WO2010007974A1 - アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010007974A1 WO2010007974A1 PCT/JP2009/062706 JP2009062706W WO2010007974A1 WO 2010007974 A1 WO2010007974 A1 WO 2010007974A1 JP 2009062706 W JP2009062706 W JP 2009062706W WO 2010007974 A1 WO2010007974 A1 WO 2010007974A1
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- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- aluminum
- porous
- molded body
- composite
- Prior art date
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 303
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 303
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an aluminum-diamond composite.
- a semiconductor element such as a semiconductor laser element used for optical communication or a high-function MPU (microprocessing unit)
- MPU microprocessing unit
- how efficiently the heat generated from the element is released can prevent malfunction. Is very important for.
- high heat conductivity is also required for heat dissipation components such as heat sinks, and copper (Cu) having a high heat conductivity of 390 W / mK is used.
- the Al-SiC composite material has a thermal conductivity of 300 W / mK or less regardless of how the conditions are optimized, and development of a heat sink material having a higher thermal conductivity than that of copper has been developed. It has been demanded.
- a metal-diamond composite material having a high thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element material has been proposed by combining the high thermal conductivity of diamond and the large thermal expansion coefficient of metal.
- Patent Document 2 Further, in Patent Document 3, by forming a ⁇ -type SiC layer on the surface of diamond particles, the formation of low-conductivity metal carbide formed at the time of compounding is suppressed, and wettability with molten metal is improved. Thus, the thermal conductivity of the obtained metal-diamond composite material is improved.
- metal-diamond composite material obtained by compounding with a metal is also very hard and difficult to process.
- metal-diamond composite materials can hardly be processed with ordinary diamond tools, and how low the cost is to use metal-diamond composite materials as heat sinks that are small and have various shapes.
- the problem is whether to perform shape processing.
- the metal-ceramic composite material can be energized, and a processing method such as electric discharge machining has been studied.
- the heat sink in order to efficiently dissipate heat generated from the semiconductor element, the heat sink is usually placed in contact with the semiconductor element in a form of being joined by solder or the like. For this reason, the heat sink used in the application needs to be plated on the surfaces to be joined with solder or the like. In the case of a metal-diamond composite material, if the diamond particles are exposed on the joining surface, the plating layer can be formed. Difficult, resulting in increased thermal resistance at the contact interface. Further, if the surface roughness of the bonding surface is rough, the thickness of the solder layer becomes non-uniform at the time of bonding, which is not preferable because heat dissipation is reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to have a high thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, and furthermore, to be suitable for use as a heat sink or the like of a semiconductor element, the surface plating property and the surface roughness. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an aluminum-diamond composite with improved thickness.
- diamond particles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or more are 50% by volume or more of all diamond particles and diamond particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less are all diamond particles.
- a porous diamond molded body having a content of 40 to 70% by volume of the total volume And a process comprising the steps of:
- an aluminum-diamond composite comprising the above method, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, an improved surface plating property, and a small surface roughness.
- -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- the porous diamond compact in the step of heating the porous diamond compact, is disposed in an iron or graphite frame, and the porous diamond compact is The diamond molded body is sandwiched between release plates coated with a release agent and heated at 600 to 750 ° C.
- an aluminum alloy containing 0 to 25% by mass of silicon and 0.5 to 3% by mass of magnesium is heated to the melting point or higher, and the pressure is set to 20 MPa or higher. It is characterized in that a porous diamond molded body is impregnated, and a flat aluminum-diamond-based molded body covered on both surfaces with a surface layer containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum is produced.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body is processed into a aluminum-diamond-based composite by water jet processing or electric discharge processing.
- an aluminum-diamond composite according to the present invention, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, an improved surface plating property, and a small surface roughness.
- -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 Sectional view of the structure before the composite of the aluminum-diamond composite according to the first embodiment
- Structural diagram of aluminum-diamond composite according to Embodiment 2 1 is a perspective view of an aluminum-diamond composite according to Embodiment 1.
- both sides means both the upper and lower surfaces of a flat plate-like aluminum-diamond composite.
- side surface portion means a side surface of the aluminum-diamond based composite formed in a flat plate shape, that is, a portion substantially perpendicular to the both surfaces.
- the “hole” is processed so as to penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of a flat plate-like aluminum-diamond composite provided for screwing the component of the present invention to another heat radiating member. It means a through hole.
- diamond particles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or more are 50% by volume or more of all diamond particles, and diamond particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less are all diamond particles.
- a step of preparing a diamond powder composed of 10 to 40% by volume, and adding 0.5 to 3% by mass of colloidal silica to the diamond powder in terms of solid content with respect to all diamond particles to obtain a slurry A step of producing a diamond particle compact by press-molding or casting the slurry, and firing the compact at 800 ° C. to 1100 ° C. in the air or in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Process for obtaining a porous diamond molded body having a content of 40 to 70% by volume of the entire volume It is characterized by including the process. Then, the step of heating the porous diamond molded body, the aluminum alloy is heated to the melting point or higher, the porous diamond molded body is impregnated, and both surfaces are coated with a surface layer containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum. It includes a step of producing a flat aluminum-diamond-based molded body and a step of processing the aluminum-diamond-based molded body into an aluminum-diamond-based composite.
- the porous diamond molded body in the step of heating the porous diamond molded body, the porous diamond molded body is disposed in a frame made of iron or graphite, and the porous diamond molded body is The high-quality diamond molded body is sandwiched between release plates coated with a release agent and heated at 600 to 750 ° C.
- an aluminum alloy containing 0 to 25% by mass of silicon and 0.5 to 3% by mass of magnesium is heated to the melting point or higher, and the pressure is set to 20 MPa or higher.
- a porous diamond molded body is impregnated, and a flat aluminum-diamond-based molded body covered on both surfaces with a surface layer containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum is produced.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body is processed into a aluminum-diamond-based composite by water jet processing or electric discharge processing.
- an aluminum-diamond composite comprising the above method, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, an improved surface plating property, and a small surface roughness.
- -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- the aluminum-diamond based composite according to the present invention is not limited to the one manufactured by the molten metal forging method.
- the manufacturing method of the aluminum-diamond composite can be roughly divided into two types, impregnation and powder metallurgy. Of these, many are actually commercialized by impregnation methods from the viewpoint of characteristics such as thermal conductivity.
- There are various impregnation methods and there are a method performed at normal pressure and a high-pressure forging method performed under high pressure.
- High pressure forging methods include a molten metal forging method and a die casting method.
- a method suitable for the present invention is a high-pressure forging method in which impregnation is performed under high pressure, and a molten forging method is preferable to obtain a dense composite having excellent characteristics such as thermal conductivity.
- the molten metal forging method is generally a method in which a high pressure vessel is filled with a powder or compact such as diamond and impregnated with a molten metal such as an aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a composite material.
- the content of diamond particles in the porous diamond compact according to this embodiment is preferably 40% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less.
- the content of diamond particles in the porous diamond compact corresponds to the content of diamond particles in the aluminum-diamond composite obtained by complexing, and affects the properties of the aluminum-diamond composite.
- the content of diamond particles in the porous diamond molded body is 40% by volume or more, a sufficient thermal conductivity of the aluminum-diamond composite using the porous diamond molded body can be obtained.
- content of a diamond particle is 70 volume% or less from the surface of a moldability. If it is 70 volume% or less, it is not necessary to process the shape of the diamond particles into a spherical shape or the like, and an aluminum-diamond composite can be obtained at a stable cost.
- particles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or more in all diamond particles are 50% by volume or more and particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less are 10 to 10%. It is preferable that it is 40 volume%.
- the particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less in all diamond particles are 10% by volume or more, sufficient strength of the resulting porous diamond molded body can be obtained, which is suitable for subsequent handling and processing.
- a porous diamond molded body can be obtained.
- the total particle size of particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less is 40% by volume or less, sufficient thermal conductivity of the aluminum-diamond composite obtained by combining the porous diamond compact is obtained. Obtainable. That is, by using the diamond powder of the above particle size as a raw material, the obtained porous diamond molded body can exhibit strength that can be used for subsequent handling and processing.
- colloidal silica is added as an inorganic binder at the time of molding of diamond powder in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by mass in terms of solid content with respect to all diamond particles to obtain a slurry, which is then subjected to press molding or cast molding. It is preferable to produce a molded body.
- the colloidal silica becomes amorphous or crystalline silica upon subsequent firing, and binds the diamond particles, so that it is suitable for expressing the strength of the porous diamond molded body.
- the colloidal silica reacts with the aluminum alloy at the time of compounding by the molten metal forging method, and hence can be removed from the surface of the diamond particles, from the viewpoint of the thermal conductivity of the aluminum-diamond composite. Is also preferable.
- the amount of colloidal silica added is 0.5% by mass or more in terms of solid content with respect to diamond particles, sufficient strength of the resulting porous diamond molded body can be obtained, and for subsequent handling and processing. A suitable porous diamond molded body can be obtained. Further, if the amount of colloidal silica added is 3% by mass or less in terms of solid content with respect to diamond particles, the colloidal silica is converted to the surface of the diamond particles by the reaction with the aluminum alloy at the time of compounding by the molten metal forging method. It can be removed more sufficiently, and sufficient thermal conductivity of the resulting aluminum-diamond composite can be obtained.
- the molding pressure is preferably about 2 to 100 MPa.
- a molding pressure of 2 to 100 MPa is preferable because a uniform high-density molded body can be obtained.
- a filter press that can perform dehydration and molding at the same time can also be employed.
- pressure casting molding in which the slurry is pressurized and cast can also be employed. Use of pressure casting is preferable in that a high-density molded body can be obtained.
- the molded body obtained by the above steps is dried and then fired at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1100 ° C. in the air or in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a porous diamond molded body.
- the firing atmosphere is preferably carried out in the air or in a nitrogen atmosphere from the viewpoint of cost, but there is no problem in terms of characteristics even in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon.
- the firing temperature is 800 ° C. or higher, sufficient bonding strength of the added colloidal silica can be obtained, so that the strength of the resulting porous diamond molded body is increased, and porous diamond molding suitable for subsequent handling and processing. It can be a body.
- the firing temperature is 1100 ° C. or lower, the oxidation of the diamond particles can be suppressed.
- the firing time is preferably about 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on the size of the molded body. Within this time, a porous diamond molded body having a strength suitable for handling and processing can be obtained.
- the porous diamond molded body (hereinafter referred to as “preform”) obtained by the above process is subjected to a cutting process and a grinding process as necessary, and is processed to a predetermined plate thickness.
- the processing method is not particularly limited, and the thickness and shape can be adjusted by cutting with a band saw or a cutter, grinding with a grinder, or the like.
- a desired shape can be obtained by the processing.
- a plurality of processed preforms having stable quality can be produced at the same time and at a low cost by manufacturing the preform larger than a desired plate thickness or larger than a desired area and then performing the above processing. Obtainable.
- a surface layer mainly composed of aluminum having a predetermined thickness is formed on the surface of the aluminum-diamond composite. Therefore, it is preferable to mold the preform so that the thickness variation within the surface is 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, or to perform surface processing after the preform is formed. If the thickness variation in the surface of the preform is 100 ⁇ m or less, the variation in the thickness of the surface layer of the surface of the resulting aluminum-diamond composite is preferably small.
- the preform (3 in FIG. 1) processed to a predetermined thickness is placed in an iron or graphite frame (1 in FIG. 1) as shown in FIG. 1, and a release agent is applied to both sides.
- the release plate (2 in FIG. 1) is used as a sandwich structure, and a plurality of such structures are stacked to form a block.
- the method of manufacturing this block there is a method in which iron plates are arranged on both sides of the structure, connected with bolts, and tightened with a predetermined tightening torque to form one block.
- the said frame 1 used by this embodiment should just be a thing in which a shape, especially plate
- the material ceramics and other metals can be used as long as the shape does not change by reacting with the aluminum alloy and is not damaged by the tightening torque at the time of producing the block.
- the frame 1 is preferably used by applying a graphite-type or alumina-type release agent on the surface in order to release the frame 1 from the aluminum-diamond composite after composite formation.
- the frame 1 is preferably provided with a gate (4 in FIG. 2) through which an aluminum alloy can invade when compounded by the molten metal forging method.
- the shape of the gate 4 is not limited, and only one may be provided as shown in FIG. 2 or may be provided at a plurality of locations of the frame 1. By providing such a sprue 4, a stable molten metal can be supplied.
- the thickness of the aluminum-diamond based composite obtained is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the frame 1.
- the frame 1 supports stress applied to the preform 3 at the time of laminating and compounding by a molten metal forging method, so that cracking of the preform at the time of compounding can be reduced.
- the thickness of the frame 1 is preferably 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm thicker than the preform thickness when the preform is directly laminated.
- the preform will not be damaged by fastening during lamination, and the aluminum on the surface of the obtained aluminum-diamond composite will be removed. A sufficient thickness of the surface layer as a main component can be secured.
- ceramic paper may be disposed and laminated between the preform 3 and the release plate 2, but the thickness of the frame in this case is based on the total thickness of the preform 3 and the ceramic paper. Thus, it is preferably about ⁇ 0.1 mm. With such a thickness, the preform is not damaged by fastening during lamination, and a sufficient thickness of the surface layer mainly composed of aluminum on the surface of the obtained aluminum-diamond composite can be secured. .
- release plate 2 coated with the release agent disposed on both sides a stainless plate or a ceramic plate can be used, and there is no particular limitation as long as it is a dense body that is not impregnated with an aluminum alloy by a molten metal forging method. .
- mold release agents such as graphite, boron nitride, an alumina, can be used.
- a release plate capable of more stable release can be obtained by applying the release agent.
- This embodiment is characterized in that the release plates 2 arranged on both sides are peeled off after being combined. With such a unique configuration, an aluminum-diamond composite having a very smooth surface can be obtained.
- the aluminum alloy used for producing the aluminum-diamond composite according to the present embodiment is preferably an aluminum alloy containing 0 to 25% by mass of silicon and 0.5 to 3% by mass of magnesium.
- the aluminum alloy used in the present embodiment preferably has a melting point as low as possible in order to sufficiently penetrate into the voids of the preform 3 during impregnation.
- Examples of such an aluminum alloy include an aluminum alloy containing silicon or magnesium.
- the silicon content is preferably 25% by mass or less, and if the silicon content is 25% by mass or less, the melting point of the aluminum alloy can be lowered.
- magnesium is preferable because the bond between the diamond particles and the metal portion becomes stronger. Furthermore, by containing magnesium, magnesium reacts with the silica component used at the time of producing the preform, and the silica on the surface of the diamond particles can be removed. In addition, if the magnesium content is 0.5% by mass or more, the above effect is sufficiently obtained. Further, if the magnesium content is 3% by mass or less, the aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) generation on the surface of the diamond powder can be suppressed at the time of compounding with the aluminum alloy, and aluminum having sufficient thermal conductivity. -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- the metal components other than aluminum, silicon, and magnesium in the aluminum alloy are not particularly limited as long as the characteristics do not change extremely. For example, copper or the like may be included.
- the block is heated at about 600 to 750 ° C., and one or more blocks are arranged in a high-pressure vessel.
- the aluminum alloy is heated to the melting point of the aluminum alloy as quickly as possible to prevent the temperature of the block from decreasing.
- the molten metal is supplied and pressurized at a pressure of 20 MPa or more.
- the aluminum alloy is impregnated in the voids of the preform 3 to obtain a plate-like aluminum-diamond based composite coated on both surfaces with a surface layer containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum.
- the heating temperature of the block is 600 ° C. or higher, the composite of the aluminum alloy is stable, and an aluminum-diamond composite having a sufficient thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the heating temperature is 750 ° C. or less, the formation of aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) on the surface of the diamond powder can be suppressed at the time of compounding with the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum-diamond composite having sufficient thermal conductivity. You can get a body.
- the pressure during impregnation is 20 MPa or more, the composite of the aluminum alloy is stable, and an aluminum-diamond composite having a sufficient thermal conductivity can be obtained. More preferably, the impregnation pressure is 50 MPa or more. If it is 50 MPa or more, an aluminum-diamond-based molded body having more stable thermal conductivity characteristics can be obtained.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body according to this embodiment is covered with a surface layer (5 in FIG. 3) containing a metal whose main component is aluminum or a surface layer (7 in FIG. 4) made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material.
- a surface layer 5 in FIG. 3 containing a metal whose main component is aluminum or a surface layer (7 in FIG. 4) made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material.
- the surface layer can be processed by a processing method employed in normal metal processing, for example, by polishing using a buffing machine or the like, and the surface roughness Ra can be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface layer 5 or the surface layer 7 made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material has an average thickness of 0.03 to 0.3 mm.
- a ceramic paper is placed between the diamond powder and a dense release plate coated with a release agent at the time of lamination before impregnation described above. Then, it can be adjusted by compounding an aluminum alloy. If the average thickness of the surface layer 5 or the surface layer 7 made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material is 0.03 mm or more, diamond particles are not exposed in the subsequent treatment, and the target surface accuracy and plating properties are achieved. Can be easily obtained.
- the average thickness of the surface layer 5 or the surface layer 7 made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material is 0.3 mm or less, a sufficient thickness of the composite material portion in the obtained aluminum-diamond composite material can be obtained. High thermal conductivity can be ensured.
- the total average thickness of the surface layers 5 on both sides or the surface layer 7 made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material is preferably 20% or less of the thickness of the aluminum-diamond composite 1 and more preferably 10% or less. It is. If the sum of the average thicknesses of the surface layers on both surfaces is 20% or less of the thickness of the material, sufficient thermal conductivity can be obtained in addition to surface accuracy and plating properties.
- the aluminum-diamond molded body obtained by the above operation may be annealed.
- the strain in the aluminum-diamond-based molded body is removed, and an aluminum-diamond-based molded body having more stable thermal conductivity characteristics can be obtained.
- the annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 ° C. to 550 ° C. for 10 minutes or more. Is preferred.
- the surface has a small surface roughness in consideration of the thermal resistance of the joint surface. Is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. When the surface roughness is 1 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the solder layer between the semiconductor element and the heat sink can be made uniform, and higher heat dissipation can be obtained.
- the flatness of the surface layer 5 or the aluminum-ceramic composite material 8 is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, in terms of a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
- the flatness is 30 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the solder layer can be made uniform, and higher heat dissipation can be obtained.
- This aluminum-diamond molded body is a very hard and difficult-to-process material, but the outer peripheral portion (side surface portion) (8 in FIG. 5) and the hole portion (9 in FIG. 5) are processed by a water jet processing machine. Can be processed into product shape.
- the obtained aluminum-diamond based composite has a structure in which the aluminum-diamond based composite portion is exposed at the outer peripheral portion 8 and the hole 9 as shown in FIG.
- the hole 9 may be provided so as to penetrate the upper and lower surfaces so that it can be screwed to other heat radiating components.
- the processing cost can be reduced by processing into a U-shaped shape connected to the outer peripheral portion.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body according to the present embodiment is a conductive material
- the outer peripheral portion and the hole portion can be processed using an electric discharge machine.
- the obtained aluminum-diamond composite has a structure in which the aluminum-diamond composite is exposed at the outer periphery and the hole.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body according to the present embodiment can be processed using a normal diamond tool or the like, it is a very hard and difficult-to-process material, so that the durability and processing cost of the tool are reduced. Therefore, machining by a water jet machine or an electric discharge machine is preferable.
- the aluminum-diamond composite according to this embodiment is often used by being joined to the semiconductor element by soldering. Therefore, the aluminum-diamond composite composite may be plated.
- the method of plating treatment is not particularly limited, and any of electroless plating treatment and electroplating treatment may be used.
- Ni plating or two-layer plating of Ni plating and Au plating is performed in consideration of solder wettability.
- the plating thickness is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m. If the plating thickness is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the generation of plating pinholes and solder voids (voids) during soldering can be prevented, and heat dissipation characteristics from the semiconductor element can be ensured. Moreover, if the plating thickness is 10 ⁇ m or less, the heat dissipation characteristics from the semiconductor element can be secured without being affected by the Ni plating film having low thermal conductivity.
- the purity of the Ni plating film is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder solder wettability, and may contain phosphorus, boron, or the like.
- the aluminum-diamond composite according to this embodiment has a thermal conductivity of 350 W / mK or more when the temperature of the aluminum-diamond composite is 25 ° C., and has a thermal expansion coefficient from 25 ° C. to 150 ° C. It is preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K.
- the thermal conductivity at 25 ° C. is 350 W / mK or more and the thermal expansion coefficient from 25 ° C. to 150 ° C. is 5 to 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, it has high thermal conductivity and low expansion equivalent to that of semiconductor devices. Become a rate. Therefore, when used as a heat radiating component such as a heat sink, it has excellent heat radiating characteristics, and even when subjected to a temperature change, the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the semiconductor element and the heat radiating component is small, so that the destruction of the semiconductor element can be suppressed. As a result, it is preferably used as a highly reliable heat dissipation component.
- thickness is 0. between the preform (3 of FIG. 6) and the release plate (2 of FIG. 6) which apply
- a ceramic paper (10 in FIG. 6) having a ceramic fiber content (Vf) of 05 to 0.5 mm and 30% by volume or less may be disposed, and then a structure may be formed and a plurality of sheets may be further laminated to form a block.
- a ceramic paper 10 is placed between the preform 3 and a release plate 2 coated with a release agent placed on both sides, and an aluminum alloy is combined to form both sides of the resulting aluminum-diamond composite.
- a surface layer (7 in FIG. 4) made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material can be formed.
- the surface layer 7 made of the above-mentioned aluminum-ceramic composite material preferably has a content other than aluminum alloy of 30% by volume or less from the viewpoint of plating properties and surface accuracy. If the content other than the aluminum alloy is less than 30% by volume, an effect that the surface layer can be easily processed can be obtained.
- ceramic fibers such as alumina fibers, silica fibers, mullite fibers and the like can be used.
- the ceramic content (Vf) is preferably 30% by volume or less in view of the characteristics of the surface layer 7 made of the aluminum-ceramic composite material, and the ceramic content (Vf) is 30 when laminated and compressed. It is preferable that it becomes below the volume.
- the thickness of the ceramic fiber is preferably 0.5 mm or less. If the thickness is 0.5 mm or less, the thickness of the surface layer can be made appropriate, and an aluminum-diamond composite having a sufficient thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- diamond particles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or more are 50% by volume or more of all diamond particles, and diamond particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less are all diamond particles.
- a porous diamond molded body having a content of 40 to 70% by volume of the entire volume is obtained.
- an aluminum-diamond composite comprising the above method, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, an improved surface plating property, and a small surface roughness.
- -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- the porous diamond compact in the step of heating the porous diamond compact, the porous diamond compact is disposed in an iron or graphite frame, and the porous diamond compact is The high-quality diamond molded body is sandwiched between release plates coated with a release agent and heated at 600 to 750 ° C.
- an aluminum alloy containing 0 to 25% by mass of silicon and 0.5 to 3% by mass of magnesium is heated to the melting point or higher, and the pressure is set to 20 MPa or higher.
- a porous diamond molded body is impregnated, and a flat aluminum-diamond-based molded body covered on both surfaces with a surface layer containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum is produced.
- the aluminum-diamond-based molded body is processed into a aluminum-diamond-based composite by water jet processing or electric discharge processing.
- an aluminum-diamond composite comprising the above method, aluminum having a high thermal conductivity, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element, an improved surface plating property, and a small surface roughness.
- -A diamond-based composite can be obtained.
- ceramic paper having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm is disposed on both sides of the porous diamond compact, and the porous diamond compact is further separated. It is characterized by being sandwiched between templates.
- the aluminum-diamond composite 6 having a surface layer made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material having a desired thickness can be produced at low cost.
- the method further includes a step of processing the porous diamond compact before the step of heating the porous diamond compact.
- the side surface portion and the hole portion may be processed during the water jet processing or electric discharge processing. If it does in this way, when using as a heat dissipation component etc., it will become possible to fix with a screw etc.
- the manufacturing method of the aluminum-diamond composite according to the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Examples 1 to 11, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Commercially available high purity diamond powder A (average particle size: 150 ⁇ m), high purity diamond powder B (average particle size: 50 ⁇ m), high purity diamond powder C (average particle size: 30 ⁇ m), high purity diamond Powder D (average particle size: 15 ⁇ m), high-purity diamond powder E (average particle size: 10 ⁇ m), and high-purity diamond powder F (average particle size: 1 ⁇ m) were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Table 1. Moreover, after adding silica sol (Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd .: Snowtex) having a solid content concentration of 20% by mass to 50 g of the mixed powder, water was added so that the amount of silica sol + water was 20% by mass. Then, the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes with a small stirring mixer to prepare a slurry.
- silica sol Nisan Chemical Co., Ltd .: Snowtex
- this slurry was used to press-mold at a pressure of 10 MPa into a flat plate having dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 10 mm.
- the obtained molded body was dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 2 hours.
- this dried body was fired for 1 hour in the firing atmosphere and firing temperature shown in Table 2 to prepare a porous diamond compact (preform).
- the density of the obtained preform was measured by the Archimedes method, and the content of diamond particles in the preform was calculated in consideration of the added silica content. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the obtained preform was cut into a shape of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm with a diamond cutter, and then processed to a thickness of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm with a surface grinder. Handling was evaluated from the situation such as chipping during processing and handling. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the processed preform (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm) is made of iron with a graphite mold release agent applied, a plate thickness of 2.0 mm, an inner diameter of 50.2 mm ⁇ 50.2 mm, and an outer dimension of 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm.
- a graphite mold release agent was applied on the surface of 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ 1 mm It laminated
- These structures are laminated in multiple numbers, 12mm thick iron plates are arranged on both sides, connected with six M10 bolts, and tightened with a torque wrench so that the tightening torque in the surface direction is 10 Nm. It was a block.
- the obtained block was preheated to a temperature of 650 ° C. in an electric furnace, and then placed in a pre-heated press mold having an inner diameter of 300 mm, and a temperature of 800 ° C. containing 12% silicon and 1% magnesium.
- a molten aluminum alloy was poured and pressed at 100 MPa for 20 minutes to impregnate the preform with the aluminum alloy.
- After cooling to room temperature cut along the shape of the stainless steel plate with a wet band saw, peel off the sandwiched stainless steel plate, and then perform an annealing treatment at a temperature of 530 ° C. for 3 hours to remove strain during impregnation.
- An aluminum-diamond composite was obtained.
- the obtained aluminum-diamond composite material was buffed after both sides were polished with # 600 polishing paper.
- the cross section of the obtained processed product was observed with a factory microscope, and the average thickness of both surface layers (5 in FIG. 3) was measured. Moreover, the surface roughness (Ra) by the surface roughness meter and the flatness by the three-dimensional contour shape measurement were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. Furthermore, the density of the aluminum-diamond composite of Example 1 was measured by the Archimedes method and found to be 3.08 g / cm 3 .
- a thermal expansion coefficient measurement specimen (3 mm ⁇ 2 mm ⁇ 10 mm), a thermal conductivity measurement specimen (25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 2 mm), a three-point bending strength measurement specimen (4 mm ⁇ 2 mm ⁇ 40 mm) by water jet processing. ) was produced.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion at a temperature of 25 ° C. to 150 ° C. was measured with a thermal dilatometer (Seiko Electronics Industry Co., Ltd .; TMA300), and the thermal conductivity at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the processed product was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, and then electroless Ni—P and Ni—B plating were performed to form a plating layer having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m (Ni—P: 6 ⁇ m + Ni—B: 2 ⁇ m) on the surface of the composite material.
- the solder wet spread rate was 80% or more for all plated products. It was.
- Comparative Example 3 As shown in Tables 1 and 2, in Comparative Example 3, sufficient strength was not obtained, and a preform having a desired shape could not be formed. This is presumably because the content of diamond particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less is less than 10% by volume. In Comparative Examples 5 and 6, sufficient strength was not obtained, and a preform having a desired shape could not be formed. This is probably because the firing temperature is not in the range of 800 ° C to 1100 ° C.
- the thermal conductivity was 300 W / mK or less. This is considered to be because in Comparative Example 1, the content of diamond particles having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less is more than 40% by volume. In Comparative Example 2, it is considered that the content of diamond particles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less is less than 50% by volume. In Comparative Example 4, it is considered that the content of silica sol is more than 3%.
- the aluminum-diamond composites according to Examples 1 to 11 have a very smooth surface roughness of 0.25 to 0.29 ⁇ m and a flatness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m, and have a high thermal conductivity and a semiconductor. It has a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the element.
- Example 12 1% by mass of an anti-settling agent (by BYK Japan: BYK) and 5% by mass of water were added to the diamond slurry of Example 1 and poured into a gypsum mold having an inner diameter of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 20 mm. Drying was carried out at 2 ° C for 2 hours. The dried body was baked for 1 hour at a temperature of 900 ° C. in an air atmosphere to prepare a porous diamond molded body (preform). As a result of measuring the density by the Archimedes method and calculating the content of diamond particles in the preform in consideration of the added silica content, the obtained preform was 64% by volume.
- the obtained preform was cut into a shape of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm with a diamond cutter, and then processed to a thickness of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm with a surface grinder. There was no chipping or the like during processing and handling, and the handleability was good.
- An aluminum-diamond composite was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the processed preform (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm).
- the obtained aluminum-diamond composite was subjected to the same characteristics evaluation as in Example 1.
- the density of the obtained aluminum-diamond composite was 3.07 g / cm 3
- the thermal expansion coefficient at a temperature of 25 ° C. to 150 ° C. was 7.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K
- the thermal conductivity at a temperature of 25 ° C. was 460 W / mK
- the three-point bending strength was 320 MPa.
- the obtained aluminum-diamond composite was polished and processed in the same manner as in Example 1, processed into a shape of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 2 mm, the cross section of the processed product was observed with a factory microscope, and both surface layers As a result of measuring the average thickness of (5 in FIG. 3), the average thickness of the surface layer 5 was 0.07 mm. Moreover, the surface roughness (Ra) measured with the surface roughness meter was 0.27 ⁇ m, and the flatness measured with a three-dimensional shape measuring machine was 2 ⁇ m.
- the aluminum-diamond composite according to Example 12 has a very smooth surface roughness of 0.27 ⁇ m and flatness of 2 ⁇ m, and also has a high thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element.
- Examples 13 to 21, Comparative Examples 7 to 9 The preform of Example 1 after thickness processing (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm, 3 in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2) was coated with a graphite release agent, the plate thickness was 2.0 mm, and the inner diameter was 50.2 mm. ⁇ 50.2mm, placed inside an iron frame (1 in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) of 80mm x 80mm, coated with alumina sol and baked at a temperature of 350 ° C for 30 minutes. It laminated
- Example 21 an isotropic graphite material (Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 2.0 mm, an inner diameter of 50.2 mm ⁇ 50.2 mm, and an outer dimension of 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, coated with a graphite release agent as a frame. Manufactured by IG11).
- the obtained block was preheated in an electric furnace at a temperature shown in Table 4, and then placed in a preheated press mold having an inner diameter of 300 mm, and an aluminum alloy having a composition shown in Table 4 at a temperature of 800 ° C.
- the molten metal was poured and pressurized at the pressure shown in Table 4 for 20 minutes to impregnate the preform with the aluminum alloy.
- After cooling to room temperature cut along the shape of the stainless steel plate with a wet band saw, peel off the sandwiched stainless steel plate, and then perform an annealing treatment at a temperature of 530 ° C. for 3 hours to remove strain during impregnation.
- An aluminum-diamond composite was obtained.
- Comparative Examples 7 and 8 the diamond powder was not impregnated with the aluminum alloy, and an aluminum-diamond composite could not be obtained. This is presumably because, in Comparative Example 7, the preheat temperature is 600 ° C. or lower. In Comparative Example 8, it is considered that the pressure during impregnation is 20 MPa or less.
- the obtained aluminum-diamond composite was buffed after both surfaces were polished with # 600 polishing paper. Then, it processed into the shape of 25 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm with the conditions of the processing speed of 5 mm / min with the electric discharge machine. The cross section of the obtained processed product was observed with a factory microscope, and the average thickness of both surface layers (5 in FIG. 3) was measured. Moreover, the surface roughness (Ra) by a surface roughness meter and the flatness by a three-dimensional shape measuring machine were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Examples 22 to 29 Using the preform of Example 1 after thickness processing (50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1.95 mm, 3 in FIG. 6), a graphite-based release agent was applied, and the inner diameter dimension was 50.2 mm ⁇ with the plate thickness shown in Table 6. It is placed in an iron frame (1 in FIG. 6) having an outer dimension of 50.2 mm, 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm, sandwiched on both sides by ceramic paper shown in Table 6 (10 in FIG. 6), and further coated with alumina sol and temperature After baking at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes, lamination was performed so that both surfaces were sandwiched between 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm ⁇ 1 mm stainless steel plates (SUS430 material, 2 in FIG. 6) coated with a graphite release agent.
- SUS430 material SUS430 material, 2 in FIG. 6
- Example 2 the obtained block was impregnated with an aluminum alloy in diamond powder in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an aluminum-diamond composite having a size of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ frame thickness.
- Table 6 shows the content of diamond particles in the obtained aluminum-diamond composite and the ceramic content (Vf) of the aluminum-ceramic composite on the surface of the aluminum-diamond composite.
- Example 28 The obtained aluminum-diamond composite was polished in the same manner as in Example 1, and then processed into a shape of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 2.4 mm by a water jet processing machine.
- both surface layers were ground by 0.15 mm with a surface grinder and then buffed.
- Example 28 was 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 2.1 mm in shape, and the content of diamond particles was 62% by volume.
- thermo expansion coefficient measurement specimen (3 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ plate thickness), a thermal conductivity measurement specimen (25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ plate thickness), a three-point bending strength measurement specimen (4 mm ⁇ 40 mm) by water jet processing. ⁇ plate thickness).
- thermal expansion coefficient at a temperature of 25 ° C. to 150 ° C. the thermal conductivity at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the three-point bending strength at a temperature of 25 ° C. were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.
- the aluminum-diamond composites according to Examples 23 to 30 are very smooth with a surface roughness of 0.31 to 0.36 ⁇ m and a flatness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m, and have high thermal conductivity. And a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a semiconductor element.
- the average thickness (Table 7) of the surface layer corresponds to the thickness of the ceramic paper 10 (Table 6). That is, it can be seen that a surface layer (surface layer 7 made of an aluminum-ceramic composite material) having a desired thickness can be formed by disposing the ceramic paper 10 at the time of compounding.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献3では、ダイヤモンド粒子の表面にβ型のSiC層を形成することで、複合化時に形成される低熱伝導率の金属炭化物の生成を抑えると共に、溶融金属との濡れ性を改善して、得られる金属-ダイヤモンド複合材料の熱伝導率を改善している。
よって、高い熱伝導率と半導体素子に近い熱膨張率を兼ね備えつつも、表面のめっき性及び表面の面粗さを改善させた複合材料が求められている。
2 離型板
3 プリフォーム
4 湯口
5 表面層
6 アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体
7 アルミニウム-セラミックス複合材料からなる表面層
8 側面部
9 穴部
10 セラミックスペーパー
本明細書において、「~」という記号は「以上」及び「以下」を意味する。例えば、「A~B」というのは、A以上でありB以下であるという意味である。
そして、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程と、アルミニウム合金を融点以上に加熱し、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体に含浸させ、両面がアルミニウムを主成分とする金属を含む表面層で被覆された平板状のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を作製する工程と、前記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を加工してアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体とする工程とを含むことを特徴とする。
原料であるダイヤモンド粉末は、天然ダイヤモンド粉末及び人造ダイヤモンド粉末いずれも使用することができる。本実施形態に係る多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体中のダイヤモンド粒子の含有量は、40体積%以上70体積%以下が好ましい。多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体中のダイヤモンド粒子の含有量は、複合化により得られるアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体でのダイヤモンド粒子の含有量に相当し、該アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の特性に影響する。
上記ダイヤモンド粒子のスラリーを成形する方法としては、プレス成形又は鋳込み成形が好ましい。当該成形方法では、スラリーの成形と並行して、余分な水分を除去することが好ましい。プレス成形の場合、成形圧としては、2~100MPa程度が好ましい。成形圧が2~100MPaであれば、均一な高密度の成形体を得ることができ、好ましい。また、脱水と成形を同時に行うことができるフィルタープレスも採用することができる。また、鋳込み成形の場合、スラリーを加圧して鋳込む加圧鋳込み成形も採用できる。加圧鋳込みを用いることにより、高密度の成形体を得ることができるという点で好ましい
上記の工程により得られた成形体は、乾燥後、大気中又は窒素雰囲気下、温度800℃~1100℃で焼成して多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体とする。焼成雰囲気に関しては、コスト面より大気中又は窒素雰囲気下で実施することが好ましいが、アルゴン等の不活性ガス雰囲気下でも特性的には問題はない。
上記の工程により得られた多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体(以下プリフォームとする)は、必要に応じて切断加工、研削加工を行い、所定の板厚に加工を行う。加工方法については、特に限定は無く、バンドソーやカッターでの切断加工や、研削盤での研削加工等により板厚や形状の調整を行うことができる。
本実施形態で使用する上記枠1は、溶湯鍛造法にて複合化する際に形状、特に板厚が変化しないものであれば良く、鋼材やステンレスの鉄製、黒鉛等が使用できる。材質に関しては、アルミニウム合金と反応して形状が変化しないもので、ブロック作製時の締め付けトルクで破損しないものであれば、セラミックスやその他の金属も使用することができる。
また、両面に配置する離型剤を塗布した離型板2としては、ステンレス板やセラミックス板を使用することができ、溶湯鍛造法にてアルミニウム合金が含浸されない緻密体であれば特に制限はない。また、離型板2に塗布する離型剤については、黒鉛、窒化ホウ素、アルミナ等の離型剤が使用できる。さらには、離型板表面をアルミナゾル等によりコーティングした後、上記離型剤を塗布することにより、より安定した離型が行える離型板を得ることができる。
本実施形態に係るアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造に用いるアルミニウム合金は、珪素を0~25質量%、マグネシウムを0.5~3質量%含有するアルミニウム合金であることが好ましい。
アルミニウム合金中のアルミニウム、珪素、マグネシウム以外の金属成分に関しては、極端に特性が変化しない範囲であれば特に制限はなく、例えば銅等が含まれていても良い。
本実施形態に係るアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体は、両面がアルミニウムを主成分とする金属を含む表面層(図3の5)またはアルミニウム-セラミックス複合材料からなる表面層(図4の7)で被覆された構造を有している。このため、この表面層5またはアルミニウム-セラミックス複合材料からなる表面層7を加工(研磨)することにより、表面精度(表面粗さ:Ra)を調整することができる。この表面層の加工は、通常の金属加工で採用される加工方法が採用でき、例えばバフ研磨機等を用いて研磨を行い、表面粗さ:Raを1μm以下とすることができる。
なお、上記操作により得られたアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体には、アニール処理を行ってもよい。アニール処理を行うことにより、上記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体内の歪みが除去され、より安定した熱伝導率特性を有するアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を得ることができる。
本発明のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体は、ヒートシンク等の放熱部品として使用する場合、接合面の熱抵抗を考慮すると、表面粗さが小さい平滑な面であることが好ましく、その表面粗さ:Raは1μm以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは、0.5μm以下である。
表面粗さが1μm以下であることにより、半導体素子とヒートシンクとの間の半田層の厚みを均一にすることができ、より高い放熱性を得ることができる。
次に、本実施形態に係るアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体の加工方法の例を説明する。このアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体は、非常に硬い難加工性材料であるが、ウォータージェット加工機により、外周部(側面部)(図5の8)及び穴部(図5の9)の加工を行い製品形状に加工することができる。その結果、得られたアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体は、図5のような、外周部8及び穴部9にアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合化部が露出する構造となる。
本実施形態に係るアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体は、半導体素子のヒートシンクとして用いる場合、半導体素子と半田付けにより接合して用いられることが多い。よって、アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の接合表面には、めっきを施してもよい。
上記アルミニウム-セラミックス複合材料からなる表面層7は、めっき性及び面精度の関係より、アルミニウム合金以外の含有量は30体積%以下が好ましい。アルミニウム合金以外の含有量が30体積%未満であれば、表面層を容易に加工できるという効果を得ることができる。
以下、上記実施形態に係るアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の作用効果について説明する。
そして、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程と、アルミニウム合金を融点以上に加熱し、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体に含浸させ、両面がアルミニウムを主成分とする金属を含む表面層で被覆された平板状のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を作製する工程と、前記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を加工してアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体とする工程とを含むことを特徴とする。
市販されている高純度のダイヤモンド粉末A(平均粒子径:150μm)、高純度のダイヤモンド粉末B(平均粒子径:50μm)、高純度のダイヤモンド粉末C(平均粒子径:30μm)、高純度のダイヤモンド粉末D(平均粒子径:15μm)、高純度のダイヤモンド粉末E(平均粒子径:10μm)及び高純度のダイヤモンド粉末F(平均粒子径:1μm)を表1に示す配合比で混合した。また、混合粉末50gに固形分濃度が20質量%のシリカゾル(日産化学社製:スノーテックス)を表1に示す量添加した後、シリカゾル+水の量が20質量%となるように水を添加して、小型攪拌混合機で30分間混合して、スラリーを作製した。
実施例1のダイヤモンドスラリーに沈降防止剤(ビックケミジャパン社製:BYK)1質量%及び水5質量%添加し、内径寸法が50mm×50mm×20mmの石膏型に流し込み、離型後、温度120℃で2時間乾燥を行った。この乾燥体を大気雰囲気下、温度900℃にて1時間焼成を行い、多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体(プリフォーム)を作製した。得られたプリフォームは、アルキメデス法により密度を測定し、添加したシリカ分を考慮して、プリフォーム中のダイヤモンド粒子の含有量を算出した結果、64体積%であった。得られたプリフォームは、ダイヤモンドカッターで50mm×50mm×2.5mmの形状に切断した後、平面研削盤で50mm×50mm×1.95mmに厚み加工を行った。加工時及び取り扱い時の欠け等の発生はなく、ハンドリング性は良好であった。
厚み加工後の実施例1のプリフォーム(50mm×50mm×1.95mm、図1または図2の3)を、黒鉛系離型剤を塗布した、板厚2.0mmで内径寸法が50.2mm×50.2mm、外形寸法が80mm×80mmの鉄製の枠(図1または図2の1)内に配置し、アルミナゾルをコーティングして温度350℃で30分間焼き付け処理を行った後、黒鉛系離型剤を表面に塗布した80mm×80mm×1mmのステンレス板(SUS430材、図1の2)で両面を挟むように積層した。
厚み加工後の実施例1のプリフォーム(50mm×50mm×1.95mm、図6の3)を用い、黒鉛系離型剤を塗布した、表6に示す板厚で内径寸法が50.2mm×50.2mm、外形寸法が80mm×80mmの鉄製の枠内(図6の1)に配置し、表6に示すセラミックスペーパー(図6の10)で両面を挟み、更に、アルミナゾルをコーティングして温度350℃で30分間焼き付け処理を行った後、黒鉛系離型剤を表面に塗布した80mm×80mm×1mmのステンレス板(SUS430材、図6の2)で両面を挟むように積層した。
Claims (5)
- 50μm以上の粒径を有するダイヤモンド粒子が全ダイヤモンド粒子の50体積%以上で、15μm以下の粒径を有するダイヤモンド粒子が全ダイヤモンド粒子の10~40体積%で構成されるダイヤモンド粉末を準備する工程と、
前記ダイヤモンド粉末に対して、コロイダルシリカを全ダイヤモンド粒子に対して固形分換算で0.5~3質量%添加してスラリーを得る工程と、
前記スラリーをプレス成形又は鋳込み成形することにより前記ダイヤモンド粒子の成形体を作製する工程と、
大気中又は窒素雰囲気下において、前記成形体を800℃~1100℃で焼成し、ダイヤモンド粒子の含有量が全体の体積の40~70体積%である多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を得る工程と、
前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程と、
アルミニウム合金を融点以上に加熱し、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体に含浸させ、両面がアルミニウムを主成分とする金属を含む表面層で被覆された平板状のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を作製する工程と、
前記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を加工してアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体とする工程とを含むことを特徴とするアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法。 - 前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程において、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を鉄製又は黒鉛製の枠内に配置し、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体の両面を離型剤を塗布した離型板で挟み、600~750℃で加熱し、
平板状のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を作製する工程において、珪素を0~25質量%、マグネシウムを0.5~3質量%含有するアルミニウム合金を融点以上に加熱し、圧力20MPa以上で前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体に含浸させ、両面がアルミニウムを主成分とする金属を含む表面層で被覆された平板状のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を作製し、
前記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を加工する工程において、ウォータージェット加工又は放電加工により、前記アルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系成形体を加工してアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体とすることを特徴とするアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法。 - 前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程において、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体の両面に、厚みが0.05~0.5mmのセラミックスペーパーを配置し、さらに前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を前記離型板で挟むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法。
- 前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加熱する工程の前に、前記多孔質ダイヤモンド成形体を加工する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3に記載のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法。
- 前記ウォータージェット加工又は放電加工の工程時に、側面部及び穴部の加工を行うことを特徴とする請求項2ないし4のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム-ダイヤモンド系複合体の製造方法。
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