WO2010075769A1 - 一种解吸电离装置 - Google Patents

一种解吸电离装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010075769A1
WO2010075769A1 PCT/CN2009/076175 CN2009076175W WO2010075769A1 WO 2010075769 A1 WO2010075769 A1 WO 2010075769A1 CN 2009076175 W CN2009076175 W CN 2009076175W WO 2010075769 A1 WO2010075769 A1 WO 2010075769A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
gas
desorption ionization
corona discharge
metal tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/076175
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙文剑
杨晓辉
丁力
Original Assignee
株式会社岛津制作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社岛津制作所 filed Critical 株式会社岛津制作所
Priority to US13/141,864 priority Critical patent/US8242459B2/en
Publication of WO2010075769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010075769A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02Details
    • H01J49/10Ion sources; Ion guns
    • H01J49/16Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
    • H01J49/168Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission field ionisation, e.g. corona discharge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a desorption ionization technique at normal temperature and pressure, and more particularly to a device for desorbing and ionizing a sample surface of a sample using a corona discharge beam. Background technique
  • DESI charged droplets
  • DART metastable gas molecules
  • Atmospheric-pressure Solid Analysis Probe (ASAP; Analytical Chemistry, vol. 77, p. 7826 (2005)) and Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (DAPCI; American invention) Patent 2,070,187,589).
  • ASAP Atmospheric-pressure Solid Analysis Probe
  • DAPCI Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
  • the high-speed air stream is discharged when the capillary outlet of the sharp needle protruding from the inside is punched out.
  • the ions generated by the corona discharge interact with the measured substance on the surface to form the entire ionization process.
  • the three methods of DART, ASAP and DAPCI discussed above all involve the use of a DC power source to generate a corona discharge at the tip of the needle to form ions that interact with the gas phase or condensed phase sample to further ionize.
  • the corona discharge based on the above method, that is, the plasma is only visible at the discharge tip, and thus the analyzed area of the surface of the object to be tested cannot be very determined.
  • the plasma ion source is preferably capable of producing a visible and extended plasma, thereby facilitating accurate control of the sampling area.
  • the present invention provides a desorption ionization apparatus comprising a gas source, a gas flow conduit, a heating tube, a metal tube, a DC voltage source, and a sample holder.
  • the gas source is capable of providing pressures in excess of one atmosphere.
  • a gas flow conduit for transporting gas from the gas source.
  • a gas flow heating tube is used to heat the gas from the gas source.
  • the metal tube is connected to the gas flow conduit by a gas flow heating tube to discharge heated gas to the outlet of the metal tube, wherein a tip end is provided at the outlet of the metal tube.
  • a DC voltage source that is used to supply high voltage to the metal tube.
  • a sample holder for placing a sample located in front of the metal tube outlet tip and adjacent to an ion analyzer ion introduction port.
  • the heated gas passing through the metal tube forms a visible corona discharge beam extending toward the surface of the sample at the tip end of the metal tube outlet, so that at least a portion of the sample passes through and the corona discharge beam
  • the emitted particles interact to be desorbed and ionized.
  • a corona discharge beam is formed at the tip end of the metal tube, extending 8 to 12 mm through a ring electrode as a counter electrode for the corona discharge.
  • the corona discharge beam is clearly visible with a tip at the end. Therefore, when the tip of the corona discharge beam is scanned over the surface of a solid sample, the sampled area of the object to be measured can be clearly observed, thereby accurately positioning the sample sampling area and avoiding any interference from non-measurement points in the sample.
  • Water or organic solvent can be vaporized through the gas flow heating tube and injected into the metal tube to ensure the stability of the corona discharge beam and enhance the ionization efficiency.
  • the desorption ionization apparatus of the present invention can produce a visible corona discharge beam at atmospheric pressure at a voltage and current that can be provided by a conventional commercial ion source, thereby facilitating accurate positioning of the sample sampling area.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of a desorption/ionization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a positive ion mode mass spectrum obtained after ionization of an atrazine sample attached to a ceramic surface by a corona discharge beam (heated at 200 ° C).
  • Figure 3 shows a positive ion mode mass spectrum obtained after ionization of melamine attached to a ceramic surface by a corona discharge beam (heating at 350 ° C).
  • Figure 4 shows a negative ion mode mass spectrum obtained after ionization of acephate attached to a ceramic surface by a corona discharge beam (heating at 350 ° C).
  • FIG. 1 shows a desorption ionization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the structure comprising a sample probe 100 for generating a corona discharge beam, a sample holder 2 for placing a sample 20, and a sample for introducing ions into the ion.
  • the ion introduction port 3 of the instrument (not shown).
  • a beam of gas preferably helium
  • the discharge gas can be heated by the gas flow heating tube 1 to 150 to 500 °C before reaching the sample 20.
  • the desorbed molecules can be ionized in the gas phase by the action of particles generated by corona discharge.
  • the ionized ions 10 can then enter the mass spectrometer or other ion analyzer through the ion inlet 3.
  • Solid analytes need to be thermally desorbed into the gas phase on the surface, so the sample is usually volatile or semi-volatile.
  • the ionization mechanism in the present invention is that the analyte molecules desorbed from the surface of the sample pass through the metastable helium atom in the plasma beam, the helium ions formed directly in the discharge, and the atmosphere from the metastable substance. It is formed by the interaction of ions formed by molecules.
  • the tip of the metal tube 4 exit points to the sample.
  • the outer diameter of the metal tube 4 is preferably
  • the inner diameter is preferably between 0.3 and 1.2 mm, which is less than the outer diameter.
  • the metal pipe 4 is inserted into a joint 5 made of machinable ceramic for connecting the air flow heating pipe 11 and the metal pipe 4, and to ensure the airtightness of the connection.
  • Another function of this connector 5 is to act as an insulating material between the counter electrode 7 and the high voltage discharge voltage access terminal. High-voltage discharge voltage from an external high-voltage direct current
  • the pressure source 8 is provided and led to the metal tube through a small hole in the side of the joint 5.
  • the counter electrode 7 should be placed on the top of the joint (near the side of the sample), and its plane should be 3-7 mm mm in front of the tip end of the metal tube outlet.
  • the counter electrode 7 In order to pass the corona discharge beam smoothly, it is not led to the counter electrode, and a circular hole is formed in the center of the counter electrode 7, and the aperture is preferably 4 to 6 mm.
  • the counter electrode 7 has a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm.
  • the flow rate of the discharge gas can be adjusted manually or by computer control via a pressure valve.
  • the gas flow rate is preferably controlled between 85 and 170 m/s).
  • the discharge gas is preferably helium, and other inert gases such as argon may be used.
  • the solvent and gas delivery structures e.g., gas source, gas flow conduit 6, solvent conduit 12, metal tube 4
  • electrical resistance heater 9 in the apparatus can be retrofitted from existing commercial APCI sources, and the above can also be used. Self-made parts.
  • the discharge voltage is supplied by a DC voltage source 8, preferably between 2 and 5 kV.
  • the internal resistance of the DC voltage source 8 is preferably relatively large (greater than 100 ⁇ ) to limit the current of the corona discharge and maintain a stable plasma discharge beam.
  • the current through the metal tube is typically between 2 and 20 ⁇ and its magnitude is related to the flow rate of the solvent. A few tens of microamps of current is typically available from existing commercial APCI sources.
  • the solvent can be delivered to the gas line conduit 6 via a liquid chromatography pump or a syringe pump for direct injection.
  • the solvent may be various organic solvents or water depending on the sample to be analyzed.
  • the gas flow heating tube 11 is equipped with a resistance heater 9 capable of heating to 500 ° C. Therefore, if the temperature of the resistance heater is set high enough, the solvent can be vaporized before reaching the metal tube 4.
  • the flow rate of the solvent is preferably controlled between 10 and 100 ⁇ . Within this flow rate range, the higher the flow rate, the lower the current of the corona discharge and the more stable the corona discharge beam 1 produced.
  • the addition of solvent can increase the ionization efficiency of the ion source by adding the required gas phase ions (such as hydrated ions produced by adding water as a solvent) to the ionization process.
  • the addition of a solvent stabilizes the stability of the corona discharge beam and reduces the possibility of plasma jitter.
  • the separation of the solid sample from the surface is a thermal desorption process. Therefore, the set temperature of the electric resistance heater 9 is critical to control the efficiency of the desorption process. For highly volatile samples such as dichlorvos and dimethoate, a heater temperature of 150 ° C is sufficient to desorb the sample, while for relatively low volatility samples such as valproate, a heater temperature of 350 ° C enables The sample desorbed well. It is worth noting that as the temperature on the heater increases, the stability of the corona discharge beam decreases. This may be caused by high temperatures The local density of the discharge region is reduced, thereby increasing the local electric field (E/N) in the region and disturbing the stable operation of the corona discharge beam. However, such instability of the discharge caused by the high temperature can also be compensated for by adding a solvent to the gas path pipe 6 as described above.
  • E/N local electric field
  • a corona discharge beam having a diameter of about 0.5 mm can be generated at the tip end of the metal pipe outlet, and Extend 8-12 mm outward.
  • the appearance of the corona discharge beam 1 is usually blue, and when water is added as a solvent, the color of the corona discharge beam 1 becomes purple.
  • the corona discharge beam 1 has a sharp end (see the left end of the corona discharge beam 1 in Fig. 1). When it is swept across the surface of the sample, the area to be measured is clearly visible, greatly increasing the control over the analysis sample interval.
  • the angle between the corona discharge beam 1 and the sample holder 2 can vary from 0° to 90°, but in order to obtain a smaller sampling interval, the angle of 90° is better.
  • the inlet 3 of the mass spectrometer or other ion analyzer should be as close as possible to the position where the corona discharge beam is hit (within 5 mm) to increase the efficiency of ion transport.
  • the material of the sample holder 2 can be made of metal or ceramic, or other materials that are resistant to high temperatures and are chemically stable. Ceramic materials are the first choice for sample rack materials due to their low thermal conductivity (fast local heating) and good heat resistance.
  • test object can be directly sandwiched on the sample holder 2 for testing; for samples dissolved in the solvent, a small amount of solution can be taken to the sample holder 2, and then tested after being dried.
  • Solid sample sections can also be placed on the sample holder 2 and the surface of the sample is scanned using a corona discharge beam 1.
  • the desorption ionization apparatus of the present invention can also operate in a negative ion mode, except that the polarity of the high voltage DC voltage source 8 is switched, and other operating conditions are substantially the same as those of the positive ion mode. Some compounds with weak proton affinity are more suitable for detection in this mode.
  • Figure 2 shows the mass spectrum of 1 ng of atrazine after it was detected on the ceramic sample holder 2.
  • the experimental conditions are discharge voltage 2.5 kV in positive ion mode, solvent flow (water) flow rate 50 ⁇ 7 ⁇ , and helium gas flow rate 2 L/mino resistance heater 9 maintained at about 200 °C throughout the operation.
  • Figure 3 shows the mass spectrum of l ng of melamine after it was detected on the ceramic sample holder 2.
  • the temperature of the electric resistance heater 9 was maintained at about 350 ° C, other experimental conditions were the same as those obtained by obtaining the data of Fig. 2 .
  • Figure 4 shows the mass spectrum of 1 ng of acephate after being detected on the ceramic sample holder 2.
  • the experimental mode of this experiment was negative ion mode, and other experimental conditions were the same as those obtained by obtaining the data of Fig. 3.
  • the above results show that the desorption ionization apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is capable of directly analyzing volatile or semi-volatile samples from the surface of the sample.
  • the visible corona discharge beam is indeed able to accurately position the sampling area and enables contour scanning of the sample slice surface.
  • the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the possibilities of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can conveniently design various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the shape of the inner hole of the counter electrode may be not only a circular shape but also other polygonal shapes; the position of the sample holder and the corona discharge beam can Further adjustable in the X, y and z directions to accommodate the needs of direct analysis of samples of different sizes.

Description

一种解吸电离装置 技术领域
本发明涉及常温常压下的解吸电离技术, 尤其涉及使用电晕放电束对样品表 面被测物进行解吸电离的装置。 背景技术
随着液相色谱-质谱联用系统在分析复杂混合物上的广泛应用,大气压下工 作的离子源例如电喷雾离子源和大气压化学电离源已经在食品安全、 环境保护 和国家安全等领域扮演了重要角色。 然而, 分析过程中大量的时间被花费在了 样品引入分析系统前的预处理过程中, 从而妨碍了这些分析技术在各工业领域 中实现实时、 快速操作。 这一问题随着一些前沿的直接分析方法例如解吸电喷 雾电离法 (Desorption Electrospray Ionization, DESI; 《Science》杂志, 第 306 卷, 471页(2004年))和实时直接分析法 (Direct Analysis in Real Time , DART; 《 Analytical Chemistry》 杂志, 第 77卷, 2297页 (2005年) )等的出现, 而部 分得到解决。
以上两个技术使用了电喷雾过程中产生的带电液滴(DESI )或者是放电管 中形成的离子和亚稳态气体分子混合物 (DART;),与固体表面的样品相互作用而 形成离子, 并且携带离子进入质谱仪。 在 DART技术中, 离子源中的离子和亚 稳态物种也能够使挥发样品直接电离。
此后, 许多无需样品预处理的大气压电离技术随之出现。 例如, 大气压固 态样品探针 ( Atmospheric-pressure Solid Analysis Probe , ASAP; Analytical Chemistry》 杂志, 第 77卷, 7826页 (2005年) ) 和解吸大气压化学电离法 ( Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, DAPCI; 美国发明专 利 20070187589 ) 。 在 ASAP技术中, 从一探头中喷出的气流经过加热直接吹 在位于气体管路出口和质谱仪入口附近的固体样品上。 随后被热解吸的样品在 位于附近的电晕放电针电离后进入质谱仪中。 在 DAPCI方法中, 高速气流在 冲出安装了从内部突出尖锐针头的毛细管出口时放电。 由电晕放电产生的离子 和表面的被测物质相互作用而形成了整个离子化过程。 上述讨论的 DART, ASAP和 DAPCI三个方法全部涉及使用一个直流电源 在针尖产生电晕放电来形成离子, 所形成离子与气相或者凝聚相样品相互作用 而进一步产生电离。 但是基于上述方法的电晕放电有一个限制, 即等离子体仅 在放电针尖处可见, 因此被测物表面的被分析区域是不能非常确定的。 而 2005 年以后发展起来的一些其它的基于等离子体技术的直接分析方法没有类似的 问题。
例如, 等离子体辅助解吸电离 (Plasma Assisted Desorption Ionization, PADI; Analytical Chemistry》 杂志, 第 79卷, 6094页 (2007年) ) 和流动 余辉-大气压辉光放电 ( Flowing Afterglow- Atmospheric Pressure Glow Disch -arge, FA-APGD; ((Analytical Chemistry))杂志, 第 80卷, 2654页 ( 2008 ) ) 两种技术是利用辉光放电作为离子源从气体中和固体表面直接产生离子。 两种 方法都使用氦气作为放电气体, 并且电流大小相似(几十毫安) 。 在 PADI中, 辉光放电是通过一个振幅为几百伏的射频电压产生, 而在 FA-APGD方法中使 用是 500伏左右的直流电压。 不同于上文所述基于电晕放电的离子源, 辉光放 电离子源如 PADI和 FA-APGD通常具有发光等离子体, 并且能够从气体出口 延伸到样品, 这样可以方便的调节离子化区域。
最近张新荣的介质阻挡放电离子化法 ( Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ioniza -tion, DBDI; 《Journal of American Society for Mass Spectrometry》 杂志, 第 18卷, 1859页 (2007 ) ) 和 R. G. Cooks的低温等离子体电离法 (Low Te mperature Plasma, LTP ; 《 Analytical Chemistry》杂志, 第 80卷, 9097页 ( 2 008 ) ) 利用介质阻挡放电等离子体作为离子化探针进行直接分析。 两种技术 虽然在几何结构上不同, 但是他们原理十分相似, 都使用了介质阻挡放电在周 围空气中产生离子来进一步电离样品表面的被测分析物, 而放电产生的等离子 体温度与环境温度相近。 上述方法使用的射频电压振幅约几千伏。 由此产生的 等离子体也是可见的, 能够用来做定位。
然而几乎上述所有具备发光等离子体的方法都需要高振幅的射频电压, 从而导致了在当前使用直流电压进行离子化的商业化离子源 APCI和 ESI基础 上的改装具有一定困难。 虽然前述的 FA-APGD方法使用直流电压产生辉光放 电, 然而该法需要一个充满氦气的容器, 这也增加了改装的难度。 同时, 产生 这类等离子体的高温(400-700°C) 需要几十 mA的电流, 一般商用仪器的离子 源所配备的高压电源是不能提供的。
为了发展一种简便而实用的基于等离子体的直接分析用离子源, 应该在对 目前常见的商业化大气压离子源如 APCI源做最小修改的基础上进行开发。 同 时, 该等离子体离子源最好能够产生可见并延伸在外的等离子体, 从而可以方 便准确地控制采样区域。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种解吸电离装置, 在只需直流电压的条件下, 使用 可见的解吸电晕放电束在大气压下对样品表面被测物进行解吸电离。
为此, 本发明提出一种解吸电离装置, 包括气源、 气流管道、 加热管、 金 属管、 直流电压源和样品架。 该气源能够提供超过一个大气压的压力。 气流管 道, 用于传输来自该气源的气体。 气流加热管用于加热来自气源的气体。 该金 属管通过气流加热管与该气流管道相连接, 以向该金属管的出口导出被加热的 气体, 其中在该金属管的出口处具有一尖端。 直流电压源, 用于给该金属管提 供高压。 样品架, 用于放置样品, 该样品位于该金属管出口尖端的前方, 并与 一离子分析仪的离子引入口相邻。 当该直流电压源向金属管施加高压时, 通过 该金属管的加热气体在该金属管出口的尖端处形成向着该样品表面延伸的可 见电晕放电束, 使得至少一部分样品通过和电晕放电束发出的粒子的相互作用 而被解吸和电离。
电晕放电束形成于金属管的尖端, 延伸出 8到 12毫米, 穿过一个作为电 晕放电对电极的环电极。 电晕放电束清晰可见, 其末尾处有一个尖端。 因此, 当电晕放电束的尖端扫描过一个固体样品表面时, 可以清楚观察到被测物的取 样区域,从而对样品取样区域准确定位,避免任何来自样品中非测量点的干扰。
水或有机溶剂可以流过气流加热管汽化后注入到金属管中来保证电晕放 电束的稳定和增强离子化效率。
因此, 本发明的解吸电离装置可在大气压下以普通商用离子源能够提供的 电压和电流下产生可见的电晕放电束, 从而方便对样品取样区域准确定位。 附图概述
本发明的特征、 性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步描述。
图 1 是本发明一实施例的解吸电离装置的结构图。
图 2显示附着在陶瓷表面的阿特拉津样品通过电晕放电束(加热 200°C)电离 后获得的正离子模式质谱图。
图 3显示附着在陶瓷表面的三聚氰胺通过电晕放电束(加热 350°C)电离后获 得的正离子模式质谱图。
图 4显示附着在陶瓷表面的乙酰甲胺磷通过电晕放电束(加热 350°C)电离后 获得的负离子模式质谱图。 本发明的最佳实施方式
图 1显示了本发明一实施例的解吸电离装置, 其结构包括一个用于产生电 晕放电束的样品探头 100, 一个用于放置样品 20的样品架 2, 以及一个用于将 离子引入离子分析仪 (图未示) 的离子引入口 3。 当一束气流 (最好是氦气) 以 1至 2 L/min的流速通过金属管 4时, 如果在金属管出口处的尖端上施加一 个 2至 5 kV的直流高压,那么一个电晕放电束就会在尖端处形成。为达到对样 品进行热解吸的目的, 放电气体在到达样品 20前能够被气流加热管 1 1加热到 150至 500°C。 解吸后的分子在气相中可以通过与电晕放电所产生的粒子作用 而被电离。 随后被电离的离子 10能够通过离子入口 3进入质谱仪或其它离子 分析仪。
固体被测物需要先在表面被热解吸到气相中, 因此样品通常是挥发或者半 挥发性物质。而本发明中的离子化机理为,从样品表面解吸出来的被测物分子, 通过与等离子体束中的亚稳态氦原子、 在放电中直接形成的氦离子和由亚稳态 物质电离大气分子所形成的离子的相互作用而形成。
如图 1所示, 金属管 4出口处的尖端指向样品。 金属管 4 的外径最好在
0.7 到 1.5 mm之间, 在满足小于外径的条件下, 内径最好在 0.3至 1.2 mm之 间。 金属管 4被插入一个由可切削陶瓷制成的接头 5, 用以连接气流加热管 11 和金属管 4, 并保证连接的气密性。 此接头 5的另一个功能在于充当对电极 7 与高压放电电压接入端之间的绝缘材料。 高压放电电压由一个外接高压直流电 压电源 8提供, 并通过接头 5侧面的小孔引至金属管。 对电极 7应该安放在接 头顶部(靠近样品一侧) , 其所在平面位于金属管出口处尖端前方 3-7mm毫米 为宜。 为了使电晕放电束顺利通过, 并不致被引向对电极, 在对电极 7的中心 开有圆形小孔, 其孔径以 4至 6 mm为宜。 对电极 7的厚度为 0.5至 3毫米。
放电气体的流量可以通过一个压力阀以手动或电脑控制的方式来调节。 气 体流速最好控制在 85至 170 m/s之间) 。 为了能够使电晕放电束更容易被观察 到, 放电气体最好是氦气, 而其它惰性气体如氩气也可以使用。 本装置中的溶 剂和气体输送结构 (例如气源、 气流管道 6、 溶剂管道 12、 金属管 4 ) , 以及 电阻加热器 9都能够从现有的商用 APCI源进行改装, 同时也可以用以上所述 零件自制。
放电电压由直流电压源 8提供, 其电压值最好在 2至 5kV之间。直流电压 源 8的内阻最好比较大 (大于 100ΜΩ ) , 以限制电晕放电的电流, 并维持一个 稳定的等离子体放电束。 通过金属管的电流通常在 2到 20μΑ之间, 且其大小 与溶剂的流速相关。 几十微安的电流通常能够从现有的商用 APCI源的电源提 供。
溶剂可以通过一个液相色谱泵或是一个用于进行直接进样的注射泵输送 至气路管道 6。 根据所分析样品的不同, 溶剂可以是各种有机溶剂或是水。 气 流加热管 11配备有一个能够加热至 500°C的电阻加热器 9, 因此如果电阻加热 器的温度设置得足够高, 溶剂能够在到达金属管 4前被汽化。 为了得到一个稳 定的电晕放电束 1, 溶剂的流速最好控制在 10至 100 μΐνηήη之间。 在此流速 范围内, 流速越高, 电晕放电的电流越低, 而产生的电晕放电束 1 越稳定。 与 此同时, 溶剂的加入能够为电离过程增加所需的气相离子 (如加入水作为溶剂 所产生的水合离子) , 从而提高离子源的电离效率。 与此同时, 溶剂的加入能 够稳定电晕放电束的稳定性, 减少等离子体抖动的可能性。
固态样品与表面的分离是一个热解吸过程。 因此, 电阻加热器 9的设定温 度对于控制解吸过程的效率很关键。 对于挥发性很高的样品如敌敌畏和乐果, 150°C的加热器温度足以使样品解吸, 而对于挥发性相对较低的样品如氯戊菊 酯, 350°C的加热器温度才能够使样品较好地解吸。 值得注意的是, 随着加热 器上温度的提高, 电晕放电束的稳定性会随之降低。 这可能是由于高温会引起 放电区域局部的分子密度降低, 从而使得该区域内局部电场 (E/N ) 的增加, 并扰乱电晕放电束的稳定工作。 但是, 这种由高温所带来的放电的不稳定性也 可以通过如前所述的在气路管道 6中增加溶剂来弥补。
当满足上文所述的 85至 170 m/s的气体流速、 2至 5kV的放电电压等条件 之后, 一束直径约 0.5mm的电晕放电束能够在金属管出口处的尖端处生成, 并 向外延伸 8- 12mm。 电晕放电束 1的外观通常为蓝色, 而当加入水作为溶剂时, 电晕放电束 1的颜色会变得发紫。 电晕放电束 1有一个尖锐的末端 (见图 1中 电晕放电束 1的左端) , 当其扫过样品表面时, 样品被测区域清晰可见, 大大 增加了对于分析样品区间的控制。
电晕放电束 1与样品架 2间的角度可以从 0°到 90°不等, 但为了获得较小 的取样区间, 90°的夹角更好一些。 质谱仪或其它离子分析仪的引入口 3应尽 量靠近电晕放电束所击中的位置 (5mm以内) , 以增加离子传输的效率。 制作 样品架 2的材料可以是金属或陶瓷, 也可以是其它耐高温且化学性质稳定的材 料。 陶瓷材料以其很低的导热率 (局部升温较快) 和很好的耐热性能成为样品 架材料的首选。 对于固态样品, 被测物可以直接被夹在样品架 2上进行检测; 而对于溶解在溶剂中的样品, 可取少量溶液将其点在样品架 2上, 待干后进行 检测。 固态样品切片也可以置于样品架 2上, 并使用电晕放电束 1对其表面进 行轮廓扫描。
本发明的解吸电离装置也可以在负离子模式下工作, 除转换高压直流电压 源 8的极性以外, 其它工作条件与正离子模式基本相同。 一些质子亲和力较弱 的化合物都比较适合在此模式下检测。
图 2显示了 1 ng阿特拉津在陶瓷样品架 2上被检测后的质谱图。其实验条 件为正离子模式下放电电压 2.5 kV, 溶剂 (水) 流量 50 μΙ7ηώι, 氦气流量 2 L/mino 电阻加热器 9在整个操作过程中维持在 200°C左右。
图 3显示了 l ng三聚氰胺在陶瓷样品架 2上被检测后的质谱图。实验中除 电阻加热器 9的温度维持在 350°C左右外, 其它实验条件与获得图 2数据所做 实验相同。
图 4显示了 1 ng乙酰甲胺磷在陶瓷样品架 2上被检测后的质谱图。此实验 的操作模式为负离子模式, 其它实验条件与获得图 3数据所做实验相同。 以上结果显示了本发明实施例的解吸电离装置能够对挥发性或半挥发性 样品从样品表面直接分析。 可见的电晕放电束的确能够对取样区域进行准确地 定位, 并且使得对样品切片表面的轮廓扫描成为可能。
以上实施方案仅为解释本发明的可能性而言, 有此专业经验之人士可以方 便地设计出本发明框架下多种实施构型。 比如, 金属管出口处的尖端可以有不 止一个, 以增加电晕放电的效率; 对电极的内孔形状不仅可以是圆形, 也可以 是其它多边形形状; 样品架和电晕放电束的位置能够进一步在 X, y和 z方向可 调, 以适应不同尺寸样品直接分析的需要。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种解吸电离装置, 包括:
气源, 该气源能够提供超过一个大气压的压力;
气流管道, 用于传输来自该气源的气体;
气流加热管, 用于加热来自气源的气体;
金属管, 该金属管通过气流加热管与气流管道相连接, 以向该金属管的出 口导出被加热的气体, 其中在该金属管的出口处具有一尖端;
直流电压源, 用于给该金属管提供高压电;
样品架, 用于放置样品, 该样品位于该金属管出口尖端的前方, 并与一离 子分析仪的离子引入口相邻;
其中, 当该直流电压源向金属管施加高压时, 通过该金属管的加热气体在 该金属管出口的尖端处形成向着该样品表面延伸的可见电晕放电束, 使得至少 一部分样品通过和电晕放电束发出的粒子的相互作用而被解吸和电离。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述气体的直线 流速为 85至 170 m/s o
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述金属管内径 在 0.3毫米和 1.2毫米之间。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述直流电压源 能够提供范围在 2kV到 5kV之间的直流电压。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 还包含一个位于 所述金属管出口处尖端前方 3至 7毫米处的对电极, 以使电晕放电束更稳定。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述对电极的内 径为 4到 6毫米, 所述对电极的厚度为 0.5至 3毫米。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 通过所述气流管 道引入水或者有机溶剂, 所述的水或有机溶剂在被气流加热管汽化后被传输至 电晕放电束。
8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述有机溶剂的 流速范围为 10 μΐνηήη到 100 μΙ7ηήη。
9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述加热管运行 时的温度范围在 150°C和 500°C之间。
10.根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述样品架是由 金属、 陶瓷制成。
11.根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 通过和从所述电 晕放电束发出的粒子相互作用而形成的离子经所述离子引入口被输入到离子 分析仪进行分析。
12.根据权利要求 1 所述的解吸电离装置, 其特征在于, 所述样品架能够 移动, 以使所述电晕放电束的尖端能够在样品表面进行扫描而获得表面轮廓信 息。
PCT/CN2009/076175 2008-12-30 2009-12-29 一种解吸电离装置 WO2010075769A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/141,864 US8242459B2 (en) 2008-12-30 2009-12-29 Device for desorption and ionization

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2008101889898A CN101770924B (zh) 2008-12-30 2008-12-30 一种解吸电离装置
CN200810188989.8 2008-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010075769A1 true WO2010075769A1 (zh) 2010-07-08

Family

ID=42309815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2009/076175 WO2010075769A1 (zh) 2008-12-30 2009-12-29 一种解吸电离装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8242459B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN101770924B (zh)
WO (1) WO2010075769A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8207497B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2012-06-26 Ionsense, Inc. Sampling of confined spaces
US8384020B2 (en) * 2010-09-24 2013-02-26 Ut-Battelle, Llc Spatially resolved thermal desorption/ionization coupled with mass spectrometry
US8822949B2 (en) 2011-02-05 2014-09-02 Ionsense Inc. Apparatus and method for thermal assisted desorption ionization systems
US8901488B1 (en) 2011-04-18 2014-12-02 Ionsense, Inc. Robust, rapid, secure sample manipulation before during and after ionization for a spectroscopy system
US8592758B1 (en) * 2011-06-06 2013-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Vapor sampling adapter for direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
TWI449081B (zh) * 2011-08-31 2014-08-11 Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen 熱脫附游離裝置、質譜系統,及質譜分析方法
US8704169B2 (en) 2011-10-11 2014-04-22 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Direct impact ionization (DII) mass spectrometry
CA2867996C (en) * 2011-10-26 2020-03-10 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Quantification of an analyte in serum and other biological matrices
CN102519917B (zh) * 2011-12-13 2014-03-12 清华大学 一种基于介质阻挡放电的固体样品剥蚀方法及装置
JP5704065B2 (ja) * 2011-12-16 2015-04-22 株式会社島津製作所 放電イオン化電流検出器
CN102539515A (zh) * 2011-12-27 2012-07-04 北京大学 常温常压表面辅助激光解吸附质谱的高灵敏度检测方法
EP2648489A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-09 Excico France A method for stabilizing a plasma and an improved ionization chamber
WO2014074699A1 (en) 2012-11-07 2014-05-15 Ohio University Online monitoring of fuel cell reactions by desorption electrospray mass spectrometry
WO2014074701A1 (en) 2012-11-07 2014-05-15 Ohio University Ionization of chemicals in mixture at low ph by ambient ionization / mass spectrometry
JP6023640B2 (ja) * 2013-04-23 2016-11-09 日本電子株式会社 大気圧イオン化方法および大気圧イオン源
WO2015009326A1 (en) * 2013-07-16 2015-01-22 Ohio University Versatile ambient ionization-based interface for lc/ms
EP3086882B1 (en) 2013-12-24 2021-05-26 Waters Technologies Corporation Atmospheric interface for electrically grounded electrospray
US9297828B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2016-03-29 Ut-Battelle, Llc High heating rate thermal desorption for molecular surface sampling
US9337007B2 (en) 2014-06-15 2016-05-10 Ionsense, Inc. Apparatus and method for generating chemical signatures using differential desorption
CN104538277A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 宁波大学 应用在离子源中的放电装置及方法
WO2017040359A1 (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-09 Indiana University Research And Technology Corporation Atmospheric-pressure ionization and fragmentation of molecules for structural elucidation
CN105355535B (zh) * 2015-09-18 2018-05-22 宁波华仪宁创智能科技有限公司 离子源及离子化方法
US9899196B1 (en) 2016-01-12 2018-02-20 Jeol Usa, Inc. Dopant-assisted direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
CN107195528B (zh) * 2017-05-19 2019-04-02 北京大学 一种多功能敞开式复合离子源及其使用方法
US10636640B2 (en) 2017-07-06 2020-04-28 Ionsense, Inc. Apparatus and method for chemical phase sampling analysis
US10825673B2 (en) 2018-06-01 2020-11-03 Ionsense Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing matrix effects
WO2021086778A1 (en) 2019-10-28 2021-05-06 Ionsense Inc. Pulsatile flow atmospheric real time ionization
CN110749646B (zh) * 2019-11-05 2022-03-01 中国检验检疫科学研究院 一种快速测定木质食品接触材料中菊酯类防腐剂的方法
US11913861B2 (en) 2020-05-26 2024-02-27 Bruker Scientific Llc Electrostatic loading of powder samples for ionization
CN112683991B (zh) * 2020-08-04 2022-10-28 浙江大学 一种基于电弧等离子体的有机物质量检测装置及检测方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101201335A (zh) * 2006-12-29 2008-06-18 东华理工学院 表面解吸常压化学电离源及表面解吸常压化学电离质谱分析方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7544933B2 (en) * 2006-01-17 2009-06-09 Purdue Research Foundation Method and system for desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
WO2007140351A2 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-12-06 Ionsense, Inc. Flexible open tube sampling system for use with surface ionization technology
CN101871914A (zh) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-27 岛津分析技术研发(上海)有限公司 一种解吸电离方法及其装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101201335A (zh) * 2006-12-29 2008-06-18 东华理工学院 表面解吸常压化学电离源及表面解吸常压化学电离质谱分析方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101770924A (zh) 2010-07-07
CN101770924B (zh) 2013-07-03
US20110253903A1 (en) 2011-10-20
US8242459B2 (en) 2012-08-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2010075769A1 (zh) 一种解吸电离装置
Wang et al. Desorption corona beam ionization source for mass spectrometry
JP5016191B2 (ja) 多モードイオン化源、およびこれを用いてイオンを生じる方法ならびに多モードイオン化質量分析計
US7968842B2 (en) Apparatus and systems for processing samples for analysis via ion mobility spectrometry
CA2714287C (en) Ion source vessel and methods
JP5073168B2 (ja) 質量分析計用の高速組合せマルチモードイオン源
US9184037B2 (en) Mass spectrometer and mass analyzing method
US7977629B2 (en) Atmospheric pressure ion source probe for a mass spectrometer
US4999493A (en) Electrospray ionization interface and method for mass spectrometry
US20070138406A1 (en) Multimode ion source with improved ionization
US8101923B2 (en) System and method for spatially-resolved chemical analysis using microplasma desorption and ionization of a sample
US6794646B2 (en) Method and apparatus for atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
EP2603307B1 (en) Curtain gas filter for high-flux ion sources
JP2003215101A (ja) 液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計
JP2008535170A (ja) 質量分析計
TW201903823A (zh) 離子化介面及質譜儀
US8835838B2 (en) Method and apparatus for analysis and ion source
US20110049348A1 (en) Multiple inlet atmospheric pressure ionization apparatus and related methods
JP2021514109A (ja) 統合型エレクトロスプレーイオン源
JP7294535B2 (ja) イオン分析装置
US20230420238A1 (en) Ion source and mass spectrometer including the same
JP3622332B2 (ja) 質量分析計
JP2002042722A (ja) 質量分析計
JP2002236110A (ja) 質量分析計

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09836056

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 13141864

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09836056

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1