RU2128082C1 - Method of crushing materials in cone-type crusher and cone-type crusher used for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: secondary and fine crushing of materials in cone-type crushers. SUBSTANCE: inner cone is vibrated at free amplitude which depends on resistance of layer of material but not on magnitude of eccentricity. To this end, one-side contact of cones is first set in loading zone and force of their pressing is regulated in proportion with strength of material to be crushed and required degree of crushing. Then material is loaded from bin by gravity creating a pressure more than 0.7 t/sq.m at crushing chamber inlet, after which crusher is placed in operation under load and crushing is started. Housing of drive eccentric of cone-type crusher is positioned freely relative to housing of crusher and both ends are provided with flexible coupling, support and crushing force control unit. EFFECT: increased degree of crushing. 3 cl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for medium and fine crushing of materials in cone crushers and to devices for its implementation. It can be used for crushing ores, building and metal materials.

 The technological lines existing in the world practice for crushing and grinding the material require the consistent installation of 2-4 machines, in particular cone crushers and mills.

 Due to the fact that the efficiency of mills does not exceed 1%, and in crushers it is close to 20%, there is a tendency to transfer the main part of the grinding work to crushers. However, over 140 years of the existence of cone crushers, it was possible to increase their degree of crushing from 4 to 7, although crushing of at least 30 is required for the aforementioned reduction in the number of equipment.

 The method of crushing to cone crushers is carried out by compression and shear deformation, however, the level of these deformations is determined by the amplitude of the inner cone, which has a certain value equal to the eccentricity of the drive eccentric of the inner cone. The rigid kinematic connection between the crushing cones allows efficiently crushing the material only in a thin layer, which leads to a decrease in productivity and to the possibility of breakage of the crusher. An attempt to establish a large discharge gap between the cones leads to a small deformation of the material layer and to a decrease in the degree of crushing under conditions of a constant amplitude of the cone.

 A known method of crushing material, carried out in a cone eccentric crusher type "Symons" (US patent N 3302896, 11/14/1965, B 02 C). The method includes setting a guaranteed discharge gap between the inner and external conical crushing bodies covering it, starting up the crusher, loading the crushing chamber with the processed material and crushing it.

 In the known method, the crushing force and the degree of crushing are not regulated, which can only be raised to 5-6 by setting a small discharge gap, which inevitably leads to a decrease in productivity. In addition, to avoid a decrease in the degree of crushing, the material is loaded into the crusher in a dosed manner, avoiding overflow of the crushing cavity. Another disadvantage of this method is the inability to start or stop the crusher with a completely filled crushing chamber in order to avoid breakage of the crusher mechanism, as well as the inability to maintain a stable degree of crushing during abrasive wear of crushing cones.

 Known for the prototype method of crushing the material, carried out in a cone eccentric crusher with hydraulic adjustment of the position of the inner cone in height and the size of the discharge gap (US patent N 3456889, 04/10/1967, B 02 C).

 The method will include setting a discharge gap with an inner and external conical crushing bodies, launching the crusher and imparting gyration to the inner cone relative to the crusher axis, and then loading the crusher with the processed material and crushing it.

 Just as in the analogue, the crushing force is not regulated in the known method, but it is possible to stabilize the size of the discharge gap by continuously compensating for the abrasive wear of the cones due to the automatically operating hydraulic system for adjusting the position of the inner cone. Thereby, a higher degree of crushing is achieved than in the analogue, equal to 6-8. In the prototype, other disadvantages of the analogue remain.

 Thus, existing methods of crushing in cone crushers do not allow to achieve a high degree of crushing, which could make it possible to replace several machines with one crusher. The main reason for this disadvantage of cone eccentric crushers is the rigid kinematic connection of the cones, which ensures the certainty of their movement relative to each other and the need to set a certain discharge gap. In other words, in the known crushing methods in cone eccentric crushers it is impossible to crush a thick layer of material with a given deformation, with a given force so that the material is destroyed mainly inside its layer against each other, thereby ensuring a high degree of crushing and high productivity.

 The aim of the proposed method is to reduce the stages of crushing and grinding by combining it in one unit.

 The objective of the above method is the organization of such a sequence of operations and the introduction of new operations that provide a high degree of crushing without compromising other technological parameters.

In the proposed method of crushing the material in a cone crusher, including setting the discharge gap in the discharge zone between the inner and the outer conical crushing bodies, the crusher is then launched and the first of the cones is given a gyration movement relative to the crusher axis, after which the processed material is loaded into the annular crushing chamber formed by the working surfaces of the cones, which carry out crushing during their approach and unloading of the crushed material during their expansion walking, in accordance with the present invention in the discharge zone establish one-sided contact of the cones and the force of their compression in proportion to the strength of the crushed material and the required degree of crushing, then load the material by gravity into the crushing chamber directly from the hopper under the pressure of the mass of material at the entrance to the crushing chamber of more than 0.7 t / m ² , then include a crusher and crushing.

 The optimal features of the proposed method provide the destruction of pieces of material about each other in their own thick layer, which in turn leads to an increase in the degree of crushing from 5-8 to 20-30. Thus, the method allows you to replace the stage of fine crushing and the first stage of grinding.

 The implementation of the method in a 7-foot eccentric cone crusher with a special crushing chamber, receiving 85% of granite pieces smaller than 120 mm, made it possible to obtain a product containing 85% of particles smaller than 5 mm with a capacity of 350 t / h and an installed engine power of 320 kW. The degree of crushing is 24.

 The proposed method can be implemented using a device whose main features coincide with those of traditional eccentric cone crushers.

 Known cone eccentric crusher (US patent N 3481548, 01/23/1967, B 02 C), comprising a housing with an outer cone, a spherical support for the inner housing, equipped with means for hydraulic adjustment of its height and a shaft mounted on it with a bearing a drive eccentric mounted in its own housing with a bearing and connected by a transmission to an electric motor.

 A disadvantage of the known invention is the presence of a rigid kinematic connection between the inner cone and the outer one. The eccentric body is rigidly connected to the crusher body, therefore, when the eccentric is rotated, the inner cone receives gyration oscillations corresponding to the eccentricity of the eccentric. Therefore, the layer of crushed material cannot be deformed by a value greater than the value of the eccentricity. Hence, the degree of crushing of such a machine does not exceed 7. In addition, such a machine cannot be switched on and stopped under load to avoid damage to the drive mechanism.

 Known for the prototype cone crusher (US patent N 4339087, September 8, 1980, B 02 C) comprising a housing with an outer cone, height adjustment means, a support for the inner cone with the shaft and a drive eccentric placed on it with a bearing, equipped with its own housing and connected to the transmission with an electric motor.

 In the proposed device in accordance with the claimed method, the eccentric body is freely positioned relative to the crusher body and both bodies are provided with elastic coupling with each other and the support of the device having means for adjusting the crushing force.

 Distinctive features of the claimed device allow you to control the amplitude of the inner cone and the mutual movement of the cones relative to each other, as well as adjust the crushing force and the amount of deformation of the layer of crushed material.

 In FIG. 1 shows in longitudinal section a structural diagram of an embodiment of a device that comprises a housing 1 with an outer cone 2 and a spherical support 3 for an inner cone 4 having a shaft 5, on which a drive cam 7 is mounted in the bearing 8 of the housing 9 using a hinge 6. The latter is mounted on a support 10 through spring elements and is coupled to the housing 1 by supporting shock absorbers 11 and radial shock absorbers 12 with adjustable stiffness. Shock absorbers can be made in the form of air shells with an adjustable supply of compressed air and water to adjust the stiffness. The outer cone 2 is interfaced with the housing 1 by means of a thread 13. The drive clown 7 is connected via a gear pair 14 to an electric motor.

The device operates as follows. The outer cone 2 is lowered by thread 13 to one-sided contact with the inner cone 4. In this case, the axis of the casing 1 is shifted from the crusher axis to the contact side on the shock absorbers 11 and 12. Then, the radial shock absorber 12 is given the rigidity necessary for crushing the material of a given strength. After that, the crusher is loaded with gravity material from the hopper, providing a pressure at the inlet of the crushing chamber of at least 0.7 g / m ² , then the crusher is turned on. When the eccentric 7 rotates, the inner cone 4 receives gyrational movements, rolling around the layer of crushed material, the deformation resistance of which presses it away from the outer cone 2. Thus, a gap corresponding to the established crushing force and the resistance of the material layer is formed in the cone contact area. The deviation of the casing 3 from the axis of the crusher depends on the stiffness of the shock absorbers 12 and the moment of inertia of the casing (the greater its mass and moment of inertia, the more the material layer is deformed). If the shock absorbers 11 and 12 are made absolutely rigid, then the machine turns into a prototype and the degree of crushing cannot be more than 7.

 In the proposed version, the conditions of Newton’s second law on the dynamic action of freely moving bodies are satisfied when the action is equal to the reaction MA - ma, where M and m are the masses of the bodies, respectively A and a are the accelerations of these bodies.

 In FIG. 2 shows in longitudinal section a structural diagram of another embodiment of the proposed device without deviating from the hallmarks.

 Its difference from the first option is to perform an eccentric 7, which in this case transfers centrifugal force to the inner cone 4, which is regulated by the number of loads 15 in the unbalanced part of the eccentric. To transmit the eccentric 7 of the torque from the gear pair 14, a hinge shaft 16 (similar in operation to the cardan shaft) is used, which is also a support for the eccentric. In addition, the eccentric 7 is equipped with a limiter for the amplitude of the inner cone, which is made in the form of a sleeve 18, mounted using bearings 17 in the housing 9.

 Thus, in the second embodiment, the device has the additional ability to adjust the crushing force and can be reduced to option 1, if the clown 7 is in contact with the sleeve 18.

 The proposed method is implemented in the described devices, the specific implementation of which is not limited to the presented two options.

Claims (2)

1. A method of crushing material in a cone crusher, including installing a discharge gap in the discharge zone between the inner and outer cones covering it, starting the crusher, imparting the first of the cones a gyration movement relative to the crusher axis, loading the processed material into the annular crushing chamber formed by the working surfaces of the cones, for crushing during its approach and unloading of crushed material at its discrepancy, characterized in that in the discharge zone dnostoronny contact cones and their clamping force is adjusted in proportion to the strength of crushed material and the desired degree of crushing, the material is then charged by gravity into the crushing chamber directly from a hopper bulk material under pressure at the inlet of the crushing chamber more than 0.7 t / m ^2, and then include the crusher is carried out splitting up.  2. A cone crusher for implementing the method, comprising a housing with an outer cone, height adjustment means, a support for the inner cone with a shaft and a drive clown located on it with a bearing, provided with its own housing and connected to the transmission with an electric motor, characterized in that the housing the eccentric is placed freely relative to the crusher body and both bodies are provided with elastic coupling with each other and a crushing force adjustment device made with support.

Images