WO2010045076A2 - Article d'acier revêtu de carbure d'une source de métal du groupe 5 et procédé de fabrication de cet article - Google Patents

Article d'acier revêtu de carbure d'une source de métal du groupe 5 et procédé de fabrication de cet article Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010045076A2
WO2010045076A2 PCT/US2009/059781 US2009059781W WO2010045076A2 WO 2010045076 A2 WO2010045076 A2 WO 2010045076A2 US 2009059781 W US2009059781 W US 2009059781W WO 2010045076 A2 WO2010045076 A2 WO 2010045076A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
particulate mix
metal
core
particulate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/059781
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010045076A3 (fr
Inventor
Manoj Thete
Original Assignee
Borgwarner Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Borgwarner Inc. filed Critical Borgwarner Inc.
Priority to CN2009801383107A priority Critical patent/CN102165087B/zh
Priority to US13/123,731 priority patent/US8864917B2/en
Priority to EP09821031.3A priority patent/EP2350335B1/fr
Priority to KR1020167013590A priority patent/KR20160065212A/ko
Priority to JP2011532148A priority patent/JP5645831B2/ja
Publication of WO2010045076A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010045076A2/fr
Publication of WO2010045076A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010045076A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step

Definitions

  • the field to which the disclosure relates generally to wear resistant steel articles and, in particular, to a process for increasing adhesion of a Group 5 metal source carbide coating to a low chromium containing steel substrate to form a wear resistant steel article.
  • BACKGROUND Power transmission chains are widely used in the automotive industry not only for ignition timing, but also for transferring mechanical power to the driving wheels of a vehicle.
  • Two types of power transmission chains are traditional roller chains and the so-caiied "silent chains". Both roiler chains and silent chains use steel pins as important components.
  • the steel pins are subject to wear.
  • a hard coating may be applied to the steel substrate.
  • vanadium carbide (VC) coatings have been placed on smail steel parts such as pins to improve wear resistance.
  • the composition of the pin substrate steel may have a significant effect on vanadium coated steel pins.
  • steel substrate materials having about 1.5 weight percent or less of chromium is thought to not form enough diffusion of carbide at the vanadium carbide coating/steel interface, which may result in poor adhesion of the vanadium carbide coating to the steel substrate.
  • appropriate carbon content of the substrate steei can ensure the thickness of the VC coating and impart strength and hardness, and appropriate chromium content in the substrate steel is important for good adhesion of the coating to the substrate steei pins.
  • pins having a hard chromium carbide iayer can be made by depositing the chromium from FeCr powder surround the pin surface at 970 degrees Celsius.
  • ferro-chromium and elemental chromium powders is frequently foreclosed or inhibited by environmental reguiation.
  • One exemplary method discloses a process for forming a hard carbide coating onto a low chromium-containing steei article via a chemical deposition process carried out on a particulate mix, in which molybdenum in the form of a compound FeMo may be added to the particulate mix used to form the coating.
  • Another exemplary method discloses a process for forming a hard carbide coating onto a low chromium-containing steel article via a chemical deposition process carried out on a particulate mix, in which titanium in the form of a compound FeTi may be added to the particulate mix used to form the coating.
  • Yet another exemplary method discloses a process for forming a hard carbide coating onto a low chromium-containing steel article via a chemical deposition process carried out on a particulate mix, in which molybdenum in the form of a compound FeMo and titanium in the form of FeTi may be added to the particulate mix used to form the coating.
  • An exemplary particulate mix for coating a low chromium-containing steei substrate via a chemical deposition process includes a Group 5 metal source, a halide catalyst, and FeMo or FeTi, or a mixture of FeMo and FeTi.
  • An exemplary steel article such as a chain may be formed by applying a carbide coating to a low chromium-containing steei substrate, wherein the carbide coating may be formed from the exemplary particulate mix of the previous paragraph.
  • Figure 1 is an idealized section of a pin coated with a carbide coating according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section view of an exemplary rotating retort containing a particulate mix for forming a coating on selected articles;
  • Figure 3 is an idealized end section of the retort also showing the particulate mix and selected articles.
  • Figure 4 shows a portion of a silent chain generally of a prior art design but including pins as from Figure 1.
  • one exemplary embodiment includes an article 10 having a low chromium-containing steel core 12 coated along at least one surface 13 with a carbide coating 14.
  • a low chromium-containing steel core 12 contains less than about 1.6% chromium.
  • the term "steel core” may be used interchangeably herein with the term “steel substrate” and merely represents wherein the article includes a low chromium-containing steei surface that is to be coated with the carbide coating 14. All percentages herein are by weight.
  • AISI 52100 (UNS-G-52986) steel with the following nominal composition: 0.98-1.1 weight percent carbon; 0.25-0.45 weight percent manganese; 1.3-1.6 weight percent chromium; 0.025 weight percent or less phosphorus; 0.025 weight percent or less sulfur; 0.15-0.35 weight percent silicon; and the balance iron.
  • the particulate mix 16 used for forming the carbide coating 14 may inciude a Group 5 metal source, a halide catalyst, and either ferrotitanium (FeTi) powder or ferromoiybdenum (FeMo) powder(or a mixture thereof).
  • FeMo ferromoiybdenum
  • Other substantialiy inert particulates, such as aluminum oxide, may also be included in the particulate mix 16, and in one embodiment may be present in amounts not greater than about 50 percent of the particulate mix 16.
  • a Group 5 metal source includes a Group 5 metal listed on the Periodic
  • the Group 5 metai in the particulate mix 16 to which Vanadium and Niobium are the only members has an atomic number no greater than 41.
  • a non-exclusive list of available halide catalysts that may be introduced to the particulate mix 16 includes iron chloride, ammonium chioride, niobium chloride, vanadium chloride, or mixtures thereof.
  • the halide catalyst may be used in any effective amount, wherein one embodiment may be in an amount of about 0.6% to 3% by weight of the Group 5 metal source.
  • the amount of FeTi or FeMo powder included in the particulate mix 16 may be between about 0.5 and about 4 weight percent of the Group 5 metal source.
  • the weight ratio of FeTi, or FeMo, or a combination of FeTi and FeMo, to the Group 5 metal source may be in the range of about 0.02 to 0.04.
  • One exemplary particulate mix 16 may include ferrovanadium (FeV) powder having a particle size of 0.8 to 3 mm and about 1 % of a selected halide catalyst; here iron chioride (FeCb).
  • the particulate mix 16 may aiso include ferromoiybdenum (FeMo) powder.
  • the FeMo powder may be between about 0.5 and about 4 weight percent of the FeV powder.
  • Other substantially inert particulates, such as aluminum oxide, may be included in the particulate mix 16, and in one embodiment in amounts not greater than about 50 percent of the particulate mix 16.
  • the method of the exemplary embodiments may be preferably implemented in a rotary container 20, or retort 20, having a shaft 22 held rotatably in walls 24 and 26 of furnace 28 by bushings 30 and sealed.
  • a motor (not shown) may rotate the container 20 at a desired speed while the furnace 28 may be maintained at a temperature, in one embodiment, of about 870 to 1093 degrees Celsius (about 1600 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit), or in another embodiment between about 927 to 1038 degrees Celsius (about 1700 to 1900 degrees Fahrenheit).
  • Inside the container 20 may be the particulate mix 16 and at ieast one steel article 10, in this case steel chain pins 10, to be coated with the particulate mix 16 to form the carbide coating 14 of a desired thickness.
  • the desired thickness may achieve a surface hardness of at least HV 2000, which may be associated with a thickness of about 10 to 20 microns.
  • the carbide coating 14 is a vanadium/carbide coating.
  • air is withdrawn from the rotary container 20 and the process is conducted in the sealed rotary container 20 in the substantial absence of air.
  • an inert gas preferably argon or nitrogen, is introduced to the container 20.
  • the source of Group 5 metal in the particulate mix 16 may be caused to dissociate, providing Group 5 metai which may be deposited at the surface of steel core 12 in the form of a haiide.
  • Carbon is drawn from the steei core 12 surface of the article 10 to displace the haiide, which then reverts to the particulate mix 16 to combine with additional Group 5 metal from the source.
  • a small percentage of the Group 5 metal source estimated at 0.5 to 2% of the metal in the metal source, may consumed in the process to provide a commonly desired coating thickness of 10 to 20 microns.
  • the moiybdenum or the titanium in the FeMo or FeTi powder added to the particulate mix 16 are carbide formers that have a high solubility in the Group 5 metal and iron and therefore may increase interface bonding of the coating formed to the core steel substrate 12.
  • the particulate mix 16 and the articles 10 may be separated, and the particulate mix 16 may be returned for re-use in the rotary container 20 to be heated again in the presence of another article or articles t10 o be coated.
  • the particulate mix 16 need not be replenished through several iterations, but may includes the possibility of replenishing the Group 5 metal source and/or the catalyst while the bulk (at least 50%) of the particulate mix 16 in successive uses may comprise materia! having been used before for the purpose.
  • the exemplary method may include the use of the same batch of particulates for at least two batches of articles 10, and additional batches as the economics of the facility may suggest. Generally at least five uses wili be quite practical.
  • the ratio of Group 5 metal in the Group 5 metal source to the articles wiil not be below 1 :2 by weight, and may be preferably 1 :1 to 2:1 by weight.
  • the article 10 including the carbide coating 14 may then be cooled and separated from the particulate mix 16.
  • the article 10 may then be heat- treated, in a post-production step, by subjecting the coated article 10 to at least austenitizing temperature and quenched in a conventional manner to harden the core, preferably achieving a final core hardness of Rc44-56.
  • the article 10 may then be polished in a conventional manner.
  • Figure 3 is an end section of the container 20, illustrating how the contents may be mixed, preferably with the aid of baffles 32, during rotation of the container 20.
  • the particulate mix 16 and the article(s) 10 to be coated may be substantially constantly contacted during the rotation of the container 20, therein causing the carbide coating 14 to be formed on the surface of the steel chain pins 10 at a desired thickness, wherein the desired thickness may be dictated primarily by the amount of time in which the article 10 is rotated within the rotary container 20.
  • the vessel, retort, or container 20 may be rocked or otherwise agitated rather than rotated.
  • a portion of a typical silent chain is shown, comprising sets of plates A and B, each having two holes for pins 10.
  • parallel sets A of four plates and parallel sets B of three plates may be shaped to accommodate sprockets or otherwise to engage a force-delivering device not shown.
  • Some of the plates A or B may articulate on the pins 10 and others may be secured to them so as not to rotate on the pins, depending on the design of the chain. In either event, whether there is articulation or not at the plate/pin interface, significant stress and wear may be engendered at the interface of the pins and the plates.
  • a comparison of chain pins 10 made according to the exemplary process to more conventionai pins showed that the hard coating on the pins 10 did not flake off the pin 10 when it was bent in a vise, whereas pins made by a conventiona! process flaked off.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un mode de réalisation exemplaire, l'invention concerne un procédé de formation d'un revêtement de carbure dur sur un article d'acier à faible teneur en chrome, au moyen d'un procédé de dépôt chimique mis en œuvre sur un mélange particulaire, dans lequel du molybdène sous forme de composé FeMo ou du titane sous forme de composé FeTi, ou un mélange de FeMo et de FeTi, est ajouté au mélange particulaire utilisé pour former le revêtement.
PCT/US2009/059781 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 Article d'acier revêtu de carbure d'une source de métal du groupe 5 et procédé de fabrication de cet article WO2010045076A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009801383107A CN102165087B (zh) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 第5族金属源碳化物涂覆的钢质物品及其制造方法
US13/123,731 US8864917B2 (en) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 Group 5 metal source carbide coated steel article and method for making same
EP09821031.3A EP2350335B1 (fr) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 Article d'acier revêtu de carbure d'une source de métal du groupe 5 et procédé de fabrication de cet article
KR1020167013590A KR20160065212A (ko) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 5족 금속원 탄화물로 코팅된 스틸 물품 및 그 제조 방법
JP2011532148A JP5645831B2 (ja) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 ５族金属源の炭化物でコーティングされた鋼物品およびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10589808P 2008-10-16 2008-10-16
US61/105,898 2008-10-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010045076A2 true WO2010045076A2 (fr) 2010-04-22
WO2010045076A3 WO2010045076A3 (fr) 2010-07-08

Family

ID=42107146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/059781 WO2010045076A2 (fr) 2008-10-16 2009-10-07 Article d'acier revêtu de carbure d'une source de métal du groupe 5 et procédé de fabrication de cet article

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8864917B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2350335B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5645831B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR20110070994A (fr)
CN (2) CN103556109B (fr)
WO (1) WO2010045076A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102202145B1 (ko) * 2014-03-28 2021-01-13 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 완충패드를 갖는 표시장치
EP3426807A4 (fr) * 2016-03-08 2019-11-13 Arcanum Alloy Design Inc. Procédés d'application d'un revêtement métallique
DE102018103319A1 (de) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-14 Iwis Motorsysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Metallbauteil
DE102021121849A1 (de) 2021-08-24 2023-03-02 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils

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DE60138383D1 (de) 2000-06-29 2009-05-28 Borgwarner Inc Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit karbid beschichteten stahlkörpers
JP4401108B2 (ja) 2003-06-03 2010-01-20 大同工業株式会社 チェーン用ピン及びその製造方法
JP4771879B2 (ja) * 2006-07-18 2011-09-14 株式会社椿本チエイン 自動車エンジン用サイレントチェーン

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103556109A (zh) 2014-02-05
US8864917B2 (en) 2014-10-21
WO2010045076A3 (fr) 2010-07-08
EP2350335A2 (fr) 2011-08-03
CN102165087A (zh) 2011-08-24
EP2350335B1 (fr) 2019-01-23
JP5645831B2 (ja) 2014-12-24
JP2012505969A (ja) 2012-03-08
CN103556109B (zh) 2016-02-24
KR20110070994A (ko) 2011-06-27
EP2350335A4 (fr) 2014-07-30
US20110192499A1 (en) 2011-08-11
CN102165087B (zh) 2013-11-27
KR20160065212A (ko) 2016-06-08

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