WO2010024190A1 - リニア同期モータ制御方法及び制御装置 - Google Patents
リニア同期モータ制御方法及び制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010024190A1 WO2010024190A1 PCT/JP2009/064617 JP2009064617W WO2010024190A1 WO 2010024190 A1 WO2010024190 A1 WO 2010024190A1 JP 2009064617 W JP2009064617 W JP 2009064617W WO 2010024190 A1 WO2010024190 A1 WO 2010024190A1
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- armature
- axis
- current
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- speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/006—Controlling linear motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/06—Linear motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/06—Linear motors
- H02P25/064—Linear motors of the synchronous type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technical field of a control method and a control device of a linear synchronous motor using a permanent magnet as a field.
- a position sensor In a linear synchronous motor in which a mover moves linearly by a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet field and an armature, a position sensor, a speed sensor, a magnetic pole sensor, etc. are used to adjust the position and moving speed of the mover. I have control.
- sensorless vector control is generally used as a control method for driving a linear synchronous motor without using such a sensor (for example, Patent Document 1).
- sensorless vector control a method of estimating the position and moving speed of the mover using an induced electromotive force generated in the armature by the rotation of the linear synchronous motor is generally used.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and without using a position sensor, the mover can be smoothly moved by sensorless vector control in the constant speed region, and the stop control and the control in the low speed region can also be performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a linear synchronous motor control method and a control device that can be used.
- the invention described in claim 1 is a linear synchronous motor control method for controlling a current flowing through an armature of a linear synchronous motor in which a mover moves by movement of a magnetic field generated from the armature.
- a mover moves by movement of a magnetic field generated from the armature.
- the position is detected by a position sensor that detects a position of the movable element by reading a linear scale in the movable range of the movable element.
- the current flowing through the armature is controlled based on the position of the mover detected by the position sensor. It is characterized by doing.
- a control device that controls a current flowing through an armature of a linear synchronous motor in which a mover moves by movement of a magnetic field generated from the armature, and the electric machine uses predetermined sensorless vector control.
- Sensorless vector control means for controlling the current flowing in the child
- open loop control means for controlling the current flowing in the armature using open loop control
- selection means for selecting the control means for controlling the current flowing in the armature
- the open loop control means responds to the position command in the dq coordinate where the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the field is the d-axis and the phase advanced by ⁇ / 2 with respect to the d-axis is the q-axis.
- Phase generating means for generating the d-axis electrical angle, phase generating means for generating the d-axis electrical angle corresponding to the position command, and a three-phase alternating current flowing through the armature. Based on the output current detection means and the electrical angle generated by the phase generation means, the three-phase alternating current detected by the current detection means is coordinate-converted into a d-axis armature current and a q-axis armature current.
- Phase alternating current / dq coordinate conversion means and current control means for controlling the d-axis armature current and the q-axis armature current so that a current flows in the d-axis armature and no current flows in the q-axis armature
- the selecting means has a moving speed of the mover in advance within a range in which the mover can be moved in synchronization with the movement of the magnetic field generated from the armature by the sensorless vector control.
- the sensorless vector control means is selected when it is faster than a predetermined speed
- the open loop control means is selected when the moving speed of the mover is slower than the predetermined speed.
- the electric machine based on the position detected by the position sensor that reads the linear scale and detects the position of the mover, the electric machine is used using feedback control.
- Feedback control means for controlling the current flowing through the child, and the selection means moves the movable element within a movable range of the movable element in which the position can be detected by the position sensor. When the movable element is stopped during the operation, the feedback control means is selected.
- the movement of the mover when the moving speed of the mover is faster than a predetermined speed, the movement of the mover can be controlled by sensorless vector control.
- the mover can be smoothly moved by the sensorless vector control.
- an electronic angle corresponding to the position command is generated, and a current flows through the d-axis armature and a current flows through the q-axis armature.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a linear motor system 1 according to a first embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the synchronous motor for demonstrating the open loop control which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram of an example of a control device for explaining open loop control concerning a 1st embodiment. It is an operation diagram of a synchronous motor represented by dq coordinates, (a) is an operation diagram of conventional feedback control using a position detector, and (b) is an embodiment of the present invention that does not use a position detector. It is an operation
- 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a driver 3 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the driver 30 according to the second embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process example of the control switch 41 of the driver 30 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the linear motor system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the linear motor system 1 includes an actuator 2 and a driver 3 as a control device.
- the actuator 2 includes a slider (moving body) 4 and a base 5 that slidably supports the slider 4.
- the linear synchronous motor 6 includes an armature 6 a as a mover attached to the lower part of the slider 4 and a magnet plate 6 b as a stator attached to the bottom surface of the base 5.
- the armature 6a includes a core made of a magnetic material and a three-phase coil wound around the salient pole of the core. A three-phase alternating current is supplied to each of the three-phase coils.
- the magnet plate 6b is configured by arranging a plurality of permanent magnets in the longitudinal direction of the base 5 so that magnetic poles of N and S poles appear alternately on the surface.
- the three-phase current flowing in the three-phase coil of the armature 6a is controlled by the driver 3.
- the three-phase current output from the driver 3 is supplied to the armature 6a via the power cable 51.
- a linear scale and a position sensor are not attached to the linear motion device. Therefore, the driver 3 does not perform feedback control. Instead, the driver 3 performs sensorless vector control according to the moving speed of the slider 4 (armature 6a) and an open loop for controlling current to flow to the d-axis armature and not to flow to the q-axis armature. Control and change over selectively.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a synchronous motor for explaining the open loop control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a control device for explaining the open loop control according to the first embodiment.
- the dq conversion converts both the fixed part and the movable part of the synchronous motor into rotating orthogonal coordinates, and the coordinate system is the dq coordinate system.
- the q axis is in a phase advanced by ⁇ / 2 with respect to the d axis.
- the d-axis is generally taken in the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the field.
- Vda and vqa are d and q axis armature voltages
- ida and iqa are d and q axis armature currents
- ⁇ fa is the number of armature winding interlinkage magnetic fluxes
- Ra is an armature winding resistance
- La is an electric machine. This is the self-inductance of the child winding. From this equivalent circuit, a relational expression of voltage, current, impedance, that is, a circuit equation is obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows that the armature windings are connected to a commutator like a DC motor and are innumerable in the radial direction, and Vda, through the brushes arranged on the d and q axes rotating at the same speed as the magnetic field. It shows that Vqa is applied and ida and iqa flow. If Vda and Vqa are set to DC voltages, ida and iqa also become DC voltages and can be handled by two-axis DC.
- Equation 1 When transforming Equation 1 into a state equation (differential equation),
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example of a control device for explaining the open loop control according to the first embodiment.
- this control device When driving the synchronous motor, this control device does not use a position detector, but always allows a constant current to flow through the d-axis (the direction of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet) of the synchronous motor to drive the synchronous motor in an open loop.
- the control device includes a position controller 11 that receives a position command, a q-axis armature current controller 12 and a d-axis armature current controller 13 that control q-axis and d-axis armature currents, and an electric power corresponding to the position command.
- a phase detector 14 that generates an angle
- a power converter 15 such as a voltage-type PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) inverter that supplies power to a synchronous motor according to q-axis and d-axis armature voltage commands
- current detector 17 for detecting feedback current from synchronous motor 20, vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 19.
- a position command ⁇ * rm is given to the position controller 11 from a host control device such as a computer.
- the position controller 11 outputs the position command ⁇ * rm to the phase detector 14.
- the phase detector 14 calculates an electrical angle ⁇ * re corresponding to the position command, and converts the electrical angle ⁇ * re into a vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate which is a three-phase AC / dq coordinate conversion means. Output to the converter 16.
- the vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 16 converts the three-phase feedback current values iu, iv, iw from the current detector 17 into the q-axis armature current iqa based on the electrical angle ⁇ * re. And d-axis armature current ida.
- the q-axis armature current controller 12 calculates a difference between the q-axis armature current command and the q-axis armature current iqa, and calculates a command value v * qa of the q-axis armature voltage.
- the q-axis armature current command is set to zero.
- the q-axis armature current controller 12 controls the q-axis armature current iqa so that the q-axis armature current iqa becomes zero.
- the q-axis armature current command is variable according to the required torque.
- the q-axis armature current command is always set to 0. There is a feature in that.
- the d-axis armature current controller 13 calculates a difference between the d-axis armature current command and the d-axis armature current ida, and calculates a command value v * da of the d-axis armature voltage.
- the d-axis armature current command is set to a constant current value, for example, a rated current of the synchronous motor.
- the rated current is a current value at which the synchronous motor does not burn even when a current is passed through the synchronous motor for a long time.
- the d-axis current command i * da is normally set to 0, but this embodiment is characterized by being set to a constant current value.
- the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 19 generates a three-phase voltage command v * u, v * v, based on the voltage command v * da, v * qa and the electrical angle ⁇ * re. Outputs v * w.
- the power converter 15 performs PWM control on the output voltage based on these voltage commands, and controls the current flowing through the synchronous motor 20.
- FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of the synchronous motor represented by dq coordinates.
- FIG. 4A shows an operation diagram of the conventional feedback control using the position detector
- FIG. 4B shows an operation diagram of the open loop control of the present embodiment in which the position detector is not used.
- the d-axis armature current is set to 0, and the q-axis armature current is controlled to a value that matches the required torque.
- Torque was generated by passing a current through the q-axis armature, and the permanent magnet 23 of the synchronous motor 20 was rotating ((a1) ⁇ (a2) ⁇ (a3)).
- the d-axis position (magnetic pole position) has been calculated from position information detected by the position detector.
- the magnetic pole position command 22 (d-axis command) of the permanent magnet 23 to be driven is calculated from the position command. Then, the d-axis armature current and the q-axis armature current are controlled so that a constant current flows through the d-axis armature and no current flows through the q-axis armature. Then, the magnetic pole position (d-axis position) of the permanent magnet 23 is attracted to the magnetic pole position command 22 and stops at the position of the magnetic pole position command 22.
- the magnetic pole position command 22 is changed in the order of (b1) ⁇ (b2) ⁇ (b3) in FIG. 4B, the permanent magnet 23 is rotated. When the motor stops, a holding force is generated when a rated current is passed through the synchronous motor 20.
- the torque generated in the synchronous motor 20 is small. For this reason, when a load is applied to the synchronous motor 20, the synchronous motor 20 may not follow the change in the electrical angle. However, the torque of the synchronous motor 20 can be increased by passing the rated current through the synchronous motor 20. Further, as the electrical angle is gradually increased to +5 degrees, +10 degrees, +15 degrees, etc., the synchronous motor 20 gradually increases in torque (when the electrical angle is increased to +90 degrees, the largest torque is applied). The synchronous motor can be operated by increasing the electrical angle. Once the synchronous motor has operated, the synchronous motor continues to operate due to its inertia, so that it can finally approach the electrical angle.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the driver 3 according to the first embodiment.
- the driver 3 includes a position controller 31 that receives a position command, a speed controller 32 that controls the moving speed of the armature 6a of the linear synchronous motor 6, and the position and moving speed of the armature 6a.
- Position / speed estimator 33 to be estimated q-axis armature current controller 34 and d-axis armature current controller 35 as current control means for controlling the q-axis and d-axis armature currents, and the electric power corresponding to the position command
- a phase detector 36 as phase generating means for generating an angle; a power converter 37 such as a voltage-type PWM inverter that supplies power to the synchronous motor in response to q-axis and d-axis armature voltage commands;
- a vector rotator as a / dq coordinate conversion means, a three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 39, a current detector 38 as a current detection means for detecting a feedback current from the synchronous motor 20, and a vector rotator Dq coordinate
- the vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 39 and the vector rotator / dq coordinate / three-phase AC converter 40 constitute sensorless vector control means.
- the q coordinate converter 39 and the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3 phase AC converter 40 constitute an open loop control means.
- the position controller 31 performs two kinds of control according to the control command from the control switch 41.
- This control command includes a sensorless vector control command and an open loop control command.
- the position controller 31 outputs the position command ⁇ * rm output from a host control device such as a computer and the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm output from the position speed estimator 33.
- the speed command ⁇ * rm is calculated based on the deviation between the speed command ⁇ * rm and the speed command ⁇ * rm is output to the speed controller 32.
- the position controller 31 outputs the position command ⁇ * rm output from the host controller to the phase detector 14.
- the speed controller 32 performs two kinds of control according to the control command from the control switch 41.
- the position controller 31 outputs the speed command ⁇ * rm output from the position controller 31, the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm output from the position speed estimator 33, and The thrust command is calculated based on the deviation, and the q-axis current command i * qa is further calculated.
- the speed controller 32 outputs the q-axis current command i * qa to the q-axis armature current controller 34, and normally sets the d-axis current command i * da to 0 to control the d-axis armature current. Output to the device 35.
- the speed controller 32 sets the d-axis current command i * da to, for example, a rated current and outputs it to the d-axis armature current controller 35.
- the q-axis current command i * qa is set to 0 and output to the q-axis armature current controller 34.
- the position / speed estimator 33 operates when a sensorless vector control command is output from the control switch 41.
- the position / speed estimator 33 includes a d-axis armature current ida and a q-axis armature current iqa output from the vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 39, and a d-axis current controller. Based on the d-axis armature voltage command output from the q-axis and the q-axis armature voltage command output from the q-axis current controller, the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm and the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm are calculated.
- the estimation method of the estimated position and the estimated speed a method used for general sensorless vector control can be applied. Further, the estimated position and the estimated speed may be calculated based on only one of the voltage command and the armature current.
- the position / speed estimator 33 outputs the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm to the position controller 31 and the phase detector 36, and outputs the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm to the speed controller and the control switch 41.
- a position command ⁇ * rm or an estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm is supplied to the phase detector 36 in accordance with a control command output from the control switch 41 to the position controller 31 and the position / speed estimator 33.
- the control command is a sensorless vector control command
- the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm is supplied to the phase detector 36 from the position / speed estimator 33.
- the control command is an open loop control command
- the phase command 36 is supplied with the position command ⁇ * rm.
- the phase detector 36 calculates an electrical angle ⁇ * re corresponding to the position command ⁇ * rm or the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm, and converts the electrical angle ⁇ * re into a vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate conversion. Output to the converter 39 and the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 40.
- the vector rotator / three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 39 converts the three-phase feedback current values iu, iv, iw from the current detector 38 into the q-axis armature current iqa based on the electrical angle ⁇ * re. And d-axis armature current ida.
- the q-axis armature current controller 34 calculates a command value v * qa of the q-axis armature voltage by taking a deviation between the q-axis armature current command and the q-axis armature current iqa, and this command value v * qa. Is output to the position / speed estimator 33 and the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 40.
- the d-axis armature current controller 35 calculates a command value v * da of the d-axis armature voltage by taking a deviation between the d-axis armature current command and the d-axis armature current ida, and this command value v * da. Is output to the position / speed estimator 33 and the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 40.
- the vector rotator / dq coordinate / 3-phase AC converter 40 includes voltage commands v * da, v * qa and a phase detector 36 from the q-axis armature current controller 34 and the d-axis armature current controller 35.
- the three-phase voltage commands v * u, v * v, v * w are output based on the electrical angle ⁇ * re from.
- the power converter 15 performs PWM control on the output voltage based on these voltage commands, and controls the current flowing through the armature 6 a of the linear synchronous motor 6.
- the control switch 41 determines whether to perform sensorless vector control or open loop control based on the moving speed of the armature 6a of the linear synchronous motor 6, and sends a control command as a result to the position controller 31 and the speed.
- the data is output to the controller 32 and the position / speed estimator 33.
- the armature 6a moves more smoothly when the movement of the armature 6a is controlled by sensorless vector control than when the armature 6a is controlled by the open loop control according to the present embodiment.
- the control by the sensorless vector control is not effective. That is, the position estimation and the speed estimation by the sensorless vector control are performed based on, for example, the induced electromotive force generated in the armature 6a according to the moving speed of the armature 6a based on the applied voltage or the feedback current to the armature 6a.
- it is performed by obtaining, if the armature 6a is stopped or the moving speed is too low, the induced electromotive force cannot be detected. Then, the magnetic field generated from the armature 6a cannot be moved in synchronization with the movement of the armature 6a.
- the control switching device 41 switches control at a preset speed ⁇ .
- This speed ⁇ is a preset speed within a speed range in which the movement of the armature 6a can be moved in synchronization with the movement of the magnetic field generated from the armature 6a by sensorless vector control. It is set based on the result of.
- the speed ⁇ is set to be lower within a range in which the movement of the armature 6a can be controlled.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the moving time and the moving speed when the armature 6a is moved from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the magnet plate 6b.
- the horizontal axis represents the moving time.
- the vertical axis represents the moving speed.
- the open loop control is performed until the time t1 when the moving speed reaches the speed ⁇ after the armature 6a starts moving.
- sensorless vector control is performed from time t1 to t2 and from t2 to t3.
- the sensorless vector control is continuously performed from time t3 to time t4 when the moving speed drops to the speed ⁇ . Open loop control is performed from time t4 to te.
- control switching device 41 outputs a sensorless vector control command when the moving speed of the armature 6a is equal to or higher than the speed ⁇ , and opens loop when the moving speed of the armature 6a is less than the speed ⁇ . Output control commands.
- the position and speed estimator 33 can estimate the position and moving speed of the armature 6a. Which control is to be performed is determined based on the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm. Note that the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm is equivalent to the moving speed of the armature 6a.
- the position / speed estimator 33 may not be able to accurately estimate the position and moving speed of the armature 6a.
- the moving speed of the armature 6a is calculated based on the position command ⁇ * rm from the device.
- Open-loop control according to the present embodiment generates an electrical angle theta * re corresponding to the position command theta * rm, electrical angle theta * re continuously changes according to the position command theta * rm continuously supplied
- the armature 6a moves in synchronization with the change in the electrical angle ⁇ * re, and the moving speed of the armature 6a is obtained from the position command ⁇ * rm.
- the driver 3 As a method for causing the driver 3 to recognize the initial position of the armature 6a, there is a method using a magnetic pole sensor. Further, the armature 6a can be forcibly moved to a set position without using a magnetic pole sensor, thereby replacing the recognition of the initial position of the armature 6a. This is performed, for example, by supplying a direct current from the driver 3 to the armature 6a at a predetermined electrical angle with reference to the center of the U-phase coil of the armature 6a. The electrical angle at this time can be set arbitrarily. The armature 6a is excited by the direct current, and an S-pole magnetic pole appears on the surface facing the magnet plate 6b at a position away from the center of the U-phase coil by the electrical angle.
- the armature 6a moves by attracting the S pole and the N pole of the magnet plate 6b, and the armature 6a stops when the position of the S pole appearing on the armature 6a coincides with the position of the N pole of the magnet plate 6b. To do. Thus, the armature 6a is moved from the initial position of the main book to the set position. At this time, since the phase shift between the magnetic poles of the armature 6a and the magnet plate 6b is ⁇ 180 ° at the maximum, the armature 6a moves a distance half the magnetic pole pitch of the magnet plate 6b at the maximum.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of the control switch 41 of the driver 3 according to the first embodiment.
- the control switch 41 determines whether the moving speed of the armature 6a is equal to or higher than the speed ⁇ (step S1). At this time, if the moving speed is equal to or higher than the speed ⁇ (step S1: YES), the control switch 41 determines to perform sensorless vector control (step S2), and proceeds to step S1.
- the control switch 41 outputs a sensorless vector control command to the position controller 31, the speed controller 32, and the position / speed estimator 33. Then, the position / speed estimator 33 calculates the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm and the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm, outputs the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm to the position controller 31 and the phase detector 36, and calculates the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm. Output to the control switch 41 and the speed controller 32.
- the position controller 31 outputs the speed command ⁇ * rm to the speed controller 32 based on the position command ⁇ * rm and the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm, while the output of the position command ⁇ * rm to the phase detector 36 is Let it stop.
- the speed controller 32 calculates the q-axis current command i * qa based on the speed command ⁇ * rm and the estimated speed ⁇ ⁇ rm. Moreover, the speed controller 32 sets the d-axis current command i * qa to 0.
- the phase detector 36 calculates the electrical angle ⁇ * re corresponding to the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm. Thus, the driver 3 performs sensorless vector control.
- step S3 determines to perform the open loop control (step S3), and proceeds to step S1.
- the control switch 41 outputs an open loop control command to the position controller 31, the speed controller 32, and the position / speed estimator 33. Then, the position / speed estimator 33 stops the operation.
- the position controller 31 outputs the position command ⁇ * rm to the phase detector 36 while stopping the calculation of the speed command ⁇ * rm.
- the speed controller 32 sets the q-axis current command i * qa to 0, and sets the d-axis current command i * qa to the rated current.
- the phase detector 36 calculates an electrical angle ⁇ * re corresponding to the position command ⁇ * rm. In this way, the driver 3 performs the open loop control described in the section 1.2. In this way, the control switch 41 repeats the control loop.
- the switching control unit 41 controls each unit to perform sensorless vector control, and the armature 6a.
- the phase detector 36 When the moving speed is less than the speed ⁇ , the phase detector 36 generates the d-axis electrical angle corresponding to the position command, and the q-axis armature current controller 34 and the d-axis armature current controller 35.
- the armature 6a In the constant velocity range where the moving speed of the armature 6a is equal to or higher than the speed ⁇ , the movement of the armature 6a can be smoothly moved by the sensorless vector control, and the moving speed of the armature 6a is less than the speed ⁇ , Can also be controlled. Further, the return from the armature 6a stop state can be controlled.
- the N pole of the magnet plate 6b is relatively attracted to the magnetic pole generated by the d-axis armature current corresponding to the electrical angle generated by the phase detector 36. Since the child 6a moves, the rotation control of the electrical angle is controlled by the position command, so that the stop control, the control in the low speed region, and the control at the time of return are also possible. Since stop control corresponding to the position command is performed, it is possible to stop at a desired position.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the linear motor system 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the same elements as those in FIG. 8 are identical elements as those in FIG. 8.
- the linear motor system 10 includes an actuator 2, a position information switching device 9, and a driver 30 as a control device.
- the actuator 2 includes a slider 4, a base 5 that slidably supports the slider 4, a linear scale 7 attached to the slider 4, and a position of the slider 4 (an armature attached to the slider 4) that reads the linear scale 7. And a plurality of position sensors 8 for detecting.
- a linear scale 7, a position sensor 8, and a position information switching device 9 are added.
- the linear scale 7 is attached to the side surface of the slider 4, and slits, magnetic poles, and the like are arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the base 5.
- Each position sensor 8 reads the linear scale 7 optically or magnetically, and outputs position information indicating the position of the armature 6a to the position information switch 9 via the encoder cable 52.
- the linear scale 7 is provided only in an area for positioning before and after the stop position (hereinafter referred to as “stop area”) including the stop position planned in advance in the movable range of the slider 4.
- stop area an area for positioning before and after the stop position
- a position sensor 8 is attached so that it can be read.
- position sensors 8 are attached to both ends of the movable range of the slider 4, and a single position sensor 8 is attached slightly from the center. That is, the actuator 2 has three stop areas.
- the area other than the stop area is an area where the slider 4 basically passes (hereinafter referred to as “passing area”). However, it is possible to stop the slider 4 as necessary even in the passage region.
- the slider 4 may stop or pass depending on the moving procedure.
- the current supplied to the armature 6a is controlled by sensorless vector control or open loop control.
- Sensorless vector control or open loop control when the slider 4 is located in the stop region, Vector control is performed based on position information from the sensor 8. Then, when the slider 4 is positioned within the passage region, sensorless vector control or open loop control is performed.
- the position information switcher 9 sends the position information output from the position sensor 8 attached to the stop area to the encoder cable 53 by a control signal output from the driver 30. To the driver 30.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the driver 30 according to the second embodiment.
- elements similar to those in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the driver 30 includes a position controller 31, a speed controller 32, a position speed estimator 33, a q-axis armature current controller 34 as current control means, and a d-axis armature current control.
- a phase detector 36 as a phase generation means
- a power converter 37 as a current detection means
- a vector rotator / three-phase as a three-phase AC / dq coordinate conversion means
- a position detector 42 and a speed detector 43 as a selection means for switching control between sensorless vector control, open loop control and vector control.
- the three-phase AC / dq coordinate converter 39, the vector rotator / dq coordinate / three-phase AC converter 40, the position detector 42, and the speed detector 43 constitute feedback control means.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that a position detector 42 and a speed detector 43 are added.
- the position information output from the position information switcher 9 is supplied to the position detector 42 and the speed detector 43 and also to the phase detector 36.
- the position detector 42 calculates a position feedback value ⁇ rm indicating the position of the armature 6 a based on the position information, and outputs the position feedback value ⁇ rm to the position controller 31 and the control switch 41.
- the position detector 42 calculates a speed feedback value ⁇ rm indicating the moving speed of the armature 6 a based on the position information, and outputs the position feedback value ⁇ rm to the speed controller 32 and the control switch 41.
- the position controller 31 receives the position command ⁇ * rm output from the host controller and the position feedback output from the speed detector 43.
- the speed command ⁇ * rm is calculated based on the deviation from the value ⁇ rm, and this speed command ⁇ * rm is output to the speed controller 32.
- the speed controller 32 When a vector control command is supplied as a control command from the control switch 41, the speed controller 32 outputs a speed command ⁇ * rm output from the position controller 31 and a speed output from the position detector 42.
- a thrust command is calculated based on a deviation between the feedback value ⁇ rm and a q-axis current command i * qa.
- the control switch 41 determines whether to perform sensorless vector control, open loop control or vector control based on the current position and moving speed of the armature 6a of the linear synchronous motor 6, and a control command as a result thereof. Is output to the position controller 31, the speed controller 32, and the position / speed estimator 33.
- This control command includes a sensorless vector control command, an open loop control command, and vector control.
- the relationship between the range of the stop area and the position of the armature 6a (for example, coordinates x1 to x2) is stored in a memory (not shown). Is stored in the first stop area, the coordinates x3 to x4 are the second stop area, etc.).
- the control switch 41 determines whether the armature 6a is located in the stop area by comparing the current position of the armature 6a with the stop area coordinate data.
- the control switching device 41 performs vector control based on the current position of the armature 6a from the estimated position ⁇ ⁇ rm when performing sensorless vector control and from the position command ⁇ * rm when performing open loop control. When performing, it is obtained from the position feedback value ⁇ rm. Further, the control switch 41 obtains the moving speed of the armature 6a from the speed feedback value ⁇ rm when performing vector control.
- the control switching unit 41 determines that the current position of the armature 6a is in any stop area based on the stop area coordinate data, the armature 6a among the plurality of position sensors 8 is positioned.
- the position information switcher 9 is controlled so as to output the position information from the position sensor 8 attached to the stopping area.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing example of the control switch 41 of the driver 30 according to the second embodiment.
- the same elements as those in FIG. 10 are identical elements as those in FIG. 10
- the control switch 41 determines whether or not the current position of the armature 6a is in the stop region (step S4). At this time, if the current position of the armature 6a is in the stop region (step S4: YES), the control switch 41 determines that vector control is to be performed (step S5), and proceeds to step S1.
- the control switch 41 outputs a vector control command to the position controller 31, the speed controller 32, and the position / speed estimator 33. Then, the position / speed estimator 33 stops the operation.
- the position controller 31 outputs the speed command ⁇ * rm to the speed controller 32 based on the position command ⁇ * rm and the position feedback value ⁇ rm, while the output of the position command ⁇ * rm to the phase detector 36 is stopped. Let it be in a state.
- the speed controller 32 calculates the q-axis current command i * qa based on the speed command ⁇ * rm and the speed feedback value ⁇ rm. Moreover, the speed controller 32 sets the d-axis current command i * qa to 0.
- the phase detector 36 calculates the electrical angle ⁇ * re corresponding to the position information from the position information switch 9. In this way, the driver 30 performs vector control.
- control switch 41 moves the armature 6a when the current position of the armature 6a is not in the stop region, that is, when the armature 6a is in the passage region (step S4: NO). It is determined whether or not the speed is equal to or higher than speed ⁇ (step S1). At this time, if the moving speed is equal to or higher than the speed ⁇ (step S1: YES), the control switch 41 determines to perform sensorless vector control (step S2), and proceeds to step S1. The operation of each part at this time is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- step S3 determines to perform the open loop control (step S3), and proceeds to step S1.
- the operation of each part at this time is the same as that in the first embodiment. In this way, the control switch 41 repeats the control loop.
- the control switch 41 detects by the position sensor 8 instead of the sensorless vector control and the open loop control. Since the vector control is performed based on the position of the armature 6a, the stop accuracy of the armature 6a in the stop region can be increased. On the other hand, the armature 6a can be smoothly moved by sensorless vector control when only passing through the passage area, while the armature 6a is stopped at a desired position even when the armature 6a is stopped in the passage area. Control can be performed. Moreover, even if the armature 6a stops once in the passage region due to an emergency stop or the like, it can be returned.
- the vector control is always performed when the current position of the armature 6a is in the stop region.
- the vector control is performed only when the armature 6a is stopped in the stop region. May be performed.
- sensorless vector control or open loop control may be performed according to the moving speed of the armature 6a.
- the linear scale 7 is attached to the slider 4 and the position sensor 8 is attached to the base 5.
- the linear scale 7 is attached to the stop region of the base 5 and the position sensor 8 is attached to the slider 4. It may be attached. In this case, only one position sensor 8 can be used, and the cost can be reduced because it is not necessary to attach the linear scale 7 to the passage region.
- the armature 6a is attached to the slider 4 and the magnet plate 6b is attached to the base 5.
- the armature 6a is attached to the base 5 and the magnet plate 6b is attached to the slider 4. Also good.
- the present invention is applied to a flat type linear synchronous motor, but may be applied to a rod type linear synchronous motor.
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Abstract
Description
以下、リニア同期モータとして、フラットタイプのリニア同期モータに本発明を適用した場合における実施形態について説明する。
まず、第1実施形態に係るリニアモータシステム1の構成を、図1を用いて説明する。ここで、図1は、第1実施形態に係るリニアモータシステム1の概要構成を示す図である。
次に、本実施形態においてドライバ4が行うオープンループ制御の原理について、図2を用いて説明する。ここで、図2は、第1実施形態に係るオープンループ制御を説明するための同期モータを示す概略図である。図3は、第1実施形態に係るオープンループ制御を説明するための制御装置の一例を示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施形態に係るドライバ3の構成について、図5を用いて説明する。ここで、図5は、第1実施形態に係るドライバ3の概要構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施形態に係るドライバ3の動作について、図7を用いて説明する。ここで、図7は、第1実施形態に係るドライバ3の制御切替器41の処理例を示すフローチャートである。
次に、第2実施形態について用いて説明する。
まず、第2実施形態に係るリニアモータシステム10の構成を、図8を用いて説明する。ここで、図8は、第2実施形態に係るリニアモータシステム10の概要構成を示す図であり、同図において、図1と同様の要素については同様の符号を付してある。
次に、本実施形態に係るドライバ30のについて、図9を用いて説明する。ここで、図9は、第2実施形態に係るドライバ30の概要構成の一例を示すブロック図であり、同図において、図5と同様の要素については同様の符号を付してある。
次に、本実施形態に係るドライバ30の動作について、図10を用いて説明する。図10は、第2実施形態に係るドライバ30の制御切替器41の処理例を示すフローチャートであり、同図において、図7と同様の要素については同様の符号を付してある。
6b マグネットプレート、 7 リニアスケール、 8 位置センサ、 9 位置情報切替器、 31 位置制御器、 32 速度制御器、 33 位置速度推定器、 34 q軸電流制御器、 35 d軸電流制御器、 36 位相検出器、 37 電力変換器、 38 電流検出器、 39 ベクトル回転器・3相交流/d-q座標変換器、 40 ベクトル回転器・d-q座標/3相交流変換器、 41 制御切替器、 42 位置検出器、 43 速度検出器
Claims (4)
- 電機子から発生する磁界の移動によって可動子が移動するリニア同期モータの当該電機子に流れる電流を制御するリニア同期モータ制御方法において、
前記可動子の移動速度が、所定のセンサレスベクトル制御によって前記可動子を前記電機子から発生する磁界の移動に同期して移動させることができる範囲内の予め定められた所定速度より速い場合には、当該センサレスベクトル制御を用いて前記電機子に流れる電流を制御し、
前記可動子の移動速度が前記所定速度よりも遅い場合には、界磁の作る磁束の方向をd軸とし、d軸に対してπ/2進んだ位相をq軸とするd-q座標において、位置指令に対応したd軸の電気角を生成し、d軸電機子に電流が流れ、且つq軸電機子に電流が流れないように、d軸電機子電流及びq軸電機子電流を制御することを特徴とするリニア同期モータ制御方法。 - 請求項1に記載のリニア同期モータ制御方法において、
前記可動子の移動可能範囲のうち、リニアスケールを読み取り前記可動子の位置を検出する位置センサによって当該位置を検出することができる範囲を前記可動子が移動しているときに当該可動子を停止させる場合には、当該位置センサによって検出された前記可動子の位置に基づいて前記電機子に流れる電流を制御することを特徴とするリニア同期モータ制御方法。 - 電機子から発生する磁界の移動によって可動子が移動するリニア同期モータの当該電機子に流れる電流を制御する制御装置において、
所定のセンサレスベクトル制御を用いて前記電機子に流れる電流を制御するセンサレスベクトル制御手段と、
オープンループ制御を用いて前記電機子に流れる電流を制御するオープンループ制御手段と、
前記電機子に流れる電流を制御させる制御手段を選択する選択手段と、
を備え、
前記オープンループ制御手段は、
界磁の作る磁束の方向をd軸とし、d軸に対してπ/2進んだ位相をq軸とするd-q座標において、位置指令に対応したd軸の電気角を生成する位相生成手段と、
位置指令に対応したd軸の電気角を生成する位相生成手段と、
前記電機子に流れる3相交流電流を検出する電流検出手段と、
前記位相生成手段が生成した前記電気角に基づいて、前記電流検出手段が検出した3相交流電流を、d軸電機子電流及びq軸電機子電流に座標変換する3相交流/d-q座標変換手段と、
d軸電機子に電流が流れ、且つq軸電機子に電流が流れないように、d軸電機子電流及びq軸電機子電流を制御する電流制御手段と、
を有し、
前記選択手段は、
前記可動子の移動速度が、前記センサレスベクトル制御によって前記可動子を前記電機子から発生する磁界の移動に同期して移動させることができる範囲内の予め定められた所定速度より速い場合には、前記センサレスベクトル制御手段を選択し、前記可動子の移動速度が前記所定速度よりも遅い場合には、前記オープンループ制御手段を選択することを特徴とする制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の制御装置において、
リニアスケールを読み取り前記可動子の位置を検出する位置センサによって検出された当該位置に基づいて、フィードバック制御を用いて前記電機子に流れる電流の制御を行うフィードバック制御手段を更に備え、
前記選択手段は、
前記可動子の移動可能範囲のうち、前記位置センサによって当該位置を検出することができる範囲を前記可動子が移動しているときに当該可動子を停止させる場合には、前記フィードバック制御手段を選択することを特徴とする制御装置。
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US13/060,952 US8310182B2 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2009-08-21 | Linear synchronous motor control method and control apparatus |
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DE112009002086T5 (de) | 2011-07-07 |
CN102171923A (zh) | 2011-08-31 |
CN102171923B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
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