WO2010035746A1 - 光学シートの製造方法、光学シート、および当該光学シートを含む光源ユニット、表示装置 - Google Patents
光学シートの製造方法、光学シート、および当該光学シートを含む光源ユニット、表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035746A1 WO2010035746A1 PCT/JP2009/066525 JP2009066525W WO2010035746A1 WO 2010035746 A1 WO2010035746 A1 WO 2010035746A1 JP 2009066525 W JP2009066525 W JP 2009066525W WO 2010035746 A1 WO2010035746 A1 WO 2010035746A1
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- roll
- optical sheet
- sheet
- optical
- resin
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/06—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with cylindrical or toric faces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00278—Lenticular sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
- G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical sheet having a precise surface shape for exhibiting functionality.
- the present invention relates to an optical sheet, in which a precise surface shape manufactured by the manufacturing method significantly affects the performance, a light source unit including the optical sheet, and a display device.
- Thermoplastic resins are widely used as materials for wood, metal, glass and the like from the viewpoints of heat resistance, impact resistance, weight, easiness of processing and the like.
- sheet materials are widely used as materials for roof materials, exterior materials such as outer wall materials, interior materials such as top plates and inner wall materials, outdoor billboards, etc. in which wood, metal, etc. were conventionally used.
- transparent thermoplastic resins are excellent in heat resistance, impact resistance and transparency, so that the sheet material is an optical material replacing glass, such as window materials and other building materials, impact resistant transparent materials for automobile windows, It is widely used in pressure-resistant transparent materials of large aquariums.
- thermoplastic resin sheet is not only glossy and smooth but also has an embossed tone with a fine uneven pattern or a two-dimensional or three-dimensionally regular uneven pattern. It is common to carry out continuous shaping using a transfer roll during extrusion molding.
- thermoplastic resin sheet in a softened state by melting it to a metal embossing roll formed with a pattern and a shape in which the concavities and convexities are reversed in order to sufficiently exhibit the original design performance on the outer peripheral surface. It is shaped by transferring the pattern of the roll to a sheet. Examples of specific disclosure include the following patent documents.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of manufacturing an optical sheet having no appearance defects such as corrugation, thickness unevenness and wrinkles as a whole by adjusting the temperature of a thermoplastic resin to be extruded.
- Patent Document 2 in the method of manufacturing a surface-formed resin sheet in which at least one surface is surface-shaped by extrusion molding, accurate unevenness is formed by adjusting the temperature of the die and the resin temperature just before the surface formation. It is disclosed that things are possible.
- Patent Document 3 in the method of producing a polycarbonate resin sheet having at least both surfaces formed by extrusion molding, the surface shape can be efficiently transferred to both surfaces by adjusting the temperature of the die and the temperature of each cooling roll. Is disclosed.
- variation in a thickness difference of retardation are adjusted by adjusting the circumferential speed of a 2nd roll and a 3rd roll. It is disclosed that less and optically suitable sheets can be obtained.
- thermoplastic resin after being discharged from the die is downstream of the peripheral speed of the second roll (mold roll) adjacent to the first roll (nip roll) and downstream of the third roll (peel roll) which is subsequently contacted. It is disclosed that by adjusting the peripheral speed of the provided take-up roll (draw roll), surface shaping can be efficiently performed, and warpage of the entire sheet is eliminated to obtain an optically suitable sheet. .
- thermoplastic resin after being discharged from the die adjusts the peripheral speed of the first roll (mirror surface roll) and the peripheral speed of the second roll (molding roll) which is subsequently contacted, and It is disclosed that fine surface shaping can be performed more efficiently than setting a mirror surface roll to three rolls.
- JP 2003-245966 A Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 10-180846 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-190917 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-236914 JP 2007-216481 A JP, 2006-130901, A
- an optical sheet having surface shaping for example, an optical element having a high shaping ratio, a pitch of 200 ⁇ m or less with high thickness accuracy
- the continuous production by the extruder of the present invention, the solution means for adjusting the resin temperature of the thermoplastic resin during extrusion molding described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, and the extrusion molding in the contents described in Patent Documents 4 to 5 It is unattainable with the method of adjusting the circumferential speed of the hour roll.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method of manufacturing an optical sheet with a surface shape which solves the problems of the prior art described above and sufficiently exhibits the original design performance. Moreover, it aims at provision of the optical sheet produced by such a manufacturing method, a light source unit using the optical sheet, and a display apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical sheet surface-shaped using a forming roll that is surface-processed so that the optical element is formed into a sheet.
- the manufacturing method of the optical sheet is characterized in that the peripheral speed Vb is 103 to 130% of the peripheral speed Va. provide.
- the optical element in the first embodiment, is shaped substantially parallel to the take-up direction, and the cross section is convex or convex arc-shaped and the cross section is concave or concave
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an optical sheet, which is a substantially wedge-shaped optical element in which a plurality of concave arc-shaped valleys and a plurality of concave portions are alternately arranged substantially in parallel.
- the distance between the top and the top of the substantially wedge-shaped optical element or the distance between the valley and the valley is 200 ⁇ m or less.
- a method of manufacturing an optical sheet is provided.
- the optical sheet manufactured in this manner exhibits excellent performance as an optical sheet, in particular, since the molding of the surface is transferred with the shape as designed optically with high reproducibility.
- a light source unit and a display device using the optical sheet also exhibit excellent performance.
- the take-up direction is the traveling direction of the sheet, that is, the sheet longitudinal direction.
- the present invention it is possible to efficiently manufacture an optical sheet that sufficiently exhibits the original design performance.
- the optical sheet of the present invention manufactured in this manner exhibits excellent performance as an optical sheet, in particular, since the shape of the surface is transferred as the optical design.
- a light source unit and a display device using the optical sheet also exhibit excellent performance.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical sheet provided on at least one side with a precise optical element (pitch: 200 ⁇ m or less) for exhibiting functionality.
- the optical sheet of the present invention (in the present invention, "sheet” and “film” are used synonymously, both indicate a resin molded product having a thickness of 0.05 to 5 mm. Hereinafter, they are collectively referred to as "sheet”).
- the manufacturing method can be applied to any of the thermoplastic resins conventionally used in the manufacture of sheets. Specific examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, containing alicyclic structure Polymer resin etc. are mentioned. Details will be described later.
- a sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin extruded from an extruder is passed through a gap between two rolls, a first roll and a second roll, and rolled sheet-like melt thermoplastic
- a step of obtaining a resin, a step of causing the rolled sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin to be circumscribed in that order to the second roll and then a third roll, and then the sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin The manufacturing method which has a process of taking over by a taking over roll can be adopted preferably.
- any of a single-screw type, a twin-screw type, and a multi-screw type having two or more shafts may be used. It is preferable to provide a vent to remove oligomers during polymerization, low molecular weight compounds generated during molding, and oxygen and water dissolved in the extruder.
- the degree of vacuum of the vent is preferably 500 hectopascal or less, more preferably 200 hectopascal or less. From the viewpoint of thickness accuracy and shaping of the substantially wedge-shaped lens, it is preferable to use a gear pump in order to discharge the melt-kneaded material quantitatively.
- a multilayer extruder can be used.
- a feed block system or a multi manifold system may be used.
- the above-mentioned extruder can be suitably used as an extruder used for multilayers.
- the T-die it is essential to use the choke bar method in order to ensure the stability during continuous production. From the viewpoint of thickness accuracy, it is preferable to use a screw type bending lip or a heat bolt type bending lip. It is also possible to use an automatic T-die with a heat bolt type bending lip fed back from an on-line thickness measuring machine, a bank monitor or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin extruded from a die (1) of an extruder passed through a gap between two rolls of a first roll (2) and a second roll (3) and rolled A step of obtaining a sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin, and a step of bringing the rolled sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin into contact with the second roll (3) and then to the third roll (4) Then, the manufacturing method which has a pair of taking-out rolls (5a, 5b) for peeling and transferring the surface-shaped sheet-like molten thermoplastic resin from the 3rd roll (4) is shown.
- the first roll (2) is an important roll for determining the thickness of the sheet, a specular roll, not a surface-treated roll, is preferably used. If the thickness accuracy is insufficient due to the influence of the linear pressure, a drum-shaped crowning roll can be used.
- the second roll (3) is a mirror surface roll for producing a smooth surface, an embossing roll for transferring a mat, emboss, etc., and, if necessary, a roll for shaping an optical element.
- One is selected. These may be suitably used according to the purpose, but especially for the purpose of preventing scratching of the sheet and more efficient light diffusion of the back light, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is about 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m. It is preferable to use a roll of matted or embossed pattern, and in particular, an embossed roll produced by a bead blasting method can be suitably used.
- the third roll (4) is a forming roll (see FIGS. 2 and 3) that has been surface-processed so that the optical element can be formed into a sheet.
- the object of the present invention is to obtain an optical sheet having precise optical shaping on at least one side, and therefore, the second roll (3) and the third roll (4) are respectively constituted by mirror rolls and embossing rolls only. There is no choice of combination. 2 and 3 show a forming roll capable of forming a substantially elliptical wedge-shaped optical element into a sheet.
- the setting position of the take-up roll may be set anywhere as long as the thermoplastic resin sheet is sufficiently cooled so that the thermoplastic resin sheet is not deformed when coming into contact with the take-up roll.
- the pressure on the surface of the sheet may be deformed by the pressure between the two take-up rolls, or the entire sheet may be set at a position where deformation of an appearance defect such as warpage or waviness does not occur.
- the take-up roll may be made of any material as long as it does not damage the uneven shape of the resin material and is unlikely to cause slip of the roll. For example, a material having a surface with a rubber hardness of 60 to 90 degrees specified by JIS K6301 can be adopted.
- the surface shape of the take-up roll may be any shape as long as take-up can be performed without deformation of the surface shape formed by the first, second, and third rolls and without any trouble in traveling such as slip.
- the take-off roll may or may not be capable of adjusting the circumferential speed.
- one capable of adjusting the peripheral speed independently of the first roll, the second roll, and the third roll is selected.
- the peripheral speed of the take-off roll is usually 0.3 m / min to 30 m / min, and the most preferable range is 0.5 m / min to 20 m / min.
- the peripheral speed is usually set from the viewpoint of the productivity of the sheet.
- the peripheral speed ratio to the take-up roll is preferably 98-125%, more preferably 100-115%, in order to enhance the formability. Is preferred. If the peripheral speed ratio is smaller than this range, the take-off property from the third roll is deteriorated and the molded product is likely to be undulated to lose its original purpose, which is not preferable. It is not preferable because a flow mark may occur.
- the take-off roll one that can be temperature-controlled independently of the first roll, the second roll, and the third roll is preferably selected.
- the preferable range of the temperature of the take-off roll is Tg-50 ° C. to Tg + 30 ° C., and more preferably Tg-30 ° C. to Tg + 10 ° C. If the temperature is lower than this range, slip marks may occur between the take-off roll and the optical sheet, and warping or wrinkling of the molded product may occur, and if it is high, the sheet may be separated from the third roll. It may decrease or swell in the molded product. In addition, the sheet adheres to the take-off roll, and the plate thickness and the surface accuracy may decrease, which is not preferable.
- the take-off roll arrangement position and conditions may be set so that peeling of the sheet from the third roll and traveling of the sheet to the take-up roll become smooth, and adjustment is performed by a known method Can do.
- the form of the arrangement of the first to third rolls is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 1, and, for example, the form shown in (a) to (c) of FIG. 5 can also be taken.
- any of vertical arrangement, horizontal arrangement, oblique arrangement and polygonal arrangement may be used.
- the forming may be performed from any of the upper middle roll gap and the lower middle roll gap.
- the peripheral velocity of the first roll is determined from the viewpoint of the amount of thermoplastic resin discharged from the die, the stable sheet traveling through the entire process, and the productivity.
- the preferred range of the peripheral velocity of the first roll is 0.3 m / min to 30 m / min, and the most preferred range is 0.5 m / min to 20 m / min.
- the circumferential speeds of the second and third rolls are preferably 102 to 104% and 100 to 110%, respectively, with respect to the circumferential speed of the first roll.
- t1: t2 100: 60 to 100, and further 100: 70. It is more preferable to set to -95.
- the second bank is likely to be generated between the second roll and the third roll, and streak-like defects or wrinkles are generated in the molded product, and further, It may be difficult to balance the plate thickness accuracy and the transferability, which is not preferable. If it is large, the pressing force by the third roll may be insufficient, and the transfer may be insufficient, which is not preferable.
- the peripheral velocity Va of the third roll (4) is determined from the viewpoint of the amount of thermoplastic resin discharged from the die, the stable sheet traveling through the entire process, and the productivity,
- the circumferential velocity Vb of 5a, 5b) is determined from the viewpoint of stable surface shaping.
- the settings of the peripheral velocity Va and the peripheral velocity Vb are preferably such that the peripheral velocity Vb is set to 103 to 130% of the peripheral velocity Va, more preferably 104 to 125%, and still more preferably 105 to 120%. If the setting of the peripheral speeds Va and Vb is out of this range, for example, if it is smaller than 103%, the sheet is slackened, peeling from the third roll, etc. becomes difficult, and the sheet winds around the roll.
- the transfer of the optical element type formed on the roll surface is incomplete, and it is not preferable because an optical sheet having the designed optical characteristics can not be obtained. Further, if it is more than 130%, the tension between the third roll and the take-up roll is increased to cause unreasonable peeling, and the resin wrinkles adhere to the third roll, which is not preferable because the sheet is torn. Further, the optical element type formed on the roll surface is dislocated in the width direction, and the optical performance of the finished sheet is not as designed, which is not preferable.
- the temperatures of the first to third rolls are adjustable, and these temperatures are selected according to the thermoplastic resin used in the present invention.
- the temperature of each roll is set lower than the discharge temperature of the thermoplastic resin from the die.
- the discharge temperature is controlled by the temperature of the die.
- the temperature setting (Td) of the die is Tg + 100 ° C. to Tg + 150 ° C., more preferably Tg + 110 ° C., where Tg (° C.) is the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin mainly forming during molding. It is -Tg + 130 ° C.
- the temperature T1 of the first roll is Tg-50 ° C. to Tg + 20 ° C., more preferably Tg-30 ° C. to Tg + 10 ° C. If the temperature of the first roll is lower than this range, the shapeability of the lens shape in the third roll is deteriorated, which is not preferable. In addition, there is a high possibility of occurrence of an operation failure due to the sheet being wound around the first roll, appearance waves such as distortion of a surface wave, and the like, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is higher than this range, the occurrence of flow marks and the possibility that the formed sheet may be wound around the first roll is not preferable.
- the set temperature T2 of the second roll is Tg + 20 ° C. to Tg + 60 ° C., more preferably Tg + 30 ° C. to Tg + 50 ° C., and still more preferably Tg + 40 ° C. to Tg + 50 ° C.
- the set temperature T3 of the third roll to be a forming roll is Tg + 20 ° C. to Tg + 60 ° C., more preferably Tg + 30 ° C. to Tg + 50 ° C., still more preferably Tg + 40 ° C. to Tg + 50 ° C.
- the set temperature T4 of the fourth roll is preferably set to Tg-50 ° C.
- the sheet may wrap around the roll, which may cause an operation failure, transfer of the optical element may be incomplete, and the surface of the finished sheet may have waves, distortion, etc. It is not preferable that the failure may cause optical performance failure.
- the roll temperature in the present invention refers to the temperature of the roll that can be measured.
- the temperature that can be measured includes the surface temperature of the roll or the temperature of the heat medium used to control the temperature of the roll, but from the viewpoint of operation, the temperature of the heat medium used to control the temperature of the roll is preferably used.
- the thickness of the sheet is not particularly limited, it is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, and still more preferably 2 mm or less from the viewpoint of use as an optical sheet.
- the first roll, the second roll, and the third roll may be any material that does not cause deformation or the like even if it is heated or cooled until the thermoplastic resin forming the sheet can be adjusted to a moldable temperature.
- metal is often used.
- Each of these rolls can be independently adjusted to an arbitrary temperature by a heat medium, a heater or the like, and the number of revolutions of the rolls also needs to be independently adjusted.
- the take-up roll may be made of any material as long as it does not damage the uneven shape of the resin material and is unlikely to cause slippage of the roll.
- a material having a surface with a rubber hardness of 60 to 90 degrees specified by JIS K6301 can be adopted. If the roll surface uses such a rubber hardness take-up roll, the uneven shape of the resin material is not impaired, and the slip of the roll is less likely to occur, and a sheet can be efficiently produced.
- the surface shape of the take-up roll may be any shape as long as take-up can be performed without deformation of the surface shape formed by the first, second, and third rolls and without any trouble in traveling such as slip. The number of revolutions of the roll can be adjusted independently of each take-up roll, the first to third rolls.
- the temperature of the take-up roll may be adjustable. Although it is preferable to set the sheet surface temperature of the take-up roll to Tg or less, preferably Tg to 30 ° C. or less, temperature adjustment may not be performed.
- a roll for adjusting the travel of the sheet may be provided appropriately between the third roll and the take-up roll.
- thermoplastic resin constituting the optical sheet according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent and has an appropriate strength as a main component of the optical sheet.
- polycarbonate resin acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate
- styrene resin such as polystyrene, polyvinyl toluene, poly (p-methylstyrene); MS resin (copolymer of methyl methacrylate and styrene); norbornene resin
- poly Alilate resin; polyether sulfone resin; ring structure-containing polymer resin; and two or more of these mixed resins may be used.
- a polycarbonate resin a styrene resin, a norbornene resin, or a ring structure-containing polymer resin is used.
- polycarbonate resins are particularly preferable as resins for optical sheets because they are excellent in transparency, heat resistance, and processability, and have a good balance between them.
- a ring structure-containing polymer resin is excellent in optical performance, this is also particularly preferable as a resin for an optical sheet.
- the polycarbonate resin is obtained by reacting dihydric phenol with a carbonate precursor by an interfacial polycondensation method or a melting method.
- dihydric phenol include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane [common name bisphenol A], 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxy) Phenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis Examples thereof include (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone and the like, among which bisphenol A is preferable.
- These dihydric phenols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Carbonyl halides, carbonate esters or haloformates are used as the carbonate precursor, and specific examples include phosgene, diphenyl carbonate or dihaloformates of dihydric phenol.
- the polycarbonate resin When producing the polycarbonate resin by reacting the above dihydric phenol with the carbonate precursor by the interfacial polycondensation method or the melting method, it is necessary to prevent the oxidation of the catalyst, the terminator, and the dihydric phenol, if necessary.
- An antioxidant or the like may be used.
- the polycarbonate resin may be a branched polycarbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional aromatic compound or a polyester carbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing an aromatic or aliphatic difunctional carboxylic acid, Moreover, the mixture which mixed 2 or more types of obtained polycarbonate resin may be sufficient.
- polycarbonate resin used for this invention it is preferable to use polycarbonate resin obtained by the interfacial polycondensation method (general name; phosgene method). Direct sheet extrusion of a polycarbonate resin which does not melt-process the resin such as an extruder or a kneader is more preferable because it is possible to prevent discoloration due to heat history.
- interfacial polycondensation method generally name; phosgene method
- the molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is usually 15,000 to 40,000, preferably 18,000 to 35,000 in terms of viscosity average molecular weight.
- the viscosity average molecular weight referred to in the present invention is obtained by inserting the specific viscosity ( ⁇ sp) obtained from a solution of 0.7 g of a polycarbonate resin dissolved in 100 ml of methylene chloride at 20 ° C. into the following equation.
- Polycarbonate resins include other components other than the above components as long as the purpose and effect are not impaired, for example, thermal stabilizers such as phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphite esters, phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, triazoles UV absorbers such as acetophenone and salicylic acid esters, bluing agents, low molecular weight polycarbonates of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A, flame retardants such as decabromodiphenylene ether, and flame retardant aids such as antimony trioxide Additives such as, etc. may be blended, if necessary, in an amount that produces the effect.
- thermal stabilizers such as phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphite esters, phosphate esters, phosphonate esters, triazoles UV absorbers such as acetophenone and salicylic acid esters, bluing agents, low molecular weight polycarbonates of tet
- the phosphorus-containing heat stabilizer can prevent the decrease in molecular weight and the deterioration of hue during molding.
- Specific examples of the phosphorus-containing heat stabilizer include phosphite compounds such as triphenyl phosphite, phosphate compounds such as tributyl phosphate, and bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -biphenyl phosphonite And phosphone compounds such as dimethyl benzenephosphonate, etc., among which tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-) and the like can be mentioned. Butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylenediphosphonite and bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -biphenylphosphonite are preferred.
- heat stabilizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the heat stabilizer used is preferably 0.001 to 0.15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polycarbonate resin.
- a fatty acid ester compound can be added to the polycarbonate resin for the purpose of improving the releasability from the mold at the time of molding.
- a fatty acid ester a partial or whole ester of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a saturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- stearic acid monoglyceride As partial esters or whole esters of such monohydric or polyhydric alcohols with saturated fatty acids, stearic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid diglyceride, stearic acid triglyceride, stearic acid monosorbate, behenic acid monoglyceride, pentaerythritol monostearate, pentaerythritol Tetrastearate, pentaerythritol tetrapelragonate, propylene glycol monostearate, stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, butyl stearate, methyl laurate, isopropyl palmitate, biphenyl biphenate, sorbitan monostearate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate And the like, and among them, stearic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid triglyceride, pentaeryth Tall tetrastea
- thermoplastic resin which comprises the optical sheet of this invention ring structure containing polymer resin can also be used conveniently.
- a thermoplastic acrylic copolymer having a ring structure in the main chain is preferable.
- the main chain contains a ring structure and a structure derived from a (meth) acrylate monomer.
- the total content ratio of structural units derived from (meth) acrylate monomers and the content ratio of ring structures is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass, particularly in the copolymer.
- 95% by mass or more most preferably 99% by mass or more.
- positive birefringence refers to a refractive index anisotropy such that the refractive index in the same direction increases when molecular orientation is achieved by stretching a polymer molecular chain that is a component of the film.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer constituting the ring structure-containing polymer resin include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, t (Meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters such as -butyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate; benzyl (meth) acrylate; chloromethyl (meth) acrylate 2-chloromethyl (meth) acrylate; dicyclopentanyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate; dicyclopentanyl (meth) acrylate; 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; 3,4,5 penta hydroxyhex
- monomers other than (meth) acrylate monomers may be used.
- styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -hydroxyethyl styrene; acrylonitrile; methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, Olefins such as propylene and 4-methyl-1-pentene; vinyl acetate; allyl alcohols such as methallyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-butene; unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid Carboxylic acids; 2- (hydroxyalkyl) acrylic acid esters such as methyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate and ethyl 2- (hydroxymethyl) acrylate; N-vinylpyrrolidone; N-vinylcarbazole and the like.
- One of these monomers may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- N-substituted maleimide such as phenyl maleimide, benzyl maleimide, cyclohexyl maleimide, methyl maleimide and the like and maleic anhydride
- a structure may be introduced, or a lactone ring structure, a glutaric anhydride structure, a glutarimide structure, a ring structure derived from N-substituted maleimide, etc. may be introduced into the main chain by cyclization reaction after polymerization. .
- a lactone ring structure is included in the main chain from the viewpoint of low coloring and excellent optical characteristics. are particularly preferred.
- thermoplastic acrylic copolymer having a ring structure in its main chain For example, the process for producing an acrylic resin containing a lactone ring structure is described in JP-A-2006-96960, JP-A-2006-171464 and JP-A-2007-63541. Further, with regard to a thermoplastic acrylic copolymer obtained by copolymerizing N-substituted maleimide and a thermoplastic acrylic copolymer containing a glutaric anhydride structure or a glutarimide structure, it is disclosed in JP-A 2007-31537, WO 2007 / The production methods described in JP-A-26659, WO 2005/108438, etc. may be used.
- the lactone ring structure of the main chain may be a 4- to 8-membered ring, but a 5- to 6-membered ring is more preferable, and a 6-membered ring is more preferable, from the viewpoint of the stability of the structure.
- the lactone ring structure of the main chain is a six-membered ring
- the structure represented by the general formula (1) or JP-A 2004-168882 may be mentioned, but before introducing the lactone ring structure into the main chain
- the point of synthesizing a polymer of the above is that the polymerization yield is high, that a polymer having a high content ratio of lactone ring structure can be easily obtained, and that the copolymerizability with (meth) acrylates such as methyl methacrylate is good. It is preferable that it is a structure represented by following General formula (1).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the organic residue may contain an oxygen atom.
- the content of the ring structure in the copolymer is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 12% by mass, most preferably Is 5 to 10% by mass. If the content of the ring structure is more than 15% by mass, the positive birefringence is increased, which is not preferable. By having the ring structure, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and surface hardness are improved.
- the Tg of the thermoplastic acrylic copolymer is preferably 110 ° C. or more.
- the temperature is more preferably 115 ° C. or more, still more preferably 120 ° C. or more.
- the upper limit of Tg is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of moldability.
- the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic acrylic copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 300,000, more preferably 50,000 to 300,000, still more preferably 100,000 to 250,000, particularly preferably , 120,000 to 200,000.
- the thickness of the optical sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, and still more preferably 2 mm or less from the viewpoint of use as an optical sheet.
- the light diffusion layer may be uniformly or randomly dispersed in the entire optical sheet, only the lens portion, the whole other than the lens portion, only the light emitting surface surface layer, only the light incident surface surface layer, or the intermediate layer.
- light diffusive particles are dispersed in a thermoplastic resin, and light is diffused in a predetermined direction.
- the thickness of the light diffusion layer can be appropriately adjusted according to the thickness of the optical sheet, and is not particularly limited, but usually, it can be about 0.005 mm or more and 5 mm or less. If it is less than 0.005 mm, the light diffusion function can not be sufficiently exhibited. If it exceeds 5 mm, the upper limit of the thickness of the optical sheet of the present invention is exceeded, and the whole device may not be compact.
- the optical sheet of the present invention may have light diffusing particles.
- the material of the light diffusing particles include synthetic resins such as (meth) acrylic resins, styrene resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, silicone resins, fluorine resins, and copolymers thereof; glass; Examples include clay compounds such as smectite and kaolinite; and inorganic oxides such as silica and alumina.
- synthetic resins such as (meth) acrylic resins, styrene resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, silicone resins, fluorine resins, and copolymers thereof
- glass examples include clay compounds such as smectite and kaolinite; and inorganic oxides such as silica and alumina.
- (meth) acrylic resins, silicone resins and silica are particularly preferable.
- the amount of light diffusing particles used is preferably 0.005 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin constituting the optical sheet. Part or less.
- the amount used is less than 0.005 parts by mass, the light incident on the optical sheet may not be sufficiently diffused to exert the expected effect of containing the fine particles.
- the amount used exceeds 20 parts by mass, extrusion molding of the optical sheet may become difficult, or the amount of transmitted light may decrease, and the luminance may decrease.
- the preferred amount used is the preferred amount in the light diffusion layer.
- the thermoplastic resin of the light diffusion layer may be the same as or different from the thermoplastic resin constituting the optical sheet other than the light diffusion layer.
- ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene as a raw material monomer for crosslinking in addition to the above monomers
- Multifunctional (meth) acrylates such as glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, bishydroxyethyl bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate; divinyloxyethoxy (meth) ) Radically polymerizable crosslinking agents such as acrylate, diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinyl benzene; bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1 type of polyfunctional epoxy compounds such as pentyl glycol diglycidyl ether; polyfunctional isocyanate compounds such as toly
- the refractive index of the light diffusing particle is different from the refractive index of the thermoplastic resin constituting the optical sheet or the light diffusing layer.
- organic fine particles having the same refractive index are used, light is not refracted and the uniformity of luminance can not be sufficiently improved.
- the refractive index of the resin varies depending on the type, the type of the resin constituting the light diffusing particle and the thermoplastic resin may be different.
- crosslinkable particles and non-crosslinkable particles can be mixed and used.
- thermoplastic resin constituting the light diffusing particles or the optical sheet of the present invention may further contain an antioxidant.
- the antioxidant can suppress coloring of the optical sheet and the light diffusing particles due to oxidation and deterioration during heat molding, so that the luminance of the light source unit to which the optical sheet of the present invention is applied can be more reliably exhibited. .
- antioxidant conventionally known ones can be used.
- the use amount of the antioxidant may be appropriately adjusted, but generally, about 0.05 parts by mass or more and 0.3 parts by mass or less may be added to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin or the light diffusing particles.
- a lens group is formed as an optical element on at least one surface of the optical sheet of the present invention.
- the lens in the present invention is an independent lens such as a prism, a certain length, an isosceles triangle, an isosceles triangle, a part of an ellipse, a part of a circle, and a parabola curve.
- a substantially wedge-shaped lens having a cross-sectional shape such as a part or a composite of these shapes may be mentioned, and it is a lens that can diffuse or collect incident light in a certain field of view.
- the substantially wedge-shaped lens is a lens in which the cross-sectional shape continuously extends in the sheet longitudinal direction (take-up direction).
- the shape of one lens is not particularly limited as long as it can diffuse light in the sheet width direction (direction orthogonal to the sheet longitudinal direction); ), Pyramidal lenses such as triangular pyramids, pentagonal pyramids, hexagonal pyramids, cones, etc., or a pyramid, a hemisphere, a rugby ball such as those obtained by cutting the vicinity of the apexes of these pyramids with a plane parallel to the bottom Examples include hemispheric bulbs and the like cut along the axis.
- the cross-sectional shape of the substantially wedge-shaped lens is not particularly limited as long as it can diffuse light in the sheet width direction (direction orthogonal to the sheet longitudinal direction), for example, isosceles triangle, isosceles triangle, part of a circle, A portion of an ellipse, a parabola, a rectangular lower portion and a semicircular upper portion can be mentioned (see FIG. 6).
- the apex angle of the isosceles triangle can be 60 ° or more and 120 ° or less.
- the central angle of a part of the circle is not limited to 180 °, and it may be adjusted so that light can be diffused in a certain direction.
- the lenses do not necessarily have to have the same shape, and as shown in FIG. 7, the heights of the peaks and / or the depths of the valleys may be different, or they may be periodic at different intervals. It does not matter. Based on each optical design, the optical element may be surface-shaped accurately.
- the top and the valley of the optical element may not have a certain height and depth, but the optical element is correctly transferred with a certain degree of fine shape, and the sheet High optical performance can not be exhibited unless the surface is shaped.
- the surface shape in which the accurate transfer effect of the present invention appears is that in the lens shape and arrangement, the average gap between the peak and the peak or the average gap between the valley and the valley (so-called lens pitch) is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is in the range of 30 to 160 ⁇ m, and this setting can be accurately transferred to the sheet to enhance the uniformity of the optical performance.
- the average value of the length (so-called lens height) of the perpendicular drawn from the top to the straight line connecting the adjacent valleys is the average gap between the top and the peak or the average gap between the valley and the valley.
- the range of 0.2: 1.0 to 0.8: 1.0 is preferable, and the range of 0.3: 1.0 to 0.7: 1.0 is more preferable in enhancing the optical properties.
- a plurality of lenses are formed on at least one surface of the optical sheet of the present invention. Although adjacent lenses may be spaced, preferably they are adjacent without spacing to enhance light diffusion efficiency. Also, the lens may be formed on the entire length of the optical sheet, but the end may be left flat for fixing with other members.
- the resin that constitutes the lens may be the same as the resin that constitutes the optical sheet, and although the lens part and the resin other than the lens part may be different, they are usually the same resin.
- the light diffusing particles (crosslinked organic fine particles and the like) similar to those dispersed in the light diffusing layer may be dispersed also in the thermoplastic resin constituting the lens.
- the major axis direction of the light diffusing particles (such as crosslinked organic fine particles) is preferably substantially the same as the longitudinal direction of the optical sheet. It shall be.
- an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, and a near infrared absorber can be used within the range that does not impair the gist of the present invention.
- the layer containing the ultraviolet absorber, the layer containing the antistatic agent, or both the ultraviolet absorber-containing layer and the antistatic agent-containing layer be formed on the surface set on the light source side. That is, a layer having an action other than the light dispersing action may be formed on at least one side of the optical sheet (light diffusion layer).
- the ultraviolet absorber-containing layer is preferably provided at least on the light source-facing surface side of the first optical sheet, but both in terms of retention of functions in various installation environments of light source devices and storage environments of members, and life extension It may be provided on the surface.
- the antistatic agent-containing layer may be provided only on one side or both sides of the first optical sheet.
- the entire first optical sheet may be the antistatic agent-containing layer or the ultraviolet light absorber-containing layer.
- UV absorber and the antistatic agent conventionally known ones can be used.
- a UV absorber salicylic acid phenyl ester type UV absorber; benzophenone type UV absorber; triazine type UV absorber; benzotriazole type UV absorber; cyclic imino ester type UV absorber; intramolecular hindered phenol structure and Hybrid UV absorbers having a hindered amine structure; triphenyl cyanoacrylate UV absorbers; oxalic acid anilide UV absorbers; malonic acid ester UV absorbers; low molecular weight UV absorbers such as UV absorbers and low molecular weight UV absorbers
- a polymeric UV absorber for example, Hals Hybrid (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.
- Hals Hybrid registered trademark
- triphenyl cyanoacrylate type ultraviolet absorbers are preferable because they absorb less light in the visible light region.
- oxalic acid anilide type ultraviolet absorbers and a malonic acid ester type ultraviolet absorber are more preferable.
- alkylsulfonic acid, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, olefin based sulfuric acid esters such as Li, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn salts or metal salts thereof; anionic surface active agents such as phosphates of higher alcohols Agents; cationic surfactants such as tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, cationic acrylic acid ester derivatives, cationic vinyl ether derivatives, etc .; amphoteric salts of alkylamine-based betaines, amphoteric salts of carboxylic acid alanine or alanine sulfonic acid, Amphoteric surfactants such as amphoteric salts of alkyl imidazolines; nonionic surfactants such as fatty acid polyhydric alcohol esters, polyoxyethylene adducts of alkyl (amines); and polyamide elastomers such as polyether ester amides and polyester amides Door can be
- the use amount of the ultraviolet absorber and the antistatic agent can be appropriately adjusted according to each function, but usually, it is about 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting each layer.
- a layer having a function different from these light diffusion functions is a sheet in which an ultraviolet absorber and an antistatic agent are uniformly dispersed in the same thermoplastic resin as the light diffusion layer, and is attached onto an optical sheet by thermocompression bonding or an adhesive. It may be adhered.
- a paste containing a UV absorber or the like may be applied onto the optical sheet and then dried or cooled.
- the thermoplastic resin containing the light diffusing agent and the thermoplastic resin containing the ultraviolet absorber or the antistatic agent may be co-extruded.
- the thickness of these layers may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with each function or the like, but can usually be about 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the size and shape of the optical sheet of the present invention are not particularly limited, and may be adjusted to, for example, the size and shape of the liquid crystal display device. By doing so, it is possible to construct a light source unit having excellent optical characteristics. Further, by combining the light source unit of the present invention with the liquid crystal panel in the usual way, it is possible to construct a liquid crystal display device excellent in optical performance.
- Production Example 4 An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as Production Example 1 except that the first roll temperature was 125 ° C., the second roll temperature was 197 ° C., and the third roll temperature was 193 ° C.
- the peripheral speed of the take-up roll is 2.3 m / min, the first roll temperature 135 ° C., the second roll temperature 191 ° C., the third roll temperature 191 ° C., and the temperature is not adjusted between the third roll and the take-up roll
- An operation for manufacturing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as in Production Example 3 except that a take-off roll not adjusting the circumferential speed was installed.
- Production Example 7 An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as Production Example 6 except that the temperature of the take-off roll was 130 ° C.
- Comparative Production Example 3 An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as Production Example 1 except that the peripheral speed of the take-up roll was 3.0 m / min.
- the first and third rolls were mirror-polished rolls, and the second roll was engraved so that a substantially elliptical wedge-shaped lens with a lens pitch of 100 microns and a lens height of 60 microns can be formed (direction of lens ridge line
- An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as in Production Example 1 except that engraving was performed so as to be parallel to the rotational direction of the roll.
- Reference Production Example 2 An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as Production Example 1 except that the first roll temperature was 155 ° C., the second roll temperature was 210 ° C., and the third roll temperature was 210 ° C.
- Reference Production Example 3 An operation for producing an optical sheet was performed under the same conditions as Production Example 1 except that the first roll temperature was 125 ° C., the second roll temperature was 145 ° C., and the third roll temperature was 165 ° C.
- the lens pitch and the lens height are measured by SEM photography at the central part in the width direction of the obtained optical sheet, the lens height / lens pitch of the optical sheet is calculated, and the value is used as a mold (Engraving) It was performed by dividing by the lens height / lens pitch of the roll.
- the lens pitch of the optical sheet obtained by Example 1 is 98.5 microns
- the lens height is 48.3 microns
- the lens pitch of a mold (engraving) roll is 100 microns
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- ⁇ About thickness accuracy The thickness is measured using a micrometer with a total of five locations of the center, 25 cm to the left and right of the center, and 50 cm to the left and right of the center in the TD (Transverse Direction: horizontal axis: width direction) direction of the obtained optical sheet base plate It measured by calculating
- ⁇ About warpage> After leaving a 1000 mm ⁇ 1000 mm sheet cut out from the obtained optical sheet original plate on a platen installed in a room with a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 60% for 1 h, the platen and The gap (warpage) of the was measured with a gauge. If the warpage is less than 2 mm, ⁇ ; if 2 mm or more and less than 3 mm, ⁇ ; if it is 3 mm or more, x.
- Optical performance was measured by the following method.
- a backlight portion mounted on a thin liquid crystal television (WOOO UT-32-HV700) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. is taken out and used as a light source for luminance measurement.
- Each optical sheet obtained according to the manufacturing example and the comparative manufacturing example is cut to a size that can be incorporated into the light source ( ⁇ the direction of the ridge line of the substantially elliptical wedge-shaped lens is parallel to the long side direction of the sheet; ie back light The cold cathode tube and the direction in which the ridge lines of the substantially elliptical wedge-shaped lens are parallel), and the lens surface was mounted on the backlight with the light source facing away from the light source.
- one 32-inch prism sheet (UTE-30; manufactured by MN Tech) and one microlens sheet (UTE-21; manufactured by MN Tech)
- UTE-21 manufactured by MN Tech
- the present invention it is possible to efficiently manufacture a surface-shaped optical sheet capable of sufficiently exhibiting its original design performance.
- the optical sheet of the present invention manufactured in this manner exhibits excellent performance as an optical sheet, in particular, because the shaping of the roll surface is transferred as the optical design.
- a light source unit and a display device using the optical sheet also exhibit excellent performance.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の光学シートの製造方法は、押出機から押し出されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を、第1ロール及び第2ロールの2本のロールの間隙を通過させ、圧延されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を得る工程と、前記圧延されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を、そのまま第2ロールに、次いで3本目の第3ロールに順に外接させて移送する工程と、続いてシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を引き取りロールにより引き取る工程を有する製造方法を好ましく採用することができる。
本発明の図1を例に、前記実施形態を実施するための本発明のロールの配置について説明する。図1は、押出機のダイ(1)から押し出されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を、第1ロール(2)及び第2ロール(3)の2本のロールの間隙を通過させ、圧延されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を得る工程と、前記圧延されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を、そのまま第2ロール(3)に、次いで3本目の第3ロール(4)に順に外接させて移送する工程と、続いて表面賦型されたシート状溶融熱可塑性樹脂を第3ロール(4)から剥離して、移送するための一対の引き取りロール(5a、5b)を有する製造方法を示している。
まず第1ロールの周速度は、ダイからの熱可塑性樹脂の吐出量と全工程を通した安定したシートの走行、そして生産性の観点から決定される。第1ロールの周速度の好ましい範囲は0.3m/分~30m/分、最も好ましい範囲は0.5m/分~20m/分である。
図1の実施形態を選択する場合、第1~第3ロールの温度は調節可能であり、これらの温度は本発明で使用する熱可塑性樹脂樹脂によって選択される。一般に、第1~第3ロールは、シートを成型すると同時に、熱可塑性樹脂を冷却することを目的としている為、各ロールの温度はダイからの熱可塑性樹脂の吐出温度より低く設定される。
本発明において、第1ロール、第2ロール、第3ロールは、シートを形成する熱可塑性樹脂を成型可能な温度まで調整できるまで加熱、冷却しても変形等を生じない材料であればよく、通常は金属がよく用いられる。これらのロールは、それぞれ独立して熱媒、ヒーター等で任意の温度に調節可能であり、また、ロールの回転数もそれぞれ独立して、調整可能である必要がある。
本発明に係る光学シートを構成する熱可塑性樹脂は、透明なものであり且つ光学シートの主な構成要素として適度な強度を有するものであれば特に制限されない。例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂;ポリメチルメタクリレートなどのアクリル系樹脂;ポリスチレン、ポリビニルトルエン、ポリ(p-メチルスチレン)などのスチレン系樹脂;MS樹脂(メチルメタクリレートとスチレンの共重合体);ノルボルネン系樹脂;ポリアリレート樹脂;ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂;環構造含有重合体樹脂;これらのうち2種以上の混合樹脂などを用いることができる。好適にはポリカーボネート樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ノルボルネン系樹脂、または環構造含有重合体樹脂を用いる。中でもポリカーボネート樹脂は、透明性や耐熱性、加工性に優れており、且つそれらのバランスがよいので光学シート用の樹脂として特に好ましい。また、環構造含有重合体樹脂は光学性能に優れているので、これもまた、光学シート用の樹脂として特に好ましい。
ηsp/c=[η]+0.45×[η]2c
[η]=1.23×10-4M0.83
(但しc=0.7、[η]は極限粘度)
本発明の光学シートの厚みに特に制限はないが、光学シートとして使用する点から、5mm以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは3mm以下であり、さらに好ましくは2mm以下である。また、透明樹脂のみで構成されていても良いが、光拡散性を調整する為に、光拡散層を設けても良い。光拡散層は、光学シート全体、レンズ部のみ、レンズ部以外全体、出光面表層のみ、入光面表層のみあるいは、中間層に均一、あるいはランダムに分散させてよい。光拡散層は、光拡散性の粒子が熱可塑性樹脂中に分散されているものであり、光を所定の方向に拡散させる。
本発明の光学シートは、光拡散性粒子を有するものであってもよい。光拡散性粒子の材質としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、これらの共重合体などの合成樹脂;ガラス;スメクタイト、カオリナイトなどの粘土化合物;シリカ、アルミナなどの無機酸化物;などが挙げられる。これらの材質のうち、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、シリカが特に好適である。
本発明の光学シートの少なくとも一方の表面には、光学要素としてレンズ群が形成されている。本発明におけるレンズとは、プリズムのように1個1個が独立したレンズや、ある程度の長さと、二等辺三角形、不等辺三角形、楕円形の一部分、円の一部分、放物曲線で囲まれた一部分、あるいはこれらの形状の複合化したものといった断面形状を有する略畝状レンズが挙げられ、入射光を一定の視野各内に拡散または集光できるレンズをいう。なお、略畝状レンズとは、シート長手方向(引き取り方向)に上記断面形状が連続して伸びるレンズである。
本発明の光学シートでは、紫外線吸収剤・帯電防止剤・滑剤・近赤外線吸収剤を本発明の主旨を損なわない範囲で用いることができる。特に、光源側に設定される面において、紫外線吸収剤を含む層、帯電防止剤を含む層、或いは紫外線吸収剤含有層と帯電防止剤含有層の両方が形成されていていることが好ましい。即ち、光学シート(光拡散層)の少なくとも片面側に光分散作用以外の作用を有する層が形成されていてもよい。紫外線吸収剤含有層は、少なくとも、第一の光学シートの光源対向面側に設けることが好ましいが、様々な光源装置の設置環境や部材の保存環境における機能の保持、延命の観点からは、両表面に設けてもよい。同様に、帯電防止剤含有層は第一光学シートの片面にのみ設けても、両面に設けても構わない。また第一光学シート全体が帯電防止剤含有層や紫外線吸収剤含有層であってもよい。これらの光拡散機能とは異なる機能を有する層は、発光体から発せられる紫外線を低減して光学シートの着色を抑制したり、また、帯電を抑制して粉塵の付着による輝度低下を抑制したり、電子デバイスの寿命を延ばしたりするといった機能を本発明の光学シートに付与するものである。
<製造例1>
ポリカーボネート樹脂(「ユーピロン(登録商標)E2000FN」:三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製、ガラス転移点(Tg)=150℃)100部と、リン系熱安定剤(「イルガフォス(登録商標)168」:チバ・ジャパン社製)0.1部、オキサゾール系蛍光増白剤(「ユビテックス(登録商標)OB」:チバ・ジャパン社製)0.003部とを、ベントとギアポンプ付きで、3本のロールを図1の構成で有するシート押出機に供給し、押出機出口温度265℃、第1ロール温度140℃、第2ロール温度188℃、第3ロール温度193℃で、ダイス幅1150mm、厚さ1.2mmの光学シートの押出成形を行った。なお第1・第2ロールは鏡面フラットロールを使用し、第3ロールはレンズピッチが100ミクロン、レンズ高さが50ミクロンの略楕円畝状レンズが賦型出来るように彫刻されたロール(レンズ稜線の方向がロールの回転方向に対し平行となるように彫刻)を使用した。第3ロールの周速は2.0m/分、引き取りロールの周速は2.06m/分として、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を2.6m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を2.3m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第1ロール温度125℃、第2ロール温度197℃、第3ロール温度193℃とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第1ロール温度135℃、第2ロール温度191℃、第3ロール温度191℃とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を2.3m/分、第1ロール温度135℃、第2ロール温度191℃、第3ロール温度191℃とし、第3ロールと引き取りロールの間に、温度を調節せず、周速度も調節しないテイクオフロールを設置した以外は、すべて製造例3と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
テイクオフロールの温度を130℃とした以外は、すべて製造例6と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
テイクオフロールの周速度を2.3m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例7と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第2ロールにマットロール(算術表面粗さRa=4.0μm)を使用した以外は、すべて製造例4と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第2ロールにエンボスロール(算術表面粗さRa=0.25μm)を使用した以外は、すべて製造例4と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を2.0m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を2.8m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
引き取りロールの周速を3.0m/分とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第1・第3ロールは鏡面ロールを使用し、第2ロールにレンズピッチが100ミクロン、レンズ高さが60ミクロンの略楕円畝状レンズが賦型出来るように彫刻されたロール(レンズ稜線の方向がロールの回転方向に対し平行となるように彫刻)を使用した以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第1ロール温度155℃、第2ロール温度210℃、第3ロール温度210℃とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
第1ロール温度125℃、第2ロール温度145℃、第3ロール温度165℃とした以外は、すべて製造例1と同一条件で、光学シートを製造するための運転を行った。
6時間の連続運転について、最初の設定条件から微調整をくわえずに安定運転が出来たものを○、微調整を加えて安定運転が可能だったものを△、微調整を加えるまでもなく運転障害が出て止まってしまったものを×として評価した。結果は表1にまとめた。
賦型率の測定は、得られた光学シートの幅方向の中心部分でレンズピッチ及びレンズ高さをSEM撮影により測定し、光学シートのレンズ高さ/レンズピッチを算出し、その値を金型(彫刻)ロールのレンズ高さ/レンズピッチで除することにより行った。例えば実施例1により得られた光学シートのレンズピッチは98.5ミクロン、レンズ高さは48.3ミクロンであり、金型(彫刻)ロールのレンズピッチは100ミクロン、レンズ高さは50ミクロンであるから、(賦型率)=(48.3/98.5)×100/(50/100)=98(%)となる。この値が100に近いほど賦型性が良いと判断される。結果は表1にまとめた。
均一性の測定は、得られた光学シートの幅方向に9ポイントのサンプルを採取し、それぞれのレンズピッチをSEM撮影により測定し、最小値/最大値の比を測定することにより行った。例えば実施例1により得られた光学シートの最小レンズピッチは98.0ミクロン、最大レンズピッチは99.2ミクロンであるので、(均一性)=(98.0/99.2)×100=99(%)となる。この値が100に近いほど賦型性が良いと判断される。結果は表1にまとめた。
厚みの測定は、得られた光学シート原板のTD(Transverse Direction:横軸:幅方向)方向について、センター、センターの左右25cm、及びセンターの左右50cmの計5箇所の厚みをマイクロメータを用いて測定し、最大厚みと最小厚みの差を求め、それを5箇所の厚みの平均値で除する事により行った。例えば、実施例1により得られた光学シートの最大厚みと最小厚みの差は0.03mm、5箇所の厚みの平均値は1.19mmであるから、(厚み精度)=(0.03/1.19)×100=2.5(%)となる。この値が小さいほど、厚み精度は良いと判断される。結果は表1にまとめた。
得られた光学シート原板から切出された1000mm×1000mmのシートを気温23℃-湿度60%の室内に設置された定盤の上に1h放置した後に、水平に置いた状態で、定盤との隙間(反り)をゲージで測定した。反りが2mm未満のものを○、2mm以上3mm未満のものを△、3mm以上あるものは×とする。
光学性能は、以下の方法にて測定した。(株)日立製作所製の薄型液晶テレビ(WOOO UT-32-HV700)に装着されているバックライト部分を取り出し、輝度測定用の光源とした。製造例及び比較製造例により得られた各光学シートを前記光源に組み込み可能な大きさにカットし(※略楕円畝状レンズの稜線方向はシートの長辺方向と平行になる方向;すなわちバックライトの冷陰極管と略楕円畝状レンズの稜線が平行となる方向)、レンズ面が光源と反対向きとなるようにしてバックライトに装着した。その上に、32インチサイズのプリズムシート(UTE-30;MN Tech社製)を1枚、マイクロレンズシート(UTE-21;MN Tech社製)1枚を、いずれもレンズ面が光源と反対向きとなるように拡散板上に配設した。
輝度=(甲+乙)/2
輝度ムラ(%)=|甲-乙|*100/輝度
2:第1ロール
3:第2ロール
4:第3ロール(表面賦型ロール)
5a:引き取りロールa
5b:引き取りロールb
6:テイクオフロール
Claims (6)
- 光学要素がシートに賦型されるように表面加工された賦型ロールを用いて表面賦型される光学シートの製造方法において、賦型ロールの周速度をVaとし、引き取りロール(ドローロール)の周速度をVbとしたとき、周速度Vbを周速度Vaの103~130%にすることを特徴とする光学シートの製造方法。
- 光学要素が、引き取り方向と略平行に賦型され、かつ、横断面が凸状または凸弧状の頂部と横断面が凹状または凹弧状の谷部とが交互に略平行に多数配列された略畝状光学要素である請求項1記載の光学シートの製造方法。
- 略畝状光学要素の頂部と頂部の間隔、あるいは谷部と谷部の間隔が、200μm以下である請求項2に記載の光学シートの製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で作製されたことを特徴とする光学シート。
- 請求項4記載の光学シートを用いたことを特徴とする光源ユニット。
- 請求項5記載の光源ユニットを用いたことを特徴とする表示装置。
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JP2012030591A (ja) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 表面形状転写樹脂シートの製造方法 |
JP2012030584A (ja) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 表面形状転写樹脂シートの製造方法 |
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JP2005099371A (ja) * | 2003-09-24 | 2005-04-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | レンチキュラーレンズシートおよびその製造方法 |
JP2007216481A (ja) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Fujifilm Corp | 樹脂シートの製造方法及び装置 |
JP2007240686A (ja) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-20 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 光拡散シート、その製造方法及び透過型スクリーン並びに背面投射型表示装置 |
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JP2005099371A (ja) * | 2003-09-24 | 2005-04-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | レンチキュラーレンズシートおよびその製造方法 |
JP2007216481A (ja) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Fujifilm Corp | 樹脂シートの製造方法及び装置 |
JP2007240686A (ja) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-20 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 光拡散シート、その製造方法及び透過型スクリーン並びに背面投射型表示装置 |
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JP2012030591A (ja) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 表面形状転写樹脂シートの製造方法 |
JP2012030584A (ja) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-02-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 表面形状転写樹脂シートの製造方法 |
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