WO2010009713A2

WO2010009713A2 - System for thermal insulation and/or wall repair of buildings

Info

Publication number: WO2010009713A2
Application number: PCT/DE2009/001018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Klaus HÖLSCHER; Winfried Stellmach; Tobias HÖLSCHER
Original assignee: Calsitherm Verwaltungs Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-07-25
Filing date: 2009-07-21
Publication date: 2010-01-28
Also published as: WO2010009713A3; DE102008035007A1

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide a system (10) for thermal insulation and/or wall repair of buildings, which should be cost-effective and provide an internal insulation, wherein apart from complying with the standards or regulations and providing the desired drop in heat energy consumption, other points of view, such as living comfort both in summer and winter, prevention of mold formation, structural damage caused by moisture, crystallization on wall surfaces, environmental compatibility and fire protection should be optimally taken into account. This aim is achieved by a system (10) comprising a first capillary active thermal insulation plate enabling water vapour diffusion (1), a second capillary active thermal insulation plate which also enables water vapour diffusion (2) and has a thermal insulation plate (3) that is centrally arranged between both thermal insulation plates. According to the invention, the centrally arranged thermal insulation plate exhibits a lower thermal conductivity than both the first and second thermal insulation plates, each thermal insulation plate consisting of an inorganic material.

Description

System for thermal insulation and / or wall renovation of buildings

The invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and / or wall renovation of buildings, a method and a use thereof.

In the internal insulation of buildings or its renovation, a variety of conditions and aspects are observed. In addition to the fulfillment of standards or regulations and a desired reduction of heating energy consumption, aspects such as comfortable living in summer and in winter, avoidance of mold, moisture-related structural damage, environmental compatibility and fire hazard must be taken into account.

From DE 197 06 223 A1 a wall restoration plate for salt-loaded wall is known. Here, the problem is taken into account that salts get into the wall together with the moisture in which they are dissolved. Once a wall has been dampened, it becomes more and more contaminated, because with increasing moisture, salts are deposited in the wall, which attract additional moisture due to their hygroscopic effect. As a result, salt crystal structures form on the wall surface. To remedy this problem, a calcium silicate plate is proposed which avoids the formation of fungi and germs, is nonflammable, has a high capillary action, a porosity of at least 80% by volume, a density of 250 kg / m ³ and is vapor permeable , Although the porosity of the wall insulation is indeed improved, but only inadequate, so that further measures are required to significantly reduce heating energy consumption.

In EP 0 570 012 B1 a thermal insulation for buildings is shown and described. A thermal insulation panel of mineral material for external or internal thermal insulation of exterior walls has a specific Weight of less than 250 kg / m ³ , a thermal conductivity value of less than 0.050 VWmK and a thickness of 20 to 100 mm. In the case of outside insulation, a plaster layer of mineral cleaning material is applied to the outside of the board. Overall, the plate with the plaster layer should be water vapor permeable. The panels are attached to the building wall using adhesive mortar. The plates should be close to each other next to each other or on top of each other, ie on a surface, as shown in the document, are fixed, avoiding joints. On the outside, a coating of silicone paint can be applied to improve the capillary waterproofness of the thermal insulation. Furthermore, between each panel and the plaster layer, a leveling compound layer with reinforcing mesh embedded therein should be applied. However, such an arrangement with such layers is only suitable for external thermal insulation. In addition, a number of layers are required, which can vary greatly in their properties, since they must be applied manually. For example, they can be applied with different thicknesses depending on which worker they are applied to. In addition, the application of layers is labor intensive and therefore expensive.

A thermal insulation panel for interior construction is shown in DE 101 46 174 C2. This comprises a calcium silicate plate with a water vapor diffusion value μ greater than 10 and a capillary activity of 5 -10 ^"5 to 5 -10 ^{" 11} m ² / s. This capillary-active plate is bonded to a rigid foam plate by an adhesive having a higher vapor diffusion resistance than the capillary-active plate. Furthermore, a vapor barrier, such as a plastic film is arranged between the capillary-active plate and the masonry.

For buildings will be built in addition to the on-site walls and

Roofs often used in factories prefabricated construction panels that are multi-layered and designed as sandwich panels. You can For example, it can be used to build stables or warehouses as well as holiday homes in a rational way. In DE 10 2005 002 877 A1, such a sandwich building panel with two panels made of wood-based materials and an insulating intermediate layer is explained.

From DE 196 35 671 A1 discloses a multilayer wall structure for the subsequent improvement of the thermal properties of an uninsulated building wall is known. The structure comprises a low heat transfer first building board, which is set fire retardant by treatment with water glass, a battens, a second building board, which is identical to the first plate, an existing expanded glass insulating plate and a reinforcing fabric, which carries a reinforcing plaster. This system is not only expensive but also contains a significant amount of flammable materials.

The invention has for its object to find a solution to create a cost-effective interior insulation for buildings and / or to renovate this cost inside, in addition to the fulfillment of standards or regulations and a desired reduction of heating energy consumption also aspects such as Wohnbehbarlichkeit in the summer As in winter, avoidance of mold, moisture-related structural damage, crystal formation on wall surfaces, environmental compatibility and fire hazard are optimally taken into account.

This object is achieved by a system according to claim 1.

Furthermore, this object is achieved by a method according to claim 18 and by the use according to claim 19.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the Subclaims characterized.

The inventive system, it is possible, cost

To carry out renovation work in a building. The easy-to-install thermal insulation panels can be installed in a short time

Masonry be fixed, and without costly application of additional reinforcing and plaster layers, laths, layers of paint, films or the like. They can easily be executed over a large area, so that a building renovation and interior insulation requires a short construction time.

By several thermal insulation panels of the type according to the invention are practically stacked one above the other, by adapting the respective thermal insulation panels and variation of the plate properties with each other standards or statutory regulations and requirements, as required in energy conservation regulations, be met in all conceivable rehabilitation cases in a simple manner. In comparison with the middle plate, the two outer plates can be adapted differently in terms of thickness, bulk density, porosity, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, water vapor diffusion property, compensation moisture, capillary activity and / or mildew inhibition, and thus to the respective refurbishment situation. In a known manner building physics measurements can be performed to measure, for example, humidity and temperature in outdoor and indoor air. Thus, an optimal insulation board combination can be determined and used.

In addition, a very high reduction in heating energy consumption is possible. This is achieved essentially by the fact that the average thermal insulation board has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity both as the first thermal insulation board and the second thermal insulation board. Because the two outer plates are also designed as thermal insulation panels, the total thermal resistance is higher because all plates are arranged one behind the other and thus thermally in series. The inventive arrangement a significant better thermal insulation compared to the arrangement of a single insulation board is achieved with very high capillary activity.

In an astonishing way, this extremely positive effect is not due to a loss of living comfort in summer as well as in winter, which has not been successful in previous solutions. This is realized primarily by both water vapor diffusion open and capillary active external thermal insulation panels.

By showering, washing and cooking alone, humans produce up to four liters of water, which forms as water vapor in the interior. The water-absorbent outer panels improve the indoor climate in terms of living comfort. Also, the problem of mold growth by condensing the water vapor is solved brilliantly by the invention.

The arrangement according to the invention also avoids problems as they arise, for example, through the use of heat-insulated windows. Room humidity then no longer settles on the window pane but on the cold outer wall. By adjacent to the masonry outer water vapor permeable and capillary active climate plate of the invention, the masonry is protected from damage, such as frost damage or crystal formation. This is very advantageous for listed buildings.

Because every thermal insulation board is made of an inorganic or mineral

Material that consists of a calcium silicate, the system is not only mold inhibiting but also optimally recyclable and very environmentally friendly. In addition, it is also important that this reduces the risk of fire in the building, since such insulation materials are not flammable.

In an advantageous development of the thermal insulation system according to the invention it is provided that the thermal insulation panels are assembled in a sandwich type, such that the average thermal insulation board between two outer thermal insulation panels is sandwiched directly fastened. The plates are thus assembled without further layers or intermediate plates, with the exception of a possible adhesive layer. The sandwich design, which is very easy with the individual thermal insulation panels by their strength and dimensional stability, has the advantage that a further work and easier assembly is possible. This is particularly favorable if each thermal insulation panel is connected to a prefabricated sandwich system, so that a single sandwich building panel is present. Such a sandwich building board can be processed quickly and accurately. For example, the sandwich building panel can be sawn in a single operation. So you do not have to saw several plates separately. By imprecise sawing individual plates, which lie on top of each other, joints could occur at the joints of adjacent plates, which lead to later heat losses. This avoids this preferred sandwich embodiment. In addition, the sandwich panel is very dimensionally stable and dimensionally stable. This is inexpensive to produce in large quantities, since the prefabrication expediently takes place in a remote from the construction site manufacturing plant and thus can be accomplished partially or fully automated.

It is particularly advantageous if, on the middle thermal insulation panel, the first and the second thermal insulation panels are each provided with a vapor-permeable adhesive, in particular with an adhesive mortar are glued directly. This makes it possible for water vapor to penetrate in a controlled manner from one outer plate to the middle plate and vice versa. Thus, even when using the same plate types for outer and middle plate different systems can be created, which are adapted to the particular rehabilitation case. If it is desired, for example, that moisture can be transferred quickly between the two outer plates, then an adhesive mortar with a low vapor diffusion resistance is to be used. If, on the other hand, a water vapor barrier in one or both boundary layers is desired, then the vapor diffusion resistance of the adhesive must be high.

It is also possible to design the sandwich building panel so that the vapor diffusion resistance of the adhesive at the boundary layers is different. If the first between the first and middle plate arranged adhesive layer is very permeable to water vapor and the second disposed between the second and middle plate layer of adhesive less permeable to water vapor, then in principle arise two different systems, depending on which of the outer plates is attached to the masonry. As a result, two systems are created by 180 ° rotation of the sandwich building board. This can be used to save storage costs.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and the second thermal insulation board of identical material, preferably both plates are the same thickness. As a result, the building board is constructed exactly symmetrical. This measure is favorable to avoid installation errors. The sandwich panel can be fixed to the masonry with any panel side.

As optimal for heating cost savings, it has been found that the average Thermal insulation board should be thicker than the first thermal insulation board as well as thicker than the second thermal insulation board. Due to the relatively thick, very heat-insulating intermediate plate not only a very good thermal insulation is possible, but also created a very strong sandwich structure.

It is particularly advantageous that the first and the second thermal insulation panel consist of a calcium silicate. This material is heat-insulating, diffusion-open, capillary-active, environmentally friendly, mold-inhibiting and non-flammable. In addition, it can be easily sawn, drilled doweled and processed well. To fulfill this optimally, the outer calcium silicate plates consist of a material with a vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of at most 10, in particular about 6 and / or with a thermal conductivity λ _z of at most 0.09 W / mK, in particular about 0.060 W / (mK) and / or with a bulk density of at most 400 kg / m ³ , in particular about 160 to 290 kg / m ³ . Both outer panels act as excellent climate plates. These plates are then possible between 20 mm to 30 mm, in particular about 25 mm thick.

According to a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, and the average thermal insulation board made of a calcium silicate, but this from a thermal insulation material with a

Vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of at least 1, in particular about 2 to

6 and / or with a thermal conductivity of at most 0.05 W / (mK) and / or with a higher density than both outer plates, in particular about 80 to 160 kg / m ³ , preferably about 130 kg / m ³ . The intermediate plate has as possible a thickness between 35 mm and 60 mm. This is what everyone is

Plates made of a calcium silicate. In the middle of the sandwich panel, so in the

Area of the intermediate plate, other parameters are available on the outside areas. As a result, the building board with respect to heat and moisture transport can be optimized. However, it is preferably always one Calcium silicate used, whereby the sandwich panel is still very good recyclability.

The middle plate may alternatively be made of a pearlite, a mineral foam or a cement-lime-based. The capillary transport coefficient can be between 1 -10 ^{~ 12} and 1 -10 ^"5 m ² / s 2.

As a very mold-inhibiting has been found when the outer calcium silicate plates have a capillary activity of 1 -10 ^"4 to 1 -10 ^'12 , in particular 5 -10 ^{" 5} to 5 -10 ^"11 m ² / s.

The invention also enables methods for building renovation and / or interior insulation with multiple thermal insulation systems. By changing the plates with regard to their material properties and / or plate thicknesses and / or adhesive properties, several prefabricated sandwich systems of different properties can be used. A model, in particular a computer model, which calculates and / or takes into account climate, building and / or interior parameters can also be used. As a result, each one of several sandwich systems can be used as needed, for example, to meet requirements of the German Energy Saving Ordinance.

An embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein further advantageous developments of the invention and advantages thereof are described. Show it:

1 is a perspective view of a sandwich building panel of a system according to the invention,

2 is an exploded perspective view of the sandwich

building board,

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the sandwich building panel, and

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram in which the sandwich building board for

Purposes of thermal insulation and wall renovation is attached to a masonry.

In the figures, like parts are given the same reference numerals.

1 and 2 illustrate an inventive system 10. This consists of three thermal insulation panels 1, 2, 3. The first and the second thermal insulation board 1 and 2, which are each arranged outside, consist of a calcium silicate, which is very open to water vapor diffusion and capillary. The thermal conductivity coefficient of these plates is for example 0.065 W / mK. Calcium silicate is inorganic and therefore well recyclable, environmentally friendly and non-combustible.

The middle heat insulating plate 3 has a heat conduction coefficient of, for example, about 0.040 to 0.045 W / (mK), so that it is smaller than the above-mentioned value. This plate 3 is also made of a calcium silicate, but with different properties than the outer plates 1 and 2. The plates 1 to 3 used are in principle made of lime and a source of S1O ₂ , for example ground sand and water. To assist the pressing process, inorganic auxiliaries can be added. The production continues by an autoclaving process.

The outer thermal insulation panels 1 and 2 have, for example, the following values:

Vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ = 6

Thermal conductivity λ _z = 0.060 W / (mK) - bulk density = 160 to 290 kg / m ³ 'in particular 80 to 270 kg / m ³

Capillary activity = 5 -10 ^'5 to 5 -10 ^"11 m ² / s

Thickness = 25 mm

By contrast, the mean thermal insulation panel 3 has the following values, for example:

Vapor diffusion resistance number μ = 1 -6

Thermal conductivity λ _z = 0.040 - 0.045 W / (mK) (maximum 0.05 W / (mK))

Bulk density = 90 to 150 kg / m ³

Capillary activity = between 1 -10 ^"12 and

1 -10 ^"5 m ² / sm ² / s - thickness = 60 mm The middle thermal insulation board 3 is bonded to the outer plates 1 and 2 by a vapor diffusion-open adhesive mortar 4, as shown in Fig. 3.

As FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate, a sandwich-type thermal insulation system or a prefabricated sandwich system is produced in this way, so that a single sandwich building board 5 is present. The sandwich panel 5 is suitable for heat and / or cold insulation, wherein a masonry 6 of the building moisture can be removed or kept away from it.

4 shows an arrangement of the sandwich building board 5 on the masonry 6. Here, the first plate 1 is directed to the interior of the building, while the second plate 2 is directed to the building inner wall 7. The sandwich panel 5 may be screwed or otherwise connected to the masonry 6. The system 10 is provided for interior thermal insulation and interior renovation of buildings.

The first and the second thermal insulation board 1 and 2 are the same thickness, alternatively, the second thermal insulation board 2 may be thicker than the first thermal insulation board 1.

The first and second heat-insulating panels 1 and 2 may be e.g. each between 15 mm to 60 mm, in particular about 25 mm thick. The middle plate 3 may e.g. have a thickness between 35 mm and 120 mm, in particular about 60 mm.

The plates 1 to 3 can be glued either in a factory or the like or alternatively on site. The invention is not limited to this example, the system 10 can also be assembled on site, so on the site sandwich. Also for external insulation, the system 10 is suitable. Other inorganic or mineral materials may also be used.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

first (outer) plate second (outer) plate middle plate

adhesive mortar

Sandwich construction board

masonry

inner wall

system

Claims

claims

1. System (10) for thermal insulation and / or wall renovation of buildings

with a first water vapor diffusion-open and capillary-active thermal insulation board (1), - with a second water vapor diffusion-open and capillary active thermal insulation board (2), and with a middle, arranged between two thermal insulation panels heat insulation board (3), wherein the average thermal insulation board (3) has a lower thermal conductivity both the first thermal insulation board (1) and the second thermal insulation board (2), and wherein each thermal insulation board (1, 2 and 3) is made of an inorganic material.

2. Thermal insulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation panels (1, 2 and 3) are assembled in a sandwich type, such that the average thermal insulation board (3), sandwiched directly between two outer thermal insulation panels (1 and 2).

3. Thermal insulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that each thermal insulation board (1, 2 and 3) is connected to a prefabricated sandwich system, so that a single sandwich building board (5) is present.

4. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the middle thermal insulation board (3), the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) are each directly bonded with a vapor diffusion-open adhesive (4), in particular with an adhesive mortar.

5. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) consist of identical material.

6. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) are the same thickness or that the second thermal insulation board (2) is thicker than the first thermal insulation board (1).

7. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle thermal insulation board (3) is both thicker than the first thermal insulation board (1) and thicker than the second thermal insulation board (2).

8. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) consist of a calcium silicate.

9. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) made of a material having a vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of at most 10, in particular about 6 and / or - with a thermal conductivity λχ of at most 0.09 W / (mK), in particular about 0.060 W / (mK) and / or with a bulk density of at most 400 kg / m ³ , in particular about 160 to 290 kg / m ³ consist.

10. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second thermal insulation board (1 and 2) are each between 15 mm to 60 mm, in particular about 25 mm thick.

11. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the average thermal insulation board (3) consists of a calcium silicate.

12. Thermal insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the average thermal insulation board (3) consists of a

Perlite is made or based on cement-lime.

13. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the average thermal insulation board (3) made of a material having a Dampfdiffusionswiderstandszahl μ of at least 1, in particular about 2 to 6 and / or with a thermal conductivity of at most 0.05 W / (mK ), and / or - with a lower apparent density than both outer plates, in particular about 80 to 160 kg / m ³ .

14. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle plate (3) has a thickness between 35 mm and 120 mm, in particular about 60 mm.

15. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle plate (3) has a lower capillary activity and both the first and the second plate (1 and 2).

16. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle plate (3) is less permeable to water vapor diffusion to both the first and the second plate (1 and 2).

17. Thermal insulation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second plate (1 and 2) has a capillary activity of 5 -10 ^"5 to 5 -10 ^{" 11} m ² / s, in particular about 2 -10 ^"δ to 2 -10 ^"9 m ² / s 2.

18. A method for building renovation and / or thermal insulation with a system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the building by the system (10) is heat and / or cold insulated and / or by the system (10) a masonry ( 6) of the

Moisture is removed from the building and / or moisture is kept away from it.

19. Use of a system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims for indoor thermal insulation and / or interior renovation of buildings.