WO2010058515A1 - 裸眼立体視ディスプレイ - Google Patents

裸眼立体視ディスプレイ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010058515A1
WO2010058515A1 PCT/JP2009/005184 JP2009005184W WO2010058515A1 WO 2010058515 A1 WO2010058515 A1 WO 2010058515A1 JP 2009005184 W JP2009005184 W JP 2009005184W WO 2010058515 A1 WO2010058515 A1 WO 2010058515A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
image
lens
microlens array
light beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2009/005184
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
坂井秀行
山崎眞見
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to US13/120,893 priority Critical patent/US20120127570A1/en
Priority to CN200980132313XA priority patent/CN102132193A/zh
Publication of WO2010058515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010058515A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/20—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using two or more projectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/307—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using fly-eye lenses, e.g. arrangements of circular lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display that displays a stereoscopic image that can be stereoscopically viewed with the naked eye.
  • IP system integral photography system
  • the more the number of controllable light beams that pass through one microlens that is a component of the microlens array used in the IP system the more observable range of the stereoscopic image to be displayed is.
  • the performance of the stereoscopic display can be improved, such as a wide design and a smooth change of the stereoscopic image with respect to a change in the viewpoint position due to an increase in the number of controllable light rays included in the unit viewing angle range.
  • Patent Document 1 in order to improve the resolution of the two-dimensional image displayed on the back surface of the microlens array, the images of a large number of projectors are projected in high density in a tile shape and cannot be realized with an existing device.
  • a technique for generating a high-resolution two-dimensional image and improving the number of pixels of the two-dimensional image covered by one minute lens is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for increasing the number of controllable light beams that pass through one minute lens by superimposing images from a large number of projectors.
  • Patent Document 1 solves the problem due to the manufacturing limit of the two-dimensional display device by arranging the images of a large number of projectors in a tile shape, but in order to project a high-resolution image at a short distance.
  • An expensive projection lens with a high resolution is required, or there is an optical manufacturing limit for a diffusing screen installed on a focal plane in order to form a pixel image.
  • Patent Document 2 solves the problem due to the manufacturing limit of the two-dimensional display device by superimposing the images of a large number of projectors, and makes the resolution and stereoscopic effect of the stereoscopic video scalable by changing the number of projectors. It is a technology that can be changed. This technology requires a small projector, but in recent years, the market for small projectors and laser projectors has been formed for applications such as portable devices. There is no need to look. However, there is a problem that the image quality of the stereoscopic image in this technology is perceived as granular on the surface of the stereoscopic image and lacks smoothness.
  • FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes a projector.
  • nine projectors are arranged vertically and horizontally.
  • the microlens array 2 is an array of microlenses, and is installed between the projector and the observer.
  • the microlens array may be one in which a horizontal lenticular lens 20 and a vertical lenticular lens 21 are overlapped.
  • a light ray group parallel to the light ray 302a, a light ray group parallel to the light ray 303a, and a light ray group parallel to the light ray 304a are incident on the lens array 2 by three projectors.
  • a light beam control mechanism such as a Fresnel lens is required in front of the lens array 2 in order to make the parallel light beams incident, but they are omitted here and are generally regarded as parallel.
  • the light beams 302a, 302b, and 302c are condensed in the point 302 by the microlenses of the lens array 2 and then spread in the respective directions.
  • the light rays 303a, 303b, and 303c are condensed at the point 303
  • the light rays 304a, 304b, and 304c are condensed at the point 304.
  • the observer 300 sees the light rays spreading from the condensing points arranged in the range 301, but the condensing points are discretely distributed as shown in the figure, so that the image quality of the stereoscopic image is perceived as granular.
  • the discrete distribution can be made dense.
  • the size and installation location of the projector itself have physical limitations, and the cost is high. Become.
  • the autostereoscopic display according to the present invention includes a plurality of projectors, a microlens array that collects light rays projected from the projectors, and a diffusion plate that diffuses the light rays collected by the microlens array.
  • the diffusion plate has a diffusion angle corresponding to the distance from the microlens array.
  • the diffusing plate is disposed so as to form a virtual condensing point between a plurality of condensing points of light beams by a plurality of microlenses constituting the microlens array.
  • ⁇ Installing a diffuser plate between the microlens array and the observer has the effect of interpolating the light rays incident on the observer's eyes and perceiving a stereoscopic image smoothly.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 drawn in a horizontal plane passing through the center of the Fresnel lens 7. It is a figure explaining the light beam which a projector projects. It is a figure explaining the behavior of the light beam perpendicularly incident on the Fresnel lens.
  • FIG. 4 shows an apparatus configuration of an autostereoscopic display in which a Fresnel lens 7 is added to the autostereoscopic display.
  • a Fresnel lens 7 provides an optical system function equivalent to a convex lens, and is arranged so that the Fresnel lens surface becomes a focusing surface of the projected image of the projector 1.
  • the microlens array 2 is installed on the side opposite to the side where the projector is installed across the Fresnel lens 7 and is arranged in parallel with the Fresnel lens 7.
  • an optical system having optical characteristics equivalent to the Fresnel lens, such as a single convex lens, may be used.
  • an optical system intersecting lenticular lenses as shown in FIG. 2 may be used.
  • the observer 40 observes the stereoscopic image by viewing the light rays projected from the nine projectors and passing through the Fresnel lens 7 and the microlens array 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 drawn in a horizontal plane passing through the center of the Fresnel lens 7.
  • the microlens array 2 and the Fresnel lens 7 are arranged in parallel.
  • the three projectors 30, 31, 32 arranged on the cross section are arranged in parallel to the surface of the Fresnel lens 7, and the center of the projection lens of each projector is on the same plane Lp.
  • a plane passing through the lens center of the Fresnel lens 7 and parallel to the lens is denoted by L7, and a plane passing through the lens center of each microlens constituting the microlens array 2 is denoted by L2.
  • each microlens constituting the microlens array 2 is set to f2
  • the focal length of the Fresnel lens 7 is set to f7.
  • the distance between the surface L2 and the surface L7 is Hm
  • the distance between the surface L7 and the surface Lp is Hp.
  • Hp and f7 are made equal
  • Hm and f2 are made equal.
  • each light ray represents only a chief ray.
  • the principal ray 501 at the center of the projected image of the projector 30 enters the lens center of the Fresnel lens 7 perpendicularly.
  • the light passes vertically as it is and enters the microlens array 2.
  • the principal ray 502 at the left end and the principal ray 503 at the right end of the projected image of the projector 30 are incident on the Fresnel lens 7 at an angle, but are emitted vertically from the surface of the Fresnel lens 7 due to the lens effect, and the microlens array 2. Incident perpendicular to. That is, the principal ray of each pixel of the projected image of the projector 30 is guided to the microlens array 2 as a group of parallel rays perpendicular to the lens surface of the Fresnel lens 7.
  • the projector 31 adjusts the projection position so that the principal ray 511 at the center of the projected image of the projector 31 is incident on the lens center position of the Fresnel lens 7 at an angle ⁇ . Since the principal ray 511 passes through the center of the Fresnel lens 7, it exits from the Fresnel lens 7 at the same angle ⁇ as the incident angle ⁇ and enters the microlens array 2.
  • the principal ray 512 at the left end and the principal ray 513 at the right end of the projected image of the projector 31 are emitted from the surface of the Fresnel lens 7 at an angle ⁇ by the lens effect and enter the microlens array 2. That is, the principal ray of each pixel of the projected image of the projector 31 is guided from the lens surface of the Fresnel lens 7 to the microlens array 2 as a parallel ray group having an angle ⁇ .
  • the projector 32 Since the projector 32 is installed in a symmetrical position with respect to the projector 31 with the projector 30 in between, the principal rays 521, 522, and 523 of each pixel of the projected image are symmetric with respect to the projector 31.
  • the positional relationship between the incident light beam and the outgoing light beam of the projected images of the projectors 30 and 31 with respect to one microlens that is a component of the microlens array 2 will be described.
  • the light beam emitted from the entire projection lens of the projector is expressed as a light beam.
  • the light flux from the projector will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the light beam emitted from the center of the pixel 611 at the center of the projector 30 will be described.
  • the principal ray emitted from the central portion of the pixel 611 is 501, and the luminous flux emitted from the central portion of the pixel 611 is converged as a luminous flux 601 a by the projection lens 60 by the projector diffusing light source, and enters the Fresnel lens 7 with an angle ⁇ 1,
  • the light is emitted as a light beam 601b by the lens effect.
  • a light beam emitted from the right end portion of the right end pixel 612 of the projector 30 will be described.
  • the principal ray emitted from the right end portion of the pixel 612 is 502, and the light beam emitted from the right end portion of the pixel 612 by the diffused light source of the projector is converged as a light beam 602a by the projection lens 60, and enters the Fresnel lens 7 with an angle ⁇ 2.
  • the light is emitted as a light beam 602b by the lens effect.
  • the principal ray is 503, the converged light beam 603a, the incident angle ⁇ 3 to the Fresnel lens 7, and the emitted light beam 603b.
  • the convergence angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 of the luminous flux increase as the aperture of the projection lens increases.
  • the behavior of the luminous flux group projected from the projector 30 onto the micro lens 704 at the center of the micro lens array 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the case where the microlens 704 is positioned so that the optical axis passes through the center 706 of the Fresnel lens 7 vertically is shown.
  • the projector 30 projects as described with reference to FIG.
  • a group of light beams incident on the region 705 of the Fresnel lens 7 from the projector 30 are emitted while spreading in the vertical direction due to the lens effect, and after passing through the minute lens 704, pass through the condensing point 701 as parallel light beams due to the lens effect. Exit.
  • the luminous flux of the projector 30 is densely incident on the area 705, the dense luminous flux is incident on the minute lens 704, and the luminous flux is densely spread from the condensing point 701 to the conical area of the range 703.
  • the size of the condensing point is determined by the aperture and angle of view of the projector and the focal length of the microlens.
  • the light beam group spreading in a conical shape includes light beams that differ by the number of pixels corresponding to the microlens in an arrangement according to the arrangement of the pixels.
  • the condensing point 701 by each microlens is formed on the plane L3 having a distance of the focal length f2 from the plane L2.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram collectively describing the behavior of the light beam group and the focal point of the three projectors 30, 31, and 32.
  • a light beam is incident on the microlens array 2 from the Fresnel lens 7 in the direction 930 from the projector 30, in the direction 931 from the projector 31, and in the direction 932 from the projector 32.
  • These light rays pass through each microlens of the microlens array 2 and spread through a condensing point corresponding to three projectors for each microlens.
  • These condensing points are arranged in a range 901, and when viewed from the observer, the condensing points (small circles in the drawing) are distributed with respect to the microlens array 2 as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the behavior of light rays incident on the pupil 1104 of the eyeball 1100 of the observer.
  • a description will be given using three points 1101a, 1102a, and 1103a among the nine condensing points formed for one microlens 1105 of the microlens array 2.
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a solid line 1101c and a solid line 1101d spreads.
  • the conical light beam group indicated by a dotted line 1101e and a dotted line 1101f is incident on the pupil 1104 and connects the image 1101b on the retina. .
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a solid line 1102c and a solid line 1102d spreads from the condensing point 1102a
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a dotted line 1102e and a dotted line 1102f is incident on the pupil 1104 and is imaged on the retina.
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a solid line 1103c and a solid line 1103d spreads from the condensing point 1103a
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a dotted line 1103e and a dotted line 1103f is incident on the pupil 1104 and is on the retina.
  • the condensing points are discretely formed, and the images formed on the retina are also discrete accordingly, and as a result, the stereoscopic image is perceived as granular, and the stereoscopic image lacking smoothness is perceived. Will do.
  • a diffusing plate 120 for diffusing light rays is installed between the microlens array 2 and the observer 40.
  • FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 11, but the lines representing the entire conical light beam of the microlens array 2, the minute lens 1105, and each condensing point are omitted.
  • the condensing points 1101 a, 1102 a, and 1103 a are arranged at equal intervals on the focal plane of the microlens array 2, that is, the focal plane 130 of the microlens group, and are omitted here but formed for adjacent microlenses.
  • the condensing points are also arranged at regular intervals following these three points.
  • a conical light beam group indicated by a solid line 1101e and a solid line 1101f extending from the condensing point 1101a enters the pupil 1104, connects the image 1101b on the retina, and a conical light beam indicated by a solid line 1102e and a solid line 1102f extending from the condensing point 1102a.
  • the group enters the pupil 1104 and connects the image 1102b on the retina
  • the conical light beam group indicated by the solid line 1103e and the solid line 1103f extending from the condensing point 1103a enters the pupil 1104 and connects the image 1103b on the retina.
  • a light flux group is generated that connects the image 1301b and the image 1302b on the retina so as to fill the space between the image 1102b and the image 1101b.
  • the light flux group that connects the image 1301b on the retina becomes a conical light flux group indicated by a dotted line 1301e and a dotted line 1301f extending from the virtual condensing point 1301a that is a virtual condensing point that does not exist, and the image 1302b is placed on the retina.
  • the bundle of light fluxes to be connected becomes a conical light flux group indicated by dotted lines 1302e and 1302f extending from the virtual condensing point 1302a. Generated by diffusion.
  • the diffusion plate 120 is installed on a plane passing through the intersection 1303 between the solid line 1101e and the solid line 1102f and the intersection 1304 between the solid line 1101f and the solid line 1103e will be described.
  • This installation position is an example, and may be close to the focal plane 130 or close to the pupil 1104 as described later.
  • the installation position of the diffusing plate 120 is from the focal plane 130 from the microlens array 2.
  • the distance between the diffusion plate 120 and the microlens array 2 (surface L2 in FIG. 5) is L, L> f2.
  • the diffusion angle of the diffusing plate 120 in the case of generating a light beam group consisting of a dotted line 1301e and a dotted line 1301f extending from the virtual condensing point 1301a for connecting the image 1301b on the retina will be described. Since the ratio of the pixel group forming the image 1301b that interpolates the image 1102b on the retina and the image 1101b is close to the image 1102b, the pixel group including the image 1102b is included in a large amount. That is, the diffusion angle of the diffusing plate 120 is so large that excessive light fluxes are not included in the desired light flux group.
  • the diffusion angle of the diffusing plate 120 is too large, not only does the image for interpolation connected to the retina such as the image 1301b include light beams that spread from a large number of condensing points, but also, for example, an actual condensing point.
  • An image 1102b from 1102a also becomes unclear due to the overlap of light beams from other condensing points. Therefore, in the case of a light beam group spreading from the virtual condensing point 1301a described below, a large number of light beam groups spreading from the condensing point 1102a are included, and a light beam group spreading from the condensing point 1101a or the condensing point 1103a is not included so much. To. Below, it demonstrates using the chief ray of each light beam. Further, the light beam spreading from the condensing point 1103a is ignored.
  • the light beam 1301g in the direction of the dotted line 1301e will be described.
  • the light beam 1102g emitted from the condensing point 1102a and the light ray 1101g emitted from the condensing point 1101a are incident on the intersection 1400 between the light ray 1301g and the diffusion plate 120.
  • the diffusion plate 120 having a diffusion angle that generates the light ray 1301g from the light ray 1102g is used.
  • the light 1101g can be prevented from being mixed with the light 1301g.
  • Such a diffusion angle is determined from the position of the condensing point by the microlens array, the position of the observer's eye, and the relationship between the distance and the angle between the position and the position of the diffusion plate.
  • the angle change from the light ray 1102g to the light ray 1301g The relationship between the angle change from the light ray 1101g to the light ray 1301g and the same angle change is obtained.
  • a larger angle change than before is required for the range formed between the points 1303 and 1401 on the diffusion plate 120.
  • the light flux group spreading from a plurality of condensing points is incident on the same portion of the diffusion plate 120, it is difficult to change the diffusion angle corresponding to a specific light flux group. Suppose it is uniform.
  • the diffusion angle is a value ⁇ suitable for the range of the points 1400 and 1303, the light beam spreading from the condensing point 1102a cannot be guided in order to interpolate the image 1301b in the range of the points 1303 and 1401. .
  • the interpolation image 1301b is formed on the retina, the portion close to the image 1101b lacks the image.
  • the reason why the image is missing is that it has been explained on the assumption of a diffusion plate in which the diffused light beam (density) disappears when the diffusion angle ⁇ is exceeded.
  • the diffusion angle is a full angle representing the position at which the luminance of the conical diffused light becomes half the value of the central luminance (light density in the principal ray direction) (1/2 light density).
  • the light density from the light condensing point 1102a contributes to the interpolation of the image 1301b, although the light density becomes small.
  • the light flux from the condensing point 1101a also contributes to interpolate the image 1301b although the light density is small. That is, in the image 1301b, since the light flux from the condensing point 1102a and the light flux from the condensing point 1101a are superimposed, the pixels by these light fluxes are superimposed.
  • the diffusion angle is set to a value ⁇ suitable for the range between the points 1400 and 1303, the superposition ratio of the light flux from the condensing point 1102a is large, and the image 1301b is an image close to the image 1102b.
  • the condensing point 1101 a is in the range of the points 1303 and 1401 and the point 1400 and the point 1303 near the point 1303.
  • the ratio at which the luminous flux spreading from the light is superimposed increases.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the diffusion angle of the diffusion plate 120 in the case of generating a light flux group consisting of a dotted line 1302e and a dotted line 1302f extending from a virtual condensing point 1302a for connecting the image 1302b on the retina.
  • the concept is the same as in FIG. If the diffusion angle is a value ⁇ suitable for the range between the points 1501 and 1303, the light beam spreading from the condensing point 1101a cannot be guided from the range of the points 1303 and 1500 for interpolation.
  • the diffusion angle is a value ⁇ suitable for the range between the points 1501 and 1303
  • the light beam spreading from the condensing point 1101a cannot be guided from the range of the points 1303 and 1500 for interpolation.
  • the diffusion angle is set to a value ⁇ suitable for the range between the points 1501 and 1303, the superposition ratio of the light flux from the condensing point 1101a is large, and the image 1302b becomes an image close to the image 1101b.
  • the diffusion angle is a value ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ) suitable for the range between the points 1303 and 1500
  • the ratio at which the luminous flux spreading from the light is superimposed increases.
  • an image on the retina is obtained by disposing the diffusion plate 120 between the focal plane of the microlens array 2, that is, the focal plane 130 of the microlens group and the pupil 1104 of the observer.
  • An image 1302b between 1102b and image 1101b can be interpolated.
  • the interpolated image makes it difficult to perceive the image quality of the stereoscopic image in a granular manner, and a stereoscopic image with smooth image quality can be viewed.
  • the observer can view the stereoscopic image with an improved image quality.
  • a light beam group that overlaps the light beam group that spreads from the light condensing point 1102a is generated based on the light beam group that spreads from the light condensing point 1101a, and conversely, the light beam group that spreads from the light condensing point 1102a is collected. This is an example of generating a light beam group that overlaps a light beam group spreading from the light spot 1101a.
  • the diffusion angle ⁇ is sufficient to change the angle of light 1101h to light 1101o, change the angle of light 1101m to light 1101n, change the angle of light 1102h to light 1102o, and change the angle of light 1102m to light 1102n.
  • interpolation can be performed reliably, and a diffusion plate having a diffusion angle greater than this diffusion angle ⁇ is used.
  • the image quality only deteriorates.
  • the diffusion angle of the diffusion plate 120 is made to correspond to the distance from the microlens array 2.
  • the correspondence between the diffusion angle and the distance of the microlens array 2 is inversely proportional.
  • the diffusing plate 120 is moved away from the observer, that is, when the diffusing plate 120 is brought close to the focal plane 130 of the microlens array 2, a light beam that enters the diffusing plate from the condensing point is emitted from the virtual condensing point.
  • a diffuser plate with a large diffusion angle. If the diffusion angle remains small, sufficient light rays to form an interpolated image are required. The density cannot be obtained.
  • the present embodiment by installing a diffusion plate between the microlens array and the observer, it is possible to interpolate light rays incident on the eyes of the observer and to perceive a stereoscopic image smoothly.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
PCT/JP2009/005184 2008-11-19 2009-10-06 裸眼立体視ディスプレイ Ceased WO2010058515A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/120,893 US20120127570A1 (en) 2008-11-19 2009-10-06 Auto-stereoscopic display
CN200980132313XA CN102132193A (zh) 2008-11-19 2009-10-06 裸眼立体视觉显示器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008-295430 2008-11-19
JP2008295430A JP2010122424A (ja) 2008-11-19 2008-11-19 裸眼立体視ディスプレイ

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JP (1) JP2010122424A (enExample)
CN (1) CN102132193A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2010058515A1 (enExample)

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