RU2393920C2 - Method of crushing construction materials and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to appliances and method of construction material pulverisation and can be widely used in construction. Device to crush construction materials comprises housing with outer cone and spherical support of inner cone with shaft and driven vibrator running in bearing on said shaft. Said driven vibrator is driven by driving vibrator accommodated in housing bearing. Center of gravity of driving vibrator is located in vertical plane with its position some 25-35° staying ahead of vertical plane, with respect to vibrator direction of rotation, whereat is located center of gravity of inner cone vibrators.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for fine grinding of building materials and can be most widely used in the construction industry.

Currently, the process of grinding cement clinker and other binders in ball mills to a fineness of less than 0.071 mm absorbs about 35 kWh of electricity per 1 ton of finished product when grinding bodies wear up to 2.5 kg per 1 ton. In Losh centrifugal roller mills these values are 15% lower.

Such high energy costs and wear are explained by an inefficient method of applying forces to the material.

In this regard, the search for new energy- and resource-saving methods of grinding materials is a very urgent task.

A known method of grinding materials in ball mills (Vaysberg L.A., Zarogatsky L.P., Turkin V.Ya. Vibratory crushers, VSEGEI, SP, 2004, p. 46, Fig. 14), including a massive impact on the crushed material of falling or balls moving relative to each other. The balls are in contact with each other and with the lining of the mill at a point, so the efficiency of the process of grinding the material falling into their contact zone is very low.

A known method of intralayer grinding of material (advertising of hydraulic presses of the company ThyssenKrupp Polysius at www.polysius.com), comprising compressing a layer of material between two grinding media. The method is implemented in roll crushers, where the rolls are pressed against each other by hydraulic cylinders. The material loaded between the rolls is compressed with a force significantly exceeding the tensile strength of pieces of material. Therefore, after the destruction of the material leaves the gap between the rolls in the form of pressed plates, requiring additional destruction, and therefore, additional energy for this process.

A known grinding method, taken as the closest analogue, is carried out in an inertial cone crusher (AS USSR No. 1230671, V02C 2/00, 2/02 of 05/15/1986), including the destruction of the material inside its own layer by compression and shear between two grinding rolling elements. The vibrational interaction of bodies significantly increases the activity of grinding, which increases the degree of grinding and productivity in comparison with the previous analogue.

However, the achieved technological parameters are not yet sufficient to replace ball mills.

The objective of the proposed method is to reduce energy consumption for the process of intralayer grinding at least 6-8 times in comparison with a ball mill, 2 times in comparison with hydraulic presses or 30% in comparison with the prototype.

The problem is solved in that in the method of destruction of the material inside its own layer by compression and shear between two grinding grinding bodies in accordance with the present invention, both types of deformation are given an alternating character, and at the moment of removing the load, particles of finished material are forcibly removed from the deformation zone.

It is known that any material is destroyed much more easily if the forces acting on it have a counter-alternating direction, and if they also act in different planes with respect to the deformation center, then the effect only intensifies. In addition, such forces spin the external grinding body in the orbit of a circular pendulum, which creates a centrifugal force in the discharge zone. The same forces loosen the layer of material after deformation. The combined effect of these forces provides the conditions for the immediate evacuation of the finished particle product to the underlying layers after each cycle of layer deformation. The result is a more active removal of the finished product from the grinding chamber.

Thus, in the inventive method, the main rule of grinding is implemented: do not grind anything superfluous.

The industrial implementation of the method was carried out in a machine with two grinding rolling elements, each of which is equipped with its own vibrodrive. The working surfaces of the grinding bodies form a grinding chamber into which the material to be crushed is loaded by gravity from the hopper under the pressure of the mass of its column. Vibrating grinding bodies provide shear and compression deformation of the layer, and gravitational and centrifugal forces create conditions for active forced evacuation of the finished particle size from the layer. The process is carried out in a closed cycle with the return of the under-ground material to the grinding chamber.

Work on grinding cement clinker in various modes (variable frequency, force, gap between bodies) showed that the proposed method reduces energy consumption in comparison with ball mills by 6-8 times, in comparison with hydraulic presses by 2 times, and in comparison with the prototype by 30%.

Thus, the hallmarks of the proposed method provide a solution to the problem.

To implement the claimed method uses a vibratory pulse mill.

Known vibration crusher (US patent No. 4592517 from 06/03/1986), containing a housing with an outer cone and a spherical support for the inner cone with a shaft on which the vibrator is placed. When the vibrator rotates, a centrifugal force is created, forcing the inner cone to make a gyration movement with rolling in the outer cone through a layer of material.

The material layer is subjected to alternating vibrational compression. At the time of pressure removal, the fine fraction due to gravity is removed from the zone of compression of the layer. The device allows to reduce energy consumption in comparison with ball mills by 3 times and in comparison with hydraulic mills - by 1.2 times.

Known for the closest analogue is the vibration crusher (AS USSR No. 1347974 dated 06/28/1984), comprising a housing with an outer cone and a spherical support for the inner cone with a shaft on which a vibrator driven by an anti-vibrator mounted by means of a bearing is mounted in the bearing of the housing. In the known mill, the effect of grinding the material inside its own layer is more significant in comparison with the previous analogue due to the presence of two out-of-phase vibrators that increase the compression force of the layer. As a result, energy consumption in comparison with ball mills is reduced by 4.5 times, and in comparison with hydraulic roller presses - by 1.4 times.

However, in these analogues is not yet achieved the solution of the problem of the proposed method.

The objective of the present invention is the achievement of the goal set in the claimed method, that is, the creation of a mill that, due to its structural, kinematic and dynamic characteristics, reduces energy consumption for grinding in comparison with a ball mill by 6-8 times, in comparison with hydraulic presses by 2 times , and in comparison with the prototype by 30%.

The problem is solved in that in a known mill containing a housing with an outer cone and a spherical support for the inner cone with a shaft and a driven vibrator mounted on it using a bearing, the drive of which is a driving vibrator located in the bearing of the housing, while the center of gravity of the driving vibrator in accordance with the present invention is placed in a vertical plane, the position of which is 25-35 ° ahead of the vertical plane in which the center of gravity is located in the direction of rotation of the vibrators ibrator of an internal cone.

Figure 1 in longitudinal section shows the proposed device for implementing the method, and figure 2 is a top view of the driven and driving vibrators of the grinding media of the device.

The device (Fig. 1) comprises a housing 1 with an external grinding cone 2 and a spherical support 3 for an internal grinding cone 4 with a shaft 5 on which a vibrator 7 is mounted using a bearing 6. A vibrator 9 of the outer cone 2 is mounted in the bearing 8 of the housing 1. the gravity “A” and “B”, respectively, of the vibrators of the inner cone 4 and the outer cone 2 lie in the same horizontal plane. The vibrator 9 is connected by a V-belt drive 10 with the engine 11. The vibrator 9 (Fig. 2) is made by the drive element of the vibrator 7. The center of gravity “B” lies in the vertical plane “C”, which is 25-35 ° ahead of the vertical plane “25” D ", in which lies the center of gravity" A "of the vibrator 7.

The device operates as follows. From the engine 11, through the V-belt drive 10, the rotation is transmitted to the vibrator 9, which in turn, as the pusher, drives the vibrator 7. Both vibrators create a centrifugal force, which is transmitted respectively to the housing 1 with the outer cone 2 (vibrator 9) and the inner cone 4 (vibrator 7 ) The material to be crushed fills the circular gap between the working surfaces of the grinding cones 2 and 4. Both cones receive circular motion in one direction and at the same time move in the direction of approach with the displacement of forces relative to the point of approach, which allows the material to effectively collapse inside its own layer.

However, the convergence of the cones occurs at an angle of 25-35 °, which leads to a shift of the layer at the time of its compression, leading to an increase in the degree of grinding by almost 2 times in comparison with the prototype, where the shift is weak. The selected lead angle in the range of 25-35 ° is optimal for shifting the opposing deformation forces and for a rational energy consumption in combination with a rational degree of grinding. Going beyond the specified angular range leads to irrational energy consumption and a decrease in the degree of grinding.

The pendulum movement of the cones and the grinding chamber creates a centrifugal force in its lower part, the component of which is directed downward towards the unloading side. In combination with the loosening effect of the layer, due to the interaction of counterpropagating, but shifted relative to the deformation center, the effect of evacuation of the crushed product is created in addition to the gravitational force, which increases the productivity of the mill.

Claims (2)

1. Device for grinding building materials, comprising a housing with an outer cone and a spherical support for the inner cone with a shaft and a driven vibrator mounted on it with a bearing, the drive of which is a driving vibrator located in the bearing of the housing, characterized in that the center of gravity of the driving vibrator is placed in a vertical plane, the position of which is 25-35 ° ahead of the vertical plane in the direction of rotation of the vibrators, in which the center of gravity of the vibrator of the inner cone is located. 2. The method of grinding building materials using the device according to claim 1, including the destruction of the material inside its own layer by compression and shear between two grinding rolling elements, characterized in that both types of deformation are given an alternating character, and at the time of removing the load, material particles are removed from the deformation zone finished size.

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