WO2010045781A1 - 一种高合金冷作模具钢 - Google Patents

一种高合金冷作模具钢 Download PDF

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WO2010045781A1
WO2010045781A1 PCT/CN2009/001047 CN2009001047W WO2010045781A1 WO 2010045781 A1 WO2010045781 A1 WO 2010045781A1 CN 2009001047 W CN2009001047 W CN 2009001047W WO 2010045781 A1 WO2010045781 A1 WO 2010045781A1
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die steel
cold work
steel
work die
high alloy
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PCT/CN2009/001047
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡开华
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宁波禾顺新材料有限公司
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Priority to EP09821502.3A priority Critical patent/EP2343391B1/en
Priority to JP2010543363A priority patent/JP5226083B2/ja
Priority to US12/866,239 priority patent/US8632641B2/en
Publication of WO2010045781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010045781A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon

Definitions

  • the mold steel of the invention is a high carbon high chromium cold work die steel, belonging to the category of high alloy cold work die steel. Background technique
  • High alloy cold work die steel is the material of choice for high precision and high life cold work die.
  • the main steel grades are Cd2, Crl2MoV and Crl2MolVl.
  • Crl2 is the earliest high-carbon high-chromium cold work die steel, which contains extremely high carbon and chromium, reaching 02.0 ⁇ 2.3% and Crl l.0 ⁇ 13.0wt% respectively.
  • Lai's Body steel which has high hardenability, hardenability and wear resistance, is a significant advantage, but, because it is a Leysite steel, there is a large amount of primary carbides in the structure, even after repeated enthalpy The deformation of the carbide is still large, the distribution is still difficult to be evenly hooked, and the heat treatment method can not effectively improve it.
  • the poor structure is the main defect.
  • the mechanical properties are high hardness and insufficient toughness. Cold work molds with low toughness requirements.
  • Crl2MoV is developed from Crl2 and still belongs to the Leysite steel, but has significant improvements in composition design, reduced C content, increased alloying elements 0.5wt% Mo and 0.3wt% V, further improved hardenability, heat treatment
  • the deformation is smaller, the number of primary carbides in the metallographic structure is significantly reduced, the heat processing deformation ability is improved, the distribution of primary carbides is greatly improved, and the shape is changed from a large horn to a rounded block, compared with Crl2.
  • the defects of the tissue are eliminated, and the mechanical properties are maintained while maintaining high hardness, and the toughness is greatly improved, and the cold working mold with complicated shape and high precision can be manufactured.
  • the carbon content of Crl2MolVl is slightly lower than that of Crl2MoV, while the content of Mo and V is increased to about 1.0wt%.
  • the primary carbureation of primary carbide after deformation processing and heat treatment, the quantity, distribution and morphology of carbides are strong toughness of materials. The effect is minimized, and the hardenability and wear resistance are further improved than that of Crl2MoV. It is the best tool steel in the high carbon and high chromium cold work die steel.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention for achieving the above object is: the high alloy cold work die steel, characterized in that the chemical composition is C1.0 ⁇ 2.5, Si ⁇ l.3 in weight percentage (wt%). Mn ⁇ l.5, Cr6.0 ⁇ 15.0, V2.5, BO.01-0.4, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the content of weight percentage (wt%) of Si, Mn and V is preferably: Si 0.01-1.3, Mn 0.01-1.5, V 0.05-2.5 0
  • the preferred composition of the high alloy cold work die steel of the present invention is: C1.2 ⁇ 2.3, SiO.1-1.0, ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, Cr7.0 ⁇ in weight percent (wt%) 13.89, V0.05 ⁇ 2.05, B0.02 ⁇ 0.30, the rest are Fe and inevitable impurities. Further preferred compositions are: Cl.25 ⁇ l.74, Si0.25 ⁇ 0.6, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 19 ⁇ 0. 33, Crl l.0 ⁇ 13.0, V0. 40 ⁇ l.03, B0.08 ⁇ 0.15, the rest are Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the effect of B is as follows: It is generally considered that the solubility of B in carbon steel is very low, such as solubility in austenite is less than 0.02% by weight, and solubility in ferrite is less than 0.002% by weight, but studies of the present invention show that if Adding alloying elements to carbon steel, especially Cr, and increasing the content of 6.0% or more can significantly improve the solubility of B in high-temperature austenite. The present invention makes full use of this characteristic in high chromium. B is added to the steel in excess of the conventional content, and the highest content is 0.4 wt% to obtain the maximum solid solubility of B in austenite.
  • B in the mold steel of the present invention exists in two forms, one in solid solution in austenite or matrix, and the other in compound form in primary compound (eutectic compound) and secondary compound. (precipitated compound).
  • the solid solution B preferentially guides the precipitation of the secondary compound, increases the amount of secondary precipitates, improves the Me(C, B) morphology, and improves the material uniformity;
  • the primary compound of B increases the hardness of the material and enhances the wear resistance, but is unfavorable to the toughness of the material and is not favorable for thermal deformation. In combination with the effects of the above two aspects, there is a suitable interval for the content of B in the present invention.
  • the metallographic structure of the high alloy cold work die steel of the present invention is composed of a primary compound Me (C, B), a secondary compound Me (C, B) resort and a martensite matrix, wherein the primary compound Me ⁇ B is rounded.
  • the shape of the secondary compound is fine and punctate, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the remarkable feature is that the number of secondary compounds Me (C, B) ⁇ is significantly higher. Smaller and more evenly distributed.
  • the high alloy cold work die steel of the present invention is subjected to conventional oil quenching and low temperature tempering, and when the hardness reaches 61. 5HRC, the impact toughness 3 ⁇ 4 reaches 33J, exceeds Crl2MoV, and reaches the performance level of Crl2MolVl.
  • the quenching and low temperature tempering heat treatment process can achieve a impact toughness of 60 J when the hardness reaches 60 HRC, as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
  • the smelting method of the high alloy cold work die steel of the invention can be divided into the following types:
  • the invention has the following remarkable effects: the hardness and toughness of the mold steel of the invention reaches or exceeds Ci'12MoV, Crl2MolVl, and the material does not contain the expensive metal Mo, the cost is lower than Crl2MoV, Crl2MolVl, and the use Longer life.
  • Figure 1 shows the metallographic structure of the high alloy cold work die steel of the present invention.
  • the chemical composition of the die steel of the 26 embodiments of the present invention is shown in Table 2 (the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, not shown in the table), the manufacturing process of the die steel is: electric arc furnace melting, electroslag remelting, forging one Annealed, oil-quenched at 1020 Torr and tempered at 180 °C.
  • the hardness and impact toughness of the above-mentioned 26 examples of the die steel after quenching and tempering are shown in Table 2.
  • the impact toughness of the mold steel of the present invention can be effectively improved by vacuum quenching.
  • the A3 steel plate having a thickness of 4 mm is punched, and the service life is higher than that of the same mold manufactured by Crl2MoV and Crl2MolVl, and the service life is shown in Table 4.

Description

一种高合金冷作模具钢 技术领域
本发明的模具钢是一种高碳高铬系冷作模具钢, 属于高合金冷作模具钢范畴。 背景技术
高合金冷作模具钢是高精度高寿命冷作模具的首选材料, 主要钢种为 Cd2、 Crl2MoV和 Crl2MolVl。 Crl2是最早的高碳高铬系冷作模具钢,它含有极高的碳和铬, 分别达到 02.0~2.3 %和 Crl l.0〜13.0wt%, 从金相组织上判断, 它属于莱氏体钢, 有很 高的淬透性、 淬硬性和耐磨性, 这是其显著的优点, 但是, 正由于它是莱氏体钢, 组织 中存在大量的一次碳化物, 即使经过反复的镦拔变形, 其碳化物块度仍然较大, 分布仍 难以均勾, 而且热处理方法不能有效改善之, 组织不良是其主要的缺陷, 表现在力学性 能上就是硬度高而韧性不足, 只能制造一些韧性要求不高的冷作模具。 Crl2MoV 是由 Crl2发展而来, 仍属于莱氏体钢, 但在成分设计上有重大改进, 降低了 C含量, 增加 了合金元素 0.5wt%Mo和 0.3wt%V, 淬透性进一步提高, 热处理变形更小, 金相组织中 一次碳化物数量明显减少, 热加工变形能力提高, 一次碳化物的分布均勾性大为改善, 形态由大块角状向圆润块状转变, 同 Crl2相比, 基本消除了组织不良缺陷, 表现在力 学性能上就是在保持高硬度的同时, 韧性大为提高, 可以制造形状复杂、 高精度要求的 冷作模具。 Crl2MolVl较 Crl2MoV的碳含量又有微幅下降, 而 Mo、 V的含量均提高 至 1.0wt%左右, 变形加工及热处理后的一次碳化物基本球化, 碳化物数量、 分布和形 态对材料强韧性的影响减少到最小, 淬透性和耐磨性较 Crl2MoV进一步提高, 它是目 前高碳高铬系冷作模具钢中性能最优的模具钢。
上述的 Crl2、 Crl2MoV和 Crl2MolVl的化学成分及性能见表 1.
表 1 Crl2、 Crl2MoV和 Crl2MolVl的化学成分及性會 I
钢种 化 学 成 分 (Wt%) 性 能
C Si Mn Cr Mo V 硬度 冲击韧度
HRC J/cm2 cm 2.0-2.3 0.40 0.40 11.5-13.0 ^60 12
Crl2MoV 1.45-1.70 0.40 0.40 11.0-12.5 0.4-0.6 0.15-0.3 ^58 20
Crl2MolVl 1.40-1.60 0.60 0.60 11.0-13.0 0.70-1.20 1. 10 ^58 30 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种硬韧性达到甚至超过 Crl2MoV及 Crl2MolVl, 且材料 不含 Mo、 成本比 Crl2MoV及 Crl2MolVl低的高合金冷作模具钢。
本发明为达到上述发明目的所采用的技术方案为: 该高合金冷作模具钢, 其特征在 于以重量百分比 (wt%) 计其化学成份为: C1.0~2.5, Si^ l .3 , Mn^ l.5, Cr6.0~15.0, V 2.5, BO.01-0.4, 其余为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。其中的 Si、 Mn、 V的重量百分(wt%) 含量优选为: Si 0.01-1.3 , Mn 0.01-1.5, V 0.05-2.50
本发明高合金冷作模具钢的优选组成为: 以重量百分比 (wt% ) 计其化学成份为: C1.2〜2.3, SiO.1-1.0 , Μη0.1〜1 ·2, Cr7.0~13.89 , V0.05~2.05 , B0.02~0.30 , 其余为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。 进一步的优选组成为: 以重量百分比 (wt%) 计其化学成份为: Cl .25~l .74, Si0.25~0.6, Μη0· 19〜0. 33, Crl l .0~13.0, V0.40~l.03 , B0.08~0.15, 其 余为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。
B 的作用如下: 通常认为 B 在碳钢中的溶解度很低, 如在奥氏体中的溶解度小于 0.02wt%, 在铁素体中的溶解度小于 0.002wt%, 但本发明的研究表明, 如果在碳钢中添 '加合金元素, 特别是添加 Cr, 且含量达到 6.0^%以上时, 可以显著地提高 B在高温奥 氏体中的溶解度, 本发明充分利用了这一特性, 在高铬钢中添加了超出常规含量的 B, 最高含量达到 0.4wt%, 以获得 B在奥氏体中的最大固溶度。
本发明的模具钢中的 B 以两种形式存在, 一部份以固溶方式存在于奥氏体或基体 中, 另一部份以化合物形态存在于一次化合物 (共晶化合物) 和二次化合物 (析出化合 物) 中。
固溶于奥氏体中的 B有如下的作用:
(1)提高基体淬透性;
(2) 细化马氏体亚结构, 提高材料韧性;
(3)在退火过程中, 固溶 B优先引导二次化合物析出, 增加二次析出物数量, 改善 Me(C,B)形态, 提高材料均匀性;
(4) B 固溶于奥氏体, 降低基体高温屈服强度, 提高材料的热变形能力, 减少轧制 或锻造裂纹, 提高出材率。
B的一次化合物提高材料硬度、增强耐磨性, 但对材料韧性不利, 且不利于热变形。 综合上述两方面的作用, 本发明中 B的含量存在一个合适区间。
本发明的高合金冷作模具钢的金相组织由一次化合物 Me (C,B) ,、 二次化合物 Me (C, B ) „及马氏体基体组成, 其中一次化合物 Me ^ B 呈圆润块状, 尺寸较大, 二次化 合物呈细小球状和点状, 见附图 1, 同 Crl2MoV的金相组织相比, 其显著特点是二次化 合物 Me (C,B) π的数量明显地多且更细小, 分布更均匀。
能谱定性分析表明, 本发明的高合金冷作模具钢的金相组织中的一次和二次化合物 是硼碳复合化合物 Me (C,B) ^t! Me (C, B) „, 见附图 2。
由于 B优先引导二次化合物析出, 且二次化合物量多、 细小圆整, 极大地改善了组 织均匀性, 同时 B的固溶又提高了基体淬透性, 细化了马氏体亚结构, 因此, 本发明的 高合金冷作模具钢经常规油淬加低温回火后,在硬度达到 61. 5HRC时,冲击韧度 ¾达到 了 33J, 超过了 Crl2MoV,达到了 Crl2MolVl的性能水平, 采用真空淬火加低温回火的热 处理工艺, 在硬度达到 60HRC时, 冲击韧度可达到 60J, 见表 2和表 3。
本发明的高合金冷作模具钢的冶炼方法可分为下面几种:
( 1 ) 电弧炉熔炼一锻造一退火;
( 2 ) 电弧炉熔炼一电渣重熔一锻造一退火
( 3 ) 电弧炉熔炼一LF炉精炼一电渣重熔一锻造一退火
(4) 电弧炉熔炼一 LF炉精炼一真空脱气一电渣重熔一锻造一退火
依上述(1)至 (4) 次序, 模具钢的冶金质量和性能提高。
将本发明中的 B元素及其含量应用于 Cr12MoV、 Crl2MolVl , 可以发挥相同的作 用, 将进一步提高淬透性和硬韧性。
与现有技术相比, 本发明有如下显著效果: 本发明模具钢的硬度和韧性达到甚至超 过 Ci'12MoV、 Crl2MolVl , 且材料不含价格昂贵的金属 Mo, 成本比 Crl2MoV、 Crl2MolVl低, 且使用寿命更长。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明高合金冷作模具钢的金相组织。
图 2 为本发明高合金冷作模具钢的金相组织的能谱分析图。 具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明 26个实施例模具钢的化学成分见表 2 (余量的铁和不可避免的杂质, 表中未 予标示), 模具钢的制造工艺为: 电弧炉熔炼一电渣重熔一锻造一退火, 经 1020Ό油淬 和 180°C回火。 上述 26个实施例的模具钢经淬回火后的硬度和冲击韧度见表 2。
B改性高合金冷作模具钢的化学成分、 硬度和冲击韧度
序 化 学 成 份 ( wt%) 性 能
C Si Mn Cr V B 硬 度 冲击轫度
HRC ak(J/cm2)
1 1.01 1.29 1.50 14.90 2.49 0.40 58.0 21.0
2 1.01 0.64 0.70 12.01 1.21 0.25 58.0 25.0
3 1.15 0.01 0.01 12.50 2.25 0.35 58.5 24.0
4 1.15 0.1 0.10 12.50 2.25 0.30 58.5 24.5
5 1.15 0.25 0.10 12.50 2.25 0.30 58.5 25.5 6 1.20 0.60 0.67 12.10 1.50 0.27 58.5 27.0
7 1.20 0.60 0.41 12.10 1.50 0.21 58.5 27.5
8 1.25 1.10 0.90 13.89 2.05 0.20 59.5 28.0
9 1.25 1.10 1.20 13.89 2.05 0.17 59.5 29.0
10 1.25 0.60 0.31 13.89 2.05 0.08 59.5 32.5
11 1.28 0.64 0.24 11.00 0.50 0.10 59.5 36.0
12 1.28 0.64 0.27 13.00 1.03 0.15 60.0 38.5
13 1.37 0.49 0.21 12.09 0.42 0.10 60.0 44.0
14 1.37 0.87 0.21 12.09 1.50 0.10 60.5 35.0
15 1.58 0.56 0.19 10.18 0.50 0.05 60.0 32.0
16 1.74 0.60 0.33 12.0 0.90 0.13 61.0 29.5
17 1.74 0.60 0.33 12.0 0.75 0.13 61.0 29.0
18 1.96 0.45 0.21 11.5 0.48 0.11 61.5 27.0
19 2.29 0.42 0.24 10.2 0.45 0.07 62.0 25.0
20 2.29 0.42 0.21 11.5 0.25 0.07 61.5 25.0
21 2.29 0.42 0.21 11.5 0.05 0.07 61.0 24.0
22 2.36 0.41 0.23 9.50 0.44 0.03 62.0 24.0
23 2.36 0.41 0.23 7.0 0.44 0.03 60.5 23.0
24 2.36 0.41 0.23 6.02 0.44 0.03 60.0 22.0
25 2.49 0.40 0.24 9.03 0.38 0.02 62.5 21.0
26 2.49 0.4 0.24 9.03 0.38 0.01 62.0 20.0 表 2中的部分模具钢经 1020Ό真空油淬和 180Ό回火后的硬度和冲击韧性见表 3。
1020Ό真空油淬和 18CTC真空回火后的硬度和冲击韧性 序 化 学 成 份 ( wt%) 性 能
号 C Si Mn Cr V B 硬度 冲击韧度
HRC ak(J/cm2)
10 1.25 0.60 0.31 13.89 2.05 0.08 59.5 52
11 1.28 0.64 0.24 11.00 0.50 0.10 59.5 54
13 1.37 0.49 0.21 12.09 0.42 0.10 60.0 60
17 1.74 0.60 0.33 12.0 0.75 0.13 61.0 48
可见, 采用真空淬火可以有效提高本发明的模具钢的冲击靭度。
用本发明的高合金冷作模具钢制造的凸凹冲模,冲裁厚度为 4mm的 A3钢板,使用 寿命高于用 Crl2MoV和 Crl2MolVl制造的相同模具, 使用寿命对比见表 4。
表 4 使用寿命对比
Figure imgf000006_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种高合金冷作模具钢, 其特征在于以重量百分比 (wt%) 计其化学成份为: C1.0-2.5, Si^ l.3 , Mn^ l.5, Cr6.0~15.0, V 2.5, B0.01〜0.4, 其余为 Fe和不可避免 的杂质。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的高合金冷作模具钢, 其特征在于其中的 Si、 Mn、 V的重量 百分 (wt%) 含量为: Si 0.01~1.3, Mn 0.01-1.5, V 0.05~2.5。
3、 如权利要求 2 所述的高合金冷作模具钢, 特征在于以重量百分比 (wt%) 计其 化学成份为: C1.2~2.3, Si0.1~1.0, Mn0.1~1.2, Cr7.0~13.89, V0.05~2.05, B0.02~0.30, 其余为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的高合金冷作模具钢, 特征在于以重量百分比 (wt%) 计其 化学成份为: Cl.25~l.74, Si0.25〜0.6, MnO.19-0.33 , Crll.0~13.0 , V0.42~l.03 , B0.08~0.15, 其余为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。
PCT/CN2009/001047 2008-10-24 2009-09-21 一种高合金冷作模具钢 WO2010045781A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09821502.3A EP2343391B1 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-09-21 High-alloyed cold die steel
JP2010543363A JP5226083B2 (ja) 2008-10-24 2009-09-21 高合金冷間ダイス鋼
US12/866,239 US8632641B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2009-09-21 High-alloy cold work die steel

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CN102268606B (zh) * 2011-07-22 2012-10-31 霸州市三迪超硬工模具有限公司 一种高耐磨压砖用模具钢
CN102277532A (zh) * 2011-08-19 2011-12-14 广东金型重工有限公司 一种冷作模具钢Cr8及其生产方法
CN104532135B (zh) * 2014-12-24 2017-03-22 河冶科技股份有限公司 冷作模具钢及其制备方法
CN105089711B (zh) * 2015-06-25 2017-08-08 重庆德蚨乐机械制造有限公司 涡轮增压器及其喷嘴环
CN105755362B (zh) * 2016-02-23 2017-09-01 湖南省冶金材料研究院 一种高碳高铬粉末冶金耐磨材料及其制备方法
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CN101392354A (zh) 2009-03-25
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