WO2009153855A1 - 水質分析計 - Google Patents
水質分析計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009153855A1 WO2009153855A1 PCT/JP2008/061018 JP2008061018W WO2009153855A1 WO 2009153855 A1 WO2009153855 A1 WO 2009153855A1 JP 2008061018 W JP2008061018 W JP 2008061018W WO 2009153855 A1 WO2009153855 A1 WO 2009153855A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- absorbance
- unit
- conversion formula
- water pollution
- storage medium
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000011481 absorbance measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000491 multivariate analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012314 multivariate regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/129—Using chemometrical methods
Definitions
- the present invention is a collective term for ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and water pollution (COD (chemical oxygen consumption), BOD (biological oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon)) of wastewater and environmental water.
- a conversion equation regression equation that converts UV values into those values is created on the premise of the correlation with the measured value of water pollution degree), and the converted water pollution degree is calculated from the UV value measured for the sample water based on this formula. It relates to a water quality analyzer that obtains values.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- An absorptiometer is used to measure the COD value.
- Light from a light source such as a low-pressure mercury lamp is irradiated to the measurement cell.
- the measurement cell guides the sample to a space having a certain optical path length and transmits light from the light source.
- the light transmitted through the measurement cell is transmitted through the interference filter, a specific wavelength, for example, 254 nm is selected, detected by the detector, and the detection signal is converted into absorbance by the amplifier.
- the COD component is mainly an organic substance.
- the correlation between the absorbance at a specific wavelength in the ultraviolet region (usually 254 nm) and the separately obtained COD measurement value is examined, and converted to COD.
- An equation is created and converted from the absorbance to the COD value.
- a single wavelength is used as the wavelength in the ultraviolet region.
- the COD conversion formula using the absorbance at a single ultraviolet wavelength may not provide a good correlation with the COD value.
- the COD measurement is performed according to the following procedure. (1) Using a plurality of samples collected in the field, record the absorbance measured by an analyzer such as an absorptiometer and the analytical value such as the COD value by manual chemical analysis. (2) Based on this, the conversion coefficient is calculated using the least square method. (3) The calculated conversion factor is set in the analyzer. The analyzer converts the absorbance measurement value into a COD value using such a set conversion factor.
- the manual analysis result by the chemical analysis of the water pollution degree such as COD is manually input from the input device, but the input operation and calculation are performed by automating the input of the other absorbance measurement values and the calculation process.
- the purpose is to improve the operability.
- the first embodiment of the water quality analyzer of the present invention is such that the analyzer and the arithmetic unit are configured as separate devices independent of each other.
- the analyzer includes an optical measurement unit that measures absorbance at a plurality of wavelengths in the ultraviolet region, and the total absorbance, which is a function obtained by weighting the absorbance measurement values measured by the optical measurement unit and linearly combining them, Calculation unit for converting to pollution degree, which can hold an externally applied conversion unit, and calculates the water pollution degree from the absorbance measurement value in the optical measurement unit using the held conversion formula
- An external storage medium can be detachably connected, absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths by the optical measurement unit can be supplied to the external storage medium, and a conversion formula given from the outside by the external storage medium
- An external storage medium connection unit that can be supplied to the calculation unit; and a control unit that controls operations of the calculation unit and the external storage medium connection unit.
- the computing device includes an input unit to which water pollution degree analysis values are input, absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths for the plurality of samples in the analyzer, and water pollution analysis of each of the plurality of samples input to the input unit.
- a conversion formula calculation unit that calculates a conversion formula to be held by the calculation unit based on the value and an external storage medium can be detachably connected, and a plurality of the analysis devices provided from the outside by the external storage medium
- An external storage medium connection unit capable of supplying absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for the sample to the conversion formula calculation unit, and supplying the conversion formula calculated by the conversion formula calculation unit to an external storage medium; It has.
- the arithmetic device may include a computer and a program.
- the program causes the computer to read the absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths for the plurality of samples in the analyzer from an external storage medium via the external storage medium connection unit of the arithmetic unit, Means for creating total absorbance for all or a combination of one or more of the absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths read by the storage medium reading means, and reading the water pollution analysis value input to the input unit Means for calculating a regression equation by multivariate analysis based on all the total absorbances created by the total absorbance creating means and water pollution degree analysis values for a plurality of samples read by the water pollution degree analysis value reading means, Means for selecting a regression equation calculated by the regression equation calculation means that has the best correlation with the water pollution analysis value;
- the second embodiment of the water quality analyzer of the present invention is configured as an apparatus in which the analyzer and the arithmetic unit are integrated.
- the water quality analyzer in this form is an optical measurement unit that measures absorbance at a plurality of wavelengths in the ultraviolet region, and the total absorbance, which is a function obtained by first combining the weighted absorbance measurement values by the optical measurement unit, as water pollution degree.
- An arithmetic unit that can hold a conversion formula for conversion, calculates a water pollution level from the absorbance measurement value in the optical measurement unit using the held conversion formula, and an input to which a water pollution level analysis value is input And a conversion formula to be held by the calculation unit based on the absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths for the plurality of samples in the optical measurement unit and the water pollution analysis values of the plurality of samples input to the input unit And a conversion formula calculation unit that causes the calculation unit to store the calculation formula.
- the conversion formula calculation unit may include a computer and a program.
- the program causes the computer to read the absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths for the plurality of samples in the optical measurement unit, all or a part of the absorbance measurement values at the plurality of wavelengths read by the reading unit.
- Means for creating a total absorbance for all combinations of one or more of the above means for reading the water pollution analysis value input to the input unit, all the total absorbance generated by the total absorbance creating means and the water pollution degree Means for calculating a regression equation by multivariate analysis based on the water pollution degree analysis values for the plurality of samples read by the analysis value reading means, and the water pollution degree analysis value of the regression equations calculated by the regression equation calculation means; Means for selecting the one having the best correlation, and a method for causing the arithmetic unit to hold the regression equation selected by the selection unit as a conversion equation. It can be set as the program for functioning as a stage.
- the superiority or inferiority of the correlation coefficient or the superiority or inferiority of the relative error between the converted water pollution degree value and the actually measured water pollution degree value can be used.
- the absorbance can include an absorbance integral value in a predetermined wavelength range in addition to the absorbance at a specific wavelength.
- the total absorbance can include absorbance by wavelength in the visible region for turbidity correction in addition to absorbance by wavelength in the ultraviolet region.
- the absorbance values at a plurality of wavelengths measured by the optical measurement unit are supplied to the conversion formula calculation unit via an external storage medium or directly, the conversion formula is calculated, and the calculated conversion formula Is supplied to and set to the calculation unit of the analyzer that calculates the water pollution degree directly or via an external storage medium, and the labor of manually inputting absorbance values at a plurality of wavelengths measured by the optical measurement unit Therefore, it is possible to reduce the trouble of setting the conversion formula in the analyzer, and the operability is improved.
- Analyzing devices are often installed at measurement sites such as rivers, and samples are collected regularly or from time to time and then flowed into a measurement cell consisting of a flow cell for automatic measurement. In such a case, once the conversion formula is obtained for the sample at the measurement site, it is not necessary to change the conversion formula unless there is a large change in the composition of the sample.
- the analysis device and the calculation device are configured as separate devices that are independent from each other, the analysis device is installed at a measurement site, a computer installed at another place is used as the calculation device, and data between them is By performing the transfer via an external storage medium, one computer as an arithmetic unit can be shared by a plurality of analyzers, and the cost per analyzer can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 shows an analyzer
- the analyzer 2 includes an optical measurement unit 5, a calculation unit 10, an external storage medium connection unit 12, and a control unit 16.
- the optical measurement unit 5 includes a measurement cell 4, a light source 6, and a light detector 8.
- the light from the light source 6 is incident on the measurement cell 4, and the light transmitted through the measurement cell 4 is detected by the light detector 8. ing.
- the light source 6 can emit a wide range of continuous light spectrums or a plurality of emission line spectra in the ultraviolet region so that the optical measuring unit 5 can measure the absorbance at a plurality of wavelengths in the ultraviolet region.
- a filter or a spectroscope that can be switched in multiple stages is provided on the optical path before entering the measurement cell 4 or on the optical path after exiting the measurement cell 4.
- the wavelength of light incident on the detector 8 is sequentially selected, or a photodiode array is used as the photodetector 8, and a polychromator is provided as a spectroscope on the optical path on the emission side of the measurement cell 4. Wavelength light can be detected simultaneously.
- the optical measuring unit 5 needs to include a plurality of wavelengths in the ultraviolet region, and it is preferable that the absorbance can be measured also in the visible region.
- the calculation unit 10 is a conversion formula for converting the total absorbance, which is a function obtained by weighting the absorbance measurement value measured by the optical measurement unit 5 and linearly combined, into a water pollution level, and is given from the outside.
- the degree of water contamination can be calculated from the absorbance measurement value in the optical measurement unit 5 using the conversion formula that can be held.
- the external storage medium connection unit 12 can removably connect the external storage medium 14 and can supply absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths by the optical measurement unit 5 to the external storage medium 14.
- the external storage medium 14 may be of any type as long as it is detachable and portable, such as a CF (compact flash) memory, a floppy disk, or a USB memory.
- the control unit 16 controls the operation of the calculation unit 10 and the external storage medium connection unit 12. Specifically, the control unit 16 causes the light intensity signal detected by the photodetector 8 to be converted into absorbance by the calculation unit 10, causes the external storage medium connection unit 12 to record the absorbance in the external storage medium 14, and externally
- the storage medium 14 holds a conversion formula held from the calculation device 20 described later in the calculation unit 10 and uses the conversion formula held in the calculation device 20 to calculate the absorbance measurement value into a water pollution level such as a COD value. Is to instruct. The instruction is given by the operator.
- FIG. 2 shows the arithmetic unit 20.
- the arithmetic unit 20 includes an input unit 24 to which a water pollution analysis value such as a COD value by chemical analysis is input, a conversion formula calculation unit 26 and an external storage medium connection unit 22.
- the conversion formula calculation unit 26 is a conversion that the calculation unit 10 should hold based on the absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for a plurality of samples in the analyzer 2 and the water pollution analysis value of each of the plurality of samples input to the input unit 24. The equation is calculated.
- the external storage medium connection unit 22 can removably connect the external storage medium 14, and converts absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for a plurality of samples in the analyzer 2 supplied from the outside by the external storage medium 14.
- the conversion formula calculated by the conversion formula calculation unit 26 can be supplied to the external storage medium 14.
- the conversion formula calculated by the conversion formula calculation unit 26 is also stored in an external storage device 28 such as a hard disk device.
- the calculation device 20 can use a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer or a dedicated computer, and the conversion formula calculation unit 26 can be realized as a program. As shown in FIG. 3, the program that realizes the conversion formula calculation unit 26 uses a computer to externally store absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for a plurality of samples in the analyzer 2 via the external storage medium connection unit 22.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation flow for calculating the conversion formula in this embodiment.
- COD or the like which is the degree of water pollution, is obtained by chemical analysis in a laboratory or laboratory, and is manually input to the arithmetic unit 20.
- the absorbance data and the conversion formula data are transferred between the analyzer 2 and the arithmetic unit 20 via the storage medium 14.
- the conversion formula obtained by the calculation device 20 is sent to the analysis device 2 via the storage medium 14 and is also stored in the storage device 28 connected to the calculation device 20 or the storage device 28 built in the calculation device 20. Is remembered as 28 is, for example, a hard disk device.
- a sample for obtaining a conversion formula is prepared.
- the sample is a plurality of samples collected at different times from the river or factory wastewater to be measured.
- the absorbance of the first sample is measured by the analyzer 2.
- Absorbance is measured at the set five ultraviolet wavelengths and one visible light wavelength.
- the selection of the ultraviolet wavelength is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add 254 nm as a typical wavelength that is usually used. Further, as the visible light wavelength, it is preferable to select 546 nm, which is often used for measuring turbidity.
- the absorbance measurement in the analyzer 2 is automatically performed when the sample is put into the cell 4.
- Ultraviolet light (which may include visible light) emitted from the light source 6 passes through the sample in the cell 4, and the ultraviolet light that has passed through the cell enters the detector 8 and is converted into an electrical signal. Based on the electrical signal corresponding to the transmitted light intensity from the detector 8, the absorbance is calculated by the calculation unit 10.
- Absorbance measurement is performed on all the samples prepared by sequentially replacing the samples in the cell 4.
- the control unit 16 notifies the calculation unit 10 of the fact, and the calculation unit 10 records the obtained absorbance on the external recording medium 14 through the external recording medium connection unit 12.
- the absorbance recorded in the external storage medium 14 is carried to the arithmetic unit 20 and used for calculation of the conversion formula.
- the conversion formula obtained by the arithmetic unit 20 is carried again to the analyzer 2 via the external storage medium 14.
- the conversion unit that is, a parameter such as a conversion coefficient is read through the external storage medium 14, and the setting of the calculation unit 10 is changed.
- the analysis algorithm for obtaining the conversion formula in the conversion formula calculation unit 26 of the arithmetic unit 20 is as follows. This analysis algorithm is realized by software.
- Total absorbance calculation formula: X c 1 ⁇ x 1 + c 2 ⁇ x 2 + c 3 ⁇ x 3 + c 4 ⁇ x 4 + c 5 ⁇ x 5 (1)
- X is the total absorbance
- x j is the ultraviolet absorbance at the wavelength ⁇ j
- c j is the weight coefficient of the ultraviolet absorbance at the wavelength ⁇ j .
- Total absorbance calculation with turbidity correction by VIS (visible light):
- X ′ X ⁇ d ⁇ x 6 (2)
- X ′ is the turbidity corrected total absorbance
- x 6 is the visible light absorbance
- d is the turbidity correction coefficient.
- Y is a conversion value
- a and B are conversion coefficients.
- b 0 to b 6 can be determined by multiple regression analysis. Each coefficient can be obtained by calculating backward from the regression coefficient of the regression equation as follows.
- a conversion coefficient (A, B), a weighting coefficient (c j ), and a turbidity correction coefficient (d) are calculated by the following procedure 1 from actual measured values of the water pollution degree such as COD at each wavelength.
- step (1-1) If the following conditions are met in the pattern of step (1-1), the following procedure is performed, the total absorbance (X) is calculated, and the conversion coefficient and correlation coefficient are calculated.
- All weighting factors (c j ) are 0 or more, and the weighting factor (c 2 ) of absorbance at 254 nm (ch2) is 0.00.
- Turbidity correction coefficient (d) is greater than 1.0 or less than 0.
- a pattern having the largest correlation coefficient is selected from all patterns except for the following conditions.
- a. A weighting factor (c j ) including a negative weighting factor
- Turbidity correction coefficient (d) is negative c.
- the procedure for obtaining the conversion formula is summarized as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the absorbance values of a plurality of samples are input from the storage medium 14. Assume that the absorbance at five ultraviolet wavelengths and the absorbance in one visible region are measured for each sample.
- the water pollution degree value such as COD obtained separately by chemical analysis is manually entered for each sample.
- the conversion formula is now determined, and each coefficient of the conversion formula is transferred to the analyzer 2 via the storage medium 14.
- UV1 243 nm
- UV2 254 nm
- UV3 265 nm
- UV4 275 nm
- UV5 290 nm
- Measurement date / time and absorbance data for each wavelength are displayed for sample numbers 1-12.
- the column described as “measured value” is a water pollution level value such as COD, which is manually input after chemical analysis.
- total absorbance column the total absorbance value calculated based on the conversion formula obtained by the conversion formula calculation unit 26 is displayed for each sample, and water pollution such as COD converted using the total absorbance value.
- the degree value is displayed in the column “converted value”.
- the weighting factor included in the total absorbance formula constituting the conversion formula obtained by the conversion formula calculation unit 26 is displayed under the five ultraviolet wavelengths UV1 to UV5, and the correction factor for visible light is displayed. It is displayed.
- x represents the total absorbance X or the total absorbance X ′ corrected for turbidity.
- UV-VIS is displayed as “total absorbance”
- the absorbance of visible light is also used as the total absorbance
- x means turbidity corrected total absorbance X ′. It is also displayed that the COD value is measured as the measurement value.
- the correlation coefficient of the obtained regression equation is 0.8501.
- the absorbance format below indicates that the displayed absorbance is a value converted so that the optical path length is 10 mm so that it can be handled uniformly even when the optical path length of the measurement cell in the analyzer is different. ing.
- the optical measuring unit 5 includes a measurement cell 4, a light source 6, and a photodetector 8, and is the same as that shown in the analyzer of FIG. .
- the calculation unit 10 a holds a conversion formula for converting the total absorbance, which is a function obtained by weighting the absorbance measurement values obtained by the optical measurement unit 5 and performing a linear combination, into a water pollution level.
- the water pollution degree is calculated from the absorbance measurement value in the optical measurement unit 5 using the stored conversion formula.
- the conversion formula calculation unit 26a and the input unit 24a are the same as those provided in the arithmetic unit 20 configured as an independent device different from the analysis device 2 in the previous embodiment.
- a water pollution analysis value such as a COD value measured separately by chemical analysis is input to the input unit 24a.
- the conversion formula calculation unit 26a should be held by the calculation unit 10a based on the absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for a plurality of samples in the optical measurement unit 5 and the water pollution analysis values of the plurality of samples input to the input unit 24a.
- a conversion formula is calculated and held in the calculation unit 10a.
- the control unit 16a controls the operation of the calculation unit 10a and the conversion formula calculation unit 26a. Specifically, when calculating the conversion formula, the control unit 16a converts the light intensity signal detected by the photodetector 8 into an absorbance at the calculation unit 10a, and supplies the absorbance to the conversion formula calculation unit 26a for conversion.
- the conversion formula calculated by the conversion formula calculation unit 26a is read by the formula calculation unit 26a, the water pollution degree value such as the COD value input to the input unit 24a is read, the conversion formula calculation unit 26a calculates the conversion formula.
- the calculation unit 10a holds it.
- an instruction is given to perform an operation for converting the absorbance measurement value into a water pollution degree such as a COD value using the conversion formula held in the calculation unit 10a.
- the instruction is given by the operator.
- the calculated converted water pollution degree is displayed on the analyzer 2a or output to an external device.
- the calculation unit 10a and the conversion formula calculation unit 26a can use a general-purpose computer such as a personal computer or a dedicated computer, and the conversion formula calculation unit 26a can be realized as a program. As shown in FIG. 8, the program that realizes the conversion formula calculation unit 26a is read by the computer 30a and the reading unit 30a that read the absorbance measurement values at a plurality of wavelengths for a plurality of samples in the optical measurement unit 5.
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Abstract
Description
(1)現場で採取した複数の試料を用いて吸光光度計等の分析装置による吸光度の測定と、手分析の化学分析によるCOD値などの分析値をそれぞれ記録する。
(2)それを基に最小二乗法を用いて換算係数を計算する。
(3)計算された換算係数を分析装置に設定する。
分析装置ではそのような設定された換算係数を用いて吸光度測定値をCOD値に変換する。
5 光学測定部
10,10a 演算部
12 外部記憶媒体接続部
16,16a 制御部
20 演算装置
22 外部記憶媒体接続部
24,24a 入力部
26,26a 換算式算出部
28 外部記憶装置
30 外部記憶媒体読込み手段
30a 吸光度読込み手段
32 総吸光度作成手段
34 水質汚染度分析値読込み手段
36 回帰式算出手段
38 選択手段
40 換算式出力手段
40a 保持させる手段
本ソフトウエアで重要なことは,相関係数の高い換算係数、重み係数、濁度補正係数を決定することである。次のように式を変換しておけば、多変数の回帰分析を行うことで各係数の演算ができる。
X=c1・x1+c2・x2+c3・x3+c4・x4+c5・x5 (1)
ここで、Xは総吸光度、xjは波長λjでの紫外線吸光度、cjは波長λjでの紫外線吸光度の重み係数である。
X'=X-d・x6 (2)
ここで、X’は濁度補正総吸光度、x6は可視光吸光度、dは濁度補正係数である。
Y=A+B・X’ (3)
ここで、Yは換算値、A,Bは換算係数である。
Y=A+B・c1・x1+B・c2・x2+B・c3・x3+B・c4・x4+B・c5・x5-B・d・x6
(4)
ここで、
b0=A
bj=B・cj(j=1,2,…,5)
b6=-B・d
とおくと、(4)式は次のように変更できる。
Y=b0+b1・x1+b2・x2+b3・x3+b4・x4+b5・x5+b6・x6 (5)
A=b0
B=b1+b2+b3+b4+b5
cj=bj/B (j=1,2,…,5)
d=-b6/B (6)
各波長でのCODなどの水質汚染度の実測定値から換算係数(A,B)、重み係数(cj)及び濁度補正係数(d)を次の手順1により算出する。
(1-1)次の全てのパターン(62組)について、後述の手順2により換算係数(A,B)、重み係数(cj)、濁度補正係数(d)、総吸光度(X)、換算値、相関係数の計算を行う。ただし,選択されていない紫外線波長の重み係数は0.00とする。可視光吸光度を使用していない場合は濁度補正係数を1.0に固定する。
1)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の1chを使用した場合の5パターン。
2)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意のIch+可視光吸光度を使用した場合の5パターン。
3)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の2chを使用した場合の10パターン(=5C2)。
4)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の2ch+可視光吸光度を使用した場合の10パターン(=5C2)。
5)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の3chを使用した場合の10パターン(=5C3)。
6)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の3ch+可視光吸光度を使用した場合の10パターン(=5C3)。
7)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の4chを使用した場合の5パターン(=5C4)。
8)紫外線吸光度5ch中任意の4ch+可視光吸光度を使用した場合の5パターン(=5C4)。
9)紫外線吸光度5chを使用した場合の1パターン。
10)紫外線吸光度5ch+可視光吸光度を使用した場合の1パターン。
条件:全ての重み係数(cj)が0以上で、254nm(ch2)での吸光度の重み係数(c2)が0.00。
処置:254nm(ch2)での吸光度の重み係数(c2)を0.01とし、他の波長での吸光度での最大の重み係数を0.01だけ減らす。
条件:濁度補正係数(d)が1.0より大又は0未満。
処置:濁度補正係数(d)が負の場合、d=0.0にする。濁度補正係数(d)が1.0を超えている場合、d=1.0にする。
a.重み係数(cj)に負の重み係数を含むもの
b.濁度補正係数(d)が負のもの
c.濁度補正係数(d)が1.0より大きいもの
1)多変量解析の重回帰分析を用いて、(5)式の回帰式を算出する。
2)(6)式により各係数を算出する。
3)各試料の総吸光度(Xi)を計算する。
3-1)可視光吸光度を使用しない場合:
Xi=c1・xi1+c2・xi2+c3・xi3+c4・xi4+c5・xi5
3-2)可視光吸光度を使用する場合:
Xi=c1・xi1+c2・xi2+c3・xi3+c4・xi4+c5・xi5-d・xi6
ここで、Xiは試料番号iの総吸光度、xijは試料番号iのChjの紫外線吸光度(j=1,2,…,5)、xi6は試料番号iの可視光吸光度である。
4)各試料の総吸光度(Xi)とCODなどの水質汚染度値の実測定値とから相関係数を計算する。
Claims (8)
- 紫外領域の複数波長での吸光度を測定する光学測定部、前記光学測定部により測定された吸光度測定値に重み付けを行って一次結合した関数である総吸光度を水質汚染度に変換するための換算式であって外部から与えられたものを保持することができ、保持した換算式を用いて前記光学測定部での吸光度測定値から水質汚染度を算出する演算部、外部記憶媒体を着脱可能に接続することができ、前記光学測定部による複数波長での吸光度測定値を外部記憶媒体に供給することができ、外部記憶媒体により外部から与えられた換算式を前記演算部に供給することができる外部記憶媒体接続部、並びに前記演算部及び外部記憶媒体接続部の動作を制御する制御部を備えた分析装置と、
水質汚染度分析値が入力される入力部、前記分析装置での複数試料についての前記複数波長での吸光度測定値及び前記入力部に入力された複数試料それぞれの水質汚染度分析値に基づいて前記演算部が保持すべき換算式を算出する換算式算出部、並びに外部記憶媒体を着脱可能に接続することができ、外部記憶媒体により外部から与えられた前記分析装置での複数試料についての前記複数波長での吸光度測定値を前記換算式算出部へ供給することができ、前記換算式算出部が算出した換算式を外部記憶媒体に供給することができる外部記憶媒体接続部を備えた演算装置と、
を備えた水質分析計。 - 前記演算装置はコンピュータとプログラムとを含み、
前記プログラムはコンピュータを、前記分析装置での複数試料についての前記複数波長での吸光度測定値を該演算装置の前記外部記憶媒体接続部を介して外部記憶媒体から読み込む手段、
前記外部記憶媒体読込み手段が読み込んだ前記複数波長での吸光度測定値の全て又はそのうちの1もしくは複数個による全ての組合せについて総吸光度を作成する手段、
前記入力部に入力された水質汚染度分析値を読み込む手段、
前記総吸光度作成手段が作成した全ての総吸光度と前記水質汚染度分析値読込み手段が読み込んだ複数試料についての水質汚染度分析値に基づいて多変量解析により回帰式を算出する手段、
前記回帰式算出手段が算出した回帰式のうち前記水質汚染度分析値との相関関係が最も優れているものを選択する手段、並びに
前記選択手段が選択した回帰式を換算式として前記外部記憶媒体接続部を介して外部記憶媒体に出力する手段として機能させるためのプログラムである請求項1に記載の水質分析計。 - 紫外領域の複数波長での吸光度を測定する光学測定部と、
前記光学測定部による吸光度測定値に重み付けを行って一次結合した関数である総吸光度を水質汚染度に変換するための換算式を保持することができ、保持した換算式を用いて前記光学測定部での吸光度測定値から水質汚染度を算出する演算部と、
水質汚染度分析値が入力される入力部と、
前記光学測定部での複数試料についての前記複数波長での吸光度測定値及び前記入力部に入力された複数試料それぞれの水質汚染度分析値に基づいて前記演算部が保持すべき換算式を算出し、前記演算部へ保持させる換算式算出部と、
を備えた水質分析計。 - 前記換算式算出部はコンピュータとプログラムとを含み、
前記プログラムはコンピュータを、前記光学測定部での複数試料についての前記複数波長での吸光度測定値を読み込む手段、
前記読込み手段が読み込んだ前記複数波長での吸光度測定値の全て又はそのうちの1もしくは複数個による全ての組合せについて総吸光度を作成する手段、
前記入力部に入力された水質汚染度分析値を読み込む手段、
前記総吸光度作成手段が作成した全ての総吸光度と前記水質汚染度分析値読込み手段が読み込んだ複数試料についての水質汚染度分析値に基づいて多変量解析により回帰式を算出する手段、
前記回帰式算出手段が算出した回帰式のうち前記水質汚染度分析値との相関関係が最も優れているものを選択する手段、並びに
前記選択手段が選択した回帰式を換算式として前記演算部へ保持させる手段として機能させるためのプログラムである請求項3に記載の水質分析計。 - 相関関係の優劣の判断として、相関係数の優劣を用いる請求項2又は4に記載の水質分析計。
- 相関関係の優劣の判断として、換算水質汚染度値と実測水質汚染度値との相対誤差の優劣を用いる請求項2又は4に記載の水質分析計。
- 前記吸光度には所定波長範囲での吸光度積分値を含む請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の水質分析計。
- 前記総吸光度は紫外領域での波長による吸光度に加えて、濁度補正のための可視領域での波長による吸光度も含んでいる請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の水質分析計。
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