WO2010044271A1 - 固定床気液混相反応器及びそれを用いた気液混相反応法 - Google Patents
固定床気液混相反応器及びそれを用いた気液混相反応法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010044271A1 WO2010044271A1 PCT/JP2009/005399 JP2009005399W WO2010044271A1 WO 2010044271 A1 WO2010044271 A1 WO 2010044271A1 JP 2009005399 W JP2009005399 W JP 2009005399W WO 2010044271 A1 WO2010044271 A1 WO 2010044271A1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
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- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/029—Preparation from hydrogen and oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
- B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00851—Additional features
- B01J2219/00858—Aspects relating to the size of the reactor
- B01J2219/0086—Dimensions of the flow channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00891—Feeding or evacuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
- B01J2219/00954—Measured properties
- B01J2219/00959—Flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
- B01J2219/00954—Measured properties
- B01J2219/00963—Pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fixed bed reactor for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction and a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method, and more specifically, a fixed bed having a piping structure composed of microchannels as compared with a conventional reactor.
- a fixed-bed gas-liquid mixed phase reactor capable of increasing the efficiency of mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase by 10 to 100 times by improving the structure of the gas-liquid introduction section, and the reactor
- the present invention relates to a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method using the above.
- the present invention is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide with high efficiency by a direct reaction process using a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen, for example, in a safe and constant manner, energy saving and low environmental load. It provides new technology and new products related to the gas-liquid mixed phase reactor and the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method.
- Non-Patent Document 1 As an example that can significantly improve the reaction controllability in a continuous reaction process, direct fluorination reaction using gas phase fluorine and reaction of hydrogen and oxygen can be efficiently performed using a microchannel.
- a controlled example is known (Non-Patent Document 1).
- reaction For reactions in microreactors composed of microchannels, increased interfacial area in microchannels facilitates mass transfer, improves reaction efficiency, and increases the specific surface area of the reactor, making temperature control easier.
- the reaction is characterized in that it can achieve reaction conditions and reaction selectivity that cannot be achieved by a conventional reactor. Therefore, in the prior art, most proposals are related to the shape and size of the microreactor and macrochannel, and there is almost no disclosure regarding more optimal reaction conditions and catalyst use environments in these reactors.
- Patent Document 1 an epoxy compound production method characterized by epoxidation from an olefin compound and hydrogen peroxide has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- the oxidation catalyst used is not particularly limited, and it is said that a known oxidation catalyst can be used.
- the liquid feeding method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the catalyst particle size disclosed in the examples is 1 micron or less, and it is expected that considerable pressure loss will occur in the microreactor. From the viewpoint of stable operation of the reaction, it is clear that special consideration is necessary for the liquid feeding method.
- Patent Document 2 a method of performing hydrogenation under mild conditions by catalytic hydrogenation of an aldehyde compound or a nitro compound has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- the hydrogenation catalyst used in the microreactor include a palladium catalyst, a nickel catalyst, a platinum catalyst, and a ruthenium catalyst.
- the average particle diameter of the hydrogenation catalyst is usually 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m. In particular, it is considered to be preferably about 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and (average catalyst particle diameter) / (channel diameter) is preferably about 0.1 or less, particularly preferably 0.07 or less.
- the flow rate of hydrogen and the effectiveness of hydrogen utilization is a problem from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency.
- a hydrocarbon-containing fluid containing an alkane or alarcan and an oxygen source are passed through a microchannel in which a catalyst is present, and the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and the oxygen source are reacted in the temperature range of 300 to 1000 ° C. in the microchannel. Therefore, a technique for generating water and at least one alkene and / or arken has also been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 the catalytically active substance to be used is not particularly limited, and can include any conventional effective oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. In particular, there is no disclosure regarding the environment in which the catalyst is used to increase the reaction efficiency. Absent.
- the present technology has a gas phase reaction as a target reaction, and it is not clear whether it can be applied as it is to a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction.
- the hydrogenation reactor of the conventional anthraquinone method is used. It is disclosed that high productivity is provided (Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 4 also states that the catalyst used in the hydrogenation microreactor may have any size and geometry that fits within the microchannel, and in the hydrogenation catalyst or alternatively in the microreactor channel. It is said that it may be deposited, dispersed or coated onto a packed or introduced conventional catalyst substrate support medium. Also in this document, there is no disclosure relating to the environment in which the catalyst is used to increase the reaction efficiency. In addition, this technology does not solve the fundamental problem of the anthraquinone method, that is, the sequential decomposition of anthraquinone and the contamination with hydrogen peroxide, which is a product.
- Non-patent Document 2 In the production of hydrogen peroxide by a direct reaction process using hydrogen and oxygen, in addition to hydrogen and oxygen, an aqueous solution containing a small amount of stabilizer for stably recovering hydrogen peroxide, and noble metals such as palladium and gold So far, a reaction system comprising a catalyst mainly composed of has been studied. Specifically, hydrogen and oxygen dissolved in water react on the catalyst to generate hydrogen peroxide (Non-patent Document 2).
- the present inventors constructed a microreactor by processing a microchannel on silicon, and constructed a microreactor in which a supported palladium catalyst was filled in the microchannel of the microreactor.
- the microreactor When producing hydrogen peroxide from a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen, the microreactor is capable of producing hydrogen peroxide safely and constantly in spite of explosive conditions with a hydrogen content of 20% to 50%. It was effective in manufacturing. In addition, when the mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase was quantitatively evaluated, it was found that the mass transfer was 10 to 100 times more efficient than the conventional reactor.
- Vanden Bussche et al. Discloses a method for producing hydrogen peroxide after producing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis with respect to a method for producing hydrogen peroxide based on microchannels (Patent Document 5). -8).
- Patent Document 5 Patent Document 5
- the details of the reactor are unknown, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration is also unknown.
- Tonkovich et al. Discloses the structure of a reactor in detail for a method for producing hydrogen peroxide based on a microchannel (Patent Document 9). However, this document does not disclose detailed reaction conditions, and the performance of the reactor is completely unknown.
- Lawal et al. Have proposed a reactor in which a SUS tube having an inner diameter of 775 ⁇ m is filled with a supported palladium catalyst, and synthesizes hydrogen peroxide of 1.1 wt% at maximum (Patent Document 10).
- Patent Document 10 a large excess of hydrogen and oxygen is circulated in order to form a stable gas-liquid multiphase flow, and there is a problem in recycling unreacted gas.
- the microchannels are paralleled in several to ten sequences. It is essential. In this case, in order to ensure productivity as expected, it is necessary to make the reaction conditions for each microchannel uniform.
- Non-Patent Document 3 For example, in the method for producing hydrogen peroxide developed by the present inventors (Non-Patent Document 3), although microchannels are arranged in parallel in 10 rows, the gas-liquid to each microchannel is analyzed by flow visualization analysis. It has been found that the multiphase flow varies. This is considered to be the reason why productivity in the method for producing hydrogen peroxide disclosed in Non-Patent Document 3 is impaired.
- Kitamori et al. Have developed a parallel method by bonding glass reactors (Patent Document 11).
- this method is limited to the liquid phase reaction, and when the degree of parallelization increases, there is a greater possibility that the flow rate of the reaction solution for each microchannel differs due to drift, and this The problem is that productivity can be reduced.
- Tonkovich et al. Have developed a reactor in which microchannels are arranged in parallel, and have shown that fluid can be evenly distributed to each microchannel (Patent Document 12). However, this reactor is disclosed only when a single type of fluid is circulated, and it is not clear whether it can be applied to a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction such as the production of hydrogen peroxide.
- Non-Patent Document 4 a gas-liquid mixed phase flow with improved mass transfer is formed.
- this reactor has a problem from the viewpoint of accumulation of the catalyst in the microchannel, and even under the condition where the catalyst is accumulated, the gas / liquid is equally distributed between the 16 channels. It is not clear whether a multiphase flow is formed.
- microreactor technology composed of conventional microchannels is difficult to deal with industrial production of gas-liquid mixed-phase reactions. Therefore, there was a strong demand for the development of a continuous reactor using microchannels capable of continuous reaction.
- Microfabricated Multiphase Reactors for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peripheral Hydogen and Oxygen Yashiro Wada, et al., “Flow Distribution and Ozonolisity in Gas-Liquid Multichannel Microreactors”, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 80, Vol. 36, Research Revel.
- the present inventors in a method of directly synthesizing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen without using a working solution as in the conventional anthraquinone method, Continuous gas-liquid mixed phase reactor and gas-liquid mixed phase reaction using microchannels that can respond to industrial production with continuous hydrogen peroxide reaction, with the goal of obtaining hydrogen peroxide concentration close to commercial hydrogen peroxide The research was repeated with the goal of developing a law.
- the present invention is a fixed bed reactor comprising a microchannel capable of performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction with a mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase 10 to 100 times higher efficiency than the conventional reactor.
- the controllability of the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is remarkably improved.
- the present invention provides a fixed bed having a microchannel capable of performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction with mass transfer to a gas phase and a liquid phase being 10 to 100 times more efficient than a conventional reactor.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fixed bed gas / liquid mixed phase reactor and a gas / liquid mixed phase reaction method capable of improving productivity while maintaining the characteristics of performing reaction by microchannels in parallel with reactors. It is.
- the present invention provides a fixed bed reactor comprising a microchannel capable of performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction with mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase being 10 to 100 times more efficient than a conventional reactor.
- the purpose of this invention is to significantly improve the catalyst life by starting and stopping the reaction in a reducing atmosphere when directly synthesizing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide obtained in the conventional reactor has been kept at a low value of 0.2 weight percent, whereas the productivity is improved by parallelization of microchannels, for example.
- the present invention provides a fixed bed gas-liquid mixed phase reaction comprising a microchannel having a specific gas phase introduction part and a liquid phase introduction part capable of safely handling a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen having an explosive composition. And a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has a piping structure composed of microchannels in a fixed bed reactor that performs a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, and the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.0001 cm 2 to 0.008 cm. 2 and having the fixed bed, the gas phase introduction part, and the liquid phase introduction part, the pressure loss of the pipe of the gas phase introduction part when the gas phase is distributed is ⁇ P g , and the liquid phase is the liquid phase introduction part.
- the pressure loss when flowing through the fixed bed reactor via ⁇ P 1 is defined as ⁇ P 1 , and in the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction conditions, the pipe thickness structure and / or the same conditions are set so that ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P 1 is satisfied.
- a fixed bed reactor characterized by having a packing structure that promotes the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase formed to fill.
- the present invention also relates to a fixed bed reactor having a piping structure composed of microchannels for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, and having two or more parallel fixed sections having a cross-sectional area of 0.0001 cm 2 to 0.008 cm 2. It has a bed, and in addition to the fixed bed, it has a gas phase distribution section, a gas phase introduction section for the fixed bed, a liquid phase distribution section, a liquid phase introduction section for the fixed bed, a packing introduction section, and a fluid merge section.
- the pressure loss of the piping of the gas phase distribution unit and the gas phase introduction unit is ⁇ P g ⁇ d and ⁇ P g ⁇ i , respectively, and the pressure loss of the piping of the liquid phase distribution unit and the liquid phase introduction unit is ⁇ P l , respectively.
- the pressure loss of the fixed bed is ⁇ P l ⁇ p
- the liquid loss at the fluid confluence of the fixed bed is the pressure loss when flowing through the phase as [Delta] P O, the following 1) to 4) all the conditions are satisfied, 1)
- the cross-sectional area of the gas phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05, and the cross-sectional area of the liquid phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.0003 to 0.
- a fixed bed reactor characterized by having a packed structure in which gas and liquid are evenly distributed to each other in two or more fixed beds in parallel.
- the present invention provides a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction using the above-mentioned fixed bed reactor, wherein the gas phase linear velocity is 0.01 m / s to 10 m / s in each of the parallel microchannels.
- the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is characterized in that the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is performed by operating the fixed bed reactor under the conditions of s and the linear velocity of the liquid phase of 10 ⁇ 5 m / s to 10 ⁇ 2 m / s.
- the present invention is a fixed bed reactor for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, and has a piping structure composed of microchannels, and the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.0001 cm 2 to 0.008 cm 2 ,
- the pressure loss is ⁇ P 1
- the pipe thickness structure formed so as to satisfy the condition of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l and / or the formation of the gas-liquid mixed phase formed so as to satisfy the same condition. It has a filling structure that promotes.
- the present invention also relates to a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction using the above fixed bed reactor, wherein the gas phase linear velocity is 0.01 m / s to 10 m / s, and the liquid
- the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is performed by operating the fixed bed reactor under the condition of the phase linear velocity of 10 ⁇ 5 m / s to 10 ⁇ 2 m / s.
- the present invention relates to a fixed bed reactor having a microchannel for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, and the structure of the fixed bed having a packing, the gas phase introduction part, and the liquid phase introduction part when the gas phase is circulated.
- the pressure loss of the phase introduction pipe is ⁇ P g
- the pressure loss when the liquid phase is passed through the fixed bed reactor is ⁇ P l
- the pipes formed so as to satisfy the condition of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l in the reaction conditions It is characterized by having a structure having a filling structure that promotes formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase formed so as to satisfy the thickness structure and / or the same condition.
- the gas phase and the liquid phase are brought into contact with each other in the fixed bed microchannel having the above-mentioned packing structure, and after the formation of the gas-liquid mixed phase and the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, the reaction product is provided on the fixed bed.
- the operation of collecting from the discharge port of the discharge unit can be performed.
- the reactor may be manufactured by joining a pipe satisfying the above requirement of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l , or by processing a material that is stable with respect to reaction conditions such as a metal plate, a silicon plate, and a glass plate, It may be manufactured as a monolithic reactor with microchannels that meet the requirements, or as long as the flow of the gas-liquid multiphase flow does not change, the actual reaction with the part where the gas-liquid multiphase flow is formed After the fixed bed portion to be performed is processed independently, it may function as a reactor as a unit
- the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.008 cm 2 or less, and the cross-sectional area of the gas-phase or liquid-phase introduction part and the discharge port of the discharge part located around the fixed bed is further reduced.
- the surface of materials such as metal plates, silicon plates, and glass plates used as reactor materials is fixed using a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology to introduce a gas phase.
- MEMS micro electro mechanical system
- plasma etching, chemical etching, and drilling can be exemplified as specific examples of the groove processing technique using the MEMS technique.
- examples of the joining method of the grooved plates include heat fusion and anodic joining (in the case of joining silicon and soda glass).
- the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is preferably 0.008 cm 2 or less from the viewpoint of keeping the specific surface area of the reaction tube large and utilizing the characteristics of using microchannels in the reaction. From the viewpoint of filling the portion, it is preferable to have a cross-sectional area of 0.0001 cm 2 or more. Furthermore, considering the pressure loss, the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed portion is preferably 0.0008 cm 2 to 0.008 cm 2 .
- the gas phase inlet and the liquid phase inlet in the fixed bed reactor, the gas phase inlet and the liquid phase inlet relative to the fixed bed of the fixed bed reactor It is preferable to be located in a portion closer to the upstream of the channel.
- the gas phase introduction part and the liquid phase introduction part are not limited to one place with respect to the fixed bed, and may be provided at a plurality of places.
- the arrangement form of the fixed bed, the gas phase introduction section, the liquid phase introduction section, the discharge section, and the specific configuration of the arrangement location can be arbitrarily set according to the type of reaction and the purpose of use.
- the specific configuration of the shape and structure of the grooves corresponding to the fixed bed, the gas phase introduction part, the liquid phase introduction part and the discharge part is arbitrarily designed within the range of the appropriate shape and structure adopted as the microchannel. can do.
- ⁇ P g is the pressure loss of the gas phase introduction pipe when the gas phase is circulated
- ⁇ P l is the pressure loss when the liquid phase is circulated to the fixed bed reactor
- the adjustment of the pressure loss can be controlled by the flow rate of the gas phase and the liquid phase flowing through the gas phase introduction part and the fixed bed part, respectively, but these relate to the reaction conditions and reaction parameters of the reaction method. is there.
- operating these parameters so that they can be changed significantly affects the reaction performance and therefore preferably depends on the configuration of the reactor itself, the gas phase inlet cross-sectional area / fixed bed cross-sectional area, Specifically, it is defined by the structure of the cross section of the fixed bed, the pressure loss of the gas phase introduction pipe, and the pressure loss when the liquid phase is circulated through the fixed reactor.
- the range of the cross-sectional area of the gas phase introduction portion / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05, and more preferably in the range of 0.0002 to 0.02. Machining may be difficult if the cross-sectional area ratio is less than 0.0001, and if it exceeds 0.05, the pressure loss necessary to form a stable gas-liquid mixed phase flow is secured. In order to achieve this, the length of the introduction portion must be designed to be long, which leads to the result of unnecessarily increasing the size of the microreactor, which is not preferable.
- the fixed bed of the fixed bed reactor of the present invention can be filled with a catalyst according to the intended reaction.
- a catalyst on which noble metal fine particles are supported preferably a catalyst containing at least one of palladium, gold, and platinum. Can be used.
- this reactor is basically a fixed bed reactor, so that the liquid phase In view of the pressure loss when circulating, the operation at a linear velocity exceeding 10 ⁇ 2 m / s is not preferable. On the other hand, in order to keep the fixed bed wet in the liquid phase, it is preferable to have a linear velocity of 10 ⁇ 5 m / s or more.
- the gas-phase circulation at a linear velocity exceeding 10 m / s is not preferable and a stable gas
- the reactor of the present invention can be suitably used for a mixed phase reaction of a gas phase and a liquid phase, but particularly suitable for a hydrogenation reaction, an oxygen oxidation reaction, or the like when a catalyst is packed in a fixed bed. Can be used.
- the liquid phase component depends on the reaction, but may contain a reaction substrate. When the reaction substrate is a solid, the reaction substrate may be dissolved in a solvent and allowed to flow.
- the gas phase component contains hydrogen and oxygen, but may contain other gas phase components such as nitrogen and liquid.
- the main component of the phase component is preferably water and / or methanol.
- Water and alcohol, preferably water and methanol, may be mixed in any proportions depending on the purpose, and should contain a stabilizer to keep hydrogen peroxide stable in water. Is also possible as appropriate.
- FIG. The figure seen from the direction which can see is shown.
- the reactor of the present invention is composed of CD (fixed in the channel) in the fixed bed portion, AB in the gas phase introduction portion, and EF in the liquid phase introduction portion.
- phase flow f g and a liquid phase stream f l, respectively, are supplied to the fixed bed portion from B and F, a gas-liquid mixed phase flow f g + l is formed in a fixed bed.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in the case where a gas phase flow and a liquid phase flow are supplied to a fixed bed from a single gas phase introduction unit and a liquid phase introduction unit.
- a plurality of gas phase introduction sections and liquid phase introduction sections are provided on the fixed bed having the microchannel, and the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow are fixed through the plurality of introduction sections, respectively. It is possible to configure appropriately so that it can be introduced into the floor.
- the pressure loss of the piping of the gas phase introduction part is the difference in pressure between the gas phase introduction part and the fixed bed AD when only the gas phase is passed through the fixed bed, and the liquid phase is the liquid phase.
- the pressure loss when flowing through the fixed bed reactor through the introduction section means the pressure difference between the liquid phase introduction section and the fixed bed ED when only the liquid phase flows through the fixed bed, respectively. Defined as a thing.
- these pressure losses can be measured by installing a pressure gauge in A, D, and E. That is, ⁇ P l is obtained by taking the difference between the displayed pressures of E and D when only the liquid phase flows through the fixed bed, and the difference between the displayed pressures of A and D when only the gas phase is passed through the fixed bed.
- ⁇ P g ′ can be measured by taking In this case, in particular, 'in the case significantly smaller as compared to, [Delta] P g' pressure loss between B-D is [Delta] P g can be regarded approximately the pressure loss between A-B and the ([Delta] P g).
- the pressures measured at A and E are ⁇ P g ′ (approximately ⁇ P g ) and ⁇ P l as they are, respectively.
- a fixed bed of the reactor a fixed bed having a packed structure in which the packing is filled in the microchannel is used.
- Packing structure in a fixed bed has an action of promoting the formation of the introduced gaseous stream f g and a liquid phase flow f l and a mixture of gas-liquid multiphase flow in a microchannel of a fixed bed,
- the packing structure it is important that the packing has a shape and a structure that can further promote the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase flow in addition to the catalytic action.
- the specific structure of the packing structure can be arbitrarily designed according to the type of reaction, the type of gas phase and liquid phase to be used, and the purpose of use of the reactor.
- the packing material include a catalyst, and as a specific type thereof, an appropriate catalyst corresponding to the type of reaction can be used as long as it can be packed into a microchannel.
- the present invention can promote the formation of a mixed phase of the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow by mixing the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow supplied to the microchannel of the fixed bed from the gas phase introduction unit and the liquid phase introduction unit. It is an essential constituent requirement that it has a packing structure, and that the packing structure is formed so as to satisfy the above-described condition of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l under the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction conditions. Yes. Therefore, the fixed bed reactor of the present invention is a known ordinary structure that is not formed so as to satisfy the above-mentioned condition of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l , or a packing structure that does not promote the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase flow.
- a fixed bed reactor with microchannels is essentially a distinction.
- the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction condition means that the reaction is carried out in a state where the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow do not form a mixed phase, or in a state where the mixed phase is not sufficiently mixed without being sufficiently mixed.
- the reaction conditions are such that a gas phase and a liquid phase flow supplied to the fixed bed are mixed well in a packed structure, so that a mixed phase is formed and a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is suitably performed. Means.
- the thickness structure of the pipe is a specific structure formed so as to satisfy the condition of ⁇ P g > 5 ⁇ P l as the pipe of the gas phase introduction section and the liquid phase introduction section constituted by microchannels.
- the specific configuration of the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel of the gas-phase introduction portion and the liquid-phase introduction portion and the cross-sectional shape of the micro-channel of the fixed bed depends on the purpose of use and the processing method suitable for achieving the purpose. Can be designed arbitrarily.
- the piping structure is not simply constituted by microchannels, but the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is a value at both ends in the range of 0.0001 cm 2 to 0.008 cm 2 , or any value within the range.
- the fixed bed, the gas phase introduction part, and the liquid phase introduction part, and the pressure loss of the piping of the gas phase introduction part when the gas phase is circulated is ⁇ P g , the pressure loss at the time of circulation in the fixed bed reactor via the liquid phase introduction portion of the liquid phase as ⁇ P l, in the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction conditions, ⁇ P g> 5 ⁇ to satisfy P l and condition:
- a normal microchannel is that it has an essential constituent requirement to have a thickness structure of the formed piping and / or a filling structure that promotes the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase formed so as to satisfy the same conditions. It has essential distinction.
- the present invention relates to a fixed bed reactor for performing a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction, having a piping structure composed of microchannels, and having two or more parallel fixed sections having a cross-sectional area of 0.0001 cm 2 to 0.008 cm 2. It has a bed, and in addition to the fixed bed, it has a gas phase distribution section, a gas phase introduction section for the fixed bed, a liquid phase distribution section, a liquid phase introduction section for the fixed bed, a packing introduction section, and a fluid merge section. It is characterized by.
- the fixed beds are usually arranged in parallel in several to ten sequences, but the number of fixed beds to be parallelized can be appropriately set in two or more arbitrary ranges.
- the pressure loss of the piping of the gas phase distribution unit and the gas phase introduction unit is ⁇ P g ⁇ d and ⁇ P g ⁇ i , respectively, and the pressure loss of the piping of the liquid phase distribution unit and the liquid phase introduction unit is ⁇ P l ⁇ d and [Delta] p l-i, the pressure loss upon flowing the liquid phase in a fixed bed which is parallelized, [Delta] p l-p the pressure loss of the fluid merging portion, and flows through the liquid phase fluid converging portion of the subsequent fixed bed
- the pressure loss is ⁇ P O , all of the following conditions 1) to 4) are satisfied, and the structure has a packing structure in which gas and liquid are evenly distributed to two or more fixed beds in parallel.
- the cross-sectional area of the gas phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05, and the cross-sectional area of the liquid phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.0003 to 0. 3) 2) ⁇ P l ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P l ⁇ d and ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P g ⁇ d 3) ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p > 2.5 ⁇ P O 4) ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 5 ⁇ P l ⁇ p
- the present invention is also a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method in which a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is performed using the above fixed bed reactor, wherein the linear velocity of the gas phase is 0. 0 in each of the parallel microchannels.
- the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is performed by operating the fixed bed reactor under the conditions of 01 m / s to 10 m / s and the liquid phase linear velocity of 10 ⁇ 5 m / s to 10 ⁇ 2 m / s. It is characterized by this.
- the gas phase supplied for the reaction is introduced from the gas phase introduction part into the microchannel of the fixed bed, and the liquid phase supplied for the reaction is supplied from the liquid phase introduction part.
- the gas phase and the liquid phase Introduced into the microchannel of the fixed bed, and further, due to the branched structure, the gas phase and the liquid phase, the gas phase distribution unit, the gas phase introduction unit for the fixed bed, the liquid phase distribution unit, the liquid phase introduction unit for the fixed bed, Then, these gas phases and liquid phases are brought into contact with each other in the fixed bed microchannel having the above-mentioned packing structure.
- the reactor may be manufactured by joining pipes, or by processing a material that is stable with respect to reaction conditions such as a metal plate, a silicon plate, and a glass plate to form a microchannel that satisfies the above requirements. It may be manufactured as a type reactor.
- the cross-sectional area of the gas phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05, and the cross-sectional area of the liquid phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is 0.0003 to 0. 3) 2) ⁇ P l ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P l ⁇ d and ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P g ⁇ d 3) ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p > 2.5 ⁇ P O 4) ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 5 ⁇ P l ⁇ p
- the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is defined by the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed, the pressure loss of the gas phase introduction pipe, and the pressure loss configuration when the liquid phase is circulated through the fixed reactor.
- the range of the cross-sectional area of the gas phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05, preferably in the range of 0.0002 to 0.02.
- the cross-sectional area of the liquid phase introduction part / the cross-sectional area of the fixed bed is in the range of 0.0003 to 0.3, and preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.1.
- this reactor is basically a fixed bed reactor. Therefore, in consideration of the pressure loss when the liquid phase is circulated, operation at a linear velocity of 10 ⁇ 2 m / s or less is preferable. On the other hand, in order to keep the fixed bed wet in the liquid phase, it is preferable to have a linear velocity of 10 ⁇ 5 m / s or more.
- the gas-phase circulation at a linear velocity exceeding 10 m / s is not preferable and a stable gas
- FIG. 2 shows the reactor of the present invention in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the gas-liquid multiphase flow and all of them.
- O represents a flow junction
- G + L represents a mixed phase outlet of a gas phase and a liquid phase.
- the fixed bed reactor of the present invention comprises a gas phase inlet (G), a liquid phase inlet (L), a gas phase distribution section (Gd), a liquid phase distribution section (Ld), a packing introduction section, (SS ′) And Ck-Dk of the fixed bed portion (filled in the channel), Ak-Bk of the gas phase introduction portion, and Ek-Fk of the liquid phase introduction portion (k is 1 to n) Natural number, corresponding to the number of channels to be parallelized).
- [Delta] P g-d the pressure loss of the gas phase distribution portion
- the [Delta] P l-d the pressure loss of the liquid phase distribution portion
- [Delta] P O occurs in the merging portion (O) when the flows only liquid phase reactor Represents each pressure loss.
- f gk is vapor stream introduced to the k-th fixed bed
- f ik are liquid stream introduced to the k-th fixed bed
- f g + ik is circulated k-th fixed bed Represents the gas-liquid mixed phase flow.
- a packing such as a catalyst is introduced into each of the microchannels Ck-Dk via the packing introducing section SS ′.
- the gas phase component is distributed from the gas phase inlet G to the paralleled microchannels via the gas phase distribution unit Gd.
- the gas phase flow f g and the liquid phase flow f l are , B and F are respectively supplied to the fixed bed portion, and a gas-liquid mixed phase flow f g + 1 is formed in the fixed bed.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a gas phase flow and a liquid phase flow are supplied to a fixed bed from a single gas phase introduction unit and a liquid phase introduction unit for each of the fixed bed microchannels arranged in parallel.
- a plurality of gas phase introduction units and liquid phase introduction units are provided on the fixed bed having the microchannel according to the type of reaction and the purpose of use. It is possible to appropriately configure so that the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow can be introduced into the fixed bed, respectively.
- the structure is such that a packing such as a catalyst can be filled at the same time, but the structure may be such that each microchannel can be filled individually.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the k-th gas phase introduction part, liquid phase introduction part, and fixed bed part.
- Ck-Dk represents a fixed bed portion
- Ak-Bk represents a gas phase introduction portion
- Ek-Fk represents a liquid phase introduction portion
- f gk represents a gas phase flow introduced into the kth fixed bed.
- F lk represents a liquid phase flow introduced into the kth fixed bed
- f g + 1k represents a gas-liquid mixed phase flow flowing through the kth fixed bed.
- ⁇ P g-ik is the pressure loss in the gas phase introduction part
- ⁇ P l-ik is the pressure loss in the liquid phase introduction part
- ⁇ P l-pk is the pressure loss that occurs when only the liquid phase flows through the fixed bed. Represents each.
- the pressure loss ⁇ Pg-d of the gas-phase distribution section piping can be defined as the pressure loss generated in the gas-phase distribution section Gd when flowing through the gas phase. It can be defined as a pressure loss occurring between the terminal end (Ak). Therefore, it is originally defined as ⁇ P g ⁇ dk for each branch, but when it is clear that the variation is small, ⁇ P g ⁇ with the average value of ( ⁇ P g ⁇ d ) k as a representative value. d can be defined.
- the pressure loss ⁇ P g ⁇ i of the gas phase introduction part can be defined as the pressure loss of the gas phase introduction part Ak-Bk (k is a natural number of 1 to n), and originally, ⁇ P g ⁇ ik for each introduction part. Although it is defined, when it is clear that each variation is small, ⁇ P g ⁇ i can be defined using the average value of ⁇ P g ⁇ ik as a representative value.
- the pressure loss ⁇ P 1 ⁇ d of the pipe of the liquid phase distribution unit can be defined as the pressure loss that occurs in the liquid phase distribution unit Ld when flowing through the liquid phase, and specifically, the branch start point and the branch point It can be defined that the pressure loss occurs between the end (Ek).
- [Delta] P l-dk for each branch, in the case that each of the small variation apparent, [Delta] P as a representative value of the average value of ( ⁇ P l-d) k l- d can be defined.
- the pressure loss ⁇ P l ⁇ i at the liquid phase introduction part can be defined as a pressure loss of Ek ⁇ Fk (k is a natural number from 1 to n), and is originally defined as ⁇ P l ⁇ ik for each introduction part.
- ⁇ P l ⁇ i can be defined using the average value of ⁇ P l ⁇ ik as a representative value.
- ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p the pressure loss that occurs when only the liquid phase flows through the fixed bed
- ⁇ Po the pressure loss that occurs at the junction (O) when only the liquid phase flows through the reactor
- ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p is a pressure loss generated between Fk and Dk when the liquid phase is circulated through the fixed bed, but the liquid phase is close to Fk and Ck. If the pressure loss generated between Ck and Fk under flow is sufficiently small, this may be regarded as a pressure loss generated approximately between Ck and Dk.
- ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p is also defined as ( ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p ) k for each fixed bed, but if it is clear that the variation for each fixed bed is small, ( ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p ) k ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p can be defined with the average value as a representative value.
- ⁇ Po is originally defined as ( ⁇ Po) k between the fixed bed end Dk and the confluence, but when it is clear that each variation is small, the average value of ( ⁇ Po) k is ⁇ Po can be defined as a representative value.
- Pressure measurement can also be performed by attaching a pressure gauge to the relevant part of the reactor, but if it is difficult to attach a pressure gauge, the following equation is used for estimation within the scope of the present invention. It is valid.
- the following Hagen-Poiseillele equation is effective for estimating the pressure loss in the gas introduction channel and the liquid introduction channel.
- the pressure loss can be expressed by the Hagen-Poiseillele equation.
- the left side indicates the pressure loss caused by the gas phase flow per unit length in the gas phase or liquid phase introduction portion
- the right side in mu g viscosity of the gas phase or liquid phase
- u g is The average linear velocity in the gas phase or liquid phase introduction part
- D indicates the inner diameter of the tube. If the cross-sectional shape of the tube is not circular, D can be the inner diameter of a circle that is equivalent in terms of cross-sectional area.
- the right side shows the pressure loss per unit length that occurs when only the liquid phase flows through the fixed bed, and in the right side, ⁇ liq is the linear velocity of the liquid phase, ⁇ liq is the liquid density, d p indicates the diameter of the packing.
- ⁇ B represents the void fraction of the fixed bed
- Re liq represents the Reynolds number during liquid phase circulation.
- the fixed bed of the reactor a fixed bed having a packed structure in which the packing is filled in the microchannel is used.
- Packing structure in a fixed bed a mixture of introduced into the microchannels of the fixed bed was a gaseous stream f g and a liquid phase flow f l, it has an effect of promoting the formation of the gas-liquid mixed flow
- the packing structure it is important that the packing has a shape and a structure that can further promote the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase flow in addition to the catalytic action.
- the specific structure of the packing structure can be arbitrarily designed according to the type of reaction, the type of gas phase and liquid phase to be used, and the purpose of use of the reactor.
- the packing material include a catalyst, and as a specific type thereof, an appropriate catalyst corresponding to the type of reaction can be used as long as it can be packed into a microchannel.
- the present invention mixes the gas-phase flow and the liquid-phase flow supplied to the microchannel of the fixed bed from the gas-phase introduction unit and the liquid-phase introduction unit, and promotes the formation of a mixed phase of the gas-phase flow and the liquid-phase flow.
- It has a packing structure that can be formed, and the packing structure has the above-described ⁇ P l ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P l ⁇ d , ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P g ⁇ d , ⁇ P l ⁇ p > It is an indispensable constituent requirement that it is formed so as to satisfy the conditions of 2.5 ⁇ Po and ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 5 ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p .
- the fixed bed reactor of the present invention is a fixed bed reactor having a packing structure that does not promote the formation of a gas-liquid mixed phase flow or a known ordinary microchannel that is not formed to satisfy the above-described conditions.
- the gas-liquid mixed phase reaction condition means that the reaction is carried out in a state where the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow do not form a mixed phase, or in a state where the mixed phase is not sufficiently mixed without being sufficiently mixed.
- the reaction conditions are such that a gas phase and a liquid phase flow supplied to the fixed bed are mixed well in a packed structure, so that a mixed phase is formed and a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction is suitably performed. Means.
- a hydrogen peroxide synthesis catalyst such as a palladium catalyst
- an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas or a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen is passed through the microchannel to sufficiently reduce the catalyst surface and the inside of the microchannel.
- oxygen is introduced to start the reaction. This operation significantly increases the synthesis yield of hydrogen peroxide.
- the oxygen supply is stopped and the synthesis reaction of hydrogen peroxide is completed. Then, an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas or a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen is vented to the microchannel, and the catalyst surface and the inside of the microchannel are fully Finish after reducing atmosphere. By this operation, the reaction result when the reaction is started again can be maintained in a good state.
- the microreactor of the present invention is used as a method for setting the hydrogen content in the steady reaction conditions to the upper limit. This method is easy to adopt in a continuous reaction process. That is, in the case of producing hydrogen peroxide using a gas phase having a predetermined hydrogen and oxygen content, the same amount of hydrogen is contained at the start of the reaction, and the oxygen equivalent amount is changed to nitrogen.
- the time required for starting and / or stopping the reaction is not particularly limited.
- the amount of hydrogen flow is converted to the amount of substance (mole)
- the amount of palladium contained in the catalyst is excessively large (mole).
- the reaction solution must be supplied under the same conditions as the continuous reaction. Is desirable.
- the reaction temperature be as constant as possible in a series of processes from the start of the reaction, through the continuous reaction operation to the stop.
- a palladium catalyst is known to elute a catalyst component when it comes into contact with, for example, an oxidizing atmosphere containing only oxygen and nitrogen, and the present invention suppresses outflow of such a catalyst component to prevent hydrogen and It is considered that there is an effect of maintaining the activity of the catalyst containing palladium in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using oxygen (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-16501).
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-16501 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-16501.
- the present invention is characterized by using a fixed bed reactor composed of microchannels from the start of the reaction to the continuous reaction operation and further to the termination of the reaction. This is essentially a distinction from technology using fixed bed reactors and other reactors.
- microchannels it is possible to perform a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction stably and constantly, and to improve reaction results such as high efficiency of mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase. It is possible to provide a new fixed bed gas-liquid mixed phase reactor that can be used. (2) It is possible to provide a new fixed bed gas-liquid mixed phase reactor in which productivity is enhanced by paralleling the microchannels. (3) By using the gas-liquid mixed phase reactor comprising the microchannel of the present invention, it becomes possible to safely handle a mixed gas containing hydrogen and oxygen having an explosive composition while controlling the flow rate.
- the gas-liquid contact interface is increased so that mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase is more efficient than conventional reactors.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide obtained in the conventional reactor remains as low as 0.2 weight percent, in the reactor of the present invention, for example, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 1.0 weight percent or more is constantly increased. Hydrogen oxide water is obtained.
- mass transfer into the gas phase and liquid phase can be carried out with a high efficiency of 10 to 100 times.
- the hydrogen content is 20-50% under the explosion condition. It becomes possible to produce hydrogen peroxide constantly. Even when the reaction is carried out under a condition where the hydrogen partial pressure is reduced to 4% or less, safety can be further ensured. (8) By using the microchannel, the risk of explosion can be avoided, and the activity of the catalyst can be maintained by keeping the catalyst in a reducing atmosphere. (9) The reaction can be carried out constantly from the beginning, preventing abnormal heating of the catalyst due to excessive consumption of hydrogen and exposure to the oxidizing atmosphere of the catalyst, and suppressing catalyst deterioration due to heat / catalyst component outflow.
- FIG. 1 is a view of a reactor according to the present invention as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the direction of gas-liquid multiphase flow and from which all microchannels can be seen.
- the reactor of the present invention comprises a fixed bed portion (CD, filled with a filling in the channel), a gas phase introduction portion (AB) and a liquid phase introduction portion (EF),
- the gas phase flow (f g ) and the liquid phase flow (f l ) are respectively supplied from B and F to the fixed bed portion, and a gas-liquid mixed phase flow (f g + l ) is formed in the fixed bed.
- FIG. 1 is a view of a reactor according to the present invention as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the direction of gas-liquid multiphase flow and from which all microchannels can be seen.
- the reactor of the present invention comprises a fixed bed portion (CD, filled with a filling in the channel), a gas phase introduction portion (AB) and a liquid phase introduction portion (EF),
- FIG. 2 shows an explanatory view of the reactor of the present invention as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the direction of the gas-liquid mixed phase flow and in which all the microchannels can be seen. Explanatory drawing of a kth gaseous-phase introduction part, a liquid phase introduction part, and a fixed bed part is shown.
- a fixed bed reactor was manufactured. On a 30 mm ⁇ 70 mm Tempax (registered trademark) glass plate polished on both sides, a reactor microchannel consisting of a gas phase inlet, a liquid phase inlet, a fixed bed, and a gas-liquid mixed phase outlet is hooked. It was processed by groove processing by chemical etching method with acid. The groove was processed into a semi-elliptical shape with a depth of 20 ⁇ m and a width of 50 ⁇ m. Drilling was performed on the fixed bed portion, the liquid phase introduction portion, and the gas-liquid mixed phase discharge portion into a plate shape in which the microchannel grooves of the reactor were processed by an etching method.
- the shape of the fixed floor portion was 600 ⁇ m wide and 300 ⁇ m deep.
- a drilling process was performed to make a 1 mm diameter penetration process.
- these two Tempax glass plates were bonded together by heat fusion to produce a fixed bed reactor.
- the fixed bed reactor comprises two gas phase introduction pipes (AB), one liquid phase introduction pipe (EF), and a fixed bed portion (CD).
- the tube has a width of 50 ⁇ m and a depth of 20 ⁇ m, a short length of 10 mm and a long length of 25 mm.
- the liquid phase introduction tube has a width of 600 ⁇ m, a depth of 50 ⁇ m, and a length of 13 mm.
- the fixed floor portion has a width of 600 ⁇ m, a depth of 300 ⁇ m, and a length of 55 mm.
- spherical porous silica FL-100D, manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd.
- FL-100D manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd.
- nitrogen gas was circulated from the long gas phase inlet tube.
- the short gas-phase inlet tube inlet was sealed. At this time, it was confirmed that a stable gas-liquid mixed phase flow was formed in the fixed bed portion, and that the liquid phase hardly entered the gas phase introduction portion.
- the pressure difference between A and D was about 1 atm, which substantially corresponded to the pressure loss between A and B (gas phase introduction pipe).
- the pressure difference between ED was less than 0.1 atm.
- an alumina-supported 5 weight percent palladium catalyst manufactured by N.E. Chemcat Co., Ltd.
- the reaction solution is filled in a fixed bed, 0.01 ml per minute, and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (hydrogen 40%) is circulated at a standard flow rate of 5 ml per minute under a pressure of 10 atm.
- the production of hydrogen oxide was studied.
- the reaction solution was an aqueous solution containing 0.025 M sulfuric acid, 0.005 M phosphoric acid, and 50 ppm (weight ratio) sodium bromide.
- a reactor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the fixed bed portion was 600 ⁇ m in width and 600 ⁇ m in depth.
- the same gas-liquid multiphase flow evaluation as in Example 1 was conducted under the same conditions, that is, the same flow rate of nitrogen was introduced from a long gas phase introduction pipe, and the same flow rate of water and the same type of packing were used.
- the pressure difference between A and D was about 1 atm, which corresponded to the pressure loss between AB (gas phase introduction pipe).
- the pressure difference between ED was less than 0.1 atm.
- Example 2 instead of porous silica, as in Example 1, an alumina-supported palladium catalyst was packed in a fixed bed over a length of about 40 mm downstream of B in FIG. 1, and the same reaction evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. As a result, 2.0% by weight of hydrogen peroxide solution was obtained.
- a reactor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the fixed bed portion was 600 ⁇ m in width and 900 ⁇ m in depth. About the reactor, the same gas-liquid multiphase flow evaluation as in Example 1 was performed under the same conditions. As a result, a stable gas-liquid multiphase flow was formed in the fixed bed portion, and It was confirmed that there was almost no liquid phase entering.
- the pressure difference between A and D was about 1 atm, which corresponded to the pressure loss between AB (gas phase introduction pipe).
- the pressure difference between ED was less than 0.1 atm.
- Example 2 in place of porous silica, as in Example 1, an alumina-supported palladium catalyst was packed in a fixed bed over a length of about 40 mm downstream of B in FIG. 1, and the same reaction evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. As a result, 3.0% by weight of hydrogen peroxide solution was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, a reactor was manufactured by the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the gas phase introduction part was all drilled. At this time, the gas phase introduction tube had a width of 200 ⁇ m and a depth of 50 ⁇ m.
- the fixed bed of this reactor was filled with spherical porous silica having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m.
- spherical porous silica having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m.
- this reactor was filled with an alumina-supported palladium catalyst in the same manner as in Example 1, 0.01 ml of a water solution per minute, and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (40% hydrogen).
- the production of hydrogen peroxide was examined under a pressure of 10 atm with a flow rate of 5 ml per minute at the standard state conversion flow rate, but because a stable gas-liquid mixed phase flow could not be formed, the experiment had to be interrupted. It was.
- a reactor microchannel consisting of a gas phase inlet, a liquid phase inlet, a fixed bed, and a gas-liquid mixed phase outlet is hooked. It was processed by groove processing by chemical etching method with acid.
- the groove was processed into a semi-elliptical shape with a depth of 20 ⁇ m and a width of 50 ⁇ m. Drilling was performed on the fixed bed portion, the liquid phase introduction portion, and the gas-liquid mixed phase discharge portion on the plate in which the microchannel grooves of the reactor were processed by an etching method.
- the shape of the fixed floor portion was 600 ⁇ m wide and 900 ⁇ m deep.
- a gas-phase inlet in order to form a gas-phase inlet, a liquid-phase inlet, and a gas-liquid mixed-phase outlet for a Tempax (registered trademark) glass plate of the same size, a drilling process is used to make a 1 mm diameter penetration process. was given.
- Tempax (registered trademark) glass plates were bonded together by heat fusion to produce a fixed bed reactor.
- Each fixed bed is composed of two gas phase introduction pipes (Ak-Bk in FIG. 3), a set of liquid phase introduction pipes (Ek-Fk), and a fixed bed portion (Ck-Dk).
- the gas-phase introduction tube has a width of 50 ⁇ m and a depth of 20 ⁇ m.
- the short length is 9 mm, and the long length is 28 mm.
- the liquid phase introduction tube is processed with a channel having a width of 50 ⁇ m, a depth of 20 ⁇ m, and a length of 3.5 mm at intervals of 50 ⁇ m, and five microchannels function as a set for one fixed bed.
- the fixed floor portion has a width of 600 ⁇ m, a depth of 900 ⁇ m, and a length of 45 mm.
- the positions of B1k, B2k (there are two places corresponding to the two gas-phase introduction pipes) and Fk were measured from C to be 4 mm, 3 mm, and 0 mm, respectively. Further, the portion corresponding to Gd in FIG.
- the portion corresponding to Ld in FIG. 2 is constituted by a microchannel having a width of 600 ⁇ m and a depth of 300 ⁇ m, and the pressure loss during the liquid phase circulation is concentrated on Ek-Fk in FIG. 3, that is, ⁇ P l ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P l -D was always satisfied.
- all the structures of O in FIG. 2 have a width of 600 ⁇ m.
- spherical porous silica having an average particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m was packed in the fixed bed portion of the reactor.
- 0.04 ml of water and 2.0 ml of nitrogen gas were circulated per minute from the liquid phase inlet.
- the nitrogen gas corresponds to a hydrogen introduction pipe (corresponding to the longer of the gas phase introduction pipes to each fixed bed) and an oxygen introduction pipe (corresponding to the shorter of the gas phase introduction pipes to each fixed bed). ) Supply from both sides. It was confirmed that a stable gas-liquid mixed phase flow was formed in the fixed bed portion, and that the liquid phase hardly entered the gas phase introduction part.
- an alumina-supported palladium catalyst having an average particle diameter of 50 ⁇ m (manufactured by N.E. Chemcat Co., Ltd., palladium content of 5% by weight) is 40 mm long on each fixed bed in the same manner as in Example 1. 2 is injected as an aqueous slurry through SS ′ of FIG. 2, 0.04 ml / min of a reaction solution having the same composition as in Example 1, and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (20% hydrogen). Hydrogen peroxide was produced under a pressure of 10 atm with a flow rate of 20 ml per minute at a standard state converted flow rate. Hydrogen and oxygen were supplied separately, and each gas phase was mixed for the first time in the fixed bed portion.
- the pressure difference between GO in FIG. 2 was about 0.6 atm on both the hydrogen side and the oxygen side, which almost corresponded to the pressure loss between Ak and Bk in FIG.
- the pressure difference between LO in FIG. 2 when only the same amount of water was circulated was less than 0.1 atm.
- 3.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide water was constantly obtained.
- Example 4 For the same reactor as in Example 4, the catalyst was charged in the same manner as in Example 4. The reaction solution was 0.01 ml per minute, and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (hydrogen 20%) was flowed at a standard state flow rate per minute. 11.3 ml was circulated and hydrogen peroxide was produced under a pressure of 10 atm.
- the pressure difference between GO in FIG. 2 was about 1.0 atm on both the hydrogen side and the oxygen side, which almost corresponded to the pressure loss between Ak and Bk in FIG.
- the pressure difference between LO in FIG. 2 when only the same amount of water was circulated was less than 0.1 atm. As a result of the reaction, 5.0% by weight of hydrogen peroxide water was constantly obtained.
- Example 4 About the same reactor as Example 4, it prepared by the hydrazine reduction
- support palladium catalyst the homemade: titania particle
- the pressure difference between GO in FIG. 2 was about 1.0 atm on both the hydrogen side and the oxygen side, which almost corresponded to the pressure loss between Ak and Bk in FIG.
- the pressure difference between LO in FIG. 2 when only the same amount of water was circulated was less than 0.1 atm.
- the pressure loss at the gas introduction portion was 0.1 atm, whereas the pressure loss when the water solution was passed through the fixed bed filled with porous silica was less than 0.01 atm.
- 2.7% by weight of hydrogen peroxide water was constantly obtained, and the hydrogen yield was 15.5%.
- the groove was processed into a semi-elliptical shape with a depth of 20 ⁇ m and a width of 50 ⁇ m. Drilling was performed on the fixed bed portion, the liquid phase introduction portion, and the gas-liquid mixed phase discharge portion on the plate in which the microchannel grooves of the reactor were processed by an etching method.
- the shape of the fixed floor portion was 600 ⁇ m wide and 900 ⁇ m deep.
- a drilling process is used to make a 1 mm diameter penetration process.
- these two Tempax (registered trademark) glass plates were bonded together by thermal fusion to produce a fixed bed reactor.
- the reactor design requirements were in accordance with Example 4.
- Example 6 The same titania-supported palladium catalyst having an average particle diameter of 60 ⁇ m as used in Example 6 (homemade: palladium supported amount of 1.0 weight percent) was charged in a fixed bed, and the reaction solution was 0.04 ml per minute, and Hydrogen peroxide was produced under a pressure of 10 atm by flowing a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (hydrogen 20%) at a flow rate of 40 ml per minute at a standard state converted flow rate.
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen 20%
- the pressure difference between GO in FIG. 2 was about 1.0 atm on both the hydrogen side and the oxygen side, which almost corresponded to the pressure loss between Ak and Bk in FIG.
- the pressure difference between LO in FIG. 2 when only the same amount of water was circulated was less than 0.1 atm.
- the pressure loss at the gas introduction portion was 0.1 atm, whereas the pressure loss when the water solution was passed through the fixed bed filled with porous silica was less than 0.01 atm.
- 5.6 weight percent of hydrogen peroxide water was constantly obtained, and the hydrogen yield was 17%.
- Example 7 Subsequent to the reaction of Example 7, 0.02 ml of the reaction solution per minute and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen (hydrogen 20%) at a flow rate of 40 ml per minute at a standard-state flow rate were passed under a pressure of 10 atm. Hydrogen oxide was produced. As a result of the reaction, 10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide water was constantly obtained, and the hydrogen yield was 18%.
- Comparative Example 2 A reactor similar to that in Example 4 was manufactured except that the width of the gas-phase introduction tube was changed to 200 ⁇ m and the depth was 50 ⁇ m, and a solution of water and a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen were circulated in the same manner as in Example 4. As a result, a stable gas-liquid mixed phase flow could not be formed and the reaction could not be performed. This reactor could not secure the pressure loss in the gas-phase introduction pipe, and the conditions of ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P g ⁇ d and ⁇ P g ⁇ i > 5 ⁇ P l ⁇ p in FIGS. 2 and 3 were not satisfied. .
- Comparative Example 3 A reactor similar to that of Example 4 was manufactured, except that the liquid phase introduction tube had a width of 600 ⁇ m and a depth of 50 ⁇ m, and the reaction was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 4. As a result, the liquid could not be evenly distributed and the reaction could not be performed. In this reactor, the pressure loss in the liquid phase introduction pipe could not be secured, and the condition of ⁇ P l ⁇ i > 10 ⁇ P l ⁇ d in FIGS. 2 and 3 was not satisfied.
- Comparative Example 4 Regarding the structure of O in FIG. 2, a fixed bed reactor similar to that in Example 4 was manufactured except that the width was 600 ⁇ m and the depth was 300 ⁇ m. Although an attempt was made to fill the reactor with the catalyst, the pressure loss at the outlet became large, the introduction of the slurry was difficult, and the catalyst could not be filled. This reactor did not satisfy the condition of ⁇ P 1 ⁇ p > 2.5 ⁇ Po in FIG.
- Example 3 the same reactor as in Example 3 was used, and an alumina-supported palladium catalyst (palladium supported amount: 5 wt%, manufactured by NEM Chemcat Co., Ltd.) was packed over a fixed bed portion over a length of 36 mm. did.
- the reactor was initially supplied with 1.5 ml of hydrogen per minute, 3.5 ml of nitrogen per minute (both converted to standard conditions), and 0.01 ml per minute of the reaction solution (same composition as in Example 1) over 1 hour.
- the pressure was gradually increased to 10 atm, and the reaction was carried out by switching the introduced gas from nitrogen to oxygen. The following results were obtained.
- Comparative Example 5 A fixed bed reactor similar to that of Example 1 was manufactured except that the fixed bed portion (CD in FIG. 1) was 1 mm wide and 900 ⁇ m deep. The catalyst was packed in a fixed bed over a length of 40 mm as in Example 6. Immediately after switching the introduced gas from nitrogen to oxygen, the same operation as in Example 6 was performed except that the initial hydrogen was 1.0 ml / min and nitrogen was 4.0 ml / min (both converted to standard conditions). A small explosion occurred and the microchannel ruptured from the wall and leaked, so the reaction could not be continued. This indicates that a reactor using a microchannel is indispensable for starting the reaction under a reducing atmosphere and then safely switching to the reaction atmosphere.
- Comparative Example 6 In this comparative example, the same fixed bed reactor as in Example 3 was used. The catalyst was also packed in a fixed bed portion over a length of 36 mm. When the reduction and reaction were carried out by the same operation as in Example 6, the following results were obtained.
- the reaction was stopped by switching the hydrogen gas to nitrogen and further reducing the pressure.
- pretreatment was performed using a gas having the same composition as when the reaction was stopped, that is, in a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen, and the reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 6. The following results were obtained. Obtained. The decrease in the hydrogen peroxide concentration and the hydrogen yield indicates that the catalyst has been deactivated by performing the reaction stop / start operation in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the present invention relates to a fixed bed gas-liquid mixed phase reactor and a gas-liquid mixed phase reaction method using the same, and by using the gas-liquid mixed phase reactor comprising the microchannel of the present invention, It is possible to safely handle a mixed gas containing hydrogen and oxygen having an explosive composition while controlling the flow rate.
- the gas-liquid contact interface is increased, so that the mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase is made more efficient than conventional reactors. Can do.
- concentration of hydrogen peroxide obtained in conventional reactors was as low as 0.2 weight percent, in the reactor of the present invention, for example, the hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1.0 weight percent or more on a regular basis.
- the present invention provides a new fixed-bed gas-liquid multiphase reactor using microchannels that makes it possible to produce hydrogen peroxide safely and constantly under an explosion condition with a hydrogen content of 20 to 50%. It is useful as providing new technology.
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Abstract
Description
1)固定床の断面積、気相・液相導入配管の圧力損失、液相を固定床反応器に流通した際の圧力損失、及び2列以上の固定床が並列にある場合にあっては、気相・液相の各固定床への分配部分と各固定床から出口に向かって合流する部分において所定の条件を満たすように形成した配管の太さ構造及び/又は同条件を満たすように形成した気液混相の形成を促進する充填物構造を有する反応器を構築すること、
2)マイクロチャンネルを用いて、水素と酸素から過酸化水素を直接合成する際に、反応開始操作を還元雰囲気下にて行い、次いで、水素及び酸素の共存下で過酸化水素の直接合成反応を行い、最後に還元雰囲気で反応を停止することで、著しく反応効率、具体的には水素収率が上昇すること、及び過酸化水素の濃度が上昇すること、
を見出し、本発明を完成した。
1)気相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0001~0.05の範囲であり、かつ液相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0003~0.3の範囲である
2)ΔPl-i>10ΔPl-d、かつΔPg-i>10ΔPg-d
3)ΔPl-p>2.5ΔPO
4)ΔPg-i>5ΔPl-p
前記並列な2カ所以上の固定床において、おのおのに気液が均等に分配される充填物構造を有すること、を特徴とする固定床反応器、である。
本発明は、気液混相反応を行う固定床反応器であって、マイクロチャンネルで構成された配管構造を有し、固定床の断面積が、0.0001cm2~0.008cm2であり、当該固定床、並びに気相導入部、及び液相導入部を有し、気相導入部の配管の圧力損失をΔPg、液相を液相導入部を介して固定床反応器に流通した際の圧力損失をΔPlとして、気液混相反応条件において、ΔPg>5ΔPlとなる条件を満たすように形成した配管の太さ構造及び/又は同条件を満たすように形成した気液混相の形成を促進する充填物構造を有することを特徴とするものである。
本発明は、気液混相反応を行う固定床反応器において、マイクロチャンネルで構成された配管構造を有し、0.0001cm2~0.008cm2の断面積を有する、並列な2カ所以上の固定床を有し、当該固定床のほかに、気相分配部、固定床に対する気相導入部、液相分配部、固定床に対する液相導入部、充填物導入部、及び流体合流部を有することを特徴とするものである。本発明において、固定床は、通常、数列ないし10数列に並列化するが、並列化する固定床の列数は、2カ所、あるいはそれ以上の任意の範囲で適宜設定することができる。
1)気相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0001~0.05の範囲であり、かつ液相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0003~0.3の範囲である
2)ΔPl-i>10ΔPl-d、かつΔPg-i>10ΔPg-d
3)ΔPl-p>2.5ΔPO
4)ΔPg-i>5ΔPl-p
1)気相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0001~0.05の範囲であり、かつ液相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0003~0.3の範囲である
2)ΔPl-i>10ΔPl-d、かつΔPg-i>10ΔPg-d
3)ΔPl-p>2.5ΔPO
4)ΔPg-i>5ΔPl-p
(1)マイクロチャンネルを用いて、安定、かつ定常的に、気液混相反応を行うことを可能とする、気相から液相への物質移動の高効率化などの反応成績を向上させることができる新しい固定床気液混相反応器を提供することができる。
(2)当該マイクロチャンネルが並列化されることにより生産性が強化された新しい固定床気液混相反応器を提供することができる。
(3)本発明のマイクロチャンネルからなる気液混相反応器を用いることにより、爆発組成の水素及び酸素を含有する混合気体を、流量を制御しつつ、かつ安全に取り扱うことが可能となる。
(4)マイクロチャンネル中に触媒を充填した固定床を有することで、気液の接触界面を増大させることにより、気相から液相への物質移動を、従来の反応器に比べて、高効率化することができる。
(5)従来の反応器で得られる過酸化水素の濃度は、0.2重量パーセントの低い値にとどまるが、本発明の反応器では、例えば、定常的に、1.0重量パーセント以上の過酸化水素水が得られる。
(6)従来の反応器に比べて、気相かつ液相への物質移動を、10~100倍の高効率で行うことができる。
(7)従来技術では、水素分圧を4%以下に絞った条件で反応を行うことが限界であったが、本発明では、水素含有率が20~50%という爆発条件下で、安全かつ定常的に、過酸化水素を製造することが可能となる。また、水素分圧を4%以下に絞った条件で反応を行う場合においても、更に、安全性を保証できる。
(8)マイクロチャンネルを用いることにより、爆発のリスクを回避でき、かつ触媒を還元雰囲気に保つことで、触媒の活性を保持することができる。
(9)反応を開始時より定常的に行うことができ、水素の過剰消費による、触媒の異常加熱及び触媒の酸化雰囲気への暴露を防ぎ、熱/触媒成分の流出による触媒劣化を抑制できる。
本比較例では、気相導入部もすべてドリル加工したことを除き、実施例1と同様の手順により反応器を製作した。このとき、気相導入管は幅200μm、深さ50μmとした。
また、図2のGdに相当する部分は幅1mm、深さ300μmのマイクロチャンネルにより構成し、気相流通時の圧力損失が図3のAk-Bkに集中する、すなわちΔPg-i>10ΔPg-dが常に成立するようにした。また、図2のLdに相当する部分は幅600μm、深さ300μmのマイクロチャンネルにより構成し、液相流通時の圧力損失が図3のEk-Fkに集中する、すなわちΔPl-i>10ΔPl-dが常に成立するようにした。一方、図2のOの構造に関しては、すべて幅600μmとした。触媒はすべてDk(kは1~nまでの自然数。本実施例においてn=4)まで充填されるようにし、固体が合流部分に流出しないような配慮を行いつつ、固定床出口直後の深さが300μmであるのに対し、統合された出口部分においてチャンネル深さを600μm以上として、ΔPl-p>2.5ΔPoが液相流通時に成り立つようにした。
気相導入管の幅を200μm、深さ50μmとした以外は実施例4と同様の反応器を製造し、実施例4と同様に、水の溶液並びに水素及び酸素の混合気体を流通させた。その結果、安定な気液混相流を形成できず、反応も遂行できなかった。本反応器は、気相導入管における圧力損失を確保できず、図2及び図3のΔPg-i>10ΔPg-d、及びΔPg-i>5ΔPl-pの条件が満たされなかった。
液相導入管を幅600μm、深さ50μmとした以外は実施例4と同様の反応器を製造し、実施例4と同じ条件で反応評価を行った。その結果、液が均等に分配できず、やはり反応が遂行できかった。本反応器は、液相導入管における圧力損失を確保できず、図2及び図3のΔPl-i>10ΔPl-dの条件が満たされなかった。
図2のOの構造に関しては、すべて幅600μm、深さ300μmとした以外は実施例4と同様の固定床反応器を製造した。本反応器に触媒を充填しようとしたが、出口の圧力損失の大きくなり、スラリーの導入が困難であり、触媒を充填できなかった。本反応器は、図2のΔPl-p>2.5ΔPoの条件を満たさなかった。
固定床部分(図1におけるC-D)について、幅1mm、深さ900μmとした以外は実施例1と同様の固定床反応器を製造した。固定床中に実施例6と同様触媒を40mmの長さに渡って充填した。該反応器に当初水素を毎分1.0ml、窒素を毎分4.0ml(いずれも標準状態換算)とした以外は実施例6と同じ操作を行い、導入ガスを窒素から酸素に切り替えた直後に小規模な爆発が起き、マイクロチャンネルが壁面より破裂し、漏れを生じたため、反応を継続することができなかった。このことは、マイクロチャンネルを用いた反応器が、反応開始を還元雰囲気下で行い、次いで、反応雰囲気に切り替える操作を安全に行ううえで、必須であることを示している。
本比較例では、実施例3と同様の固定床反応器を用いた。触媒も固定床部分に36mmの長さに渡って充填した。実施例6と同様の操作により還元及び反応を行ったところ、下記の成績を得た。
G 気相入り口
L 液相入り口
Gd 気相分配部
Ld 液相分配部
S-S’ 充填物導入部
Ck-Dk(k:1~n) 固定床部分
Ak-Bk(k:1~n) 気相導入部分
Ek-Fk(k:1~n) 液相導入部分
fgk k番目の固定床に導入される気相流
flk k番目の固定床に導入される液相流
fg+l-k k番目の固定床中を流通する気液混相流
ΔPg-d 気相分配部の圧力損失
ΔPl-d 液相分配部の圧力損失
ΔPO 液相のみを反応器に流通した際に合流部(O)において生じる圧力損失
O 流体合流部
G+L 気相と液相の混相流出口
(図3の符号)
Ck-Dk(k:1~n) 固定床部分
Ak-Bk(k:1~n) 気相導入部分
Ek-Fk(k:1~n) 液相導入部分
fgk k番目の固定床に導入される気相流
flk k番目の固定床に導入される液相流
fg+l-k k番目の固定床中を流通する気液混相流
ΔPg-ik 気相導入部の圧力損失
ΔPl-ik 液相導入部の圧力損失
ΔPl-pk 固定床に液相のみを流通したときに生じる圧力損失
Claims (15)
- 気液混相反応を行う固定床反応器において、マイクロチャンネルで構成された配管構造を有し、固定床の断面積が、0.0001cm2~0.008cm2であり、当該固定床、並びに気相導入部、及び液相導入部を有し、気相流通した際の気相導入部の配管の圧力損失をΔPg、液相を液相導入部を介して固定床反応器に流通した際の圧力損失をΔPlとして、気液混相反応条件において、ΔPg>5ΔPlとなる条件を満たすように形成した配管の太さ構造及び/又は同条件を満たすように形成した気液混相の形成を促進する充填物構造を有することを特徴とする固定床反応器。
- 気液混相反応を行うマイクロチャンネルで構成された配管構造を有する固定床反応器において、0.0001cm2~0.008cm2の断面積を有する、並列な2カ所以上の固定床を有し、当該固定床のほかに、気相分配部、固定床に対する気相導入部、液相分配部、固定床に対する液相導入部、充填物導入部、及び流体合流部を有すること、前記気相分配部及び気相導入部の配管の圧力損失を、それぞれΔPg-d及びΔPg-iとし、前記液相分配部及び液相導入部の配管の圧力損失を、それぞれΔPl-d及びΔPl-iとし、並列化された固定床に液相を流通した際の圧力損失のうち、固定床部の圧力損失をΔPl-p、固定床の後段の流体合流部に液相を流通したときの圧力損失をΔPOとして、下記1)~4)の条件がすべて満たされること、
1)気相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0001~0.05の範囲であり、かつ液相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0003~0.3の範囲である
2)ΔPl-i>10ΔPl-d、かつΔPg-i>10ΔPg-d
3)ΔPl-p>2.5ΔPO
4)ΔPg-i>5ΔPl-p
前記並列な2カ所以上の固定床において、おのおのに気液が均等に分配される充填物構造を有すること、を特徴とする固定床反応器。 - 気相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.0002~0.02の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 液相導入部の断面積/固定床の断面積が、0.001~0.1の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 気相導入部の配管の断面積/液相導入部の配管の断面積が、1以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 固定床の断面積が、0.0008cm2~0.008cm2である、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 充填物が、触媒である、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 固定床に充填した触媒が、パラジウム、金、及び/又は白金の元素を含有している、請求項1又は2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の固定床反応器を使用して気液混相反応を行う方法において、単独又は並列化されたおのおののマイクロチャンネル内において、気相の線速度が0.01m/s~10m/s、及び液相の線速度が10-5m/s~10-2m/sの条件で、固定床反応器を運転して、気液混相反応を行うことを特徴とする気液混相反応方法。
- 水素と酸素から過酸化水素を直接合成する際に、反応の開始を還元雰囲気下にて行い、次いで、水素及び酸素の共存下で過酸化水素の直接合成反応を行い、最後に還元雰囲気で反応を停止する、請求項9に記載の気液混相反応。
- パラジウムを含有する触媒及び/又は他の金属触媒をマイクロチャンネルに充填した後、適量の水素ガス又は水素と窒素の混合ガスをマイクロチャンネルに通気して、触媒表面及びマイクロチャンネル内を十分に還元雰囲気にしてから、反応を開始する、請求項10に記載の反応方法。
- 反応停止時には、合成反応を完全に終了した後、適量の水素ガス又は水素と窒素の混合ガスをマイクロチャンネルに通気して、触媒表面及びマイクロチャンネル内を十分に還元雰囲気にしてから、停止する、請求項10に記載の反応方法。
- 気相が、酸素及び/又は水素を含有する、請求項9に記載の反応方法。
- 液相が、水及び/又は水酸基を含有する有機化合物を主成分とする、請求項9に記載の反応方法。
- 液相の主成分が、水及び/又はアルコールである、請求項119に記載の反応方法。
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JP2010533834A JP6051452B2 (ja) | 2008-10-15 | 2009-10-15 | 固定床気液混相反応器及びそれを用いた気液混相反応法 |
US13/124,228 US8632729B2 (en) | 2008-10-15 | 2009-10-15 | Fixed bed mixed gas/liquid phase reactor and mixed gas/liquid phase reaction process using the same |
EP09820449.8A EP2343119B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 | 2009-10-15 | Fixed bed mixed gas/liquid phase reactor and mixed gas/liquid phase reaction process using the same |
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JP2014028343A (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-13 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | マイクロ反応器における外部配管の接合方法並びに該方法により接合された接合構造を有するマイクロ反応器、そのバンドル並びにモジュール構造 |
JP2014526961A (ja) * | 2011-07-19 | 2014-10-09 | ヴェロシス インコーポレイテッド | マイクロチャネルリアクタ及び製作工程 |
JP2021502351A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-01-28 | ファンダシオン テクナリア リサーチ アンド イノベイション | 2,3−ブタンジオールの連続製造方法 |
JP7262292B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2023-04-21 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 情報提供方法、圧力損失推定算出装置、圧力損失推定プログラム、及びコンピュータの非一時的可読記録媒体 |
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JP2014028343A (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-13 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | マイクロ反応器における外部配管の接合方法並びに該方法により接合された接合構造を有するマイクロ反応器、そのバンドル並びにモジュール構造 |
JP2021502351A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2021-01-28 | ファンダシオン テクナリア リサーチ アンド イノベイション | 2,3−ブタンジオールの連続製造方法 |
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JP7262292B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2023-04-21 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 情報提供方法、圧力損失推定算出装置、圧力損失推定プログラム、及びコンピュータの非一時的可読記録媒体 |
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US8632729B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
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EP2343119B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
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