WO2010021564A1

WO2010021564A1 - Method for fine crushing of lump material

Info

Publication number: WO2010021564A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000046
Authority: WO
Inventors: Анатолий Михайлович Иванов; Александр Анатольевич ИВАНОВ; Сергей Александрович ПОТАПОВ; Владимир Петрович ПОНОМАРЕВ
Original assignee: Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Kвapц"
Priority date: 2008-08-04
Filing date: 2009-02-04
Publication date: 2010-02-25
Also published as: EA201100314A1; EP2319624B1; RU2008132373A; EA017555B1; EP2319624A1; EP2319624A4

Abstract

The invention relates to crushing of solid materials and can be used in the mining, building, chemical and other industries for fine crushing of lump materials of any strength, the fine fraction of which ranges from 30 to10 mm. The inventive method for fine crushing of lump material in a disc mill involves transporting initial material under effect of gravity and centrifugal forces to a crushing area between two co-rotating discs. The axes of rotation of the discs are positioned at an angle to each other and the working surface thereof is shaped in the form of an inner cone. The discs are rigidly attached to each other and synchronously rotate so that pieces of material which are bound by the discs are additionally forcedly transported to a crushing area. Said invention makes it possible to increase crushing performance and to reduce energy consumption.

Description

The method of fine crushing of bulk material and a device for its implementation

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to a technology for crushing solid materials and can be used in mining, construction, chemical, metallurgical and other industries for fine crushing of lumpy materials of a small fraction of 30-10 mm of any strength.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Several methods for crushing bulk material are known.

The scheme for organizing the crushing process in them includes the processes of supplying the source material to the crushing zone, breaking up the piece (s) and transporting the finished product outside the crusher. Moreover, in the existing crushing methods, mainly two main types of destruction of pieces of material are realized

- crushing or "free yupar", and the material is transported by gravity or centrifugal forces.

So in jaw and cone crushers (“Guide to enrichment of the pyd”, vol. 1 M. 1972, pp. 122-148), the piece is destroyed by quasistatic crushing between the working surfaces (cheeks, cones) with the horizontal direction of the loads. In this case, the supply of the source material and the conclusion of the finished product is carried out in the vertical direction due to the action of gravity. This is shown schematically in FIG. Ia. The use of known methods for fine crushing is limited by the low productivity of these processes on a fine fraction, mainly associated with the dependence of the speed of passage material in the crushing zone from the action of gravity. Ultimately, it is this dependence that determines the limiting frequency of oscillations of moving elements (cheeks, cones) and, accordingly, the ultimate crushing performance. In addition, these methods are ineffective for fine crushing for structural reasons. For this reason, in existing industrial processing schemes, grinding of a fraction of 30-10 mm of materials of medium and high strength is usually carried out in ball or rod drum mills. The process of destruction of materials in such mills is purely probabilistic in nature and is accompanied by significant energy consumption, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the energy consumption for crushing a similar size class in crushers. This significantly affects the total cost of the final product.

A similar structure to the organization of the crushing process in the method of crushing materials by high-pressure roll crushers (roller presses) (US patent N ° 4.357.287), which consists in creating a high-intensity stress state in the material passing between the two rolls (Fig. 16).

The main difference between this scheme and the previous one is that the generated stress state is volumetric, and the effect is directed to the flow of bulk material, which implies a significant increase in crushing performance. The disadvantage of this method is its limited use for crushing materials of high strength. Among the crushing methods that implement loading with a “free kick”, one can distinguish crushing by centrifugal-impact devices, hammer and rotary crushers. Rotor and hammer type crushers are designed for crushing materials of low strength.

In the method of crushing by centrifugal impact devices (see, for example, US patent JV 4.921.173) (Fig. Lc), the pieces of the initial product are fed vertically into the workspace due to free fall, then they are given a high speed in a rapidly rotating accelerating device in radial direction. The destruction of the piece occurs due to the free hit of the piece on the armor. The conclusion of the finished class is also due to the free fall of the pieces. The disadvantages of this method is the low efficiency of its use for crushing materials of small size class (below 15-20 mm), especially for materials of medium and high strength, due to the small mass of the piece and, therefore, its low kinetic energy.

Known methods of crushing lump materials using disk mills. The closest to the method according to the technical essence of the invention is a technical solution according to US patent JVb 5.836.523 (Fig. Ir) in which loading is implemented "free". The destruction of the material is carried out here with the help of two disks located one above the other and rotating in the same direction at high speed. The source material through a hole in the upper disk enters the lower disk, after which it is discarded by centrifugal forces on the upper conical disk. The destruction of the piece occurs due to stresses arising upon impact in the piece. The finished class is also removed by centrifugal forces through an adjustable gap between the rotating discs. The method manages to provide significant feed rates of crushed material to the fracture zone, as well as a high discharge rate of the finished class through the use of centrifugal forces. The disadvantage of this method is the ineffective organization of the destruction process due to its probabilistic nature. The stresses arising during impacts are not high enough, this limits the applicability of the method to relatively weak materials.

The closest to the device by technical essence is a device for crushing (US patent JM ° 1.072.193), which includes a system of two rotating shafts, one of which is hollow, the other is solid. The integral shaft is placed inside the hollow so that the axis of rotation of the shafts do not match.

The shafts are connected using a ball joint, which allows for unidirectional rotation of the shafts. At the ends of the shafts, discs are installed, which are the working bodies of the crusher. Common features of this invention with the claimed device are the rotation of the disks in one direction, the location of the axes of rotation of the disks at angles to each other.

The disadvantages of the known device are: 1. Significant dimensions of the device, - the length of the device is 6 ÷ 7 times the diameter of the working body. This, apparently, is associated with the level of development of technology of that time and, accordingly, the need to increase the ratio of leverage. Slow-speed transmission cannot provide the transmission of moments necessary for the destruction of rocks with a strength of more than 10-12 units. on the Protodyakonov scale.

2. The technical complexity of the device, which does not meet modern requirements of reliability, maintainability and high operating costs when processing large volumes of materials.

3. The lack of a system to protect the device from breakdowns when ingestible bodies are hit. 4. The absence of a sealed discharge casing that prevents the spread of dust outside the device.

5. The device does not provide for the use of high energy material discharged at high speed for impact destruction.

6. The device does not provide synchronization of rotation of the grinding organs, which sharply reduces the efficiency of crushing, and also makes it impossible to use grinding organs with a complex profile, for example, gear.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks, increase the performance of fine crushing of lump materials of various strengths, reduce energy consumption for processes of fine crushing, create a simple technical design device for fine crushing of lump material. The problem is solved in that in the method of fine crushing of lumpy material in a disk-type mill, including the transportation of the source material due to gravity and centrifugal forces to the crushing zone between two disks rotating in the same direction, the axis of rotation of which are located at an angle to each other and which each has a working surface in the form of an inner cone, the destruction of pieces of material in the zone of convergence of the disks and the output of the crushed product due to centrifugal forces, characterized in that they use dis ki rotating synchronously with the provision of additional forced transportation of pieces of material connected by disks to the zone of convergence of the disks.

It is advisable to additionally grind the crushed product by sending pieces of material exiting the device due to centrifugal forces to armor lining.

The problem is also solved by a device for fine crushing of lump materials, containing a fixed support stand and a rotating part mounted on it, including a first disk having a central loading hole, and a lower disk, the axis of rotation of which is inclined to the axis of rotation of the first disk, both disks having each the working surface in the form of an inner cone, in which according to the invention both disks are rigidly connected to each other to ensure their synchronous rotation.

In addition, the second disk can be mounted on a pestle with a supporting spherical surface, the first disk and pestle with a second disk are mounted on a massive flywheel pulley in such a way that the pestle is supported by its supporting spherical surface on the supporting inner spherical surface of the flywheel pulley, on which a leash pin is inserted, which enters the groove located along the axis on the spherical surface of the pestle to provide a rigid force connection of the two disks and the synchronization of their rotation.

In addition, the first disk is preferably mounted on a package of two plates, between which compression springs are located with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction due to the compression of the spring in the event of crushing of solid bodies. The device may also contain a shelter in the form of a housing containing a conical loading chute and armor mounted around the perimeter of the housing against the discharge gap between the disks for impact grinding of the product.

In addition, the disks can be made with protrusions and depressions of the gear shape, and the protrusions of the upper disk are included in the hollows of the lower disk.

Preferably, the ratio of the radius of the discs to the length of the pestle is in the range 1: 1.5 - 1: 4, and the angle of inclination of the axes of rotation of the discs is in the range of 0.5 ° - ZR. In the proposed method of fine crushing of lumpy material in a disk-type mill (Fig. Ld), which includes the processes of feeding the source material into the interdisc space due to the gravity TPIg, transporting the starting material into the crushing zone by centrifugal forces in the horizontal direction ТРlс.с, and withdrawing the crushed product also using centrifugal forces TP2c.c. additionally, the process of transporting the piece in the bound state of the TRsv is introduced, and the destruction of the pieces is carried out due to efforts directed perpendicular to the surfaces of the working bodies and arising in the approach phase of two synchronously rotating disks connected into a single system, the axis of rotation of which are located at an angle to each other. The transport of pieces rigidly fixed between the working bodies of the crusher, which is implemented due to the synchronization of rotation and the rigid interconnection of the rotating disks, provides for the forced “pulling” of pieces of material into the crushing zone, and thus allows you to organize the most effective intensive dynamic action on the piece, during which the piece is destroyed .

Thus, the connectedness and cyclicality of the rotational movement of the disks makes it possible to compose a system of equally effective elements of the crushing process and, as a result, obtain a high-speed closed conveyor of interconnected, time-coordinated processes of transport and destruction of pieces of material. The execution of all necessary functions is then localized in zones (Fig. 2). So, the transport function of the initial product TRlc.s is mainly performed in zone A, zone B is the zone of the connected movement of the piece Trcv and crushing of Drl and the zone B is the unloading zone TP2c.c. All these processes proceed in parallel, while the performance of both individual elements of the crushing process, and the whole process as a whole is determined by the number of revolutions of the disk system, and can be limited only by purely technical reasons.

The synchronization of rotation of the disks allows the use of the working surfaces of the gear shape to ensure entry protrusions of the upper disk into the lower troughs, which makes it possible to significantly increase the crushing efficiency of the bulk material due to the formation of bending stresses in the piece. In addition, for the fullest use of the kinetic energy of pieces of crushed material flying at high speed from the device, it provides for the installation of special armor around the perimeter of the casing, which allows to finish pieces of the finished product Дp2, weakened during the crushing operation Дрl due to shock loads.

An important advantage of the scheme for organizing the crushing process proposed in the method is the possibility of realizing increased gripping angles of the piece and, therefore, high degrees of crushing. The bound state of a piece, as experience shows, can be realized at angles α of opening of working bodies up to 45 °.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

In Fig.l (a-d) shows a diagram of known methods of crushing, Fig.ld is a diagram of the proposed method of crushing. Figure 2 shows the zone of the disk, which are the processes of transport (zone A), the associated movement (zone B) and unloading (zone C) of the material.

In Fig.Z is a schematic diagram of a device for implementing the crushing method. Figure 4 is a detailed diagram of the proposed device, an axial section. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

INVENTIONS

The method of fine crushing of bulk material is as follows (Fig. 3). The material, having hit the lower disk 4 under the action of centrifugal forces, moves along its surface towards the periphery to the place where the piece size and the size of the gap between the disks 4 and 5 are the same. Then, moving in conjunction with synchronously rotating disks, the piece is forcibly sent to the zone of convergence of the disks (crushing zone), where it is intensively squeezed and destroyed. In the process of destruction, the size of the piece becomes smaller than the gap, this allows the piece to continue moving under the action of centrifugal forces in the radial direction to the periphery of the disks 4 and 5 to the place where the size of the piece and the distance between the disks coincide again. As the discs approach, the piece is re-clamped and destroyed. This is repeated several times. Having reached a size smaller than the distance between the edges of the disks, the crushed material is removed by centrifugal forces from the crushing zone. After that, he is quickly discarded outside the crushing device and, hitting the armor 14 installed opposite the discharge gap, is subjected to additional destruction. Thus, the grinding of weakened pieces of material due to intense impact loads occurs.

It should be noted that the nature of the interaction of a piece in a bound state with synchronously rotating disks makes it possible to realize a harmonic curve deployment of stress over time with minimization of shear stresses, ensures guaranteed fracture of the piece, and also allows to significantly reduce wear of the working bodies. In addition, the dynamic nature of the impact allows to achieve high degrees of crushing.

The most effectively proposed method of fine crushing of bulk material can be implemented in the proposed device (Fig. 4).

The device consists of a frame 22, on which a vertical support column 1 is installed, which is also a sliding bearing of the entire rotating system of the device. A bearing sleeve 16 of antifriction material is pressed into the support column 1. A pulley-flywheel 2 rotates on a support stand 1, into which a pest 3 is inserted, resting on a spherical support surface on the inner spherical surface of the flywheel pulley 2. The cylindrical part of the pestle 3 is inserted into the bearing sleeve 16, the axis of which is inclined to the axis of the device (axis of the upper disk 7 ) at an angle β °. the axis of the pestle 3 and the axis of the device intersect at point 0, which coincides with the center of the supporting spherical surfaces of the pestle 3 and the flywheel pulley 2. On the upper plane of the pestle 3, a movable lower disk 4 is installed and fixed, having a working surface in the shape of an inner cone. The conical protrusion in the center of the disk 4 is designed for better distribution of the material when loading. In the spherical surface of the flywheel pulley 2, a finger-leash 19 is pressed in, which enters the groove of the pestle 3 on its spherical surface along a sliding fit. To the flywheel pulley 2 through the distance bushings 12 using high-strength studs 8 a bag of a base plate 5, springs 11 and a hold-down plate is installed 6. The bag is assembled with bolts 10 and tightened with nuts 9 to the studs.

On the base plate 5, a fixed armor 7 is installed and bolted, having a working surface in the form of an inner cone and a central opening for loading material. The washer 20 mounted on the lower end of the pestle 3 is bolted and serves to prevent the pestle and the entire rotating system from moving in the vertical direction. The device is driven by a V-belt (Fig. 4) or a gear drive from an electric motor. The flywheel pulley 2, the V-belt drive and the motor pulley are isolated from the rest of the device space by a hermetic casing 15. The device is covered by a housing 13 with a conical estrus mounted on it to supply material to be ground. On the housing 13 opposite the slits of the grinding organs are fixed around the entire perimeter of the armor 14 (armor lining), designed for impact destruction of pieces of material discharged from the grinding organs at high speed. In the plate of the bed of the device there are windows (Fig. 4), connected in the lower part of the plate in a single heat and used to unload the finished product from the device for further processing.

The device operates as follows. When the electric motor is turned on, the rotational movement is transmitted by means of a V-belt transmission to the flywheel pulley 2, which rotates on a fixed vertical support post 1. Together with the flywheel pulley, all related parts rotate. Finger-leash 19 transmits the rotation of the pestle 3, providing the rotation of the lower disk 5 synchronous with the flywheel pulley 2. The base plate 5 also rotates synchronously with the flywheel pulley 2, on which the upper disc 7 is mounted. The synchronization of rotation of the lower 4 and upper 7 discs creates an effect forced transport of pieces of material into crushing zone B, and the rigid kinematic connection of these disks provides a complete transfer of the breaking load from the working bodies to pieces of material. Due to the fact that the cylindrical part of the pestle 3 is installed in an eccentrically located bearing sleeve 16, and its spherical part rests on the inner spherical surface of the flywheel pulley 2, the axis of rotation of the pest 3 is shifted by a predetermined angle β relative to the axis of rotation of the flywheel pulley 2. For this reason, the distance between the surfaces of the lower and upper disks 4 and 7 during their rotation is not the same and varies on the periphery of the disks 4 and 7 from a minimum b to a maximum B value (Fig. C). Destructive stresses occur when a piece in a bound state moves to zone B — the zone of approach of the disks (Fig. 2). The magnitude of the loads resulting from this is determined by the ratio of K of radius R of the disc 4.7 to the length L of the pestle 3 (K = R / L), as well as the angle β. As practice has shown, the ratio K is optimal in the range from 1: 1.5 to 1: 4. With a ratio of less than 1: 1, 5, it is not possible to ensure the implementation of destructive forces, with a ratio of more than 1: 4, the degree of crushing of the material sharply decreases. The angle β is in the range of 0.5 ° - f and depends on the overall dimensions device and the desired particle size distribution of the finished product.

To confirm the operability of this method of grinding was made a working sample of the device with a diameter of 200 mm

Granite of the Pavlovsk deposit with a strength of 15 units was taken as experimental material. on the scale of prof. Protodyakonova and ferruginous quartzites of the Mikhailovsky GOK with a strength of up to 20 units. on the scale of prof. Protodyakonova. The test results are summarized in table 1. The analysis of the samples was carried out in the central laboratory of the OJSC “Mikhailovsky GOK”.

Tests have shown (table 1) that the device is operational, and its performance is almost independent of the strength of the material. The obtained actual data on energy consumption, productivity and degree of grinding almost coincide with theoretical calculations. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Approximating the obtained results, we can conclude that this device, reproduced on an industrial scale with a diameter of the working body

600 mm at n = 720 rpm can replace the mill of the 1st stage of grinding of the type МШP-3,2xЗ, l. The weight of the device will be no more than 8 tons, which is more than 10 times lower than the weight of the specified mill, and the installed engine power will be no more than 90 kW (versus 630 kW on the drive motor of the specified mill).

Claims

CLAIM

1. The method of fine crushing of lump material in a disk-type mill, including the transportation of the source material due to gravity and centrifugal forces to the crushing zone between two disks rotating in the same direction, the axis of rotation of which are located at an angle to each other and which have each working surface in the shape of the inner cone, the destruction of pieces of material in the zone of convergence of the disks and the output of the crushed product due to centrifugal forces, characterized in that they use disks rotating synchronously with m additional forced conveying pieces of material connected disks, in convergence zone discs.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it further crushed the crushed product by sending pieces of material coming out of the device due to centrifugal forces to armor lining.

3. A device for fine crushing of lump materials, comprising a fixed support stand and a rotating part mounted thereon, including a first disk having a central loading hole, and a lower disk, the axis of rotation of which is inclined to the axis of rotation of the first disk, both disks having each working surface in the form of an inner cone, characterized in that both discs are rigidly connected to each other to ensure their synchronous rotation.

4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the second disk is mounted on a pestle with a supporting spherical surface, the first disk and pestle with a second disk are mounted on a massive pulley to the flywheel in such a way that the pestle rests on its supporting spherical surface on the supporting inner spherical surface of the flywheel pulley, on which a leash pin is inserted, which enters the groove located on the spherical surface of the pestle to provide a rigid force connection between the two disks and synchronize their rotation.

5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the first disk is mounted on a package of two plates, between which compression springs are located with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction due to compression of the spring in the event of crushing of solid bodies.

6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a shelter in the form of a housing containing a conical loading heat and armor mounted around the perimeter of the housing against the discharge gap between the disks for impact grinding of the product.

7. The device according to p. 3 characterized in that the disks are made with protrusions and depressions of a gear shape, and the protrusions of the upper disk are included in the hollows of the lower disk.

8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the radius of the disks to the length of the pestle is in the range of 1: 1.5 - 1: 4, and the angle between the axes of rotation of the disks is in the range of 0.5 ° - f.