WO2010050269A1 - 通信装置および通信システム - Google Patents
通信装置および通信システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050269A1 WO2010050269A1 PCT/JP2009/062132 JP2009062132W WO2010050269A1 WO 2010050269 A1 WO2010050269 A1 WO 2010050269A1 JP 2009062132 W JP2009062132 W JP 2009062132W WO 2010050269 A1 WO2010050269 A1 WO 2010050269A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18563—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-beam communication system that covers a communication area with a plurality of beams, and more particularly, to a hybrid mobile communication system shared by a terrestrial radio system and a satellite mobile system.
- the satellite communication system described in Patent Document 1 includes a satellite and a ground station connected to a ground network line, and the satellite forms a plurality of beams.
- a beam area which is an area in which a radio terminal and a satellite can communicate with each other by a beam formed by a satellite, is referred to as a user link radio line.
- the frequency band used in the user link radio channel is the same (frequency f1) in any beam area, but the frequency band used in the feeder link radio channel, which is a radio channel between the satellite and the ground station. Is a frequency different from f1.
- the satellite is either a geostationary satellite or an orbiting satellite that orbits the earth.
- the satellite receives each forward link signal from the terrestrial network line via the ground station using the feeder link radio line. Furthermore, the satellite demultiplexes and extracts each forward link signal from the received terrestrial network line, and then multiplexes them in each beam area according to control command information from the ground station, and uses the user link radio line. To each beam area. With the above signal processing flow, wireless terminals existing in each beam area can receive signals transmitted from users of the terrestrial network line.
- the satellite receives a return link signal from a wireless terminal in each beam area using a user link wireless line. Furthermore, the satellite demultiplexes and extracts the return link signals from each beam area according to the control command information from the ground station, and then combines the signals from multiple beams and uses the feeder link radio link to terrestrial Send to the station. The ground station demultiplexes and extracts the received signal from the satellite and transmits it to the ground network line. With the signal processing flow described above, signals transmitted from wireless terminals in each beam area can be transmitted to users of the terrestrial network line.
- the satellite of this conventional satellite communication system realizes multi-beam transmission / reception on the user link (user link radio link) side by digital beam forming technology.
- this satellite includes a user link side transceiver, and the user link side transceiver includes a receiving array antenna element composed of N (N is a natural number) array antenna elements, a low noise amplifier (LNA: Low).
- N is a natural number
- LNA low noise amplifier
- reception analog filter D / C
- AD Analog to Digital
- reception DBF Digital Beam Forming
- reception DBF control unit reception FB (Filter Bank)
- reception FB control unit A transmission FB control unit, a transmission FB, a transmission DBF control unit, a transmission DBF network, a DA converter, a transmission analog filter, an up converter (U / C), a power amplifier (PA), and a transmission array antenna element.
- the user link side transceiver receives signals transmitted from wireless terminals in each beam area using a receiving array antenna.
- each receiving array antenna may receive a signal from each beam area via a reflecting mirror.
- Each of the N LNAs amplifies the received signal received by the receiving array antenna corresponding to one array element, and each of the N D / Cs converts the corresponding received signal after amplification to direct current (DC) or intermediate (IF ) Frequency conversion to frequency
- each of the N reception analog filters extracts a desired system band signal from the corresponding reception signal after frequency conversion. Further, each of the N A / D converters samples the signal after passing through the corresponding reception analog filter and converts it into a digital signal.
- the reception DBF control unit is based on control command information (information such as a beam radiation direction calculated from the position and attitude of the satellite) transmitted from the ground station via the feeder link wireless line, and each digital signal subjected to A / D conversion. Then, each weight value for forming the receiving antenna pattern directed to the arrival direction of the desired signal is calculated, and the result is output to the receiving DBF network.
- the receiving DBF network multiplies each weight value corresponding to L (L is a natural number) in N digital signals, performs amplitude and phase control, and then adds all of them to obtain the first receiving antenna pattern. And the addition result is output as a first received beam signal.
- each weight value corresponding to another L is multiplied and added together to form a second reception antenna pattern, and the addition result is output as a second reception beam signal.
- the reception DBF network outputs a total of M reception beam signals from the first reception beam signal to the Mth (M is a natural number) reception beam.
- the reception FB control unit outputs frequency division instruction information indicating the division content of each reception beam signal to M reception FBs based on the control command information transmitted via the feeder link wireless line.
- the M reception FBs respectively demultiplex the corresponding reception beam signals into a plurality of signals based on the frequency division instruction information from the reception FB control unit.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is a configuration for realizing ⁇ 2 division, 4 division, 8 division ⁇ of the band of the input signal.
- the reception FB includes first to seventh seven divided filter banks and a selection unit. Each of the two-divided filter banks divides the frequency band of the input signal into two parts, extracts the divided higher frequency components, then downsamples the sampling rate to 1/2, and the lower divided part And a low-frequency decimator that downsamples the sampling rate to 1 ⁇ 2.
- the signal input to the reception FB is first input to the first two-divided filter bank, and the output of the high-frequency decimator and the output of the low-frequency decimator of the first two-divided filter bank are respectively second. Are input to the two-divided filter bank and the third two-divided filter bank. Then, the output of the high frequency side decimator and the output of the low frequency side decimator of the second two-divided filter bank are respectively input to the fourth two-divided filter bank and the fifth two-divided filter bank, and the third two-divided filter bank.
- the output of the high frequency side decimator and the output of the low frequency side decimator of the filter bank are input to the sixth two-divided filter bank and the seventh two-divided filter bank, respectively.
- the outputs of the first to seventh two-divided filter banks are input to the selection unit.
- the selection unit can obtain the signal in the F1 frequency band by selecting the output of the low-frequency decimator of the seventh two-divided filter bank. By selecting the output of the high frequency side decimator of the bank, a signal in the frequency band of F2 can be obtained. Also, by selecting the output of the high frequency side decimator of the third 2-part filter bank, the signal of the frequency band of F3 can be obtained, and the output of the high frequency side decimator of the first 2-part filter bank is selected. By doing so, a signal in the frequency band of F4 can be obtained.
- the selection unit discards the frequency components other than the frequency band used in the satellite system without selecting them. For example, when the signal in the F4 frequency band is not the signal of the satellite system (for example, the interference wave) In the case of signals from other systems), the selection unit discards the first two-divided filter bank high frequency side decimator without selecting the output.
- each demultiplexed signal selected and output by the selection unit is multiplexed by a satellite together with a signal demultiplexed with respect to other received beam signals, and transmitted to the ground station using a feeder link radio line.
- the transmission FB corresponding to each beam combines each signal transmitted from the feeder link radio line into one transmission beam signal based on the frequency synthesis instruction information from the transmission FB control unit. That is, M transmission beam signals are output from M transmission FBs.
- the transmission DBF network multiplies L ′ weight values instructed from the transmission DBF control unit by a predetermined transmission beam signal copied to L ′. When this process is performed for each of M transmission beam signals, L ′ ⁇ M signals are obtained.
- the transmission DBF network has N ( ⁇ L ' ⁇ M) DBF transmission signals are output.
- the N D / A converters convert the corresponding DBF transmission signals from digital to analog signals.
- Each of the N transmission analog filters removes the image component from the corresponding analog signal, and each of the N U / Cs is a radio signal different from the frequency on the reception side after the corresponding image removal signal (analog DBF signal). Convert frequency to frequency.
- each of the N PAs amplifies the analog DBF signal converted to the corresponding radio frequency, and the transmission array antenna outputs each amplified analog DBF signal to space.
- the transmission array antenna may output each analog DBF signal to space via a reflecting mirror.
- the effect of interference is avoided by forming an antenna pattern with respect to the null.
- various methods have already been established for estimating the direction of arrival of a signal source, such as the beam former method and the multiple signal separation method (MUSIC).
- reception DBF control unit Specific signal processing for avoiding interference is performed by the reception DBF control unit.
- the reception DBF control unit analyzes the signal source of the incoming signal and, when determining that the signal is other than the own satellite communication system, determines that the signal is an interference wave and performs null formation of the antenna pattern in the interference direction.
- the weight value is calculated and output to the receiving DBF network.
- the receiving DBF network performs null formation on the antenna pattern with respect to the interference direction using this weight value, and performs interference reduction to the extent that communication is not affected.
- the interference source to the satellite reception system is the radio wave of each mobile phone of the terrestrial wireless cellular system in the neighboring area that uses the same frequency as the target beam area.
- the radius of the satellite beam area is 100 km and the radius of the terrestrial radio cellular is 1 km
- the number of terrestrial cellulars per one beam area of the satellite can be estimated to be about 10,000.
- there are an infinite number of interference waves ( radio waves from mobile phones) emitted from neighboring areas. Therefore, it is difficult for the satellite to estimate the direction of arrival for each interference wave and realize null formation on the antenna pattern for all the interference waves, as in the prior art.
- the terrestrial radio cellular system is Shared frequency with multi-beam satellite system can be used. Therefore, innumerable interference waves from mobile phones arrive at the satellite, and the distribution of the interference waves is proportional to the population density at that time.
- the number of interference waves from urban areas is enormous, and a large number of interference sources are generated mainly in each urban area, which cannot be removed by the side lobes of the receiving antenna pattern at the initial setting.
- the satellite needs to form nulls for all these interference sources, but the reception DBF control unit has a huge calculation and a huge circuit scale for forming an infinite number of nulls. Realization is extremely difficult.
- the frequency band shared by both systems has been described as one.
- the shared frequency band is divided into a plurality of parts in consideration of the mobility of the wireless terminals constituting the multi-beam satellite system.
- the divided frequency bands are used in different cells.
- the frequency band shared by both systems is divided into three, and the divided frequency bands are defined as f1, f2, and f3, respectively.
- the frequency sharing is performed in each divided frequency unit (f1, f2, f3), the same problem as in the case where the above division is not performed (when one frequency band is shared) occurs.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication device and a communication system that can suppress an increase in circuit scale and can reduce the influence of interference from a terrestrial wireless cellular system.
- the present invention provides a receiving array antenna composed of N (N is a natural number) array antenna elements, and reception for each array antenna element by digital beam forming processing.
- a reception beam forming means for generating reception beam signals for forming M (M is a natural number) reception beams having different beam areas, and a frequency-demultiplexed reception beam signal obtained by frequency-demultiplexing the reception beam signal.
- a reception filter bank that holds, for each received beam, an interference candidate beam area that is a beam area that interferes with the received beam estimated based on a predetermined initial received beam characteristic.
- the reception spectrum is obtained for each reception beam based on the frequency demultiplexing reception beam signal,
- Interference source detection means for determining an interference source area that is a beam area that becomes an interference source for each combination of a reception beam and a frequency based on a reception spectrum and a reception spectrum of a reception beam directed to the interference candidate beam area
- the reception beam forming means generates the reception beam signal so as to perform null formation in the direction of the interference source area for each combination of the reception beam and the frequency.
- the interference source detection means calculates the average power based on the signal demultiplexed in units of the minimum frequency, obtains the received signal spectrum, predicts the received signal spectrum, the interference source area, and the like. Based on the relationship with the transmission signal from the area to be detected, the interference source area that is the adjacent area where strong interference waves are generated is detected, and a weight is applied to form a null for the detected interference source area. Since the calculation is performed, it is possible to suppress an increase in circuit scale and to reduce the influence of interference from the terrestrial wireless cellular system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of a communication device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the reception FB according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the average power of each signal demultiplexed in units of the minimum frequency.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of dividing the system band.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam area and a frequency to be used in the communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a spectrum example of a signal arriving at the satellite.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram of a spectrum example of a signal arriving at the satellite.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a spectrum example of a signal arriving at the satellite.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram of a spectrum example of a signal arriving at the satellite.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception beam signal forming process when the initial reception beam forming is performed in the direction of the area 64.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception beam signal forming process when initial reception beam formation is performed in the direction of the area 63.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception beam signal forming process when initial reception beam formation is performed in the direction of the area 65.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the reception spectrums when the reception beams are directed to the areas 63, 64, and 65, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure of interference removal processing.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an interference signal when the terrestrial cellular system is the CDMA system.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the received signal spectrum of f4 when the reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed with respect to the area 63.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a received signal spectrum in the frequency band of f4 when the reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed in the areas 63 and 61.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception signal spectrum when a reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed with respect to the areas 63 and 61.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the communication apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the communication apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of a communication device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed that the communication apparatus according to the present embodiment is mounted on a satellite such as a geostationary satellite or an orbiting satellite. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a receiving array antenna made up of receiving array antenna elements 1-1 to 1-N (N is a natural number), and receiving array antenna elements 1-1 to 1.
- N is a natural number
- reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M (M is a natural number), reception FB control unit 9, interference source And a detection unit 10.
- the communication apparatus further includes a transmission DBF control unit 11, a transmission FB control unit 12, transmission FBs 13-1 to 13-M, a transmission DBF network 14, a DA converter (D / A ) 15-1 to 15-N, Filters 16-1 to 16-N which are transmission analog filters, Upconverters (U / C) 17-1 to 17-N, and Power amplifiers (PA) 18-1 to 18 -N and transmitting array antenna elements 19-1 to 19-N.
- a transmission DBF control unit 11 a transmission FB control unit 12
- transmission FBs 13-1 to 13-M transmission FBs 13-1 to 13-M
- a transmission DBF network 14 a DA converter (D / A ) 15-1 to 15-N
- Filters 16-1 to 16-N which are transmission analog filters
- PA Power amplifiers
- the communication apparatus forms a multi-beam (configures M beam areas) and communicates with a ground station connected to the ground network through a feeder link line.
- a communication system is configured by the communication apparatus according to the present embodiment, the above-described ground station, and the user terminal that performs wireless communication with the own apparatus within each beam area.
- a user terminal in the communication system of the present embodiment can communicate with a user on the terrestrial network via the communication apparatus of the present embodiment and the ground station.
- the system band is shared between the terrestrial wireless cellular system and the communication system (multi-beam satellite system) of this embodiment. Further, in the communication system according to the present embodiment, the system band is divided into a predetermined number, and the divided frequencies are assigned and used for each beam area.
- the reception FB function provided in the conventional satellite constituting the multi-beam is used, the average value of the signal power demultiplexed by each reception FB is obtained, and strong interference is generated on the average based on the average value.
- the beam area is identified, and the antenna pattern is null-formed for each beam area.
- the transmission FBs 13-1 to 13-M combine each signal transmitted from the feeder link radio line into one transmission beam signal based on the frequency synthesis instruction information from the transmission FB control unit 12. To wave. That is, M transmission beam signals are output from the M transmission FBs 13-1 to 13-M.
- the transmission DBF network 14 multiplies L ′ weight values instructed from the transmission DBF control unit 11 by a predetermined transmission beam signal copied to L ′.
- the frequency synthesis instruction information and L ′ are transmitted in advance from the ground station.
- L ′ ⁇ M signals are obtained.
- the transmission DBF network 14 has N ( ⁇ L ′ ⁇ M) DBF transmission signals are output.
- D / A 15-i 1 to N converts the corresponding DBF transmission signals from digital to analog signals.
- Filter 16-i removes image components from the analog signal converted by D / A 15-i, and U / C 17-i uses the signal (analog DBF signal) from which image is removed by Filter 16-i as the frequency on the receiving side. Frequency conversion to a different radio frequency.
- the PA 18-i amplifies the analog DBF signal converted into the radio frequency by the U / C 17-i, and the transmission array antenna element 19-i outputs the analog DBF signal amplified by the PA 18-i to the space.
- the transmitting array antenna element 19-i may output each analog DBF signal to space via a reflecting mirror.
- the communication apparatus uses a receiving array antenna (an array antenna including receiving array antenna elements 1-1 to 1-N) and a signal transmitted from a wireless terminal in each beam area generated by the own apparatus. Receive. At this time, each receiving array antenna may receive a signal from each beam area via a reflecting mirror.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 includes control command information (information such as a beam radiation direction calculated from the position and attitude of the satellite) transmitted from the ground station via the feeder link wireless line, and A / Ds 5-1 to 5-N. Based on each processed digital signal, each weight value for forming a receiving antenna pattern in the direction of arrival of the desired signal is calculated, and the calculation result is output to the receiving DBF network 6.
- the reception DBF network 6 performs amplitude and phase control by multiplying each weight value corresponding to L (L is a natural number) in N digital signals processed by the A / Ds 5-1 to 5-N. , All are added to form a first reception antenna pattern, and the addition result is output as a first reception beam signal.
- the reception DBF network 6 multiplies each L value corresponding to another L and adds them together to form a second reception antenna pattern, and the addition result is used as a second reception beam signal. Output. In this way, the reception DBF network 6 outputs a total of M reception beam signals from the first reception beam signal to the Mth (M is a natural number) reception beam.
- reception FB control unit 9 outputs frequency division instruction information indicating the division contents of each reception beam signal to the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M based on the control command information transmitted via the feeder link radio line. .
- the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M demultiplex each reception beam signal output from the reception DBF network 6 into a plurality of signals based on the frequency division instruction information from the reception FB control unit 9.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the reception FB 8-1 according to the present embodiment.
- the reception FB 8-1 according to the present embodiment is composed of two-divided filter banks 21-1 to 21-7 and a selection unit 22.
- the reception FB 8-1 of this embodiment is, for example, a conventional reception as shown in ““ Multi-rate signal processing ”, Hitoshi Kiya, Shosodo, pp. 94, FIGS. 6.5 (a) and (b)”. This can be realized by the configuration of the FB.
- the output signals of the two-divided filter banks 21-4 to 21-7 (the output signal 23 in the figure), that is, the minimum frequency band unit obtained by dividing the usable frequency band Is different from the conventional reception FB in that the signal demultiplexed in is input to the interference source detection unit 10. Note that since this modification is merely an addition of output, the circuit scale is not changed from the conventional reception FB.
- the two-divided filter banks 21-1 to 21-7 each divide the frequency band of the input signal into two parts, extract the divided higher frequency component, and then downsample the sampling rate to 1 ⁇ 2. And a low-frequency decimator 32 that down-samples the sampling rate to 1/2 after extracting the divided lower frequency component.
- the reception FBs 8-2 to 8-M have the same configuration as that of the reception FB8-1.
- the signal input to the reception FB 8-1 is first input to the two-divided filter bank 21-1, and the output of the high-frequency decimator 31 and the output of the low-frequency decimator 32 of the two-divided filter bank 21-1 are respectively
- the data is input to the two-divided filter bank 21-2 and the two-divided filter bank 21-3.
- the output of the high frequency side decimator 31 and the output of the low frequency side decimator 32 of the two-divided filter bank 21-2 are input to the two-divided filter bank 21-4 and the two-divided filter bank 21-5, respectively.
- the output of the high frequency decimator 31 and the output of the low frequency decimator 32 of the filter bank 21-3 are input to the two-divided filter bank 21-6 and the two-divided filter bank 21-7, respectively.
- the outputs of the two-divided filter banks 21-1 to 21-7 are input to the selection unit 22.
- the selection unit 22 selects a signal in a frequency band used in the own communication system from the two-divided filter banks 21-1 to 21-7, outputs the signal to the user device in the subsequent stage, and the frequency used in the own communication system. Discards signals with frequency components other than bands.
- the interference source detection unit 10 obtains the average power of each signal demultiplexed by the minimum frequency unit output from the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M, and an area where many interference sources are generated based on the obtained average power Will be identified. Specifically, the following processing is performed. First, the interference source detection unit 10 calculates the power of each signal of the output signal 23, obtains the time average of those powers as the average power, and obtains M (for each beam) average power series.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the average power of each signal demultiplexed in units of the minimum frequency.
- Lower average powers 41 to 49 indicate the average power for each divided frequency that is divided (divided) by the minimum frequency unit. This average power is the average power calculated by the interference source detection unit 10 as described above.
- the input spectrum signal received signal spectrum
- average powers 41 to 49 as shown in the lower part are obtained.
- the spectrum of the input signal expressed in the minimum frequency unit can be obtained by obtaining the average power of the signal demultiplexed in the minimum frequency unit.
- the average power sequence obtained by the interference source detection unit 10 and the shape of the spectrum match, the beam area corresponding to the shape is directed. It can be determined that the received signal has been received.
- the average power sequence obtained by the interference source detection unit 10 is referred to as a received signal spectrum.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of dividing the system band. As shown in FIG. 4, the system band shared by the terrestrial wireless cellular system and the communication system according to the present embodiment is divided into ⁇ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7 ⁇ by seven. Explained.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam area and a frequency to be used in the communication system according to the present embodiment.
- the frequency divided into seven shown in FIG. 4 is assigned to each beam area.
- Each circle shown in FIG. 5 represents each beam area (cell) generated by the satellite.
- the beam area in FIG. 5 indicates a fixed range (area) on the ground, and the communication device of the present embodiment does not depend on the position of the satellite on which the communication device of the present embodiment is mounted.
- a beam area to be covered when a beam directed to the area is generated is shown.
- different frequencies are used in adjacent beam areas.
- seven frequencies are repeatedly used in units of seven cells.
- areas 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, and 67 use different frequencies of frequencies f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, and f7, respectively.
- the areas 68, 69, 70 and 71 adjacent to the areas 61 to 67 use frequencies f7, f2, f5 and f1, respectively.
- the frequencies ( ⁇ ⁇ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7) described in a circle. ⁇ ) Can be used. 5 covers a large city area such as the Tokyo metropolitan area, areas 61, 64, and 68 cover medium-sized cities, and areas 62, 65, and 71 are terrestrial wireless cellular systems. Covers the sea where there is no other area, and other areas cover agricultural or mountainous areas.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B Examples of the spectrum of signals arriving at the satellite from areas 61 to 71 under the above conditions are shown in FIGS.
- Each signal spectrum indicated by a white trapezoid in FIGS. 6A and 6B represents a spectrum of a signal transmitted from a user terminal in the communication system of the present embodiment.
- Each other shaded spectrum indicates a spectrum of a signal transmitted from each user terminal of the terrestrial wireless cellular system.
- the signal spectrum output from the terrestrial wireless cellular system is particularly high, and conversely the areas 62, 65, In 71, there is no signal spectrum transmitted from the terrestrial wireless cellular system.
- FIG. 7 to 9 show examples of reception beam signal forming processing in the case of the frequency arrangement of FIG. 4 and the conditions shown in FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the reception beam signal forming process when the initial reception beam forming is performed in the direction of the area 64
- FIG. 8 shows the initial reception beam forming in the direction of the area 63
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the received beam signal forming process when the initial received beam forming is performed in the direction of the area 65.
- a reception signal received from a certain reception beam received by the communication apparatus includes a signal transmitted from the area to which the reception beam is directed and X [dB] transmitted from the six adjacent areas.
- the signal of the attenuated side lobe component is synthesized. Therefore, for example, the spectrum of the reception signal (reception beam signal) of the reception beam directed to the area 64 has the areas 61, 62, 63, 65, which are attenuated by X [dB] from the original signal level as shown in FIG.
- the signal spectrum transmitted from 66 and 67 and the signal spectrum transmitted from the area 64 are synthesized.
- the spectrum 81 in FIG. 7 is a component of the frequency f4 of the spectrum of the received beam signal directed to the area 64. 7 to 9, rectangles indicated by the same shaded type indicate components of the same type of signal transmitted from the same area.
- the received beam signal is transmitted from each user terminal of the terrestrial wireless cellular system in the area 63 and the area 61 as an interference wave in addition to the signal from the area 64 which is a desired wave.
- the signal is included.
- the interference wave is not completely removed in the initial reception antenna beam pattern, and the interference wave level is higher than the desired wave level, and communication is not established.
- Pout (4, 4) Pin (4,4) + w ⁇ Pin (1,4) + Pin (2,4) + Pin (3,4) + Pin (5,4) + Pin (6,4) + Pin (7,4)) (1)
- the spectrum of the received beam signal directed to the area 63 is the signal spectrum from the areas 61, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70 attenuated by X [dB], and the spectrum from the area 63. It is a composite of the signal spectrum.
- a spectrum 82 in FIG. 8 is a spectrum of the received beam signal having the frequency f 4 of the received beam signal directed to the area 63.
- the frequency f4 component from the area 63 that is, the signal from the terrestrial wireless cellular system from the area 63 is dominant.
- Pout (3, 4) can be expressed by the following equation (2).
- Pout (3,4) Pin (3,4) + w ⁇ (Pin (1,4) + Pin (4,4) + Pin (6,4) + Pin (8,4) + Pin (9,4) + Pin (10,4)) (2)
- the received beam signal from the area 63 has a higher level in other frequency components than the frequency of the desired signal f3. Further, assuming that the sum of the side lobe components of Pout (4, 4) is approximately equal to or less than the sum of the side lobe components of Pout (3, 4), the following equation (3) is established. Pout (3, 4)> Pout (4, 4) (3)
- the spectrum of the received beam signal directed to the area 65 is a beam at the end of the area covered by the communication system according to the present embodiment, so that the areas 62 and 64 attenuated by X [dB]. , 65, 67, 71 and the signal spectrum of area 65 are combined.
- description will be made assuming that there is no interference from an adjacent area that is not covered by the communication system of the present embodiment, but of course, if interference occurs from an adjacent area that is not covered by the communication system of the present embodiment, the interference is generated.
- the component in which the wave is attenuated by X [dB] is added.
- a spectrum 83 in FIG. 9 is a spectrum of the frequency f4 of the received beam signal directed to the area 65.
- the reception power Pout (5, 4) of the reception beam signal in the area 65 can be expressed by the following equation (4).
- Pout (5, 4) Pin (5,4) + w ⁇ (Pin (2,4) + Pin (4,4) + Pin (7,4) + Pin (11,4)) (4)
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the reception spectrums (spectrums 81 to 83) when the reception beams are directed to the areas 63, 64, and 65, respectively.
- Pout (3, 4) shows a high value due to the influence of the strong signal from the terrestrial wireless cellular system in the area 63, and the influence of the strong signal from the terrestrial wireless cellular system in the area 63. Is added as an interference component to Pout (4, 4).
- the interference source detection unit 10 uses the received signal spectrum obtained based on the output signals from the received FBs 8-1 to 8-M as the above Pout (n, m), Based on Pout (n, m) and the known antenna pattern side lobe attenuation w, Pin (n, m) is calculated.
- the received signal spectrum to be obtained does not need to be a signal that is demultiplexed in units of the minimum frequency, and is more in the demultiplexing process in the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M. You may obtain
- Pin (n, m) is obtained as follows.
- Pin (n, m) is a combination of Pin (1, 1), Pin (1, 2),..., Pin (1, 7) in the frequency direction.
- Pin (n, 1), Pin (n, 2),..., Pin (n, 7) arranged in the frequency direction are shown in FIGS. Each spectrum is shown. However, it is Pout (n, m) that the interference source detection unit 10 obtains as a reception spectrum due to the influence of the side lobe.
- the interference source detection unit 10 receives, for each reception beam area, a reception beam in which a strong interference wave that interferes with communication of the own communication system is generated in the obtained Pin (n, m). Is detected.
- This interference wave generation area is detected by, for example, obtaining a desired wave level S for each received beam based on Pin (n, m) based on Pin (n, m) corresponding to the received beam, and adjacent areas. Based on Pin (n, m), the interference wave level I of the desired wave frequency is obtained, and the S / I ratio is obtained. Then, a reception beam having an S / I ratio smaller than a predetermined threshold is extracted, and an adjacent area (interference source area) that influences the extracted reception beam as an interference source and its interference amount are detected. Then, the interference source detection unit 10 notifies the reception DBF control unit 7 of the detected interference source area and the amount of interference.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 does not estimate the arrival direction of the interference wave by itself, but forms a null in the interference direction based on the information on the interference source area from the interference source detection unit 10. . Therefore, the calculation amount of the reception DBF control unit 7 is small, and the reception DBF control unit 7 can be realized with a small circuit.
- null formation can be realized only in the direction of urban areas where interference sources are concentrated, and interference cancellation of multi-beam satellite systems can be achieved with a small amount of computation. Can be realized.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing procedure of the above-described interference removal processing.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 performs initial reception beam formation for each beam area based on the attitude and position information of the satellite (step S11).
- the interference source detection unit 10 measures the reception signal spectrum for each reception beam by averaging the output signals of the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M (step S12). That is, the interference source detection unit 10 obtains Pout (n, m). And the interference source detection part 10 calculates
- the interference source detection unit 10 determines whether or not an adjacent area in which a strong interference wave is generated is detected (step S14), and if it is detected (step S14 Yes), the interference source area is null. Formation is performed (step S15). Specifically, the interference source detection unit 10 notifies the reception DBF control unit 7 of the reception beam for which a desired wave has been obtained, the interference source area for the reception beam, and the amount of interference, and the reception DBF control unit 7
- the weight value for realizing null formation with respect to the interference source area is calculated while directing the antenna directivity to the beam area corresponding to, and the calculated weight value is output to the reception DBF network 6. And it returns to step S12 and repeats a process. If the adjacent area where a strong interference wave is generated is not detected in step S14 (No in step S14), the process returns to step S12.
- a frequency is assigned to 7 cells as one unit and repeated every 7 cells.
- the frequency arrangement is not limited to this, and any frequency can be used as long as it is repeated in units of 3 cells or more. Such a frequency arrangement may be used.
- the above-described interference avoidance process can be realized with a characteristic in which the sidelobe characteristic is gentle and the signal from not only the adjacent beam area but also the signal from the next adjacent beam area cannot be sufficiently attenuated.
- Pin (n, m) can be obtained from Pout (n, m) by taking simultaneous equations in consideration of the signal of the next adjacent beam area.
- the ground station may perform part or all of the arithmetic processing performed by the interference source detection unit 10 and the reception DBF control unit 7a in order to reduce the calculation scale, circuit scale, and power consumption on the satellite side.
- the satellite communication device transmits each signal, which is obtained by demultiplexing the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M by the minimum frequency unit, to the ground station using the feeder link wireless line or another wireless line.
- the ground station calculates the Pout (n, m), calculates simultaneous equations, detects the interference source area, and calculates a weight value that realizes null formation.
- the data is transmitted to a communication device mounted on the satellite using a feeder link wireless line or another wireless line.
- the frequency sharing method for sharing the frequency with the terrestrial wireless cellular system is assumed.
- the interference removal processing according to the present embodiment is effective when there are an infinite number of interference sources that influence and when they are concentrated in a specific plurality of areas. For example, it is also effective in avoiding interference in the own communication system, which may occur when the directivity of the receiving antenna pattern after the initial beam formation is gentle.
- an uplink signal directed to a satellite from another area using the same frequency in the communication system of the present embodiment is an interference source. This is particularly effective when the user concentrates in this different area and the amount of interference increases.
- the map information and population density information regarding the service area of the communication system according to the present embodiment is used, and the beam is transmitted in the direction in which interference is expected to occur in advance (such as a direction toward an urban area).
- the null By setting the null to be directed, it may be possible to shorten the time from when the initial beam is formed until when communication is possible by avoiding interference.
- the interference source detection unit 10 detects the regularity in the time direction related to the appearance and disappearance of the detected interference source area, or the regularity in the time direction related to the change in the interference amount (for example, periodicity in units of one day or one week).
- the follow-up characteristic with respect to the temporal variation of the interference source may be improved by predicting and controlling null formation of the antenna pattern based on the regularity.
- the interference source detection unit 10 can perform real-time interference avoidance corresponding to irregular interference wave generation by using both of the currently obtained interference source area and the detected regularity information. Further, the performance may be mentioned.
- the multiple access method of the terrestrial cellular system sharing the frequency with the communication system of the present embodiment is CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), and the multiple access method of the multi-beam satellite system is other than CDMA (TDMA (Time Division). (Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), etc. have the following merits (A) to (C). .
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an interference signal when the terrestrial cellular system is the CDMA system.
- spectrums 100 and 101 indicate CDMA signal spectra from terrestrial wireless cellular systems in adjacent areas, and spectra 102, 103, 104, and 105 are communication systems according to the present embodiment that use the f4 frequency band.
- the spectrum 106 shows the spectrum of the interference signal.
- the spectrums 100 and 101 are attenuated by X [dB] by the side lobe characteristic of the antenna pattern, and interfere with the user signal in the communication system of the embodiment using the frequency band of f4. Since the spectrum 106 of the signal is also flat, the influence on the spectrums 102, 103, 104, and 105 is the same, and in all cases, the S / I is the same. This effect facilitates the design of the multi-beam satellite system.
- the multiple access method of the present multi-beam satellite system may be a CDMA method, and the multiple access method of a terrestrial cellular system sharing a frequency may be other than CDMA (TDMA, FDMA, OFDM).
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- FDMA FDMA
- OFDM OFDM
- each signal transmitted from the communication device mounted on the satellite becomes an interference wave that is frequency-spread.
- the S / I does not change depending on the frequency of each signal of the terrestrial radio cellular system, and the S / I of the terrestrial radio cellular system is the user in the communication system of the present embodiment. It is proportional to the number. This effect facilitates terrestrial wireless cellular system design.
- the interference source detection unit 10 calculates the average power based on the signal demultiplexed in units of the minimum frequency obtained from the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M, and the received signal spectrum is calculated as Pout.
- Pin (n, m) is obtained based on a predetermined relationship between Pout (n, m) and Pin (n, m).
- the interference source detection unit 10 detects an adjacent area where a strong interference wave is generated based on the obtained Pin (n, m), and the reception DBF control unit 7 forms a null for the detected adjacent area.
- the weight was calculated so that For this reason, even when innumerable interference waves exist, the influence of interference from the terrestrial radio cellular system can be reduced without increasing the circuit scale from the conventional reception FB.
- the hybrid mobile communication system that shares the frequency between the communication system of the present embodiment and the terrestrial wireless cellular system has been described as an example.
- the wireless system is not limited to the cellular system.
- the frequency sharing system is not a terrestrial wireless cellular system, but may be another multi-beam satellite system or a wireless LAN system.
- the present invention is widely applicable not only to a case where the communication device is mounted on a satellite but also to a wireless communication system that performs communication by directing beams to a plurality of areas.
- a wireless communication system that performs communication by directing beams to a plurality of areas.
- indoor radio base stations access points
- the communication device of this embodiment can be used as an outdoor wireless base station that communicates with a plurality of mobile devices.
- Embodiment 2 a second embodiment of the communication apparatus according to the present invention will be described.
- the configuration of the communication apparatus and the configuration of the communication system of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Only the parts different from the first embodiment will be described below.
- the interference source area and the amount of interference are detected by simple comparison processing and subtraction processing without using the simultaneous equations described in the first embodiment.
- whether simultaneous equations can be solved to obtain Pin (n, m) from Pout (n, m), or processing for solving such simultaneous equations is performed on the scale of the arithmetic circuit. It may be difficult to do this. Therefore, in this embodiment, instead of calculating Pin (n, m) and specifying the interference source area, the interference source area is compared by subtracting and comparing Pout (n, m) with a predetermined threshold value. And the amount of interference.
- the interference source detection unit 10 extracts Pout (n, m) of the adjacent area for the frequency band f4 that is the frequency band used by the area 64, and compares the sizes thereof.
- the interference source detection unit 10 can determine that the area 63 is the interference source area with respect to the beam directed to the area 64. Receiving this determination result, the reception DBF control unit 7 performs null formation of the area 63 for the beam directed to the area 64.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the received signal spectrum of f4 when the reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed with respect to the area 63.
- the spectrum 84 is the received signal spectrum Pout (4, 4) in the frequency band f4 in this case.
- the value of Pout (4, 4) decreases due to the reduction in the amount of interference from the area 63, and as a result, the desired wave level S / interference wave level I ratio of the beam toward the area 64 increases. .
- Pout (1, 4), Pout (2, 4), Pout (3, 4), Pout (5, 5) obtained from the beam directed to the surrounding area.
- Pout (6, 4), Pout (7, 4) has a value higher than the predetermined threshold value PTH, the area corresponding to the high value can be determined as the interference source area.
- the interference source detection unit 10 outputs the interference source area determined in this way and the amount of interference to the reception DBF control unit 7.
- the interference source detection unit 10 receives the signal in the frequency band f4 of the beam directed to the area 64 from the area 61 to the medium level (Pout (1,4) -PTH) and from the area 63 to the large level (Pout ( 3, 4) It is determined that the interference of -PTH) is added.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 outputs each weight value for realizing null formation of the antenna to the area 61 and the area 63 for the beam directed to the area 64, thereby receiving the reception spectrum Pout (4, 4).
- the interference wave decreases.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a received signal spectrum in the frequency band of f4 when the reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed in the areas 63 and 61.
- the spectrum 85 is the received signal spectrum Pout (4, 4) in the frequency band f4 in this case.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception signal spectrum when a reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed with respect to the areas 63 and 61.
- the spectrum 81a in FIG. 15 shows the received signal in the frequency band f4 when the reception beam is directed to the area 64 and a null is formed in the areas 63 and 61 when there is a transmission signal as shown on the left side from each area. Spectrum. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a high S / I can be realized by removing the interference wave.
- the interference source detection unit 10 It may be determined that the amount of interference from the source area affecting the desired signal is small, and feedback processing may be performed to mitigate or cancel null formation.
- the interference source detection unit 10 obtains a magnitude relationship in Pout (j, 4) exceeding the threshold value PTH, and performs interference avoidance for the area in which the numerical value is in order in order. May be.
- the interference source detection unit 10 uses all Pout (n, m), and all the frequency bands and all the received beams used in the communication system, and the interference source area and its interference The amount is detected, and the result is output to the reception DBF control unit 7. Then, the reception DBF control unit 7 calculates a weight so as to form a null in the interference source area.
- the operations of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the Pout (n, m) used for detecting the interference source area is set next to the adjacent area.
- the interference avoiding process can be similarly realized by collecting and expanding to the adjacent area and detecting them by comparison with the threshold value PTH.
- the adjacent area is determined as the interference source area. Therefore, compared with the first embodiment, the calculation amount, circuit scale, and power consumption can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the third embodiment of the communication device according to the present invention.
- the communication apparatus according to the present embodiment adds an automatic gain control (AGC) 90 to the communication apparatus according to the first embodiment, and receives D / C 3-1 to 3-N, reception.
- AGC automatic gain control
- the configuration of the communication system of the present embodiment is the same as that of the communication system of the first embodiment except that the communication apparatus of the first embodiment is replaced with the communication apparatus of the present embodiment.
- Components having the same functions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- AGC function to reduce the influence on communication and interference avoidance operation even when a very strong interference wave is input.
- the function (1) will be described.
- the received signal is The input level range (A / D normal operation range) of A / D5-1 to 5-N may be exceeded.
- the subsequent signal processing of the reception DBF network 6 formation of a reception beam signal and null formation for the interference source area
- the reception DBF network 6a calculates the power (reception power) of the digital data sampled by each of the A / Ds 5-1 to 5-N, and the AGC 90 The average value of the received power calculated for each of D5-1 to 5-N is obtained.
- AGC 90 determines that the received signal is within the input level range of A / D when all of the calculated average values of the received powers are equal to or less than predetermined threshold value THa, and D / C 3a-1
- the gain value of .about.3a-N is set to the maximum value (for example, 0 dB).
- the AGC 90 determines that the received signal has exceeded the input level range of A / D, and D / C 3a-1 to Control is performed to reduce the gain value of 3a-N (for example, change from 0 dB to -6 dB).
- the AGC 90 increases the gain values of D / C 3a-1 to 3a-N to the maximum value (for example, (Change from -6 dB to 0 dB).
- the reception DBF network 6a outputs the reception beams after combining the signals for the reception array antenna elements 1-1 to 1-N to the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N.
- the received signal is output without reducing the number of bits of the amplitude of the received signal (without deleting the lower-order bits).
- the receiving FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N perform an operation so as to maintain the bit accuracy of this amplitude, and improve the bit accuracy. In the conventional general processing, the number of bits is reduced when outputting the combined signal.
- a transmission signal from the satellite to each area of the communication system according to the present embodiment affects the user of the terrestrial wireless cellular system.
- there are many terrestrial wireless cellular system users in the area determined as the interference source area there are many users affected when interference occurs in this area. It is desirable not to interfere with the area.
- the transmission DBF control unit 11a uses the interference source area and the amount of interference received from the interference source detection unit 10 to improve the directivity of each transmission beam toward the vicinity of the interference source area, and to influence the interference source area. Control to reduce the lobe level as much as possible (control to reduce the directivity of the antenna pattern).
- the operations of the present embodiment other than those described above are the same as in the first embodiment, and the D / Cs 3a-1 to 3a-N, the reception DBF network 6a, the reception DBF control unit 7a, and the transmission DBF control unit 11a In addition to the operations of the additional functions of (1) and (2), the same as D / C 3-1 to 3-N, reception DBF network 6, reception DBF control unit 7, and transmission DBF control unit 11 of the first embodiment, respectively. It has a function and performs the same operation.
- the functions (1) and (2) are added to the communication apparatus of the first embodiment.
- the functions (1) and (2) are added to the communication apparatus of the second embodiment. You may make it add.
- both the functions (1) and (2) are added.
- the communication device according to the first or second embodiment is added to the above (1) or (2). These functions may be added independently.
- AGC 90 determines whether or not the received power exceeds threshold value THa, and controls the gains of D / C 3a-1 to 3a-N based on the determination result. I made it. For this reason, even when a very strong interference wave level is input, the received signal does not constantly exceed the input level range of A / D5-1 to 5-N, and digital reception beam forming and interference operation are impossible. Can be solved.
- the transmission DBF control unit 11a increases the directivity of each transmission beam toward the vicinity of the obtained interference source area so as to reduce the side lobe level that affects the interference source area as much as possible. For this reason, the interference which the transmission signal from the communication apparatus of this Embodiment gives with respect to the area where the user of many terrestrial radio
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the communication apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication apparatus of the present embodiment replaces the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M of the communication apparatus of the third embodiment with the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N, and changes the arrangement of the reception DBF network 6a.
- the previous stage of the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M and the reception FB control unit 9 has been changed to the subsequent stage of the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N and the reception FB control unit 9, other than that, It is the same.
- the configuration of the communication system of the present embodiment is the same as that of the communication system of the third embodiment, except that the communication apparatus of the third embodiment is replaced with the communication apparatus of the present embodiment.
- Components having the same functions as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N demultiplex an input signal in the same manner as reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M of Embodiment 3, but in this embodiment, reception FBs 8a-1 8a-N are arranged for the receiving array antenna elements 1-1 to 1-N, respectively, and perform frequency demultiplexing on the digital signals input from the A / Ds 5-1 to 5-N, respectively. Then, the reception DBF network 6a forms a reception beam signal for each signal obtained by frequency demultiplexing by the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N. Then, the reception DBF network 6a outputs the reception beam signal to the interference source detection unit 10, and the interference source detection unit 10 detects the interference source area and the interference amount based on the reception beam signal. With such a configuration, it is possible to realize arrival direction estimation and directivity control of the main wave using a known signal assigned to a narrow band at high speed.
- this directivity control for example, there is a method of performing feedback processing using a known signal (pilot signal) emitted from a ground station.
- the frequency band allocated to the known signal (pilot signal) is generally small (for example, 1 / thousandth) for the entire system band from the viewpoint of effective use of the frequency, and the rest is allocated to the signal band for communication. . Therefore, when the directivity control using this pilot signal is realized with the configuration of Embodiments 1 to 3, the signal input to reception DBF control unit 7 or reception DBF control unit 7a is A / D5-1 to Since the communication signal before demultiplexing output from 5-N and the pilot signal are combined, only the pilot signal cannot be used.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 or the reception DBF control unit 7a performs feedback processing using a pilot signal after beam formation. Each weight value is updated, and the operation gradually implements directivity control.
- the reception DBF control unit 7a demultiplexes the signal for each array antenna element output from the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N. It is possible to perform feedback control by extracting a pilot signal from the signal and calculating a weight value that realizes a desired antenna directivity using the pilot signal. Therefore, the reception DBF control unit 7a can directly set each weight value in the reception DBF network 6a, and therefore operates at higher speed than when directivity control is performed in the configurations of the first to third embodiments. Can do. Other operations of the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- the example of changing the configuration of the third embodiment has been described.
- the communication apparatus of the first or second embodiment is changed from the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M to the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N.
- the arrangement of the reception DBF network 6 is changed from the previous stage of the reception FBs 8-1 to 8-M and the reception FB control unit 9 to the subsequent stage of the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N and the reception FB control unit 9. You may make it implement
- the configuration shown in FIG. 17 is used in order to perform high-speed processing. However, if there is a sufficient processing time, the reception DBF network 6 can be changed from the configuration in the first to third embodiments.
- the reception DBF control unit 7 or the reception DBF control unit 7a updates each weight value and implements directivity control by performing feedback processing using the pilot signal after beam formation without changing the arrangement of It may be.
- the reception FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N and the reception FB control unit 9 are arranged in the preceding stage of the reception DBF network 6, and the reception FB control unit 9 demultiplexes the signal before beam formation.
- the pilot signals are extracted from the outputs of the received FBs 8a-1 to 8a-N, and the directivity control is performed by setting the weight value based on the extracted pilot signals. Therefore, processing can be performed at a higher speed than when directivity control is performed using pilot signals in the configurations of the first to third embodiments.
- the communication device and the communication system according to the present invention are useful for a multi-beam communication system that covers a communication area with a plurality of beams, and are particularly shared by a terrestrial radio system and a satellite mobile system. Suitable for hybrid mobile communication systems.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明にかかる通信装置の実施の形態1の機能構成例を示す図である。本実施の形態の通信装置は、静止衛星や周回衛星等の衛星に搭載されていることとする。図1に示すように、本実施の形態の通信装置は、受信アレーアンテナ素子1-1~1-N(Nは自然数)で構成される受信アレーアンテナと、受信アレーアンテナ素子1-1~1-Nにそれぞれ接続されるLNA2-1~2-Nと、ダウンコンバータ(D/C)3-1~3-Nと、受信アナログフィルタであるFilter4-1~4-Nと、AD変換器(A/D)5-1~5-Nと、受信DBFネットワーク6と、受信DBF制御部7と、受信FB8-1~8-M(Mは自然数)と、受信FB制御部9と、干渉源検出部10と、を備えている。また、本実施の形態の通信装置は、さらに、送信DBF制御部11と、送信FB制御部12と、送信FB13-1~13-Mと、送信DBFネットワーク14と、DA変換器(D/A)15-1~15-Nと、送信アナログフィルタであるFilter16-1~16-Nと、アップコンバータ(U/C)17-1~17-Nと、パワーアンプ(PA)18-1~18-Nと、送信アレーアンテナ素子19-1~19-Nと、を備えている。
Pout(4,4)
=Pin(4,4)+w×Pin(1,4)+Pin(2,4)+Pin(3,4)+Pin(5,4)+Pin(6,4)+Pin(7,4)) …(1)
Pout(3,4)
=Pin(3,4)+w×(Pin(1,4)+Pin(4,4)+Pin(6,4)
+Pin(8,4)+Pin(9,4)+Pin(10,4)) …(2)
Pout(3,4) > Pout(4,4) …(3)
Pout(5,4)
=Pin(5,4)+w×(Pin(2,4)+Pin(4,4)
+Pin(7,4)+Pin(11,4)) …(4)
Pout(4,4) > Pout(5,4) …(5)
Pout(3,4) > Pout(4,4) > Pout(5,4) …(6)
つづいて、本発明にかかる通信装置の実施の形態2について説明する。本実施の形態の通信装置の構成および通信システムの構成は実施の形態1と同様である。以下、実施の形態1と異なる部分についてのみ説明する。
図16は、本発明にかかる通信装置の実施の形態3の機能構成例を示す図である。図16に示すように本実施の形態の通信装置は、実施の形態1の通信装置に自動利得制御部(AGC:Automatic Gain Control)90を追加し、D/C3-1~3-N,受信DBFネットワーク6,受信DBF制御部7,送信DBF制御部11をそれぞれD/C3a-1~3a-N,受信DBFネットワーク6a,受信DBF制御部7a,送信DBF制御部11aに替える以外は実施の形態1の通信装置と同様である。本実施の形態の通信システムの構成は、実施の形態1の通信装置を本実施の形態の通信装置に替える以外は、実施の形態1の通信システムと同様である。実施の形態1と同様の機能を有する構成要素は、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
(1)非常に強いレベルの干渉波が入力された場合でも、通信や干渉回避動作への影響を軽減するためのAGC機能
(2)衛星が、地上系無線セルラのユーザーに対して与える干渉を軽減する機能
図17は、本発明にかかる通信装置の実施の形態4の機能構成例を示す図である。図17に示すように本実施の形態の通信装置は、実施の形態3の通信装置の受信FB8-1~8-Mを受信FB8a-1~8a-Nに替え、受信DBFネットワーク6aの配置を受信FB8-1~8-Mおよび受信FB制御部9の前段から、受信FB8a-1~8a-Nおよび受信FB制御部9の後段に変更しているが、それ以外は、実施の形態3と同様である。本実施の形態の通信システムの構成は、実施の形態3の通信装置を本実施の形態の通信装置に替える以外は、実施の形態3の通信システムと同様である。実施の形態3と同様の機能を有する構成要素は、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
2-1~2-N LNA
3-1~3-N D/C
4-1~4-N,16-1~16-N Filter
5-1~5-N A/D
6,6a 受信DBFネットワーク
7,7a 受信DBF制御部
8-1~8-M,8a-1~8a-N 受信FB
9 受信FB制御部
10 干渉源検出部
11,11a 送信DBF制御部
12 送信FB制御部
13-1~13-M 送信FB
14 送信DBFネットワーク
15-1~15-N D/A
17-1~17-N U/C
18-1~18-N PA
19-1~19-N 送信アレーアンテナ素子
21-1~21-7 2分割フィルタバンク
22 選択部
31 高周波数側デシメータ
32 低周波数側デシメータ
41~49 平均電力
61~71 エリア
80 パターン
81~85,81a,100~106 スペクトラム
Claims (14)
- N(Nは自然数)個のアレーアンテナ素子で構成される受信アレーアンテナと、ディジタルビーム形成処理により前記アレーアンテナ素子ごとの受信信号を用いてビームエリアの異なるM(Mは自然数)個の受信ビームを形成する受信ビーム信号を生成する受信ビーム形成手段と、前記受信ビーム信号を周波数分波した周波数分波受信ビーム信号を生成する受信フィルタバンクと、を備える通信装置であって、
受信ビームごとに、あらかじめ定めた初期の受信ビーム特性に基づいて推定したその受信ビームに干渉を与えるビームエリアである干渉候補ビームエリアを保持し、前記周波数分波受信ビーム信号に基づいて受信ビームごとに受信スペクトラムを求め、受信ビームごとの受信スペクトラムと前記干渉候補ビームエリアを指向する受信ビームの受信スペクトラムとに基づいて、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに干渉源となるビームエリアである干渉源エリアを求める干渉源検出手段、
を備え、
前記受信ビーム形成手段は、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに前記干渉源エリアの方向にヌル形成を行うよう前記受信ビーム信号を生成することを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記受信ビーム形成手段は、前記受信信号に含まれるパイロット信号を抽出し、抽出したパイロット信号に基づいて受信ビームを形成することにより指向性制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信装置。
- N(Nは自然数)個のアレーアンテナ素子で構成される受信アレーアンテナと、前記アレーアンテナ素子ごとの受信信号を周波数分波した周波数分波信号を生成する受信フィルタバンクと、ディジタルビーム形成処理により前記周波数分波信号を用いてビームエリアの異なるM(Mは自然数)個の受信ビームを形成する周波数分波受信ビーム信号を生成する受信ビーム形成手段と、を備える通信装置であって、
受信ビームごとに、あらかじめ定めた初期の受信ビーム特性に基づいて推定したその受信ビームに干渉を与えるビームエリアである干渉候補ビームエリアを保持し、前記周波数分波受信ビーム信号に基づいて受信ビームごとに受信スペクトラムを求め、受信ビームごとの受信スペクトラムと前記干渉候補ビームエリアを指向する受信ビームの受信スペクトラムとに基づいて、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに干渉源となるビームエリアである干渉源エリアを求める干渉源検出手段、
を備え、
前記受信ビーム形成手段は、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに前記干渉源エリアの方向にヌル形成を行うよう前記受信ビーム信号を生成することを特徴とする通信装置。 - 前記受信ビーム形成手段は、前記周波数分波信号に含まれるパイロット信号を抽出し、抽出したパイロット信号に基づいて受信ビームを形成することにより指向性制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の通信装置。
- 前記干渉源検出手段は、
受信ビームがカバーするエリアである対象ビームエリアから送信される信号をエリア内送信信号とし、
前記初期の受信ビーム特性に基づいて、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに、その受信ビームに対応するエリア内送信信号と、前記干渉候補ビームエリアを指向する受信ビームのエリア内送信信号と、その受信ビームの受信信号のスペクトラムの推定値と、の関係式を定めておき、前記組み合わせの異なる関係式を連立方程式とし、
また、前記推定値に前記組み合わせの一致する受信スペクトラムを代入し、代入後の連立方程式に基づいてエリア内送信信号を求め、
さらに、受信ビームごとに、その受信ビーム信号に干渉を与えるとあらかじめ推定されるビームエリアのエリア内送信信号に基づいて、前記組み合わせごとに干渉源エリアを求めることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載の通信装置。 - 前記干渉源検出手段は、前記干渉候補ビームエリアを指向する受信ビームの受信スペクトラムが所定のしきい値以上となる場合に、その干渉候補ビームエリアを干渉源エリアとすることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載の通信装置。
- 前記受信アレーアンテナが受信した信号をアナログディジタル変換しディジタル信号を出力するA/D変換手段と、
前記ディジタル信号に基づいて前記A/D変換手段に入力する信号のレベルを調整するAGC手段と、
をさらに備え、
前記受信信号を前記ディジタル信号とすることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載の通信装置。 - 送信アレーアンテナ素子で構成される送信アレーアンテナと、
ディジタルビーム形成処理により前記送信アレーアンテナ素子ごとの送信信号を用いてビームエリアの異なるM(Mは自然数)個の送信ビームを形成する送信ビーム信号を生成する送信ビーム形成手段と、
をさらに備え、
前記送信ビーム形成手段は、前記干渉源エリアに対する漏れの発生を低減するよう送信ビーム信号を生成することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1つに記載の通信装置。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1つに記載の通信装置を搭載する人工衛星と、
前記通信装置と無線通信を行うユーザー端末と、
前記人工衛星の位置および姿勢に基づいて受信ビームの放射方角を含むビーム情報を前記人工衛星に送信する地上局と、
を備え、
前記人工衛星は、前記ビーム情報に基づいて受信ビームを形成することを特徴とする通信システム。 - N(Nは自然数)個のアレーアンテナ素子で構成される受信アレーアンテナと、ディジタルビーム形成処理により前記アレーアンテナ素子ごとの受信信号を用いてビームエリアの異なるM(Mは自然数)個の受信ビームを形成する受信ビーム信号を生成する受信ビーム形成手段と、前記受信ビーム信号を周波数分波した周波数分波受信ビーム信号を生成する受信フィルタバンクと、を備える通信装置を搭載する人工衛星と、前記通信装置と無線通信を行うユーザー端末と、前記人工衛星の位置および姿勢に基づいて受信ビームの放射方角を含むビーム情報を前記人工衛星に送信する地上局と、を備える通信システムであって、
前記人工衛星の通信装置が、前記周波数分波受信ビーム信号を前記地上局に送信し、
前記地上局が、受信ビームごとに、あらかじめ定めた初期の受信ビーム特性に基づいて推定したその受信ビームに干渉を与えるビームエリアである干渉候補ビームエリアを保持し、前記周波数分波受信ビーム信号に基づいて受信ビームごとに受信スペクトラムを求め、受信ビームごとの受信スペクトラムと前記干渉候補ビームエリアを指向する受信ビームの受信スペクトラムとに基づいて、受信ビームと周波数との組み合わせごとに干渉源となるビームエリアである干渉源エリアを求め、さらに、前記組み合わせごとに前記干渉源エリアの方向にヌル形成を行うためのウエイト値を計算し、前記ウエイト値を前記通信装置を搭載する人工衛星に送信し、
前記人工衛星の通信装置が、前記ウエイト値に基づいて受信ビームを形成することを特徴とする通信システム。 - CDMA方式を採用し、CDMA方式以外の多重アクセス方式を採用する無線システムと周波数を共用することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の通信システム。
- CDMA方式以外の多重アクセス方式を採用し、CDMA方式を採用する無線システムと周波数を共用することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の通信システム。
- 前記共用する周波数帯を複数の分割周波数帯に分割し、前記人工衛星の通信装置がカバーするビームエリアに、隣接するビームエリアで異なる分割周波数帯を用いるよう分割周波数帯を割り当て、
前記無線システムは、前記ビームエリア内では、そのビームエリアに割り当てられている分割周波数帯と異なる周波数を用いることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の通信システム。 - 前記異なる分割周波数帯を割り当てたビームエリアを1グループとし、隣接するビームエリアの割り当て分割周波数帯が異なるようグループを繰り返し配置することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の通信システム。
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JP7238209B2 (ja) | 2019-09-24 | 2023-03-13 | 中興通訊股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 信号干渉の位置を認識する方法、装置、電子機器及び記憶媒体 |
JP2022549458A (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2022-11-25 | 中興通訊股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 信号干渉の位置を認識する方法、装置、電子機器及び記憶媒体 |
WO2023127381A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | 株式会社Nttドコモ | 通信装置、基地局、通信システム、及び通信方法 |
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CA2742355A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
EP2352326A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
JPWO2010050269A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2352326B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
US20110206155A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
EP2352326A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
US8542785B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 |
JP4954332B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
CA2742355C (en) | 2014-12-09 |
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