄より、常法に従いIgYを取得することができる。
本発明インフルエンザ菌の測定方法は、P6抗原又はP4抗原を認識するポリクロナール抗体を用いるのが好ましい。被検試料はインフルエンザ菌或いは当該菌の抽出物であってもよい。このうちP6抗原を認識するポリクローナル抗体を用いるのが、特に好ましい。
本免疫学的手法を利用した測定装置としては、ELISA及びイムノクロマト測定装置を代表例として挙げることができる。他の例としてラジオイムノアッセイ法(RIA)などの測定対象物に対する抗体を利用した手法を好適な例として挙げることができる。
例えば、サンドイッチ法の場合であれば、通常96穴プレートに対して、一次抗体(抗P6ポリクロナール抗体又は抗P4ポリクローナル抗体)をプレートに固相化しておき、生体由来試料(血液、血清、血漿、或いは他の体液成分特に耳漏れなどの中耳浸出液や咽頭ぬぐい液、尿)或いは、必要に応じて、適当な緩衝液に希釈したものを添加し一定時間抗体と接触させることにより結合させる。その後、適当な緩衝液で洗浄を行った後、標識2次抗体(標識抗P6抗体又は標識P4抗体)を反応させる。例えば、標識体がビオチンであればアビジン(或いはストレプトアビジン)標識ペルオキシダーゼを反応させ、適当な反応基質(例えばTBM)を作用させることにより発色させる。一定時間後、所定の波長この場合であれば450nmで測定することにより、比色定量を行う。アビジン標識抗体にペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)やアルカリホスファターゼ、酸ホスファターゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ及びチロシナーゼ標識などが考えられる。基質としては、市販で一般に使用されているものであれば特に制限はない。
標識抗体としては、ビオチン標識抗体、これに対してアビジン又はストレプトアビジン、或いは、2次抗体にペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)やアルカリホスファターゼ、酸ホスファターゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ及びチロシナーゼ標識などが挙げられる。基質としては、市販で一般に使用されているものであれば特に制限はない。
イムノクロマトの構造は図6に示す一般的手法に従うことができる。簡略にはプラスティック台紙上の片側末端に貼り付けられたサンプルアプライ部分(サンプルパッド)、続いて金コロイド標識抗P6PoAbを乾燥保持させた部分(ゴールドパッド)、ニトロセルロース部分、及び過剰なサンプルを吸収する部分(吸収パッド)から構成される。サンプルパッド及び吸収パッドにはガラス繊維濾紙やセルロース製、又はコットン製、さらにはそれらの混合体の濾紙が望ましく、ニトロセルロースはポアサイズ1.0~20μm(好ましくは5.0~10.0μm)が望ましい。なお金コロイド標識抗P6PoAbを溶液状態で使用する場合にはゴールドパッドは必要としない。
被検試料中のP4抗原量若しくはP6抗原量を測定することにより、中耳炎患者等におけるインフルエンザ菌感染の有無を測定することが出来る。すなわち、ELISAキット又はイムノクロマト法のための各種試薬を含めたキット組成物を提供することができる。特に、キット中には、P4抗原若しくはP6抗原に対する抗体を含む。キットには他に、BSAなどのアルブミン、2次抗体、酵素の基質(標識として酵素を使用した場合)などが含まれる。例えば、標識抗体がビオチン標識抗体であれば、該測定キットには2次抗体としてペルオキシダーゼ標識アビジンを含み得る。また、該ペルオキシダーゼに対する基質等を含む全インフルエンザ菌診断キットが提供できる。
P6又はP4各蛋白質を、菌体からの直接抽出又は大腸菌リコンビナントとして作製し、ウサギに免疫することでポリクローナル抗体を得た。続いて得られた抗体によりELISA系を構築し評価した。さらに、イムノクロマト系に転化し迅速診断の可能性を検討した。
1-1-1.P6抗原の調製
P6抗原はインフルエンザ菌からの直接抽出及び大腸菌リコンビナント作製の2法により実施した。
Kodama等の方法(Infection and Immunity, 68, 2294-2300(2000))に従い、菌体からP6抗原を抽出した。すなわち、無莢膜型インフルエンザ菌(NTHi(ATCC No.9333))をバシトラシン添加チョコレート寒天培地(BD社)上で培養し、掻き取り法や遠心法により沈殿物として回収した。沈澱を1%SDS/0.1M Tris/0.5M NaCl/0.1% 2-メルカプトエタノール(pH8.0)の緩衝液に懸濁、超音波破砕後に37℃、30分間加温した。遠心で得られた沈殿物を10ug/mL RNase A(SIGMA社)を添加した上記の緩衝液で懸濁、超音波破砕し再度37℃、30分間加温した。続いて遠心で沈殿物を得た後にRNase A無添加の緩衝液で懸濁、超音波破砕、加温の一連の操作を2回繰り返した。遠心後の沈殿物を0.01M Tris/0.15M NaCl(pH7.4)の緩衝液に懸濁し、超音波破砕後、65℃、30分間加温した。遠心にて得られた上清を遠心型限外濾過により濃縮し、これを抗原として使用した。
インフルエンザ菌b型(Hib)(ATCC No.10211)の菌体をテンプレートに用いてdirect PCRを行いシグナル配列の欠いたP6遺伝子(mature form)を増幅した。フォワードプライマーには5'-GCGGGATCCTGTAGTTCCTCTAACAACGATGCT-3'(配列番号3)を、リバースプライマーには5'-GCGGAGCTCGTACGCTAACACTGCACGACGGTT-3'(配列番号4)を使用し、GeneAmpTM PCR System 9700(PE Applied Biosystems社)でTaKaRa rTaq(TaKaRa社)を使用し得られた増幅断片をサブクローニング用ベクターpCRTM 2.1(Invitrogen社)に挿入した。増幅したP6遺伝子(mature form)の配列を確認後、続けてBamHI、XhoIサイトを利用して切り出した断片を発現ベクターpET21a(MERCK社)に挿入し、リコンビナントP6発現用plasmid(P6-pET21a)を作製した。大腸菌BL21に形質導入後、1mM IPTG、37℃、3時間の条件下でリコンビナントP6抗原の発現誘導を行った。遠心による集菌後、BugBusterTM Protein Extraction Reagent(MERCK社)で溶菌し、遠心操作により可溶性画分を回収した。ヒスチジンタグの結合したリコンビナントP6抗原は、平衡化用緩衝液(100mM Phosphate,300mM NaCl,50mM imidazole,pH7.8)にて平衡化済みのNiカラム(HisTrapTM HP;GE Healthcare社)へ結合させ、平衡化用緩衝液、洗浄用緩衝液(100mM Phosphate,300mM NaCl,50mM imidazole,pH6)で順次洗浄後、溶出用緩衝液(100mM Phosphate,300mM NaCl,200mM imidazole,pH6)で溶出した。精製後のリコンビナントP6抗原はD-PBS(-)で4℃、1晩の透析を行ったのちに遠心型限外濾過により濃縮した。
P4抗原は大腸菌リコンビナントのみ作製した。作製手順等はリコンビナントP6抗原とほぼ同様であるが、まず、無莢膜型インフルエンザ菌(NTHi)(ATCC No.9333)の菌体をテンプレートに用いてdirect PCRを行いシグナル配列の欠いたP4遺伝子(mature form)を増幅した。フォワードプライマーには5'-GCGGGATCCTGTGGTTCACACCAAATGAAATC-3'(配列番号5)を、リバースプライマーには5'-GCGCTCGAGTTTACCATCCCAAGCTTGTACTG-3'(配列番号6)を使用し、GeneAmpTM PCR System 9700でTaKaRa ExTaq(TaKaRa社)を使用し得られた増幅断片をBamHI、XhoIによる制限酵素処理後、これら両サイトを利用して発現ベクターpET21aに挿入し、リコンビナントP4発現用plasmid(P4m-pET21a)を作製した。大腸菌BL21に形質導入後、1mM IPTG、37℃、3時間の条件下でリコンビナントP4抗原の発現誘導を行った。遠心による集菌後、BugBusterTM Protein Extraction Reagentで溶菌し、遠心操作により可溶性画分を回収した。ヒスチジンタグの結合したリコンビナントP4抗原は、平衡化用緩衝液にて平衡化済みのNiカラムへ結合させ、平衡化用緩衝液、洗浄用緩衝液で順次洗浄後、溶出用緩衝液で溶出した。精製後のリコンビナントP4抗原はD-PBS(-)で4℃、1晩の透析を行ったのちに遠心型限外濾過により濃縮した。
得られた各免疫原をウサギの皮下にフロイント等のアジュバントと共に免疫した。免疫量は100μg/bodyを用い、隔週で5~6回程の免疫を行った。各抗原につき2個体ずつ免疫し、得られた全血を遠心分離後、抗血清として凍結保管した。抗血清は適量を解凍後、Protein Aを用いたアフィニティ精製やゲル濾過により精製し、得られた抗体をポリクローナル抗体(PoAb)として使用した。
上記方法により作製した各PoAbの力価は以下のELISA法により評価した。まず、免疫原であるリコンビナントP4抗原、リコンビナントP6抗原及び抽出P6抗原を1μg/mLの濃度でそれぞれELISAプレートに固相化後、牛血清アルブミン(BSA)等でブロッキングした。リコンビナントP4抗原固相プレートには、2個体から精製した抗P4PoAbを、またリコンビナントP6抗原及び抽出P6抗原固相プレートには2種のP6抗原より得られた計4種の抗P6PoAbを各1μg/mLの濃度で反応させた。洗浄後、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)標識した抗ウサギIgG抗体(ZYMED社)を反応させ、3,3’,5,5’-テトラメチルベンジジン(TMB)で発色させた。なお、コントロール抗原としてBSA固相プレートを使用した。さらに、得られた各PoAbの菌体への反応性を確認するために、NTHiを界面活性剤又は超音波等により破砕したNTHi(ATCC No.9333)の破砕菌体を、1μg/mLで固相化したプレートを用いて同様にELISAを行った。結果は、図1のa、bに示すが抗P4、抗P6PoAbの何れも、免疫原だけでなく、破砕菌体に対しても反応性を有することから、インフルエンザ菌抗原検出サンドイッチELISAの構築が可能と推測された。
2-1.P6抗原検出用サンドイッチELISA
抗P6PoAb(抗NTHi P6PoAb No.2)を5μg/mLの濃度でそれぞれELISAプレートに固相化後、BSA等でブロッキングした。本抗体固相プレートに対し、適宜段階希釈した免疫原又は破砕菌体を反応させた。洗浄後、固相した抗P6PoAbと同一のPoAbのビオチン標識体をそれぞれ反応させ、再度洗浄後、HRP標識したストレプトアビジンを反応させ、TMBで発色させた。用量依存曲線の一例を図2のa、bに示すが、30pg/mL以上のP6抗原を検出可能であり、またNTHi(ATCC No.8149)の破砕菌体では、103~107CFU/mLの検出が可能であった。
上記サンドイッチELISAにより、表1に示す各種細菌類への交差反応性を評価した結果を図3に示すが、目的通りに莢膜型、無莢膜型両方のインフルエンザ菌株すべてを検出した。
測定手順等は上記P6抗原検出用サンドイッチELISAと同じであるが、抗P4PoAb(抗P4rec.PoAb No.2)を5μg/mLの濃度でそれぞれELISAプレートに固相化後、BSA等でブロッキングした。本抗体固相プレートに対し、適宜段階希釈した免疫原又は破砕菌体を反応させた。洗浄後、固相した抗P4PoAbと同一のPoAbのビオチン標識体をそれぞれ反応させ、再度洗浄後、HRP標識したストレプトアビジンを反応させ、TMBで発色させた。用量依存曲線の一例を図4のa、bに示すが、100pg/mL以上のP4抗原を検出可能であり、またNTHiの破砕菌体では、103~107CFU/mLの検出が可能であった。
サンドイッチELISAにより、表1に示す各種細菌類への交差反応性を評価した結果を図5に示すが、目的通りに莢膜型、無莢膜型両方のインフルエンザ菌株すべてを検出した。
3-2.抗P6PoAbを用いたサンドイッチイムノクロマトの性能
上記操作によって作製した金コロイド標識抗P6PoAbを、界面活性剤を含有するリン酸緩衝液等で希釈後に抽出P6抗原と混和し図7の右側に示すような手法を用いて、抗体固相テストストリップに展開した。上記緩衝液で洗浄後、現れた各テストラインの信号強度をデンシトメーターにより解析し数値化した。結果、図8のa、bに示すように、免疫原では今回の測定最小濃度1ng/mL以上でテストラインの信号強度の検出が可能であった。またNTHiの破砕菌体では3x104CFU/mL以上において菌体濃度依存的なテストラインの信号強度の検出が可能であった。これらの結果から、抗P6PoAbによりインフルエンザ菌抗原を検出するイムノクロマト測定系の構築ができた。
Claims (6)
- インフルエンザ菌のP4抗原又はP6抗原認識抗体を用いることを特徴とする全インフルエンザ菌の免疫学的測定方法。
- 抗体がポリクローナル抗体である請求項1記載の測定方法。
- 測定系が、ELISA又はイムノクロマトである請求項1又は2記載の測定法。
- インフルエンザ菌のP4抗原又はP6抗原認識抗体を含有することを特徴とする全インフルエンザ菌の免疫学的測定装置。
- 抗体がポリクローナル抗体である請求項4記載の測定装置。
- 測定系が、ELISA又はイムノクロマトである請求項4又は5記載の測定装置。
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JP2014523525A (ja) * | 2011-06-06 | 2014-09-11 | ネイションワイド チルドレンズ ホスピタル, インコーポレイテッド | プロテオミクスに基づく、慢性副鼻腔炎の診断用検出方法 |
JP2019507887A (ja) * | 2016-03-14 | 2019-03-22 | 北京康華源科技発展有限公司 | 遠心分離検出方法および装置 |
WO2022154094A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 飲食品検体、環境検体、又は生体検体中の細菌の有無及び/又は存在量を検出するための方法及びキット |
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AU2010204066B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
CN102216781B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2375253A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
CA2748861A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
AU2010204066A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
KR20110111381A (ko) | 2011-10-11 |
JPWO2010079739A1 (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
EP2657704A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CN102216781A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
US20110294143A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
EP2375253A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
JP5442641B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
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