WO2010031246A1 - 角度位置传感器 - Google Patents

角度位置传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010031246A1
WO2010031246A1 PCT/CN2009/001029 CN2009001029W WO2010031246A1 WO 2010031246 A1 WO2010031246 A1 WO 2010031246A1 CN 2009001029 W CN2009001029 W CN 2009001029W WO 2010031246 A1 WO2010031246 A1 WO 2010031246A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air gap
position sensor
angular position
rotor core
sensor according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001029
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王春健
张舜
陈雁
邓裕
许博客
Original Assignee
联合汽车电子有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 联合汽车电子有限公司 filed Critical 联合汽车电子有限公司
Priority to US13/119,482 priority Critical patent/US8766627B2/en
Priority to EP09813967.8A priority patent/EP2330379B1/en
Publication of WO2010031246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010031246A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor device, and more particularly to an angular position sensor device having a wide linear range and good linearity. Background technique
  • angular position sensors are widely used in automotive and other electromechanical control fields, and the improvement of linear range and linearity has been the subject of research in the field.
  • a more common type of angular position sensor utilizes a magnetic induction element to detect a change in the magnetic field and thereby transform it into an electrical signal output corresponding to the angular position.
  • a large number of researchers have conducted extensive research and obtained various magnetic circuit design schemes.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an angular position sensor which has a simpler manufacturing process and a lower production cost while ensuring good linearity.
  • the present invention provides an angular position sensor including a rotor core and a stator core coaxially disposed around the rotor core, wherein: the rotor core and the stator core have a first air gap; A second air gap is disposed in the rotor core, and a hard magnet is disposed in the second air gap; a third air gap is disposed in the stator core, and a magnetic flux sensing element is disposed in the third air gap.
  • the first air gap is an annular air gap with a uniform sentence distribution, and is along the core diameter of the rotor
  • the dimension in the direction of the direction is referred to as the width of the first air gap.
  • a ratio of a width of the first air gap to a diameter of the rotor core is greater than or equal to 1:
  • the second air gap is linearly formed along a certain diameter direction of the rotor core, and the dimension of the second air gap along the diameter direction is referred to as a length thereof, and the second air gap is The dimension of the radial direction of the rotor core is called its width.
  • the ratio of the length to the width of the second air gap is greater than or equal to 5:1.
  • the second air gap is filled with a hard magnet.
  • a ratio of a width of the first air gap to a width of the second air gap is greater than or equal to 2:1.
  • the second air gap is parallel to the diameter and located on one side of the diameter.
  • the second air gap includes a first portion and a second portion that are parallel to the diameter and are located on both sides of the diameter.
  • a hard magnet is disposed in each of the first portion and the second portion, and magnetic poles of the hard magnetic body are disposed in the same direction.
  • the second air gap is located at the diameter.
  • the second air gap is provided with two hard magnets symmetrically about the rotor core, and the magnetic poles of the two hard magnets are arranged in the same direction.
  • a hard magnet is disposed in the middle of the second air gap.
  • the second air gap comprises three portions uniformly distributed in three radial directions of the rotor core, and a first hard magnet and a second hard magnet are respectively disposed in the two portions.
  • the magnetic poles of the first hard magnet and the second hard magnet are disposed in opposite directions.
  • the second air gap is located at a certain diameter of the rotor core and has a fusiform design.
  • the rotor core includes a plurality of rotor portions, and the second air gap is formed between adjacent rotor portions.
  • stator core includes a plurality of stator portions, and the third air gap is formed between adjacent stator portions.
  • the rotor core and the stator core are made of a soft magnetic material.
  • the present invention utilizes a combination of a hard magnetic body and a rotor core to replace the design of the ring magnet in the prior art, and achieves good linearity over a wide range.
  • the magnetic flux density at the magnetic flux sensing element can be linearly related to the rotation angle over a wide range, thereby obtaining a wider linear range and better linearity, and increasing The flexibility of the rotor core and stator core construction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor core 1 and the first air gap 3 of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an angular position provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the magnetic induction intensity and the rotation angle obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the angular position sensor includes a rotor core 1 and a stator core 2 coaxially disposed around the rotor core 1, and a first air gap 3 is formed between the rotor core 1 and the stator core 2.
  • the rotor core 1 has a second air gap 10 therein to provide a hard magnet 12 therein, so that the hard magnet 12 and the rotor core 1 and the stator core 2 together constitute a magnetic circuit.
  • a third air gap 20 is formed in the stator core 2, and the magnetic flux sensing element 4 is disposed therein to measure the magnetic flux and convert it into an electrical signal.
  • the hard magnet 12 and the rotor core 1 and the stator core 2 together form a magnetic circuit, so that the distribution of the external magnetic field of the rotor core 1 and the effect of using a ring magnet to form a magnetic circuit
  • the results are similar. Further research has found that the size of the first air gap 3 relative to the rotor core 1 will affect the magnetic field distribution, that is, the linear range and linearity of the angular position sensor, which will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor core 1 and the first air gap 3 in FIG.
  • the first air gap 3 is an annular air gap uniformly distributed, and the dimension in any radial direction of the rotor core 1 is referred to as the width H of the first air gap, which often determines the first air.
  • the size of the gap 3 (regardless of the thickness of the rotor core 1); and a certain diameter D of the rotor core is shown in the drawing, which often determines the size of the rotor core 1 (regardless of the thickness of the rotor core 1).
  • the distribution of the external magnetic field of the rotor core 1 can meet the needs in the case where the ratio of the width H of the first air gap to the diameter D of the rotor core is greater than or equal to 1:5, that is, it is obtained in a wide range. Good linearity. Further research has found that as the above ratio increases, the linearity of the angular position sensor is better, but the magnetic field strength is weaker. Therefore, in practical applications, those skilled in the art can set according to requirements, usually the ratio is less than 1: 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows the magnetic field distribution diagram of the angular position sensor in the above embodiment.
  • the magnetic lines of force passing through the third air gap 20 i.e., where the magnetic flux sensing element 4 (see Fig. 1) is located are evenly distributed (as shown in the dotted circle).
  • the rotor core 1 rotates relative to the stator core 2, and the hard body 12 also rotates with the rotor core 1; thereby, the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic flux sensing element 4 is increased or decreased.
  • the intensity of the change of the magnetic flux is substantially linear with the angle of rotation of the rotor core 1 with respect to the stator core 2.
  • the rotor core 1 and the stator core 2 are composed of a plurality of soft magnetic materials in order to form an air gap therebetween.
  • the rotor core 1 is composed of two pieces of soft magnetic material, and the design is relatively simple. Of course, three or more pieces may be selected as long as the external magnetic field distribution satisfies the requirements. Please refer to Figure 1 for details.
  • the rotor core 1 is composed of two rotor portions 11 and 13, with a second air gap 10 formed therebetween, and a hard magnet 12 is filled in the second air gap 10.
  • the stator core 2 is made of three soft magnetic materials, that is, three stator portions 21, 23, and 25, so that a third air gap 20 is formed between adjacent two sub-portions, and the magnetic flux is transmitted.
  • the sensing element 4 is fixed in the third air gap 20.
  • the number of stator portions is not limited thereto, and may be two or more than three, so that two or more magnetic flux sensing elements 4 are correspondingly disposed, as needed, without affecting The essence of the invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • its rotor core la is composed of three rotor portions 11a, 13a and 15a, thereby forming a second air gap between adjacent two rotor portions.
  • the second air gap includes a first portion 102 and a second portion 104 which are parallel to the diameter Da and are located on both sides of the diameter Da, and the first portion 102 and the second portion 104 are provided with hard magnets 121a and 123a.
  • the magnetic poles of the hard magnets 121a and 123a are arranged in the same direction (for example, the N poles of the hard magnets 121a and 123a are both perpendicular to the paper surface, and the S poles are all perpendicular to the paper surface; or vice versa), and the rotor The core la and the stator core 2a together constitute a magnetic circuit. Further, the stator core 2a is constituted by two stator portions 21a and 23 so as to form a third air gap 20a therebetween, as shown, correspondingly, the two magnetic flux sensing elements 4a are placed in the third air gap 20a.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the rotor core lb is composed of two symmetrical rotor portions lib and 13b, that is, the second air gap 10b is located at the diameter Db.
  • a hard magnet 12b is provided at an intermediate position of the second air gap 10b to constitute a magnetic circuit together with the rotor core lb and the stator core 2b.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, it is basically the same as the configuration of the rotor core lc and the stator core 2c and the third embodiment, the only difference being the arrangement of the hard magnets in the second air gap 10c, that is, the two air holes 10c are provided with two hard magnets 12c. It is symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of the rotor core 1c, and its magnetic poles are disposed in the same direction to form a magnetic circuit together with the rotor core lc and the stator core 2c. '
  • the second air gap is linearly formed along a certain diameter direction of the rotor core, such as: the second air gap in the first embodiment and the second embodiment is parallel to a certain diameter of the rotor core;
  • the third and fourth embodiments are located at a certain diameter of the rotor core. It has been found that the size of the hard magnet has a certain influence on the linearity of the angular position sensor, that is, the slender the hard magnet, the better the linearity of the angular position sensor.
  • the size of the hard magnet can be set by the size of the second air gap.
  • the dimension of the second air gap in the above-described diameter direction is referred to as its length, and the dimension of the second air gap in the radial direction of the rotor core is referred to as its width.
  • the first embodiment is taken as an example.
  • the second air gap 10 is parallel to the diameter D of the rotor core and located on one side of the diameter D, and the dimension along the diameter direction X is called
  • the length L which is the dimension in the radial direction Y of the rotor core, is referred to as its width S.
  • the ratio of the length L to the width S of the second air gap 10 is greater than or equal to 5:1, that is, the linearity of the angular position sensor when the aspect ratio of the hard magnet 12 is greater than or equal to 5:1 in this cross section. Degree can meet the requirements.
  • the greater the aspect ratio of the hard magnetic material the better the linearity of the angular position sensor, but due to the limitations of the actual production process, the ratio can meet the needs, for example: 12:1.
  • the ratio of the width H of the first air gap 3 to the width S of the second air gap 10 also has a certain influence on the linearity of the angular position sensor, that is, the larger the width ratio, the linearity of the angular position sensor The better.
  • the width H of the first air gap 3 is sufficiently small, usually a few millimeters (e.g., 4 mm), so that the ratio cannot be infinitely large in view of the fact that the process is difficult to perform. It has been studied that when the ratio is equal to 2:1, the requirement is satisfied, so the ratio of the width H of the first air gap 3 to the width S of the second air gap 10 is greater than or equal to 2:1.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the configuration of the stator core 2d of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the difference lies in the configuration of the rotor core Id: it is composed of three rotor portions 11d, 13d and 15d with a second air gap formed therebetween.
  • the second air gap comprises three portions 101, 103 and 105 which are evenly distributed in three radial directions of the rotor core Id, and wherein the first portions 103 and 105 are respectively provided with first hard magnets 121d and second
  • the hard magnet 122d constitutes a magnetic circuit together with the rotor core ld and the stator core 2d. Further, the magnetic poles of the first hard magnetic body 121d and the second hard magnetic body 122d are arranged in opposite directions to avoid the occurrence of the internal closing of the magnetic field wire rotor core Id.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of an angular position sensor according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the second air gap 10e is mainly different in shape from the above embodiment, that is, it is a shuttle-shaped air gap located at a certain diameter of the rotor core le.
  • the hard magnet 12e is filled therein to form a magnetic circuit together with the rotor core le and the stator core 2e.
  • This embodiment further illustrates that the rotor core is more flexible in design with a reasonable ratio of the width H of the first air gap to the rotor core diameter D, even if the shape of the second air gap is slightly Modifications, the magnetic field line distribution where the magnetic flux sensing element is located still has better uniformity, so that the angular position sensor has good linearity over a wide range.
  • a combination of a certain form of a hard magnetic material and a soft magnetic material is used instead of the design of the ring magnet in the prior art, and an magnetic field effect similar to that of the ring magnet is obtained, and the effect can be obtained.
  • Changing the air gap and the size of the hard magnetic material is further optimized such that, over a wide range, the magnetic flux density at the magnetic flux sensing element is proportional to the rotational angle of the rotor core relative to the stator core, thereby achieving better linearity.
  • FIG. 9 it is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the magnetic induction and the rotation angle obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic induction B is about 60 with respect to the angle of rotation A.
  • a better linearity is obtained up to 300 ° and it achieves a full linear range greater than 180°.
  • An angular position sensor of the present invention includes a rotor core and a stator core coaxially disposed around the rotor core, wherein the rotor core and the stator core have a first air gap; the rotor core has a second air gap therein, And a hard magnet is disposed in the second air gap; a third air gap is disposed in the stator core, and a magnetic flux sensing element is disposed in the third air gap.
  • the present invention utilizes a combination of a hard magnetic body and a rotor core in place of the prior art annular magnet design, achieving good linearity over a wide range. Compared with the prior art, it is easy to assemble and does not require a difficult ring magnet to be processed, which reduces the cost and simplifies the process. Therefore, it has industrial applicability.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

角度位置传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种传感器装置， 特別是涉及一种线性范围广且线性度良 好的角度位置传感器装置。 背景技术
角度位置传感器作为一种重要的传感器装置， 在汽车以及其它机电控 制领域中具有广泛的应用， 而其线性范围与线性度的改进一直是其领域技 术人员所致力研究的课题。 比较常见的一种角度位置传感器是利用磁感应 元件来检测磁场变化， 进而转变为与角度位置相对应的电信号输出。 为了 提高其输出相对于被测物体转动角度的线性度以及扩大线性范围， 其领域 技术人员进行了大量的研究， 获得了各种磁路设计方案。
例如， 于 1999年 1月 19日公开的美国专利说明书 US-5861745A便揭 示了一种角度测量装置， 其利用径向充磁的环形磁铁与被测物体一起转动 来获得大于 180° 的完全线性范围。 然而， 在这种方案中， 所需的线性范 围越广， 使用的环形磁铁就越大， 如此， 增加了原材料的成本； 同时， 磁 铁材料较其它金属材料的加工难度更高， 尤其是此方案中采用了相对复杂 的环形磁铁， 其在加工与定位时精度较难保证， 增加了生产过程中的工艺 成本。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种角度位置传感器， 使其在保证 良好线性度的同时具备更为简单的制造工艺与更为低廉的生产成本。
为了解决以上技术问题， 本发明提供一种角度位置传感器， 包括转子 芯与围绕该转子芯同轴而设的定子芯， 其中： 所述转子芯与定子芯之间具 有第一气隙； 所述转子芯内具有第二气隙， 且该第二气隙内设有硬磁体； 所述定子芯内具有第三气隙， 且该第三气隙内设有磁通量传感元件。
进一步的， 所述第一气隙为均句分布的环状气隙， 且将其沿转子芯径
确认本 向方向的尺寸称为第一气隙的宽度。
进一步的， 所述第一气隙的宽度与转子芯直径大小之比大于或等于 1:
5。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙沿转子芯某一直径方向上成直线型设计， 且 将所述第二气隙沿该直径方向上的尺寸称为其长度， 将所述第二气隙沿转 子芯径向方向的尺寸称为其的宽度。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙的长度与宽度之比大于或等于 5: 1。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙内充满硬磁体。
进一步的，所述第一气隙的宽度与第二气隙宽度之比大于或等于 2: 1。 进一步的， 所述第二气隙平行于上述直径且位于直径的一侧。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙包括第一部分与第二部分， 其平行于上述直 径且位于该直径的两侧。
进一步的， 所述第一部分与第二部分内分别设有硬磁体， 且所述硬磁 体的磁极设置方向一致。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙位于上述直径所在处。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙内对称于转子芯轴心设有两个硬磁体， 且该 两个硬磁体的磁极设置方向一致。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙中间设有一个硬磁体。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙包括三个部分， 均匀分布于转子芯的三个径 向方向， 且其中两个部分内分别设有第一硬磁体与第二硬磁体。
进一步的， 所述第一硬磁体与第二硬磁体的磁极设置方向相反。
进一步的， 所述第二气隙位于转子芯某一直径处， 且成梭形设计。 进一步的， 所述转子芯包括多个转子部， 且相邻两转子部之间形成有 上述第二气隙。
进一步的， 所述定子芯包括多个定子部， 且相邻两定子部之间形成有 上述第三气隙。
进一步的， 所述转子芯与定子芯由软磁材料制成。
综上所述， 本发明利用硬磁体与转子芯的组合来替代现有技术中环形 磁铁的设计方案， 在较宽范围内获得了良好的线性度。 与现有技术相比， 易于装配， 且无需加工难度较大的环形磁铁， 降低了成本， 简化了工艺。 且通过改变气隙与硬磁体的尺寸， 可在较宽范围内使磁通量传感元件处的 磁通量密度关于旋转角度成线性关系， 从而获得了较广的线性范围与较佳 的线性度， 且增加了转子芯与定子芯构造的灵活性。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例一所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 2为图 1中转子芯 1与第一气隙 3的截面放大示意图；
图 3为本发明实施例一所提供的角度位置传感器的磁场分布图； 图 4为本发明实施例二所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 5为本发明实施例三所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 6为本发明实施例四所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 Ί为本发明实施例五所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 8为本发明实施例六所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示意图； 图 9为根据本发明一实施例所获得的磁感应强度与旋转角度的关系示 意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 特征更明显易懂， 下面结合附图对本发明的具体 实施方式作进一步的说明。
实施例一：
请参考图 1， 其为本发明实施例一所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 如图所示， 该角度位置传感器包括转子芯 1与围绕该转子芯 1同轴 而设的定子芯 2, 且转子芯 1与定子芯 2之间形成有第一气隙 3。 其中， 转 子芯 1 内具有第二气隙 10, 以于其内设置硬磁体 12, 使得该硬磁体 12与 转子芯 1、 定子芯 2共同构成磁路。 同时， 定子芯 2内形成有第三气隙 20, 磁通量传感元件 4设置于其中， 以测量磁通量并将其转换为电信号。
在此种磁路设计的情况下， 硬磁体 12与转子芯 1、 定子芯 2共同构成 磁路， 而使得转子芯 1外部磁场的分布情况与采用环形磁铁构成磁路的效 果相近。 进一步研究发现， 第一气隙 3相对于转子芯 1的大小将影响磁场 分布情况， 即影响角度位置传感器的线性范围与线性度， 下面结合图 2 故 详细的说明。
请参考图 2, 其为图 1中转子芯 1与第一气隙 3的截面放大示意图。 如图， 该第一气隙 3为均勾分布的环状气隙， 且将其沿转子芯 1任一径向 方向的尺寸称为第一气隙的宽度 H, 其往往决定了第一气隙 3的大小 （不 考虑转子芯 1的厚度）； 且图中示出转子芯的某一直径 D, 其往往决定了转 子芯 1的大小（不考虑转子芯 1的厚度）。 经研究发现， 在第一气隙的宽度 H与转子芯直径 D之比大于或等于 1: 5的情况下转子芯 1外部磁场的分布 情况已能满足需要， 即在较宽的范围内获得了良好的线性度。 进一步研究 发现， 随着以上比例的增大， 角度位置传感器的线性度更优， 但是磁场强 度会变弱， 故在实际应用中， 本领域技术人员可根据需求加以设置， 通常 这个比例小于 1: 1。
请参考图 3， 其示出了以上实施例中角度位置传感器的磁场分布图。 从图中可以看出， 经过以上设置， 通过第三气隙 20 (即磁通量传感元件 4 (参见图 1 )所在处） 的磁力线分布均匀 （如虚线圆内所示）。 则且当转子 芯 1随被测物体转动时， 转子芯 1相对于定子芯 2转动， 硬 ^兹体 12也随转 子芯 1共同转动； 从而通过磁通量传感元件 4的磁通量随之增加或减少， 且在一定旋转角度范围内， 该磁通量的改变强度与转子芯 1相对于定子芯 2的转动角度基本成线性关系。
通常， 转子芯 1与定子芯 2由多块软磁材料构成， 以便于在其间形成 气隙。 例如， 在本实施例中， 转子芯 1 由两块软磁材料构成， 如此设计较 为简单， 当然也可以选用三块或更多， 只要其外部磁场分布满足要求即可。 具体请参考图 1。转子芯 1由两个转子部 11与 13构成，其间形成第二气隙 10, 且在第二气隙 10内填充硬磁体 12。 而定子芯 2在本实施例中采用了 三块软磁材料， 即由三个定子部 21、 23、 25构成， 从而于相邻两^:子部之 间形成第三气隙 20, 磁通量传感元件 4便固定于该第三气隙 20中。 同样， 定子部的个数也不限定于此， 其可为两个或多于三个， 从而相应的放翼两 个或更多个磁通量传感元件 4, 其视需要而定， 并不影响本发明的实质。 另外， 在以上描述中已经说明： 在合理的设置了第一气隙的宽度 H相 对于转子芯直径 D的比例的情况下， 磁通量传感元件 4所在处的磁力线分 布均匀， 使得角度位置传感器在较宽的范围内拥有良好的线性度。 从而增 加了转子芯 1与定子芯 2构造的灵活性。具体将在以下实施例中加以说明。
实施例二：
请参考图 4, 其为本发明实施例二所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 如图所示， 其转子芯 la由三个转子部 lla、 13a和 15a构成， 从而 于相邻两个转子部之间形成第二气隙。 如图该第二气隙包括第一部分 102 与第二部分 104,其平行于直径 Da且位于直径 Da的两侧，且第一部分 102 与第二部分 104内设有硬磁体 121a与 123a, 此时， 硬磁体 121a与 123a的 磁极设置方向一致（例如，硬磁体 121a与 123a的 N极均垂直于纸面朝内， 则 S极均垂直于纸面朝外； 或者与之相反）， 以与转子芯 la、 定子芯 2a共 同构成磁路。 另外， 定子芯 2a由两个定子部 21a和 23构成， 从而于其间 形成第三气隙 20a, 如图， 相应的， 两个磁通量传感元件 4a置放于第三气 隙 20a中。
实施例三：
请参考图 5, 其为本发明实施例三所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 如图， 其定子芯 2b的构成与实施例二相同， 在此不再赘述。 而其转 子芯 lb由两个对称的转子部 lib与 13b构成， 即第二气隙 10b位于直径 Db所在处。 另外， 第二气隙 10b中间位置设有一个硬磁体 12b， 以与转子 芯 lb、 定子芯 2b共同构成磁路。
实施例四：
请参考图 6, 其为本发明实施例四所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 如图， 其与转子芯 lc与定子芯 2c与实施三的构造基本相同， 唯一 的区别在于第二气隙 10c内硬磁体的设置情况， 即第二气隙 10c内设置有 两个硬磁体 12c, 其相对于转子芯 lc的轴心对称设置， 且其磁极设置方向 一致， 以与转子芯 lc、 定子芯 2c共同构成磁路。 '
在以上四个实施例中， 第二气隙沿转子芯某一个直径方向成直线型设 计， 如： 实施例一与实施例二中的第二气隙平行于转子芯的某一直径； 实 施例三与四位于转子芯某一直径所在处。 经研究发现， 硬磁体的尺寸对于 角度位置传感器的线性度具有一定的影响， 即硬磁体越细长， 角度位置传 感器的线性度越好。 而当第二气隙内填充满硬磁体时， 硬磁体的尺寸便可 以通过第二气隙的尺寸来设定。 将第二气隙沿上述直径方向上的尺寸称为 其长度， 且将第二气隙沿转子芯径向方向的尺寸称为其宽度。 为了方便说 明， 以实施例一为例， 具体请参考图 2: 第二气隙 10平行于转子芯的直径 D且位于直径 D的一侧， 将其沿该直径方向 X上的尺寸称为其长度 L, 将 其沿转子芯径向方向 Y的尺寸称为其宽度 S。 经研究发现， 第二气隙 10的 长度 L与宽度 S之比大于或等于 5: 1 , 即在此截面内， 硬磁体 12的长宽 比大于或等于 5: 1时， 角度位置传感器的线性度便可以满足要求。 另外， 硬磁材料的长宽比例越大， 角度位置传感器的线性度越好， 但由于实际生 产工艺的限制， 其比例满足需要即可， 例如： 12: 1。
进一步研究发现， 第一气隙 3的宽度 H与第二气隙 10的宽度 S之比， 对于角度位置传感器的线性度也具有一定的影响， 即此宽度比越大， 角度 位置传感器的线性度越好。但实际应用中，第一气隙 3的宽度 H已足够小， 通常为几毫米（例如 4毫米），故考虑到工艺实施难皮，此比例不能无限大。 经研究， 此比例等于 2: 1时， 即可满足需要， 故第一气隙 3的宽度 H与第 二气隙 10的宽度 S之比大于或等于 2: 1。
实施例五：
请参考图 7， 其为本发明实施例五所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 本实施例的定子芯 2d构造情况与实施例一相同， 在此不再赘述。 区 别在于转子芯 Id的构造情况： 其由三个转子部 lld、 13d和 15d构成， 其 间形成第二气隙。 故该第二气隙包括三个部分 101、 103与 105， 其均匀分 布于转子芯 Id的三个径向方向，且其中两个部分 103与 105内分别设有第 一硬磁体 121d与第二硬磁体 122d, 以与转子芯 ld、 定子芯 2d共同构成磁 路。 另外， 第一硬磁体 121d与第二硬磁体 122d的磁极设置方向相反， 以 避免磁力线千转子芯 Id内部闭合的情况出现。
实施例六：
请参考图 8, 其为本发明实施例六所提供的角度位置传感器的结构示 意图。 在本实施例中， 第二气隙 10e主要在形状上区别于以上实施例， 即 其为位于转子芯 le某一直径处的梭形气隙。 其内充满硬磁体 12e， 以与转 子芯 le、 定子芯 2e共同构成磁路。 此实施例进一步说明了， 在合理的设置 了第一气隙的宽度 H相对于转子芯直径 D的比例的情况下，转子芯的设计 更具有灵活性， 即使对第二气隙的形状略作改动， 磁通量传感元件所在处 的磁力线分布仍具有较佳的均匀性， 使得角度位置传感器在较宽的范围内 拥有良好的线性度。
可见， 在本发明的实施例中， 利用硬磁材料与软磁材料一定形式的组 合来代替现有技术中环形磁铁的设计， 得到了与环形磁铁近似的夕卜部磁场 效果， 且其效果可通过改变气隙与硬磁材料的尺寸获得进一步的优化， 使 得在较宽范围内， 磁通量传感元件处的磁通量密度与转子芯相对于定子芯 旋转角度成正比， 进而获得较佳的线性度。
如图 9所示， 其为根据本发明一实施例所获得的磁感应强度与旋转角 度的关系示意图。 如图所示， 磁感应强度 B关于旋转角度 A在 60。 到 300 ° 之间获得了较佳的线性度， 且其达到了大于 180° 的完全线性范围。
以上仅为举例， 并非用以限定本发明， 本发明的保护范围应当以权利 要求书所涵盖的范围为准。 本发明的角度位置传感器 , 包括转子芯与围绕该转子芯同轴而设的定 子芯， 其中所述转子芯与定子芯之间具有第一气隙； 所述转子芯内具有第 二气隙， 且该第二气隙内设有硬磁体； 所述定子芯内具有第三气隙， 且该 第三气隙内设有磁通量传感元件。 可见本发明利用硬磁体与转子芯的组合 来替代现有技术中环形磁铁的设计方案， 在较宽范围内获得了良好的线性 度。 与现有技术相比， 易于装配， 且无需加工难度较大的环形磁铁， 降低 了成本， 简化了工艺。 因此， 其具有产业上的可利用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种角度位置传感器， 包括转子芯与围绕该转子芯同轴而设的定子 芯， 其特征是， 其中：
所述转子芯与定子芯之间具有第一气隙；
所述转子芯内具有第二气隙， 且该第二气隙内设有硬磁体； 所述定子芯内具有第三气隙， 且该第三气隙内设有磁通量传感元 件。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第一 气隙为均勾分布的环状气隙， 且将其沿转子芯径向方向的尺寸称为第一气 隙的宽度。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第一 气隙的宽度与转子芯直径大小之比大于或等于 1 : 5。
4.根据权利要求 2所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第二 气隙沿转子芯某一直径方向上成直线型设计， 且将所述第二气隙沿该直径 方向上的尺寸称为其长度， 将所述第二气隙沿转子芯径向方向的尺寸称为 其的宽度。
5.才艮据权利要求 4所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第二 气隙的长度与宽度之比大于或等于 5: 1。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第二 气隙内充满硬兹体。
7.根据权利要求 4所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第一 气隙的宽度与第二气隙宽度之比大于或等于 2: 1。
8.根据权利要求 4所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第二 气隙平行于上述直径且位于直径的一侧。
9.根据权利要求 4所迷的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第二 气隙包括第一部分与第二部分， 其平行于上述直径且位于该直径的两侧。
10.根据权利要求 9 所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中上述第 一部分与第二部分内分别设有硬兹体，且所述硬磁体的磁极设置方向一致。
11. 根据权利要求 4所迷的角度位置传感器，其特征是，其中所述第二 气隙位于上述直径所在处。
12.根据根据权利要求 11所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所 述第二气隙内对称于转子芯轴心设有两个硬磁体， 且该两个硬磁体的磁极 设置方向一致。
13.根据根据权利要求 11所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所 述第二气隙中间设有一个硬磁体。
14.根据权利要求 2所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第 二气隙包括三个部分， 均勾分布于转子芯的三个径向方向， 且其中两个部 分内分别设有第一硬磁体与第二硬磁体。
15.根据权利要求 14所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征 ， 其中所述第 一硬磁体与第二硬磁体的磁极设置方向相反。
16.根据权利要求 2所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述第 二气隙位于转子芯某一直径处， 且成梭形设计。
17.根据权利要求 1 所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述转 子芯包括多个转子部， 且相邻两转子部之间形成有上述第二气隙。
18.根据权利要求 1 所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述定 子芯包括多个定子部， 且相邻两定子部之间形成有上述第三气隙。
19.根据权利要求 1 所述的角度位置传感器， 其特征是， 其中所述转 子芯与定子芯由软磁材料制成。
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CN101358833A (zh) 2009-02-04
EP2330379A1 (en) 2011-06-08
US8766627B2 (en) 2014-07-01

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