WO2010070906A1 - 通信装置、通信システム、通信制御方法及び通信制御プログラム - Google Patents
通信装置、通信システム、通信制御方法及び通信制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010070906A1 WO2010070906A1 PCT/JP2009/006946 JP2009006946W WO2010070906A1 WO 2010070906 A1 WO2010070906 A1 WO 2010070906A1 JP 2009006946 W JP2009006946 W JP 2009006946W WO 2010070906 A1 WO2010070906 A1 WO 2010070906A1
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- communication device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
- H04W84/20—Master-slave selection or change arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication device, a communication system, a communication control method, and a communication control program, and in particular, a communication device, a communication system, a communication control method, and a communication control program provided with a management mode capable of managing other communication devices as an operation mode.
- a communication device a communication system, a communication control method, and a communication control program provided with a management mode capable of managing other communication devices as an operation mode.
- Wireless LAN Local Area Network
- IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN Low Area Network
- the AP and the STA are each configured as a dedicated device, but there is also a communication device having both functions of the AP and the STA (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the communication apparatus described in Patent Document 1 adds a new group to an existing group composed of APs and STAs.
- a STA requesting addition of a group requests setting of a group from another STA.
- the requested STA itself becomes an AP and sets up a new group.
- the “group” referred to in Patent Document 1 is a basic network corresponding to a BSS (Basic Service Set) in an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- Patent Document 2 there are mobile wireless terminals that can be connected to a wireless LAN and a cellular network at the same time (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the mobile wireless terminal described in Patent Document 2 provides an interface using a wireless LAN in accordance with a connection request from a surrounding mobile wireless terminal. At that time, either an infrastructure mode network or an ad hoc mode network is constructed.
- a power management function for reducing the power consumption of the STA is defined as a “power saving mode”.
- the STA can shift to a “doze state” that operates with the minimum necessary power by stopping the transmission / reception function.
- the power saving mode for AP is not defined. This is because the AP has a role of managing the entire network and must always wait for a signal from the STA, so that the transmission / reception function cannot be stopped. For this reason, there is a problem that the communication device operating as an AP consumes a large amount of battery.
- Several methods have been proposed as a method for solving the above-mentioned problem in the AP.
- Patent Document 3 when an STA is not connected, an AP that reduces power consumption by shifting to the “power save mode” has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- the AP described in Patent Document 3 is When the movement of the STA is notified from another AP, the mode shifts from the power save mode to the operation mode as a normal AP.
- the requesting STA In the communication apparatus described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary for the requesting STA to have an operation mode change request signal transmission function for shifting another STA to the AP mode. As described above, the requesting STA needs to have not only a normal function for operating under the control of the AP but also a special function for changing the operation mode.
- Patent Document 2 When receiving a connection request from a requesting STA, the mobile wireless terminal described in Patent Document 2 provides a wireless LAN interface to the STA. However, in order for the requesting STA to transmit the connection request, another communication path is required, and the connection request cannot be transmitted directly to the request destination terminal. That is, the technique of Patent Document 2 is applicable only when there is already some communication means.
- Patent Document 3 cannot receive notification of STA movement when the AP is operating alone. That is, in order to shift to the AP mode, another AP is required as a communication means for notifying the movement of the STA.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above technical problems, and is a communication device that is managed by another communication device and performs communication, and an operation mode change request signal to the other communication device.
- a communication device that is capable of shifting to an operation mode for managing the communication device based on a response request from a communication device that does not have a function of transmitting the request, and does not require a special communication path for receiving the request, It is an object to provide a communication control method and a communication control program.
- a communication apparatus is a communication apparatus that performs operations in a plurality of operation modes, and includes a managed unit that controls operations in a managed mode that is managed and communicated by another communication apparatus.
- Management means for controlling the operation in the management mode capable of managing the operation mode, and when the communication device receives a response request signal from the managed communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode, the operation mode And an operation mode setting means for changing the control mode to the management mode.
- the communication system of the present invention includes a managed communication device including a communication device that operates in a plurality of operation modes, and a managed unit that controls operations in a managed mode that is managed and communicated by another communication device.
- the communication device includes a management unit that controls the operation in the management mode capable of managing the managed communication device, and the communication device is in operation while the communication device is operating in another operation mode different from the management mode.
- an operation mode setting means for changing the operation mode to the management mode when a response request signal is received from the management communication device.
- the communication control method of the present invention manages an operation mode when a response request signal is received from another communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode in which the other communication device can be managed.
- a step of changing to a mode is provided.
- a communication control program allows a computer that controls a communication device to send a communication device from another communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode in which the other communication device can be managed.
- a response request signal is received, means for changing the operation mode to the management mode is realized.
- the communication device, communication system, communication control method, and communication control program of the present invention when receiving a response request signal from a request source communication device, shifts the operation mode to the management mode and manages the request source communication device. Therefore, there is an effect that it is not necessary for the requesting communication device to have a special function of transmitting an operation mode change request signal. Furthermore, in order to receive the response request signal, there is an effect that a communication path other than the communication path with the requesting communication apparatus is not required.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a communication apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a sequence chart showing the operation of the communication system in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. In this embodiment, the outline of the configuration and operation of the communication device and the communication system will be described.
- the communication device 1 includes an operation mode setting unit 2 and a management unit 3.
- the operation mode setting means 2 and the management means 3 are realized, for example, by reading a program into a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the program is provided to the communication device 1 in a state stored in a storage medium such as a CD-ROM. Or the said program may be memorize
- the operation mode setting means 2 sets the operation mode of the communication device 1.
- the “operation mode” is an operation state indicating what function the communication device performs.
- the operation mode of the communication device 1 includes a “management mode” for managing other communication devices.
- the operation mode setting unit 2 changes the operation mode to the management mode when receiving the response request signal 4 when the operation mode is other than the management mode, that is, in another operation mode different from the management mode.
- the “response request signal” is a signal transmitted from an external communication device in response to a response from a communication device existing around the communication device 1.
- the response request signal 4 includes, for example, a signal for confirming the presence / absence of a communication device operating in the management mode, an attribution request to a communication device operating in the management mode, and an authentication request.
- Management means 3 performs “management processing” for managing other communication devices when the operation mode is set to the management mode.
- the communication device 1 When the communication device 1 is operating in the management mode, as shown in FIG. 3, the communication device 1 configures a network with the managed communication device 5 and manages the managed communication device 5 using the management means 3.
- the managed communication device 5 includes a managed unit 6 and performs “managed processing” for being managed by another communication device.
- the managed communication device 5 obtains a response from the communication device 1 and transmits a response request signal.
- the communication line is not shown in FIG. 3, the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 can communicate with each other.
- the “management process” is a predetermined process performed by the communication device 1 so that the managed communication device 5 can communicate with the communication device 1. It is.
- the communication device 1 authenticates the managed communication device 5 and puts it under management.
- the managed communication device 5 placed under the management of the communication device 1 communicates with the communication device 1.
- the managed communication device 5 may be relayed to the communication device 1 to communicate with another communication device (not shown).
- the fact that the managed communication device 5 is under the control of the communication device 1 is referred to as “the managed communication device 5 belongs to the communication device 1”.
- Specific examples of the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 include a base station and a mobile station in a mobile communication system, or an AP and a STA in a wireless LAN.
- the operation mode of the communication device 1 is not the management mode (when the operation mode is different from the management mode), it is a “managed mode” managed by another communication device operating in the management mode. Also good. Alternatively, the “normal mode” which is neither the management mode nor the managed mode may be used. When the communication device 1 is in the managed mode, the same operation as that of the managed communication device 5 described in the present embodiment is performed. Since the operation when the communication device 1 is in the normal mode is not important in the present embodiment, it is not particularly defined.
- the managed communication device 5 includes managed means 6.
- the managed means 6 performs the following “managed process” in order to perform communication under the control of the communication device 1.
- the managed process is a process that is paired with the management process performed by the communication apparatus 1 and is a process that requests some process from another communication apparatus.
- the managed means 6 transmits a response request signal 4 in advance.
- the response request signal 4 may be transmitted without specifying the destination communication device, and a response from the communication device that has received the response request signal 4 may be waited for.
- the operation mode of the communication apparatus 1 will be described focusing on the operation after the transition from the managed mode or the normal mode to the management mode.
- the operation mode of the communication apparatus 1 is not limited to the transition from the managed mode or the normal mode to the management mode, and the communication apparatus 1 may operate in a state where processing in a plurality of operation modes including the management mode is possible. Absent. That is, the operation in the management mode and the operation in one or both of the managed mode and the normal mode may be alternately performed in a time division manner. Alternatively, the operation in the management mode and the operation in one or both of the managed mode and the normal mode may be performed in parallel. In any case, in the present embodiment, the operation in the managed mode and the normal mode does not affect the operation in the management mode. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a state in which the communication device 1 operates only in a single operation mode, that is, the management mode will be described in detail.
- the communication device 1 In the initial state, it is assumed that the communication device 1 is operating in another mode different from the management mode, that is, the managed mode or the normal mode.
- the managed communication device 5 transmits a response request signal 4 (step F1).
- the communication device 1 shifts the operation mode to the management mode without transmitting a response signal to the response request signal 4 to the managed communication device 5.
- the managed communication device 5 does not wait for a response signal to the response request signal 4 and starts communication on the assumption that another communication device (the communication device 1 in this embodiment) has shifted to the management mode.
- the managed communication device 5 may wait for a response signal from another communication device after transmitting the response request signal 4. In that case, the managed communication device 5 can start communication after confirming the existence of another communication device that has been operated or shifted to the management mode in the management mode.
- the communication device 1 Upon receiving the response request signal 4, the communication device 1 changes the operation mode to the management mode (step F2). After changing the operation mode to the management mode, the communication device 1 puts the managed communication device 5 under management. That is, the communication device 1 causes the managed communication device 5 to belong to the communication device 1. Thereafter, communication is performed between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 (step F3).
- the operation of the communication apparatus 1 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the communication device 1 determines whether or not a response request signal has been received (step S1). When the reception of the response request signal is confirmed, the operation mode is changed to the management mode (step S2).
- the managed communication device 5 that wants to operate in the managed mode transmits the response request signal, so that the operation mode of the communication device 1 can be shifted to the management mode.
- the communication device 1 puts the managed communication device 5 under management. Therefore, the managed communication device 5 can operate in the managed mode.
- the managed communication device 5 is a communication device that can operate only in the managed mode, the managed communication device 5 can be brought into a communicable state.
- the communication device 1 When the communication between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 described in the first embodiment is completed, the communication device 1 does not need to maintain the operation in the management mode. Therefore, in addition to the configuration of the communication device 1 in the first embodiment, the communication device 1 according to the present embodiment has a management mode release function.
- the configuration of the communication network is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence chart showing the operation of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the first communication device according to the second embodiment.
- step F3 The operation until the step (step F3) in which the communication device 1 is managed by the managed communication device 5 and communication is performed between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 is the same as the operation of the first embodiment described above. It is.
- the communication device 1 When the communication state between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 satisfies a predetermined condition, such as the end of communication between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5, the communication device 1 It is determined whether or not the management communication device 5 can be released from management (step F4). When determining that the management of the managed communication device 5 can be canceled, the communication device 1 cancels the management mode (step F5). Then, the operation mode of the communication device 1 shifts to an operation mode other than the management mode, that is, another operation mode different from the management mode.
- a predetermined condition such as the end of communication between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5
- the communication device 1 It is determined whether or not the management communication device 5 can be released from management (step F4). When determining that the management of the managed communication device 5 can be canceled, the communication device 1 cancels the management mode (step F5). Then, the operation mode of the communication device 1 shifts to an operation mode other than the management mode, that is, another operation mode different from the management mode
- Examples of criteria for determining that the communication device 1 can cancel the management of the managed communication device 5 include the following conditions.
- the communication device 1 confirms that any one of the above conditions 1) and 2) is satisfied for each communication device under management, and determines whether the management can be canceled. Then, when all the communication devices under management are removed from the management, the communication device 1 cancels the management mode and shifts the operation mode to another mode different from the management mode.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the communication apparatus 1 in the second embodiment.
- the steps up to changing the operation mode to the management mode are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the communication device 1 determines whether or not the managed communication device 5 can be released from management (step S3). Then, when it is confirmed that the release is possible, the management mode is released (step S4).
- the communication device 1 when communication between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 ends, the communication device 1 cancels the management mode. Therefore, the communication device 1 has an effect that an increase in processing load and an increase in power consumption for supporting the management mode can be suppressed to the minimum necessary.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a communication system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a sequence chart showing the operation of the communication system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the communication apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG.
- the communication system according to the third embodiment includes a management communication device 7 in addition to the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5.
- the feature of this embodiment is that the communication device 1 belongs to the management communication device 7.
- the communication apparatus 1 includes an operation mode setting unit 2, a management unit 3, and a managed unit 6.
- the operation mode setting unit 2 and the management unit 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.
- Management communication device 7 is operating in the management mode.
- the communication device 1 operates in the managed mode and belongs to the management communication device 7.
- the managed communication device 5 transmits a response request signal 4.
- the communication device 1 and the management communication device 7 transmit a response signal 8 and a response signal 9, respectively.
- the communication device 1 transmits a response request signal (step F1).
- the response request signal is also received by the management communication device 7 in addition to the communication device 1.
- the communication device 1 and the management communication device 7 transmit the response signal 8 and the response signal 9 to the managed communication device 5, respectively (Steps F6 and F6 ').
- the managed communication device 5 that has received the response signal 8 and the response signal 9 selects either the communication device 1 or the management communication device 7 as an attribution destination, and transmits an attribution request signal to the selected one (step F7). ).
- the managed communication device 5 When the managed communication device 5 selects the communication device 1 as an attribution destination, it transmits an attribution request signal 10 to the communication device 1. At this time, the communication device 1 changes the operation mode to the management mode by the operation mode setting means 2 (step F2). Alternatively, the communication device 1 may operate in a time division manner or in parallel in the management mode and the managed mode.
- the communication apparatus 1 makes the managed communication apparatus 5 belong as a managed communication apparatus. Thereafter, communication is performed between the communication device 1 and the managed communication device 5 (step F3).
- the communication device 1 determines whether or not the management of the managed communication device 5 can be released (step F4). Then, the management is canceled according to the determination result (step F5).
- the operation of the communication device 1 when canceling the management of the managed communication device 5 is the same as that in the second embodiment.
- the managed communication device 5 selects the management communication device 7 as the attribution destination when the managed communication device 5 receives the response signal 8 and the response signal 9, it transmits an attribution request signal (not shown) to the management communication device 7. Since the management communication device 7 operates in the management mode, the managed communication device 5 is placed under management without changing the operation mode. Since the operation of the management communication device 7 at this time is not particularly characteristic, illustration and description of the operation are omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the communication device 1 according to the third embodiment.
- Step S1 is the same as that of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the first communication device transmits a response signal 8 to the managed communication device 5 (step S5).
- step S6 it is determined whether or not the management request signal 10 is received from the managed communication device 5 (step S6).
- the operation mode is changed to the management mode (step S2).
- the subsequent operation is the same as that of the second embodiment in FIG.
- the operation mode of the communication device 1 when the response request signal is received from the managed communication device 5 is not necessarily the managed mode.
- the operation mode of the communication device 1 is the management mode, the same operation as that of the management communication device 7 may be performed.
- the response signal 8 is transmitted to the response request signal 4 as described above, and the operation mode is changed to the management mode as necessary.
- FIG. 10 shows an operation in a case where the operation mode is changed to the management mode after the communication device 1 cancels the belonging relationship.
- a management release request signal is transmitted to the management communication device 7 (step F8), and management of the communication device 1 by the management communication device 7 is released (step F9). Further, a response signal notifying the management cancellation may be transmitted from the management communication device 7 to the communication device 1.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the communication apparatus 1 when the operation mode is changed to the management mode after the attribution relationship is resolved.
- transmission of a management release request signal to the management communication device 7 (step S ⁇ b> 7) is added to FIG. 9 after step S ⁇ b> 6 (determining whether a management request signal has been received).
- the subsequent processing is the same as in FIG.
- the communication system can change the operation mode to the management mode in response to a request from the managed communication device 5 even if the communication device 1 is not operating in the management mode. . Therefore, there is an effect when the managed communication device 5 needs to communicate in the managed mode but there is no communication device that operates in the managed mode. That is, the managed communication device 5 can perform communication in the managed mode by shifting any of the surrounding communication devices to the operation in the management mode.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a wireless communication system according to the fourth embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 13 is a sequence chart showing the operation of the wireless communication system of the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless communication device 10, an AP 20, and a STA 30 are connected to a wireless LAN 40 that is a wireless communication system.
- the wireless communication device 10 communicates with other devices using an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
- the wireless communication device 10 has both functions of AP and STA.
- the AP 20 and the STA 30 have functions of a normal IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN access point and station, respectively.
- the wireless communication means 11 is a device having a communication function as a wireless LAN. Specifically, it has functions of the physical layer of IEEE802.11 and functions of a MAC (Medium Access Control) medium such as frame transmission, reception, and carrier sense. It is assumed that the wireless communication unit 11 can operate as either a STA or an AP. Note that functions, operations, and the like defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard are out of the scope of the present invention, so the description will be kept to the minimum necessary.
- the state management means 12 is a means for setting the operation mode of the wireless communication device 10. There are three operation modes: “Scanning mode”, “Association” (hereinafter referred to as “Assoc” mode), and “AP mode.” The wireless communication apparatus 10 operates in any one of these operation modes. Operate in mode.
- “Scanning mode” is a state before the wireless communication device 10 belongs to the AP. In the scanning mode, the wireless communication device 10 periodically transmits a probe request to search for an AP.
- “Assoc” mode is a state in which the wireless communication device 10 is in the process of belonging to the AP, or the belonging process has been completed.
- the wireless communication device 10 In the Assoc mode, the wireless communication device 10 is in a state of communicating with the AP in the infrastructure mode.
- the wireless communication device 10 In the Scanning mode and the Assoc mode, the wireless communication device 10 operates as an STA. Therefore, in the following description, when there is no need to distinguish between the scanning mode and the assoc mode, there is a case where it is referred to as “STA mode”.
- the wireless communication device 10 operates as an AP.
- the wireless communication device 10 periodically transmits Beacon and manages the belonging of other STAs.
- the STA management unit 13 is a means for managing the STA belonging to the wireless communication apparatus 10 while it is operating as an AP. In this embodiment, all management operations such as management of the BSS identifier (BSS-ID (Identification)) of the STA that is belonging, encryption communication key, and no communication time are performed.
- BSS-ID Identity
- the power supply control unit 14 is a means for performing power saving control, and mainly performs a power on / off switching process of the wireless communication means 11.
- the timer management unit 15 manages a power control timer. The power saving control by the power control unit 14 and the management of the timer for power control by the timer management unit 15 operate only when the state management unit 12 sets the operation mode to the scanning mode or the assoc mode.
- the state management unit 12 sets its own operation mode to the initial scanning mode (step A1). In this state, the wireless communication device 10 operates as an STA, and the wireless communication unit 11 searches for an AP by transmitting a Probe Request at regular intervals (step A2).
- the AP 20 When the wireless communication apparatus 10 approaches the AP 20, the AP 20 receives a Probe Request. Then, the AP 20 returns a Probe Response including the ESS (Extended Service Set) -ID of the AP 20 itself as a response to the Probe Request (Step A3).
- the operation of the AP 20 in step A3 is a normal AP operation.
- the wireless communication means 11 When the wireless communication means 11 receives the probe response, it recognizes that the AP exists. Then, the state management unit 12 changes the operation mode of the AP 20 to the Assoc mode (step A4). As described above, the Assoc mode is a state in which APs are discovered in the surroundings and communicate with the discovered APs in the infrastructure mode.
- the wireless communication means 11 transmits Authentication to AP2 and starts attribution processing (step A5). In the attribution process, authentication processing and registration of attribution are performed between the wireless communication apparatus 10 and the AP 20 according to a sequence defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard. When the attribution process is completed, the wireless communication device 10 is in a state where it can communicate through the AP 20 as an STA. As described above, detailed description of the operation conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard is omitted.
- the STA 30 transmits a Probe Request to search for an AP.
- the Probe Request transmitted from the STA 30 is received by both the wireless communication device 10 and the AP 20 (step A6).
- the AP 20 returns a Probe Response to this Probe Request as a normal AP operation (step A7 ').
- the wireless communication device 10 also returns a Probe Response to the Probe Request (Step A7). Normally, since Probe Response is returned only from the AP, this operation is an operation different from that of a normal station, and is a characteristic operation in this embodiment.
- the STA 30 When the probe response is received from both the AP 20 and the wireless communication device 10, the STA 30 recognizes that two APs exist. The STA 30 determines to which AP it belongs.
- the selection criteria for the attribution AP are not particularly limited in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the STA 30 will be described on the assumption that the wireless communication device 10 has been selected as the attribution destination.
- the AP 20 and the STA 30 perform a normal IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN operation.
- the wireless communication device 10 also waits for a response from the STA 30 for a predetermined time without performing any particular characteristic operation, and thereafter performs the operation of the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
- the STA 30 When the STA 30 selects the wireless communication device 10 as an attribution destination, the STA 30 transmits Authentication to the wireless communication device 10 and starts an attribution process (step A8).
- the wireless communication unit 11 When the wireless communication unit 11 receives the authentication, the wireless communication unit 11 recognizes that the STA 30 is requesting attribution to the AP. Then, before changing the operation mode of the wireless communication unit 11 to the AP mode, the wireless communication unit 11 transmits a disassociation to the AP 20 in order to cancel the belonging to the AP 20 (step A9). Next, the wireless communication unit 11 instructs the state management unit 12 to change the operation mode to the AP mode (step A10). Instead of starting the process for switching the operation mode when receiving Authentication (step A9), it may be switched when receiving a Probe Request or an Association Request. Further, the wireless communication device 10 may perform the process in the AP mode while maintaining the belonging state to the AP 20 without executing the process of step A9. In this case, the wireless communication apparatus 10 simultaneously performs processing as an STA belonging to the AP 20 and processing as an AP that manages the STA 30.
- the wireless communication means 11 When the operation mode is changed to the AP mode, the wireless communication means 11 starts the belonging process. In the attribution process, the wireless communication unit 11 transmits Authentication to the STA 30 and performs an authentication process or the like. The specific procedure conforms to the IEEE 802.11 standard, and thus detailed description is omitted. When the attribution process in the wireless communication unit 11 is completed, the information on the STA 30 is registered in the STA management unit 13, and thereafter, the STA 30 is managed (step A11).
- the wireless communication unit 11 In the AP mode, the wireless communication unit 11 periodically transmits a beacon to notify the surroundings of the presence of the AP and supports the power saving function of the STA (step A12). In addition, the wireless communication device 10 may continue communication under the control of the AP 2 as an STA, but may cancel the attribution. In this case, the wireless communication unit 11 transmits Disassociation to the AP 20 to cancel the attribution.
- the STA 30 transmits a disassociation to the wireless communication device 10 and cancels the attribution (step A13).
- the wireless communication means 11 Upon receiving the disassociation, the wireless communication means 11 performs an attribution cancellation process, and instructs the STA management unit 13 to record that the STA attribution has been canceled (step A14).
- the state management means 12 changes the operation mode to “Assoc” (step A15), transmits Authentication to the AP 20, and starts the attribution process again (step A16). Thereafter, the wireless communication device 10 operates as a STA. Note that when the wireless communication apparatus 10 continues communication as an STA under the management of the AP 2 (when step A9 is not executed), the process of step A16 is unnecessary.
- the STA 30 may turn off the power, or the location of the STA 30 may be outside the area where the signal from the AP 1 can be received (out of service area) and communication may be disabled.
- the wireless communication device 10 returns to the Assoc mode at the timing when the communication with the STA 30 is not performed for a certain time or more, and starts the belonging process for the AP 20 again.
- the STA 30 belongs to the wireless communication apparatus 10 in the Assoc mode, but the STA 30 may belong to the Scanning mode.
- the state management unit 12 changes the operation mode to the AP mode state, and the wireless communication device 10 starts belonging processing and Beacon transmission.
- the wireless communication device 10 cancels the attribution or communication is interrupted for a certain time, the mode returns to the scanning mode.
- the state management unit 12 instructs the power supply control unit 14 and the timer management unit 15 to periodically
- the power of the wireless communication means 11 is turned off to reduce power consumption.
- This operation for reducing power consumption is stipulated in the IEEE 802.11 standard as a power management function.
- the wireless communication device can automatically switch the operation mode in response to a request from another communication device to the AP mode or the STA mode. That is, in the communication system of the present embodiment, even when operating in the STA mode, it is possible to respond to a Probe Request and automatically change the operation mode to the AP mode when receiving authentication from the STA. Further, when operating in the AP mode, the operation mode is automatically changed to the STA mode when the subordinate STA is released from belonging.
- the communication system of this embodiment has an effect that power consumption can be reduced. That is, even if the wireless communication terminal normally operates as an STA, the wireless communication terminal can operate as an AP as necessary, and can support communication operations as an affiliate of another STA. When the operation as an AP becomes unnecessary, the power saving function defined in the wireless LAN standard provided in the STA can be used to the maximum by automatically changing the operation mode to the STA mode. .
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart showing the operation of the wireless communication system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless communication device 10 when the wireless communication device 10 is in the STA mode, that is, the Scanning mode or the Assoc mode, the wireless communication device 10 uses the power saving function as the STA to reduce power consumption. .
- the wireless communication device 10 uses the timer management unit 15 to turn off the power of the wireless transceiver at regular time intervals. For this reason, there is a problem that even if a probe request is sent from the STA 30 at the timing when the power is turned off, a response cannot be made.
- the probe request transmitted by the STA 30 side is surely received by the wireless communication apparatus 10.
- the wireless communication device 10 is in the scanning mode is targeted.
- the wireless communication unit 11 When the wireless communication unit 11 is in the scanning mode, the wireless communication unit 11 transmits a probe request at regular intervals. When the Probe Request is transmitted, the wireless communication unit 11 instructs the timer management unit 15 and the power supply control unit 14 to keep the wireless communication unit 11 powered on for a certain period of time Tr. Tr is an arbitrary value.
- the STA 30 When the STA 30 receives the Probe Request of the wireless communication device 10, the STA 30 transmits the Probe Request within the time Tr from the time of reception. At this time, the wireless communication device 10 can reliably receive the probe request because the wireless communication unit 11 is kept powered on. The operation after the wireless communication device 10 receives the Probe Request from the STA 30 is the same as that in the fourth embodiment.
- the probe request is sent from the STA within a predetermined time during which the wireless communication device is kept on after the wireless communication device transmits the probe request. Send. Therefore, when the wireless communication apparatus is in the power saving state as the STA, there is an effect that the operation mode can be surely switched to the AP mode even in the state where the probe is performed without belonging to the AP.
- FIG. 15 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the wireless communication system according to the sixth embodiment of this invention.
- the probe request transmitted by the STA 30 can be reliably received.
- the AP20 periodically transmits Beacon. Therefore, when the wireless communication device 10 is in the Assoc mode, the wireless communication device 11 is turned on in accordance with a Beacon including a DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) having a value of 0.
- the DTIM refers to a TIM (Traffic Indication Map) included in a Beacon that is transmitted at a timing when the value of a TSF (Time Synchronization Function) timer is 0 in the power saving mode of the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
- the DTIM includes various setting information necessary for power saving. Note that the control method in the power saving mode is a general method for the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
- Td is an arbitrary value.
- STA 30 observes Beacon emitted by surrounding APs before making an attribution request.
- the wireless communication unit 11 of the wireless communication device 10 is kept powered on, the Probe Request is reliably received by the wireless communication device 10.
- the operation after the wireless communication device 10 receives the Probe Request from the STA 30 is the same as that in the fourth embodiment.
- the STA transmits a Probe Request during the time that the wireless communication apparatus immediately after Beacon transmission is kept powered on. Therefore, the state can be reliably switched to the AP mode when the wireless communication apparatus 10 is in the power saving state, in particular, the state belonging to the AP as the STA.
- the automatic switching method between the AP mode and the STA mode according to the fourth to sixth embodiments is a communication provided with an operation mode for managing other communication devices such as a wireless LAN and an operation mode managed by other communication devices. Useful for equipment.
- the communication device in this embodiment is A communication device that operates in a plurality of operation modes, A management means for controlling the operation in the management mode capable of managing the managed communication apparatus provided with the managed means for controlling the operation in the managed mode for managing and communicating with other communication apparatuses; An operation mode setting means for changing the operation mode to the management mode when the communication device receives a response request signal from the managed communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode; It has the structure of having.
- the operation mode setting means changes the operation mode to the management mode when the communication device receives the response request signal during operation in the managed mode.
- the operation mode is defined as the management mode. Change to another different operation mode, The configuration is as follows.
- the operation mode setting means is configured to set the operation mode different from the management mode when the communication state with the managed communication device satisfies a preset condition while the communication device is operating in the management mode. Change to the operating mode
- the configuration is as follows.
- the operation mode setting means changes the operation mode to another operation mode different from the management mode when the management of the managed communication device is disabled while the communication device is operating in the management mode.
- the configuration is as follows.
- the operation mode setting means sets the operation mode to another operation different from the management mode.
- the configuration is to change to the mode.
- the management means is configured to transmit a management signal for managing the managed communication device when the communication device is operating in the management mode. At this time, the management means stops transmitting the management signal when the operation mode is changed to another operation mode different from the management mode. The management means stops transmission of the management signal when receiving a management cancellation request signal requesting cancellation of the management from the managed communication device while the communication device is operating in the management mode. The management means stops transmission of the management signal when the management of the managed communication device is disabled while the communication device is operating in the management mode. Furthermore, the management means stops transmission of the management signal when the communication device does not receive a signal from the managed communication device for a predetermined time during the operation in the management mode.
- the response request signal transmitted by the managed communication device is maintained in a receivable state for a predetermined time or longer after the first signal is transmitted to another communication device. Take. Further, the response request signal transmitted by the managed communication device is maintained in a receivable state for a predetermined time or longer after receiving the second signal from another communication device.
- the management means controls the operation in the management mode so that the mobile station can be managed via the wireless communication means
- the operation mode setting means changes the operation mode to the management mode when the communication device receives the response request signal from the mobile station.
- the operation mode setting means changes the operation mode to another operation mode different from the management mode when the number of the mobile stations managed by the management means becomes zero.
- the response request signal is configured to be included in a predetermined management operation control frame transmitted by the mobile station, for example.
- the wireless communication means conforms to the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (Local Area Network) standard standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802 Committee. It is.
- the response request signal transmitted by the mobile station is included in any of Probe Request, Authentication, and Association Request.
- the management means transmits a Beacon when the communication device is operating in the management mode.
- the Beacon includes DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message).
- the communication apparatus is configured to maintain the response request signal transmitted by the mobile station in a receivable state for a predetermined time or longer after transmitting a Probe Request to another communication apparatus.
- the communication device is configured to maintain the response request signal transmitted by the mobile station in a receivable state for a predetermined time or longer after receiving a Beacon from another communication device.
- the communication device has a configuration in which the managed unit performs operation control in the managed mode that is managed by the base station and operates as a mobile station.
- the managed unit is configured to be able to process the operation in the managed mode even when the communication device is operating in the management mode.
- the communication apparatus transmits the first signal and receives the response request signal within another predetermined time after receiving the first signal, to the other communication apparatus maintained in a state capable of receiving the response request signal.
- the response request signal is transmitted.
- the communication device receives the second signal and receives the response request signal in another state within a predetermined time after receiving the second signal.
- the response request signal is transmitted.
- a communication system includes: A communication apparatus that operates in a plurality of operation modes, and a managed communication apparatus that includes a managed unit that controls operations in a managed mode that is managed and communicated by another communication apparatus.
- the communication device includes a management unit that controls an operation in a management mode capable of managing the managed communication device, and the communication device is operating in another operation mode different from the management mode.
- a management communication device capable of managing communication operations of other communication devices;
- the communication device includes the managed means for controlling the operation in the operated mode for performing communication managed by the management communication device,
- the operation mode setting means changes the operation mode from the operated mode to the management mode when the communication device receives the response request signal during operation in the operated mode.
- the managed means is configured to be able to control the operation in the managed mode even when the communication device is operating in the management mode.
- the communication control method provides a response request signal from the other communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode in which the other communication device can be managed.
- the operation mode is changed to the management mode.
- a program according to another embodiment of the present invention is provided in a computer that controls a communication device during operation in another operation mode different from the management mode in which the communication device can manage another communication device.
- the communication control program is stored in a computer-readable recording medium and can be used by being read by the computer.
Abstract
Description
次に本発明の第一の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は本発明の実施形態1における通信装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図2は実施形態1における通信システムの構成を示すブロック図である。図3は実施形態1における通信システムの動作を示すシーケンス・チャートである。図4は実施形態1における通信装置の動作を示すフローチャートである。
2)被管理通信装置5を管理下にある通信装置として登録すること、及びその登録を解除すること
2)被管理通信装置5を管理下にある通信装置として登録することを要求すること、及びその登録を解除することを要求すること
続いて、本発明の第2の実施形態を説明する。上述した実施形態1で説明した通信装置1と被管理通信装置5との間の通信が終了すると、通信装置1は管理モードでの動作を維持する必要はない。そこで、本実施形態における通信装置1は、上記実施形態1に通信装置1の構成に加えて、当該通信装置1が、管理モードの解除機能を備える。なお、通信ネットワークの構成は、図2に示した実施形態1の構成と同じである。
2)被管理通信装置5からの信号を所定の時間以上、受信しないとき
次に、他の通信装置の管理下で「被管理モード」で動作している通信装置を、管理モードに移行させる実施形態を示す。
次に、本発明を具体的な通信システムに適用したときの実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図12は、本発明の第4の実施形態の無線通信システムの構成を示すブロック図である。図13は、本発明の第4の実施形態の無線通信システムの動作を示すシーケンス・チャートである。
次に、本発明の第5の実施形態について図14を用いて説明する。図14は、本発明の第5の実施形態の無線通信システムの動作を示すタイミング・チャートである。上記第4の実施形態においては、無線通信装置10がSTAモード、すなわちScanningモード又はAssocモードにある場合に、無線通信装置10はSTAとしての省電力機能を利用して消費電力を低減している。省電力モードでは、無線通信装置10はタイマ管理部15を利用して一定時間間隔で無線送受信機の電源をオフにしている。そのため、電源をオフにしているタイミングでSTA30からProbe Requestが送られても応答できないという問題が生じる。
次に、本発明の第6の発明を実施するための形態について図15を用いて説明する。図15は、本発明の第6の実施形態の無線通信システムの動作を示すタイミング・チャートである。本実施形態では、無線通信装置10が、Assocモードにあるときに、STA30が送信したProbe Requestを確実に受信できるようにする。
次に、本発明の第7の実施形態を説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した通信装置及び通信システムの構成の概略を説明する。
複数の動作モードでの動作を行う通信装置であって、
他の通信装置に管理され通信を行う被管理モードでの動作を制御する被管理手段を備えた被管理通信装置を管理することができる管理モードでの動作を制御する管理手段と、
上記通信装置が上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードに変更する動作モード設定手段と、
を備えた、という構成をとる。
他の通信装置の通信動作を管理することができる管理通信装置に管理され通信を行う上記被管理モードでの動作を制御する上記被管理手段を備え、
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記被管理モードでの動作中に上記応答要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置から上記管理の解除を要求する管理解除要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置との通信状態が予め設定された条件を満たすときに、上記動作モードを上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置の上記管理が不能になったとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
上記管理手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードで動作しているときに、上記被管理通信装置を上記管理するための管理信号を送信する、という構成をとる。このとき、上記管理手段は、上記動作モードが上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更されたとき、上記管理信号の送信を停止する。また、上記管理手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置から上記管理の解除を要求する管理解除要求信号を受信したとき、上記管理信号の送信を停止する。また、上記管理手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置の上記管理が不能になったとき、上記管理信号の送信を停止する。さらに、上記管理手段は、上記通信装置が上記管理モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置からの信号を所定の時間受信しないとき、上記管理信号の送信を停止する。
上記管理手段は、無線通信手段を介して移動局を管理することができるよう上記管理モードでの動作を制御し、
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記移動局から上記応答要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
複数の動作モードでの動作を行う通信装置、及び他の通信装置に管理され通信を行う被管理モードでの動作を制御する被管理手段を備える被管理通信装置を備える。
そして、上記通信装置は、上記被管理通信装置を管理することができる管理モードでの動作を制御する管理手段と、上記通信装置が上記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に上記被管理通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記管理モードに変更する動作モード設定手段と、を備えた、
という構成をとる。
他の通信装置の通信動作を管理することができる管理通信装置を備え、
上記通信装置は、上記管理通信装置に管理され通信を行う上記被動作モードでの動作を制御する上記被管理手段を備え、
上記動作モード設定手段は、上記通信装置が上記被動作モードでの動作中に上記応答要求信号を受信したとき、上記動作モードを上記被動作モードから上記管理モードに変更する、
という構成をとる。
2 動作モード設定手段
3 管理手段
5 被管理通信装置
6 被管理手段
7 管理通信装置
10 通信装置
11 無線通信手段
12 状態管理手段
13 STA管理部
14 電源制御部
15 タイマ管理部
20 AP
30 STA
40 無線LAN
Claims (32)
- 複数の動作モードでの動作を行う通信装置であって、
他の通信装置に管理され通信を行う被管理モードでの動作を制御する被管理手段を備えた被管理通信装置を管理することができる管理モードでの動作を制御する管理手段と、
前記通信装置が前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する動作モード設定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする通信装置。 - 他の通信装置の通信動作を管理することができる管理通信装置に管理され通信を行う前記被管理モードでの動作を制御する前記被管理手段を備え、
前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記被管理モードでの動作中に前記応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の通信装置。 - 前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置から前記管理の解除を要求する管理解除要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の通信装置。 - 前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置との通信状態が予め設定された条件を満たすときに、前記動作モードを前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置の前記管理が不能になったとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置からの信号を所定の時間受信しないとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更する
ことを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードで動作しているときに、前記被管理通信装置を前記管理するための管理信号を送信する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記動作モードが前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更されたとき、前記管理信号の送信を停止する
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置から前記管理の解除を要求する管理解除要求信号を受信したとき、前記管理信号の送信を停止する
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置の前記管理が不能になったとき、前記管理信号の送信を停止する
ことを特徴とする請求項7記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置からの信号を所定の時間受信しないとき、前記管理信号の送信を停止する
ことを特徴とする請求項10記載の通信装置。 - 他の通信装置へ第1の信号を送信してから所定の時間以上、前記被管理通信装置によって送信される前記応答要求信号を受信可能な状態で維持する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 他の通信装置からの第2の信号を受信してから所定の時間以上、前記被管理通信装置によって送信される前記応答要求信号を受信可能な状態で維持する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、無線通信手段を介して移動局を管理することができるよう前記管理モードでの動作を制御し、
前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記移動局から前記応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記動作モード設定手段は、前記管理手段によって前記管理される前記移動局の数が0となったとき、前記動作モードを、前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードに変更することを特徴とする請求項14記載の通信装置。
- 前記応答要求信号は、前記移動局によって送信される所定の管理動作制御用フレームに含まれる
ことを特徴とする請求項14又は15記載の通信装置。 - 前記無線通信手段は、米国電気電子技術者協会(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers、IEEE)802委員会が標準化したIEEE802.11無線LAN(Local Area Network)規格に準拠する
ことを特徴とする請求項14乃至16のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記移動局によって送信される前記応答要求信号は、Probe Request、Authentication、Association Requestの内のいずれかに含まれる
ことを特徴とする請求項17記載の通信装置。 - 前記管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードで動作しているときにBeaconを送信する
ことを特徴とする請求項17又は18のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記Beaconは、DTIM(Delivery Traffic Indication Message)を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項19記載の無線通信装置。 - 他の通信装置へProbe Requestを送信してから所定の時間以上、前記移動局によって送信される前記応答要求信号を受信可能な状態で維持する
ことを特徴とする請求項17乃至20のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 他の通信装置からのBeaconを受信してから所定の時間以上、前記移動局によって送信される前記応答要求信号を受信可能な状態で維持する
ことを特徴とする請求項17乃至21のいずれかに記載の通信装置。 - 前記被管理手段は、基地局に管理され移動局として動作する前記被管理モードでの動作の制御を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の通信装置。 - 前記被管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードで動作しているときも、前記被管理モードでの動作を処理可能である
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は23記載の通信装置。 - 前記第1の信号を受信してから所定の時間以内に、請求項12記載の通信装置に前記応答要求信号を送信する
ことを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記第2の信号を受信してから所定の時間以内に、請求項13記載の通信装置に前記応答要求信号を送信する
ことを特徴とする通信装置。 - 複数の動作モードでの動作を行う通信装置、及び他の通信装置に管理され通信を行う被管理モードでの動作を制御する被管理手段を備える被管理通信装置を備える通信システムであって、
前記通信装置は、前記被管理通信装置を管理することができる管理モードでの動作を制御する管理手段と、前記通信装置が前記管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に前記被管理通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する動作モード設定手段と、を備える
ことを特徴とする通信システム。 - 他の通信装置の通信動作を管理することができる管理通信装置を備え、
前記通信装置は、前記管理通信装置に管理され通信を行う前記被動作モードでの動作を制御する前記被管理手段を備え、
前記動作モード設定手段は、前記通信装置が前記被動作モードでの動作中に前記応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記被動作モードから前記管理モードに変更する
ことを特徴とする請求項27記載の通信システム。 - 前記被管理手段は、前記通信装置が前記管理モードで動作しているときも、前記被管理モードでの動作を制御可能である
ことを特徴とする請求項28記載の通信システム。 - 他の通信装置を管理することができる管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に、前記他の通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する
ことを特徴とする通信制御方法。 - 通信装置を制御するコンピュータに、
前記通信装置が他の通信装置を管理することができる管理モードとは異なる他の動作モードでの動作中に、前記他の通信装置から応答要求信号を受信したとき、前記動作モードを前記管理モードに変更する手段
を実現させるための通信制御プログラム。 - 請求項31記載の通信制御プログラムを記録するコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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US20110246637A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
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