WO2009148120A1 - 薄膜太陽電池製造装置 - Google Patents
薄膜太陽電池製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009148120A1 WO2009148120A1 PCT/JP2009/060252 JP2009060252W WO2009148120A1 WO 2009148120 A1 WO2009148120 A1 WO 2009148120A1 JP 2009060252 W JP2009060252 W JP 2009060252W WO 2009148120 A1 WO2009148120 A1 WO 2009148120A1
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- H01L21/677—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations
- H01L21/67763—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations the wafers being stored in a carrier, involving loading and unloading
- H01L21/67778—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations the wafers being stored in a carrier, involving loading and unloading involving loading and unloading of wafers
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
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- H01L21/67739—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations into and out of processing chamber
- H01L21/67754—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations into and out of processing chamber horizontal transfer of a batch of workpieces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/20—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/20—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-149935 filed in Japan on June 6, 2008, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the single crystal Si type and the polycrystalline Si type occupy most of them, but there is a concern that the Si material is insufficient. Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for thin film solar cells having a thin film Si layer, which have a low manufacturing cost and a low risk of material shortage. Furthermore, in addition to conventional thin-film solar cells having only an a-Si (amorphous silicon) layer, recently, a photoelectric conversion efficiency has been achieved by laminating an a-Si layer and a ⁇ c-Si (microcrystal silicon) layer. There is an increasing demand for tandem thin-film solar cells with improved performance.
- a plasma CVD apparatus is often used to form a thin film Si layer (semiconductor layer) of the thin film solar cell.
- this type of plasma CVD apparatus there are a single-wafer PE-CVD (plasma CVD) apparatus, an in-line PE-CVD apparatus, a batch-type PE-CVD apparatus, and the like.
- the ⁇ c-Si layer of the tandem solar cell needs to have a film thickness (about 1.5 ⁇ m) that is about 5 times that of the a-Si layer. is there.
- the ⁇ c-Si layer needs to form a high-quality microcrystal film uniformly, there is a limit to increasing the deposition rate. Therefore, in order to compensate for this, it is required to improve productivity by increasing the number of batches. That is, there is a demand for an apparatus that can realize a high throughput at a low film formation rate.
- the film is formed in a state where the film formation surface of the substrate is arranged substantially parallel to the direction of gravity.
- a vertical CVD apparatus to be applied.
- Some of these vertical CVD apparatuses have a carrier (conveying unit) in which a pair of support walls (holders) for supporting a substrate are vertically provided. The respective support walls are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to each other.
- the carrier moves along the surface direction in a state where the substrate is supported on each support wall, and the substrate is taken in and out of the film formation chamber.
- a heater for heating each substrate is provided in the film formation chamber. The heater is disposed between the pair of substrates that have been transported.
- high-frequency electrodes are disposed on the inner surface of both side walls of the film forming chamber.
- the deposition gas supplied to the deposition chamber is turned into plasma (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the above-described CVD apparatus requires a room for each film formation process, such as a heating chamber for heating the substrate and a take-out chamber for taking out the substrate on which the film is formed. .
- a room for each film formation process such as a heating chamber for heating the substrate and a take-out chamber for taking out the substrate on which the film is formed.
- the carrier moves in each room while the substrate is supported on each support wall.
- the carrier is also taken in and out of the film formation chamber together with the substrate. For this reason, since the whole carrier is exposed in the film formation chamber, a film is also formed on the carrier in addition to the film formation surface of the substrate.
- the film formed on the carrier may be peeled off during the movement of the carrier and the film may adhere to the film formation surface of the substrate as a reaction byproduct (powder). . For this reason, a normal film is not formed on the film formation surface of the substrate to which the reaction by-product (powder) is adhered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by preventing the formation of a film on the transport unit while improving productivity, the quality of the film formed on the film formation surface of the substrate is improved. It aims at providing the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus which can be improved.
- the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a film formation chamber for forming a film on a film formation surface of a substrate by a CVD method, a cathode unit in which a cathode to which a voltage is applied is disposed on both sides, and each of the cathodes A pair of anodes facing each other and spaced apart from each other; a mask covering a peripheral edge of the substrate; and an exhaust duct installed around the cathode unit; A film formation space is formed between the cathode unit and the substrate disposed on the anode side; an exhaust passage is formed between the mask and the cathode unit; the exhaust duct and the film formation space; Are connected through the exhaust passage; and the deposition gas introduced into the deposition space is exhausted from the exhaust duct through the exhaust passage.
- a film formation space is formed between the cathode unit and the substrate installed on the anode.
- the peripheral edge of the substrate can be prevented from being exposed to the film formation space, and the film can be prevented from being formed on the peripheral edge of the substrate.
- the exhaust duct is installed around the cathode unit, the film forming gas (exhaust gas) can be exhausted from the periphery of the substrate. For this reason, exhaust efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, by exhausting using an exhaust duct, for example, reaction by-products (powder) generated when a film is formed on the film formation surface of the substrate can be easily recovered.
- reaction by-products (powder) By attaching and depositing reaction by-products (powder) on the inner wall of the exhaust duct, it becomes possible to exhaust a relatively clean film-forming gas that does not contain reaction by-products (powder). Further, when cleaning the exhaust duct, reaction by-products (powder) can be cleaned together.
- the exhaust duct is connected to the film forming space by an exhaust passage formed between the mask and the cathode unit, and the film forming gas is exhausted from the exhaust duct through the exhaust passage.
- a film forming space is formed by the cathode unit and the substrate, and reaction by-products (powder) and film forming gas are exhausted from the film forming space through the exhaust passage through the exhaust duct, so that the film forming gas to other regions is formed. And diffusion of reaction by-products (powder) can be restricted, and contamination outside the film formation space in the film formation chamber can be reduced.
- the cathode may be a shower plate that supplies the film forming gas to the film forming surface of the substrate.
- the cathode it is not necessary to separately provide the cathode and the shower plate, and it becomes possible to simplify and reduce the cost of the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
- the cathode as a shower plate, the deposition gas can be uniformly introduced into the deposition region (deposition space), and a high-frequency voltage can be uniformly applied to the deposition region. Therefore, the plasma becomes more uniform and the quality of the formed film can be improved.
- the electrode unit further includes a drive unit that moves the anode toward and away from the cathode; by moving the anode holding the substrate toward the cathode by the drive unit.
- the mask portion may cover the peripheral portion of the substrate.
- the anode moves in a direction approaching / separating from the cathode unit, so that the gap between the anode and the cathode unit can be set large when the substrate is taken in and out of the film forming chamber.
- the gap between the anode and the cathode unit can be set small. For this reason, while improving the quality of the film to be formed, it is possible to facilitate loading and unloading of the substrate from the film forming chamber and improve productivity. Further, the substrate can be easily approached and separated from the cathode unit as the anode moves.
- the mask covers the peripheral edge of the substrate, thereby preventing a film from being formed on the peripheral edge of the substrate. For this reason, it is possible to reliably prevent the formation of the film on the peripheral edge of the substrate at a low cost without using a large-scale mask. Further, by covering the peripheral edge of the substrate with the mask, it is possible to restrict the deposition gas from spreading to a region where a substrate transfer portion (carrier) and an anode described later are present.
- the apparatus further includes a transport unit that transports the substrate between the anode and the cathode unit, and the transport unit is in contact with the first holding piece that contacts the film formation surface of the substrate and the back surface of the substrate.
- the peripheral portion of the substrate may be covered with the mask on the inner peripheral side of the first clamping piece of the transport unit.
- the substrate since the substrate is transferred using the transfer unit, the substrate can be continuously moved between the rooms set for each film forming step, and productivity can be improved. Further, when the film is formed on the film forming surface of the substrate, the mask covers the first sandwich piece and restricts the deposition gas from spreading to the transfer unit side, so that a film or a reaction byproduct is formed on the transfer unit. Adhesion can be reduced. For this reason, the cleaning frequency of a conveyance part can be decreased. In addition, for example, it is possible to prevent the film formed on the transport unit from peeling off and adhering to the film formation surface of the substrate. For this reason, the quality of the film
- the mask portion covers the peripheral portion of the substrate, so that the space where the film formation space exists and the space where the transfer portion exists may be separated.
- the mask can be separated from the film forming chamber integrally with the electrode unit, the mask can be easily cleaned. As a result, it is possible to improve the operating rate of the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
- a temperature control unit for adjusting the temperature of the substrate may be incorporated in the anode.
- the temperature of the substrate can be controlled efficiently.
- the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus can be downsized.
- a film formation space is formed between the cathode unit and the substrate installed on the anode. Therefore, it can prevent that the peripheral part of a board
- reaction by-products (powder) and film formation gas are exhausted from the film formation space through an exhaust passage through an exhaust duct.
- reaction by-products (powder) generated when a film is formed on the film formation surface of the substrate can be easily recovered.
- reaction by-products (powder) generated when a film is formed on the film formation surface of the substrate can be easily recovered.
- by attaching and depositing reaction by-products (powder) on the inner wall of the exhaust duct it becomes possible to exhaust a relatively clean film-forming gas that does not contain reaction by-products (powder).
- the mask covers the first sandwich piece and restricts the deposition gas from spreading to the transfer unit side, so that a film or a reaction byproduct is formed on the transfer unit. Adhesion can be reduced. For this reason, the cleaning frequency of a conveyance part can be decreased. Further, it is possible to prevent the film formed on the transport unit from peeling off and adhering to the film formation surface of the substrate. For this reason, the quality of the film
- FIG. 1 It is the schematic sectional drawing which showed an example of the thin film solar cell manufactured with the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the film-forming chamber of this embodiment. It is a perspective view at the time of seeing the film-forming chamber from another angle. It is a side view of the film-forming chamber. It is a perspective view of the electrode unit of this embodiment. It is a perspective view at the time of seeing the same electrode unit from another angle. It is a figure which shows the modification of the same electrode unit, Comprising: It is the perspective view which partly distorted.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a thin film solar cell 100 manufactured by the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
- a thin film solar cell 100 includes a substrate W (for example, a glass substrate) constituting the surface thereof; an upper electrode 101 made of a transparent conductive film provided on the substrate W; and made of amorphous silicon.
- the thin film solar cell 100 is an amorphous silicon / microcrystal silicon tandem solar cell. In the thin film solar cell 100 having such a tandem structure, short wavelength light is absorbed by the top cell 102 and long wavelength light is absorbed by the bottom cell 104, thereby improving power generation efficiency.
- the top cell 102 has a three-layer structure of a p layer (102p), an i layer (102i), and an n layer (102n), and each is formed of amorphous silicon.
- the bottom cell 104 has a three-layer structure of a p layer (104p), an i layer (104i), and an n layer (104n), each of which is made of microcrystalline silicon.
- the thin film solar cell 100 having such a configuration, when energetic particles called photons contained in sunlight hit the i layer, electrons and holes are generated by the photovoltaic effect, and the electrons go to the n layer. And the holes move toward the p-layer. By extracting electrons / holes generated by the photovoltaic effect from the upper electrode 101 and the back electrode 106, light energy can be converted into electric energy.
- the intermediate electrode 103 By providing the intermediate electrode 103 between the top cell 102 and the bottom cell 104, part of the light that passes through the top cell 102 and reaches the bottom cell 104 is reflected by the intermediate electrode 103 and is incident on the top cell 102 side again. . Therefore, the sensitivity characteristic of the cell is improved, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
- the sunlight incident from the substrate W side is reflected by the back electrode 106 after passing through each layer.
- a texture structure for the purpose of a prism effect for extending the optical path of sunlight incident on the upper electrode 101 and a light confinement effect is adopted in order to improve the conversion efficiency of light energy. ing.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 includes a film formation chamber 11 in which a bottom cell 104 (semiconductor layer) made of microcrystalline silicon can be formed simultaneously on a plurality of substrates W;
- a loading / unloading chamber 13 capable of simultaneously accommodating a pre-deposition substrate W1 (substrate W) carried into the film chamber 11 and a post-deposition substrate W2 (substrate W) unloaded from the deposition chamber 11;
- a substrate removal chamber 15 for detaching the substrate W1 before film treatment and the substrate W2 after film formation from the carrier (transport section) 21 (see FIG.
- a substrate removal robot 17 for detaching the substrate W from the carrier 21; And a substrate storage cassette 19 for storing W for transport to another processing chamber.
- four substrate film forming lines 16 each including a film forming chamber 11, a preparation / removal chamber 13, and a substrate desorption chamber 15 are provided.
- the substrate removal robot 17 can move on a rail 18 laid on the floor surface. As a result, the transfer of the substrate W to all the substrate film forming lines 16 can be performed by a single substrate removal robot 17.
- the film forming chamber 11 and the loading / unloading chamber 13 are integrated to form a substrate film forming module 14, which has a size that can be loaded on a truck.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic configuration diagrams of the film forming chamber.
- 3A is a perspective view
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view when viewed from an angle different from FIG. 3A
- FIG. 3C is a side view.
- the film forming chamber 11 is formed in a box shape.
- Each of the carrier carry-in / out ports 24 is provided with a shutter 25 for opening and closing the carrier carry-in / out port 24.
- the carrier carry-in / out port 24 is sealed while ensuring airtightness.
- Three electrode units 31 for forming a film on the substrate W are attached to the second side surface 27 facing the first side surface 23. These electrode units 31 are detachable from the film forming chamber 11.
- a vacuum pump 30 for evacuating the space in the film forming chamber 11 is connected to the lower portion 28 of the third side surface of the film forming chamber 11 via an exhaust pipe 29 (see FIG. 3C. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3). (Not shown in 3B).
- FIG. 4A to 4D are schematic configuration diagrams of the electrode unit 31.
- FIG. 4A is a perspective view
- FIG. 4B is a perspective view when viewed from an angle different from FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 4C is a perspective view showing a modification of the electrode unit 31.
- FIG. 4D is a partial cross-sectional view of the cathode unit and the anode (counter electrode).
- the electrode unit 31 can be attached to and detached from three openings 26 formed on the second side surface 27 of the film forming chamber 11 (see FIG. 3B).
- the electrode unit 31 is provided with one wheel 61 at each of the four corners of the lower part (bottom plate part 62), and is movable on the floor surface.
- the bottom plate portion 62 with the wheels 61 may be a carriage 62A that can be separated from and connected to the side plate portion 63 to which the cathode unit 68, the anode unit 90, and the like are attached.
- the carriage 62A is separated from the side plate portion 63 to which the cathode unit 68, the anode unit 90, etc. are attached, and the other electrode unit 31 is used as a common carriage 62A. Can be used for moving.
- the side plate portion 63 of the electrode unit 31 forms part of the wall surface of the film forming chamber 11.
- An anode 67 and a cathode unit 68 disposed on both surfaces of the substrate W during the film forming process are provided on one surface 65 of the side plate portion 63 (a surface facing the inside of the film forming chamber 11).
- the electrode unit 31 of the present embodiment includes a pair of anodes 67 that are spaced apart on both sides of the cathode unit 68 therebetween. Then, two substrates W can be formed simultaneously with one electrode unit 31. Each substrate W at the time of film formation is disposed on both sides of the cathode unit 68 so as to face each other substantially parallel to the vertical direction.
- the two anodes 67 are arranged on the outer side in the thickness direction of each substrate W so as to face each substrate W.
- a driving mechanism (driving unit) 71 for driving the anode 67 and a matching box 72 for supplying power to the cathode unit 68 when performing film formation are attached to the other surface 69 of the side plate portion 63. It has been. Further, a connecting portion (not shown) for piping for supplying a film forming gas to the cathode unit 68 is formed on the side plate portion 63.
- the two (a pair) anodes 67 incorporate a heater H as a temperature control unit for adjusting the temperature of the substrate W. These two anodes 67 and the heater H constitute an anode unit 90.
- the two anodes 67 and 67 can be moved in a direction (horizontal direction) approaching and separating from each other by a drive mechanism 71 provided on the side plate portion 63, and the separation between the substrate W and the cathode unit 68. The distance can be controlled. Specifically, before the deposition of the substrate W, the two anodes 67 and 67 move toward the cathode unit 68 and come into contact with the substrate W.
- the two anodes 67 and 67 move in a direction approaching the cathode unit 68, and the separation distance between the substrate W and the cathode unit 68 is adjusted to a desired distance. Thereafter, film formation is performed, and after the film formation is completed, the anodes 67 and 67 are moved away from each other, the anode 67 and the substrate W are separated from each other, and the substrate W can be easily taken out from the electrode unit 31. Can do. Further, the anode 67 is attached to the drive mechanism 71 via a hinge (not shown).
- the surface 67A of the anode 67 facing the cathode unit 68 is opened and closed until it is substantially parallel to the one surface 65 of the side plate portion 63. I can move. That is, the anode 67 can be rotated by approximately 90 ° in plan view (see FIG. 4A).
- the cathode unit 68 includes a shower plate (cathode) 75, a cathode intermediate member 76, an exhaust duct 79, and a floating capacitance body 82.
- the cathode unit 68 is provided with a pair of shower plates 75 each having a plurality of small holes (not shown) formed on the surface facing each anode 67, and the film forming gas is directed toward the substrate W from the small holes. Erupted.
- the shower plates 75 and 75 form a cathode (high frequency electrode) electrically connected to the matching box 72.
- a cathode intermediate member 76 that is electrically connected to the matching box 72 is provided between the two shower plates 75 and 75. That is, the shower plate 75 is disposed on both side surfaces of the cathode intermediate member 76 in a state of being electrically connected to the cathode intermediate member 76.
- the cathode intermediate member 76 and the shower plate (cathode) 75 are formed of a conductor.
- the high frequency is applied to the shower plate (cathode) 75 through the cathode intermediate member 76. For this reason, the voltages applied to the two shower plates 75 and 75 for generating plasma have the same potential and the same phase.
- the cathode intermediate member 76 is electrically connected to the matching box 72 by a wiring (not shown).
- a space 77 is formed between the cathode intermediate member 76 and the shower plate 75.
- a film forming gas is introduced into the space 77 from a gas supply device (not shown).
- the pair of space portions 77 are separated by a cathode intermediate member 76 interposed therebetween, and are formed separately corresponding to each shower plate 75, 75. Therefore, the type and amount of gas released from each shower plate 75, 75 can be controlled independently. That is, the space 77 has a role of a gas supply path.
- each of the space portions 77 is formed separately corresponding to each of the shower plates 75 and 75, so the cathode unit 68 has two gas supply paths. .
- a hollow exhaust duct 79 is provided around the entire periphery of the cathode unit 68.
- the exhaust duct 79 is formed with an exhaust port 80 through which the film forming gas and reaction by-product (powder) in the film forming space 81 are introduced into the exhaust duct 79 and exhausted.
- an exhaust port 80 is formed facing a film formation space 81 formed between the substrate W and the shower plate 75 when film formation is performed.
- a plurality of the exhaust ports 80 are formed along the peripheral edge of the cathode unit 68, and are configured to be able to exhaust substantially uniformly over the entire periphery.
- An opening ⁇ (not shown) is formed in a surface facing the film forming chamber 11 in the exhaust duct 79 disposed in the lower part of the cathode unit 68.
- the film forming gas exhausted from the film forming space 81 is discharged into the film forming chamber 11 through the opening ⁇ .
- the gas discharged into the film forming chamber 11 is exhausted to the outside through an exhaust pipe 29 provided in the lower side surface 28 of the film forming chamber 11 (see FIG. 3C).
- a stray capacitance body 82 having a dielectric and / or a laminated space of the dielectric is provided.
- the exhaust duct 79 is connected to the ground potential.
- the exhaust duct 79 also functions as a shield frame for preventing abnormal discharge from the cathode 75 and the cathode intermediate member 76.
- a pair of masks 78 are provided on the peripheral edge of the cathode unit 68 so as to cover a portion from the outer periphery of the exhaust duct 79 to the outer periphery of the shower plate (cathode) 75.
- These masks 78 cover a sandwiching piece 59A (see FIGS. 9 and 21) of a sandwiching portion 59, which will be described later, provided on the carrier 21, and are formed integrally with the sandwiching piece 59A when forming a film.
- a gas flow path (exhaust passage) R for guiding the film forming gas and reaction by-products (powder) in 81 to the exhaust duct 79 is formed. That is, the gas flow path R is formed between the mask 78 and the shower plate 75 covering the carrier 21 (the sandwiching piece 59A) and between the mask 78 and the stray capacitance body 82.
- a plurality of moving rails 37 are provided between the film forming chambers 11 and 11 so that the carrier 21 can move between the film forming chamber 11 and the loading / unloading chamber 13 and between the loading / unloading chamber 13 and the substrate removal chamber 15. It is laid between the substrate removal chambers 15 (see FIG. 2).
- the moving rail 37 is separated between the film forming chamber 11 and the loading / unloading chamber 13, and the carrier carry-in / out port 24 is sealed by closing the shutter 25.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic perspective views of the preparation / removal chamber 13.
- 5A is a perspective view
- FIG. 5B is a perspective view when viewed from an angle different from FIG. 5A.
- the preparation / removal chamber 13 is formed in a box shape.
- the first side surface 33 is connected to the first side surface 23 of the film forming chamber 11 while ensuring airtightness.
- the first side surface 33 is formed with an opening 32 through which the three carriers 21 can be inserted.
- the second side surface 34 facing the first side surface 33 is connected to the substrate desorption chamber 15.
- the second side surface 34 is formed with three carrier carry-in / out ports 35 through which the carrier 21 on which the substrate W is mounted can pass.
- the carrier carry-in / out port 35 is provided with a shutter 36 that can ensure airtightness.
- Each moving rail 37 is separated between the preparation / extraction chamber 13 and the substrate removal chamber 15, and the carrier carry-in / out port 35 is sealed by closing the shutter 36.
- the preparation / removal chamber 13 is provided with a push-pull mechanism 38 for moving the carrier 21 between the film formation chamber 11 and the preparation / removal chamber 13 along the moving rail 37.
- the push-pull mechanism 38 includes a locking portion 48 for locking the carrier 21; a pair of guides provided at both ends of the locking portion 48 and arranged substantially parallel to the moving rail 37. A member 49; and a moving device 50 for moving the locking portion 48 along both guide members 49.
- a movement mechanism (not shown) is provided in the preparation / removal chamber 13 for simultaneously accommodating the pre-deposition substrate W1 and the post-deposition substrate W2.
- This moving mechanism moves the carrier 21 by a predetermined distance in a direction substantially orthogonal to the laying direction of the moving rail 37 in plan view.
- a vacuum pump 43 for evacuating the inside of the preparation / removal chamber 13 is connected to the lower portion 41 of the third side surface of the preparation / removal chamber 13 via an exhaust pipe 42 (see FIG. 5B).
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic configuration diagrams of the substrate desorption chamber.
- 7A is a perspective view
- FIG. 7B is a front view.
- the substrate desorption chamber 15 is formed of a frame-like body and connected to the second side surface 34 of the preparation / removal chamber 13.
- the attachment of the substrate W1 before the film formation process and the removal of the substrate W2 after the film formation process are performed on the carrier 21 arranged on the moving rail 37.
- three carriers 21 can be arranged in parallel.
- the substrate removal robot 17 has a drive arm 45.
- the drive arm 45 can suck the substrate W at its tip. Further, the drive arm 45 can move between the carrier 21 disposed in the substrate removal chamber 15 and the substrate storage cassette 19.
- the drive arm 45 takes out the pre-deposition substrate W1 from the substrate storage cassette 19, and The substrate W1 before film formation can be attached to the carrier 21 disposed in the substrate desorption chamber 15.
- the drive arm 45 can also remove the pre-deposition substrate W2 from the carrier 21 that has returned to the substrate removal chamber 15 and transport it to the substrate storage cassette 19.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the substrate storage cassette 19.
- the substrate storage cassette 19 is formed in a box shape and has a size capable of storing a plurality of substrates W.
- a plurality of substrates W can be stacked and stored in the vertical direction with the film formation surface horizontal.
- casters 47 are provided at the four corners below the substrate storage cassette 19 so that they can be easily moved to another processing apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a carrier for transporting the substrate W.
- the carrier 21 includes two frame-shaped frames 51 to which the substrate W can be attached. That is, two substrates W can be attached to one carrier 21.
- the two frames 51 and 51 are connected by a connecting member 52 at the upper part thereof.
- a plurality of wheels 53 placed on the moving rail 37 are provided on the upper surface of the connecting member 52. These wheels 53 roll on the moving rail 37 so that the carrier 21 can move along the moving rail 37.
- a frame holder 54 is provided below the frame 51 for suppressing the shaking of the substrate W when the carrier 21 moves.
- the lower end of the frame holder 54 is fitted to a rail member 55 having a concave cross section provided on the bottom surface of each chamber.
- the rail member 55 is arranged along the moving rail 37 when viewed in plan. If the frame holder 54 is composed of a plurality of rollers, more stable conveyance is possible.
- Each frame 51 has a peripheral portion 57 and a sandwiching portion 59.
- the film formation surface of the substrate W is exposed to the opening 56 formed in the frame 51.
- the clamping part 59 clamps and fixes the board
- An urging force is applied to the holding portion 59 holding the substrate W by a spring or the like.
- the sandwiching portion 59 has sandwiching pieces 59 ⁇ / b> A and 59 ⁇ / b> B that abut on the front surface WO (film formation surface) and the back surface WU (back surface) of the substrate W, respectively.
- the distance between the sandwiching piece 59A and the sandwiching piece 59B can be varied via the spring or the like. That is, the separation distance can be varied along the direction in which the sandwiching piece 59A approaches and separates from the sandwiching piece 59B according to the movement of the anode 67 (details will be described later).
- one carrier 21 one carrier 21 capable of holding a pair (two) of substrates W
- the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 of this embodiment four sets of the substrate film forming lines 16 described above are arranged, and three carriers 21 are accommodated in one film forming chamber 11, so that 24 substrates W are omitted. A film can be formed simultaneously.
- the drive arm 45 of the substrate removal robot 17 is moved to take out one pre-deposition substrate W ⁇ b> 1 from the substrate storage cassette 19 and attach it to the carrier 21 in the substrate removal chamber 15.
- the orientation of the pre-deposition substrate W1 disposed in the horizontal direction on the substrate accommodating cassette 19 is changed to the vertical direction and attached to the carrier 21.
- This operation is repeated once, and two substrates W1 before film formation are attached to one carrier 21.
- this operation is repeated to attach the pre-deposition substrate W1 to the remaining two carriers 21 in the substrate removal chamber 15 respectively. That is, six substrates W1 before film formation are attached at this stage.
- the three carriers 21 to which the pre-deposition substrate W 1 is attached are moved substantially simultaneously along the respective moving rails 37 and accommodated in the preparation / removal chamber 13.
- the shutter 36 of the carrier carry-in / out port 35 of the preparation / removal chamber 13 is closed.
- the inside of the preparation / removal chamber 13 is kept in a vacuum state using the vacuum pump 43.
- the three carriers 21 are respectively moved by a predetermined distance in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which each moving rail 37 is laid in a plan view.
- the shutter 25 of the film forming chamber 11 is opened, and the carrier 21 ⁇ / b> A to which the post-deposition substrate W ⁇ b> 2 that has been formed in the film forming chamber 11 is attached is loaded and taken out. 13 is moved using a push-pull mechanism 38.
- the carrier 21 holding the pre-film formation substrate W1 and the carrier 21A holding the post-film formation substrate W2 are alternately arranged in parallel. Then, by maintaining this state for a predetermined time, the heat stored in the substrate W2 after the film formation process is transferred to the substrate W1 before the film formation process. That is, the substrate W1 before film formation is heated.
- the movement of the push-pull mechanism 38 will be described.
- the movement when the carrier 21A in the film forming chamber 11 is moved into the preparation / removal chamber 13 will be described.
- the carrier 21A to which the post-deposition substrate W2 is attached is locked to the locking portion 48 of the push-pull mechanism 38.
- the moving arm 58 of the moving device 50 attached to the locking portion 48 is swung.
- the length of the moving arm 58 is variable.
- the locking portion 48 that locks the carrier 21A moves while being guided by the guide member 49, and the carrier 21A moves from the film formation chamber 11 into the preparation / removal chamber 13 as shown in FIG. 15B.
- the carrier 21 and the carrier 21 ⁇ / b> A are moved in a direction orthogonal to the moving rail 37 by the moving mechanism, and the carrier 21 holding the substrate W ⁇ b> 1 before film formation is moved to each moving rail 37. Move to position.
- each carrier 21 holding the pre-deposition substrate W1 is moved into the film formation chamber 11 using the push-pull mechanism 38, and the shutter 25 is closed after the movement is completed.
- a vacuum state is maintained in the film forming chamber 11.
- the pre-deposition processing substrate W1 attached to each carrier 21 moves along the surface direction thereof, and the deposition processing is performed between the anode 67 and the cathode unit 68 in the deposition chamber 11.
- the front surface W1 of the front substrate W1 is inserted so as to be substantially parallel to the vertical direction (see FIG. 18).
- the two anodes 67 are moved toward each other by the drive mechanism 71 so that the anodes 67 are brought into contact with the back surface WU of the substrate W1 before film formation. Make contact.
- the pre-deposition substrate W1 moves toward the cathode unit 68 so as to be pushed by the anode 67. Further, the pre-deposition substrate W1 is moved until the gap between the pre-deposition substrate W1 and the shower plate 75 of the cathode unit 68 reaches a predetermined distance (deposition distance).
- the gap (deposition distance) between the pre-deposition substrate W1 and the shower plate 75 of the cathode unit 68 is in the range of 5 to 15 mm, and is preferably about 5 mm, for example.
- the holding piece 59A of the holding portion 59 of the carrier 21 that is in contact with the surface WO side of the substrate W1 before the film formation process moves along with the movement of the substrate W1 before the film formation process (movement of the anode 67). Displacement in a direction away from 59B.
- the substrate W1 before film formation is sandwiched between the anode 67 and the sandwiching piece 59A.
- a restoring force such as a spring (not shown) acts on the sandwiching piece 59A, so that the sandwiching piece 59A is displaced toward the sandwiching piece 59B.
- the mask 78 is formed to cover the outer edge portion of the substrate W and to be in close contact with the outer edge portion of the substrate W.
- the film formation space 81 is formed by the mask 78, the shower plate 75 of the cathode unit 68, and the substrate W1 (substrate W) before film formation processing. That is, when the mask 78 and the substrate W come into contact with each other, the film formation space 81 and the space in the chamber in which the carrier 21 and the transfer device exist are separated.
- the mating surface (contact surface) between the mask 78 and the substrate W is configured as a seal portion 86 so that the film forming gas does not leak between the mask 78 and the substrate W.
- the range in which the film forming gas spreads is limited, and it is possible to suppress the unnecessary range from being formed.
- the cleaning range can be narrowed and the cleaning frequency can be reduced, the operating rate of the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 is improved.
- the gap between the mask 78 and the shower plate 75 and the gap between the mask 78 and the stray capacitance body 82 that is, the channel dimension in the thickness direction of the gas channel R, the pre-deposition substrate W1 and the cathode unit 68. Is set to be a predetermined distance.
- the distance between the substrate W and the shower plate (cathode) 75 can be arbitrarily changed by the stroke of the drive mechanism 71 by attaching the mask 78 to the exhaust duct 79 via an elastic body.
- the mask 78 and the substrate W are in contact with each other.
- the mask 78 and the substrate W may be arranged so as to leave a minute space that restricts the passage of the film forming gas. .
- the film forming gas is ejected from the shower plate 75 of the cathode unit 68 and the matching box 72 is activated to apply a voltage to the cathode 76 of the cathode unit 68.
- plasma is generated in the film formation space 81, and film formation is performed on the surface WO of the substrate W1 before film formation.
- the substrate W1 before film formation processing is heated to a desired temperature by a heater H (for example, a heating wire or a constant temperature liquid channel) built in the anode 67.
- a heater H for example, a heating wire or a constant temperature liquid channel
- the anode 67 stops heating when the pre-deposition substrate W1 reaches a desired temperature.
- a voltage is applied to the shower plate (cathode) 75 and a plasma is generated in the film formation space 81, the heating of the anode 67 is stopped by heat input from the plasma as time passes.
- the temperature of the substrate W1 before the film forming process may be higher than a desired temperature.
- the anode 67 can also function as a heat sink for cooling the pre-deposition substrate W1 whose temperature has increased excessively. Therefore, the substrate W1 before the film formation process is adjusted to a desired temperature regardless of the elapsed time of the film formation process time.
- the film forming gas material to be supplied can be switched every predetermined time.
- gas and reaction by-products (powder) in the film formation space 81 pass through the gas flow path R to the exhaust duct 79 from the exhaust port 80 formed at the peripheral edge of the cathode unit 68. And flows in.
- the gas that has flowed into the exhaust duct 79 passes through the opening ⁇ of the exhaust duct 79 disposed at the lower portion of the cathode unit 68, and goes to the outside from the exhaust pipe 29 provided at the lower side surface 28 of the film forming chamber 11. And exhausted.
- reaction by-products (powder) generated during film formation can be collected and disposed by adhering and depositing on the inner wall surface of the exhaust duct 79. Since all the electrode units 31 in the film forming chamber 11 perform the same process as described above, the film forming process can be simultaneously performed on all the six substrates.
- the two anodes 67 are moved away from each other by the drive mechanism 71, and the substrate W2 and the frame 51 (the sandwiching piece 59A) after the film forming process are returned to their original positions (FIG. 19). reference). That is, when the film formation is completed and the carrier 21 is moved, the mask 78 is detached from the exposed surface 85 of the sandwiching piece 59A. Further, by moving the anode 67 in a direction away from each other, the substrate W2 after the film formation process and the anode 67 are separated from each other (see FIG. 18).
- the shutter 25 of the film formation chamber 11 is opened, and each carrier 21 is moved into the preparation / removal chamber 13 using a push-pull mechanism 38.
- the inside of the preparation / removal chamber 13 is evacuated, and the carrier 21B attached with the pre-deposition substrate W1 to be formed next is already arranged.
- the heat storage of the substrate W2 after the film formation process is transferred to the substrate W1 before the film formation process in the preparation / removal chamber 13, and the temperature of the substrate W2 after the film formation process is lowered.
- each carrier 21B is moved into the film forming chamber 11
- each carrier 21 is returned to the position of the moving rail 37 by the moving mechanism.
- the substrate W2 after each film formation process is removed from each carrier 21 by the substrate removal robot 17 and moved to the substrate accommodation cassette 19 in the substrate removal chamber 15.
- the film forming process is completed by moving the substrate storage cassette 19 to the place of the next process.
- the substrate W since the substrate W is transported using the carrier 21, the substrate W continuously moves between the film forming chamber 11, the loading / unloading chamber 13, and the substrate desorption chamber 15 for each film forming process. It is possible to improve productivity. Further, when the film is formed on the surface WO, which is the film formation surface of the substrate W, the film formation space 81 is formed by the cathode unit 68, the substrate W, and the screen 78, so that the anode 67 and the carrier 21 are formed. Exposure to the space 81 can be prevented.
- the outer edge of the substrate W is covered with the mask 78, and when the substrate W is transported, the substrate and the mask 78 are separated.
- the carrier 21 and the mask 78 simultaneously during the movement of the substrate W, it is possible to prevent the film formed on the mask 78 from peeling off and adhering to the surface WO of the substrate W. Therefore, the quality of the film formed on the surface WO of the substrate W can be improved.
- the anode 67 is moved by the drive mechanism 71, and the holding piece 59A is separated from the holding piece 59B and brought into contact with the mask 78 as the anode 67 moves. That is, the exposed surface 85 of the holding piece 59 ⁇ / b> A of the carrier 21 is covered with the mask 78 using the movement of the anode 67. For this reason, the structure of the mask 78 provided in the peripheral part of the cathode unit 68 can be simplified.
- the cathode unit 68 that is relatively difficult to move is disposed between the two substrates W, that is, in the approximate center of the film forming chamber 11.
- the anode 67 that is relatively easy to move is arranged outside the two substrates W, that is, on the side surface side of the film forming chamber 11. Then, the anode 67 can be moved by the drive mechanism 71 to control the separation distance between the substrate W and the cathode unit 68. For this reason, compared with the case where the cathode unit 68 is moved, complication of the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 can be suppressed, and the manufacturing cost of the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 can be reduced.
- the sandwiching portion 59 provided in the carrier 21 has sandwiching pieces 59A and 59B that come into contact with the front surface WO and the rear surface WU of the substrate W.
- the separation distance between the holding pieces 59A and 59B can be changed via a spring or the like, that is, the holding piece 59A can move along the direction in which the holding piece 59A approaches / separates from the holding piece 59B according to the movement of the anode 67.
- the substrate W can be easily approached and separated from the cathode unit 68 as the anode 67 moves.
- the mask 78 may be formed in a shape that can cover the sandwiching piece 59A of the carrier 21, the mask 78 can be further reduced in size and simplified.
- the film formation space 81 is formed by the holding pieces 59A covered with the mask 78, the shower plate 75 of the cathode unit 68, and the substrate W1 (substrate W) before the film formation process. It is possible to prevent the space 81 from expanding. As a result, it is not necessary to exhaust the film forming gas wastefully, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- a hollow exhaust duct 79 is provided on the peripheral edge of the cathode unit 68 over substantially the entire circumference.
- the film forming gas exhaust gas
- exhaust efficiency can be improved.
- reaction by-products (powder) generated during film formation can be easily recovered. This reaction by-product (powder) can be collected and disposed by adhering to the inner wall surface of the exhaust duct 79.
- a gas flow path R for guiding the film forming gas ejected onto the substrate W to the exhaust duct 79 is formed by the mask 78, the shower plate 75, and the floating capacitance body 82 (see FIG. 21).
- a film forming space 81 is formed by the cathode unit 68, the substrate W, and the mask 78, and reaction by-products (powder) and film forming gas are exhausted from the film forming space 81 through a gas flow path (exhaust passage) R. It is exhausted by the duct 79. Therefore, the diffusion of the film forming gas and the reaction by-product (powder) to other regions can be restricted, and contamination outside the film forming space 81 in the film forming chamber 11 can be reduced.
- the two anodes 67 are moved in a direction approaching each other by the drive mechanism 71, and the anode 67 and the back surface WU of the substrate W1 before film formation are brought into contact with each other. Further, the pre-deposition substrate W1 is moved toward the cathode unit 68 so that the driving mechanism 71 is driven and pushed by the anode 67.
- the anode 67 has a built-in heater H, and the anode 67 and the heater H constitute an anode unit 90. For this reason, since there is no interposition between the anode 67 and the substrate W during film formation, the substrate W can be efficiently heated. Moreover, since it becomes unnecessary to provide the heater H separately, the thin film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 can be reduced in size.
- the shower plates 75 and 75 are cathodes (high frequency electrodes) connected to the matching box 72. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the cathode and the shower plate 75 separately, and the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10 can be simplified and reduced in cost. Further, by using the cathode as the shower plate 75, the film forming gas can be uniformly introduced into the film forming region (in the film forming space 81), and a high frequency voltage can be uniformly applied to the film forming region. Therefore, the plasma becomes more uniform. Furthermore, when the mask 78 and the substrate W are in contact with each other, the film formation space 81 is separated from the space in the chamber where the carrier and the transfer device exist.
- the mating surface (contact surface) between the mask 78 and the substrate W is configured as a seal portion 86 so that the film forming gas does not leak between the mask 78 and the substrate W.
- the range in which the deposition gas spreads is limited, and formation of a film on the unnecessary range, that is, the outer edge of the anode 67 or the substrate W can be prevented.
- the mask 78 can be separated from the film forming chamber 11 integrally with the electrode unit 31, the mask 78 can be easily cleaned. As a result, it is possible to improve the operating rate of the thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus 10.
- the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes those in which various modifications are made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention. That is, the specific shapes, configurations, and the like given in the embodiments are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the substrate W is disposed opposite to both sides of the cathode unit 68 in a state substantially parallel to the vertical direction, and the two anodes 67 are arranged on the outer side in the thickness direction of each substrate W.
- the mask 78 is provided on the cathode unit 68 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the substrates W are respectively disposed on both sides of the anode unit 90 having the anode 67, and a pair of cathode units 68 are disposed outside the substrates W. May be provided.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年6月6日に、日本に出願された特願2008-149935号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この薄膜太陽電池の薄膜Si層(半導体層)の成膜には、プラズマCVD装置を用いることが多い。この種のプラズマCVD装置としては、枚葉式PE-CVD(プラズマCVD)装置、インライン型PE-CVD装置、バッチ式PE-CVD装置などが存在する。
基板の成膜面に膜を成形する際、成膜室には基板と共にキャリアも出し入れされることになる。このため、キャリア全体が成膜室内で露呈した状態となるので、基板の成膜面に加え、キャリアにも膜が形成されてしまう。
(1)本発明の薄膜太陽電池製造装置は、基板の成膜面にCVD法により膜を形成する成膜室と;電圧が印加されるカソードが両側に配置されたカソードユニットと、前記各カソードのそれぞれに対向かつ離間距離を置いて配置された一対のアノードと、を有する電極ユニットと;前記基板の周縁部を覆うマスクと;前記カソードユニットの周囲に設置された排気ダクトと;を備え、前記カソードユニットと、前記アノード側に設置された前記基板との間に成膜空間が形成され;前記マスクと前記カソードユニットとの間に排気通路が形成され;前記排気ダクトと前記成膜空間とが前記排気通路を介して接続され;前記成膜空間に導入された成膜ガスが、前記排気通路を通って前記排気ダクトから排気される。
また、カソードユニットの周囲に排気ダクトを設置するので、基板の周囲から成膜ガス(排ガス)を排気することができる。このため、排気効率を向上させることが可能になる。
さらに、排気ダクトを用いて排気させることで、例えば、基板の被成膜面に膜を形成する際に発生した反応副生成物(パウダー)なども容易に回収することができる。この場合、排気ダクトの内壁に反応副生成物(パウダー)を付着・堆積させることで、反応副生成物(パウダー)を含まない比較的クリーンな成膜ガスを排気させることが可能になる。また、排気ダクトをクリーニングする時に、反応副生成物(パウダー)をまとめてクリーニングすることができる。そして、排気ダクトはマスクとカソードユニットとの間に形成された排気通路で成膜空間と接続され、この排気通路を通って成膜ガスが排気ダクトから排気される。カソードユニットと基板により成膜空間が形成され、反応副生成物(パウダー)および成膜ガスが、成膜空間から排気通路を介して排気ダクトにより排気されるので、他の領域への成膜ガスや反応副生成物(パウダー)の拡散を制限でき、成膜室内の成膜空間以外での汚れを低減できる。
上記(2)の場合、カソードとシャワープレートとを別個に設ける必要がなくなり、薄膜太陽電池製造装置の簡素化、低コスト化を図ることが可能になる。また、カソードをシャワープレートとすることにより、成膜ガスが成膜領域(成膜空間)に均一に導入されると共に、成膜領域に高周波電圧を均一に印加することができる。そのため、プラズマがより均一になり、形成される膜の品質の向上が図れる。
さらに、アノードを、カソード方向に移動することにより、マスクが基板の周縁部を覆い、これにより、基板の周縁部に膜が形成されるのを防止している。このため、マスクを大掛かりな構成とすることなく、低コストで確実に基板の周縁部の膜の形成を防止できる。
また、マスクが基板の周縁部を覆うことにより、後述する基板の搬送部(キャリア)やアノードが存在する領域に成膜ガスが広がることを制限することができる。
また、基板の成膜面に膜を形成する際、マスクが第一挟持片を被覆し、かつ搬送部側に成膜ガスが広がるのを制限するので、搬送部に膜や反応副生成物が付着することを低減することができる。このため、搬送部のクリーニング頻度を減少させることができる。また、例えば、搬送部に形成される膜が剥がれ落ちて基板の成膜面に付着するのを防止できる。このため、基板の成膜面に形成される膜の品質を向上させることができる。
上記(5)の場合、必要以上に成膜空間が拡大してしまうのを防止できる。この結果、無駄に成膜ガスを排出する必要が無くなり、製造コストの低減化を図ることが可能になる。
また、成膜ガスが広がる範囲が制限され、不要な範囲、つまり、基板の外縁部やアノードへの膜の形成を防止できる。さらに、マスクが電極ユニットと一体で成膜室から分離できるので、マスクのクリーニングが容易になる。その結果、薄膜太陽電池製造装置の稼働率を向上させることが可能になる。
上記(6)の場合、基板の温度を効率よく制御することが可能になる。また、温度制御部をアノードとは別に設ける必要がなくなるので、薄膜太陽電池製造装置の小型化を図ることができる。
また、排気ダクトを用いて排気させることで、例えば、基板の成膜面に膜を形成する際に発生した反応副生成物(パウダー)なども、容易に回収することができる。この場合、排気ダクトの内壁に反応副生成物(パウダー)を付着・堆積させることで、反応副生成物(パウダー)を含まない比較的クリーンな成膜ガスを排気させることが可能になる。さらに、基板の成膜面に膜を形成する際、マスクが第一挟持片を被覆し、かつ搬送部側に成膜ガスが広がるのを制限するので、搬送部に膜や反応副生成物が付着することを低減できる。このため、搬送部のクリーニング頻度を減少させることができる。また、搬送部に形成される膜が剥がれ落ちて基板の成膜面に付着するのを防止できる。このため、基板の成膜面に形成される膜の品質を向上させることができる。
(薄膜太陽電池)
図1は、本発明の薄膜太陽電池製造装置で製造される薄膜太陽電池100の一例を、模式的に示した断面図である。図1に示すように、薄膜太陽電池100は、その表面を構成する基板W(例えばガラス基板など)と;この基板W上に設けられた透明導電膜からなる上部電極101と;アモルファスシリコンからなるトップセル102と;このトップセル102と後述するボトムセル104との間に設けられた透明導電膜からなる中間電極103と;マイクロクリスタルシリコンからなるボトムセル104と;透明導電膜からなるバッファ層105と;金属膜からなる裏面電極106と;が積層して構成されている。つまり、薄膜太陽電池100は、アモルファスシリコン/マイクロクリスタルシリコンタンデム型太陽電池である。このようなタンデム構造の薄膜太陽電池100では、短波長光をトップセル102で吸収するとともに、長波長光をボトムセル104で吸収することで、発電効率の向上を図ることができる。
図2は、本発明の一実施形態に係る薄膜太陽電池製造装置の概略平面図である。図2に示すように、この薄膜太陽電池製造装置10は、複数の基板Wに対してマイクロクリスタルシリコンで構成されたボトムセル104(半導体層)を同時に成膜可能な成膜室11と;この成膜室11に搬入される成膜処理前基板W1(基板W)、及び成膜室11から搬出された成膜処理後基板W2(基板W)を同時に収容可能な仕込・取出室13と;成膜処理前基板W1および成膜処理後基板W2をキャリア(搬送部)21(図9参照)に脱着する基板脱着室15と;基板Wをキャリア21から脱着するための基板脱着ロボット17と;基板Wを別の処理室との搬送のために収容する基板収容カセット19と;を備えている。本実施形態では、成膜室11、仕込・取出室13および基板脱着室15で構成される基板成膜ライン16が、4つ設けられている。基板脱着ロボット17は、床面に敷設されたレール18上を移動できるようになっている。これにより、全ての基板成膜ライン16への基板Wの受け渡しを、1台の基板脱着ロボット17で行えるようになっている。さらに、成膜室11と仕込・取出室13とが一体化して基板成膜モジュール14を構成しており、トラックに積載可能な大きさを有している。
これら図3Aに~図3C示すように、成膜室11は、箱型に形成されている。成膜室11の、仕込・取出室13と接続される第一側面23には、基板Wが搭載されたキャリア21が通過可能なキャリア搬出入口24が、3箇所形成されている。これらキャリア搬出入口24には、これらキャリア搬出入口24を開閉するシャッタ25がそれぞれ設けられている。シャッタ25を閉じた場合、キャリア搬出入口24は気密性を確保して封止される。第一側面23と対向する第二側面27には、基板Wに成膜を施すための電極ユニット31が3基取り付けられている。これら電極ユニット31は、成膜室11から着脱可能である。成膜室11の第三側面下部28には、成膜室11内の空間を真空排気するための真空ポンプ30が、排気管29を介して接続されている(図3C参照。図3A及び図3Bでは図示略)。
電極ユニット31は、成膜室11の第二側面27に形成された3箇所の開口部26に着脱可能である(図3B参照)。電極ユニット31は、下部(底板部62)の四隅に車輪61が1つずつ設けられており、床面上を移動可能である。車輪61が取り付けられた底板部62上には、側板部63が鉛直方向に沿って立設されている。この側板部63は、成膜室11の第二側面27の開口部26を閉塞できる大きさを有している。
図4Cの変形例に示すように、車輪61付きの底板部62は、カソードユニット68やアノードユニット90等が取り付けられた側板部63と分離・接続可能な台車62Aとしてもよい。この場合、電極ユニット31を成膜室11に接続した後に、カソードユニット68やアノードユニット90等が取り付けられた側板部63から台車62Aを分離し、共通の台車62Aとして、他の電極ユニット31の移動に使用できる。
さらに、アノード67は、駆動機構71にヒンジ(不図示)を介して取りつけられている。これにより、電極ユニット31を成膜室11から引き抜いた状態で、アノード67のカソードユニット68側を向いた面67Aが、側板部63の一方の面65と略平行になるまで開閉するように回動できる。つまり、アノード67は平面視において略90°回動できるようになっている(図4A参照)。
カソードユニット68には、各アノード67と対向する面にそれぞれ小孔(不図示)が複数形成された一対のシャワープレート75が配置されており、この小孔から成膜ガスが基板Wに向かって噴出される。このシャワープレート75,75は、前記マッチングボックス72と電気的に接続されたカソード(高周波電極)をなしている。2枚のシャワープレート75,75の間には、マッチングボックス72と電気的に接続されたカソード中間部材76が設けられている。すなわち、シャワープレート75は、カソード中間部材76の両側面に、このカソード中間部材76と電気的に接続された状態で配置されている。
カソード中間部材76は、図示しない配線によって前記マッチングボックス72と電気的に接続されている。カソード中間部材76とシャワープレート75との間には、空間部77が形成されている。そして、ガス供給装置(不図示)より、この空間部77に成膜ガスが導入されるようになっている。一対の空間部77は、これらの間に介在するカソード中間部材76で分離され、それぞれのシャワープレート75、75毎に対応して別々に形成されている。そのため、各シャワープレート75、75から放出されるガスの種類や放出量を独立して制御できる。すなわち、空間部77は、ガス供給路の役割を有している。本実施形態にあっては、各空間部77のそれぞれが、シャワープレート75、75毎に対応して別々に形成されているので、カソードユニット68は、2系統のガス供給路を有している。
カソードユニット68の下部に配された排気ダクト79には、成膜室11へ向いた面に開口部α(不図示)が形成されている。この開口部αによって、成膜空間81から排気された成膜ガスなどが、成膜室11内へ排出される。成膜室11内へ排出されたガスは、成膜室11の側面下部28に設けられた排気管29より外部へ排気される(図3C参照)。
排気ダクト79とカソード中間部材76の間には、誘電体および/もしくはこの誘電体の積層空間を有する浮遊容量体82が設けられている。
排気ダクト79は、接地電位に接続されている。排気ダクト79は、カソード75およびカソード中間部材76からの異常放電を防止するためのシールド枠としても機能する。
仕込・取出室13の第三側面下部41には、仕込・取出室13内を真空排気するための真空ポンプ43が、排気管42を介して接続されている(図5B参照)。
次に、本実施形態の薄膜太陽電池製造装置10を用いて、基板Wに成膜する方法を説明する。この説明においては、一組の基板成膜ライン16の図面を用いるが、他の三組の基板成膜ライン16も略同一の流れで基板Wを成膜する。
まず、図10に示すように、成膜処理前基板W1を複数枚収容した基板収容カセット19を所定の位置に配置する。
さらにこの動作を繰り返して、基板脱着室15内の残り二つのキャリア21にも、成膜処理前基板W1をそれぞれ取り付ける。つまり、この段階で成膜処理前基板W1を6枚取り付ける。
図15Aに示すように、プッシュ-プル機構38の係止部48に対し、成膜処理後基板W2が取り付けられたキャリア21Aを係止させる。そして、係止部48に取り付けられている移動装置50の移動アーム58を揺動させる。この時、移動アーム58の長さは可変する。すると、キャリア21Aを係止した係止部48が、ガイド部材49に案内されながら移動し、図15Bに示すように、キャリア21Aが成膜室11から仕込・取出室13内へと移動する。このように構成することで、キャリア21Aを駆動させるための駆動源を成膜室11内に設けることが不要になる。
図21に示すように、マスク78は、基板Wの外縁部を覆うと共に、基板Wの外縁部と密接するよう形成されている。成膜空間81は、マスク78と、カソードユニット68のシャワープレート75と、成膜処理前基板W1(基板W)とにより形成される。
すなわち、マスク78と基板Wとが当接することで、成膜空間81とキャリア21や搬送装置が存在するチャンバ内の空間とが分離される。さらに、マスク78と基板Wとの合わせ面(当接面)はシール部86として構成され、これらマスク78と基板Wとの間から成膜ガスが漏れないようになっている。これにより、成膜ガスが広がる範囲が制限され、不要な範囲が成膜されることを抑制できる。その結果、クリーニング範囲を狭くすること、およびクリーニング頻度を減らすことができるので、この薄膜太陽電池製造装置10の稼働率が向上する。
別の形態として、マスク78を排気ダクト79に対して弾性体を介して取り付けることによって、基板Wとシャワープレート(カソード)75の距離を、駆動機構71のストロークによって任意に変更することもできる。上記の実施形態では、マスク78と基板Wとが当接するものとしたが、成膜ガスの通過を制限するような微少な間隔を空けるように、マスク78と基板Wとを配置させても良い。
一度の成膜処理工程で複数の層を成膜する際には、供給する成膜ガス材料を所定時間毎に切り替えることで実施できる。
成膜室11内の全ての電極ユニット31において、上述した処理と同じ処理を実行するので、6枚の基板全てに対して同時に成膜処理を施すことができる。
さらにアノード67を互いに離間する方向に移動させることで、成膜処理後基板W2とアノード67とが離間する(図18参照)。
また、基板Wの成膜面である表面WOに膜を形成する際、カソードユニット68と、基板Wと、スク78とで成膜空間81が形成されるので、アノード67やキャリア21が成膜空間81に露呈されるのを防止できる。
さらに、マスク78は、キャリア21のうちの挟持片59Aを被覆可能な形状に形成すればよいので、マスク78をさらに小型化、単純化することができる。
また、排気ダクト79を用いて排気させることで、例えば、成膜を施す際に発生した反応副生成物(パウダー)なども容易に回収できる。この反応副生成物(パウダー)は、排気ダクト79の内壁面に付着させることで回収・処分できる。このため、成膜室11の側面下部28に設けられた排気管29から外部へと排気される成膜ガスを、反応副生成物(パウダー)を含まない比較的クリーンな状態にすることが可能になる。さらに、排気ダクト79をクリーニングするときに、反応副生成物(パウダー)をまとめてクリーニングすることができる。
さらに、マスク78と基板Wとが当接することで、成膜空間81とキャリアや搬送装置が存在するチャンバ内の空間とが分離される。さらに、マスク78と基板Wとの合わせ面(当接面)はシール部86として構成され、これらマスク78と基板Wとの間から成膜ガスが漏れないようになっている。これにより成膜ガスが広がる範囲が制限され、不要な範囲、つまりアノード67や基板Wの外縁部への膜の形成を防止できる。さらに、マスク78が電極ユニット31と一体で成膜室11から分離できるので、マスク78のクリーニングが容易となる。この結果、薄膜太陽電池製造装置10の稼働率を向上させることが可能になる。
さらに、上述の実施形態では、基板Wは、鉛直方向と略並行を成すような状態でカソードユニット68の両面側にそれぞれ対向配置され、2枚のアノード67は、各基板Wの厚さ方向外側に各基板Wとそれぞれ対向して配置され、カソードユニット68にマスク78を設けた場合について説明した。しかしながら、これに限られるものではなく、アノード67を有するアノードユニット90の両面側に基板Wをそれぞれ配置し、これら基板Wの外側に一対のカソードユニット68を配設し、それぞれカソード76にマスク78を設けてもよい。
11 成膜室
21 キャリア(搬送部)
59 挟持部
59A 挟持片(第一挟持片)
59B 挟持片(第二挟持片)
67 アノード
68 カソードユニット
71 駆動機構(駆動部)
75 シャワープレート兼カソード
76 カソード中間部材
78 マスク
79 排気ダクト
80 排気口
81 成膜空間
82 浮遊容量体
85 露出面(露呈する部位)
86 シール部
102 トップセル(膜)
104 ボトムセル(膜)
H ヒータ(温度制御部)
R ガス流路(排気通路)
W 基板
W1 成膜処理前基板
W2 成膜処理後基板
WO 表面(被成膜面)
WU 裏面(背面)
Claims (6)
- 基板の成膜面にCVD法により膜を形成する成膜室と;
電圧が印加されるカソードが両側に配置されたカソードユニットと、前記各カソードのそれぞれに対向かつ離間距離を置いて配置された一対のアノードと、を有する電極ユニットと;
前記基板の周縁部を覆うマスクと;
前記カソードユニットの周囲に設置された排気ダクトと;を備え、
前記カソードユニットと、前記アノード側に設置された前記基板との間に成膜空間が形成され;
前記マスクと前記カソードユニットとの間に排気通路が形成され;
前記排気ダクトと前記成膜空間とが前記排気通路を介して接続され;
前記成膜空間に導入された成膜ガスが、前記排気通路を通って前記排気ダクトから排気される;
ことを特徴とする薄膜太陽電池製造装置。 - 前記カソードは、前記基板の前記成膜面に対して前記成膜ガスを供給するシャワープレートであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜太陽電池製造装置。
- 前記電極ユニットが、前記アノードを前記カソードに対して接近・離間させる駆動部をさらに有し;
前記駆動部により、前記基板を保持した前記アノードを、前記カソードに向かって移動させることにより、前記マスク部が前記基板の前記周縁部を覆う;
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の薄膜太陽電池製造装置。 - 前記アノードと前記カソードユニットの間に前記基板を搬送する搬送部をさらに備え、
前記搬送部が、前記基板の前記成膜面に当接する第一挟持片と、前記基板の背面に当接する第二挟持片とを有し;
これら第一挟持片と第二挟持片とにより前記基板が挟持され;
前記アノードが前記カソードユニットに対して接近する際に、前記第一挟持片が前記第二挟持片から離間し;
前記アノードが前記カソードユニットに対して離間する際に、前記第一挟持片が前記第二挟持片に接近し;
前記基板の前記成膜面に前記膜を形成する際に、前記搬送部の前記第一挟持片よりも内周側で、前記基板の周縁部が前記マスクにより覆われる;
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の薄膜太陽電池製造装置。 - 前記マスク部が前記基板の前記周縁部を覆うことで、前記成膜空間が存在する空間と、前記搬送部が存在する空間とが分離される
ことを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の薄膜太陽電池製造装置。 - 前記アノードに、前記基板の温度を調整するための温度制御部が内蔵されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の薄膜太陽電池製造装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801124282A CN101999173B (zh) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-06-04 | 薄膜太阳能电池制造装置 |
US12/995,295 US20110094445A1 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-06-04 | Apparatus for manufacturing thin-film solar cell |
EP09758387.6A EP2290701B1 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-06-04 | Apparatus for manufacturing thin film solar cell |
JP2010515911A JP5417326B2 (ja) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-06-04 | 薄膜太陽電池製造装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2008149935 | 2008-06-06 | ||
JP2008-149935 | 2008-06-06 |
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WO2009148120A1 true WO2009148120A1 (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
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ID=41398193
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PCT/JP2009/060252 WO2009148120A1 (ja) | 2008-06-06 | 2009-06-04 | 薄膜太陽電池製造装置 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110094445A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2290701B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5417326B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101215089B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101999173B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI407573B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009148120A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20110107969A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-05-12 | Ulvac, Inc. | Apparatus for manufacturing thin-film solar cell |
KR101708420B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-15 | 2017-02-21 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 기판 증착 시스템 및 이를 이용한 증착 방법 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2290701A4 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
JP5417326B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
TWI407573B (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
KR20100120717A (ko) | 2010-11-16 |
CN101999173B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
KR101215089B1 (ko) | 2012-12-24 |
CN101999173A (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
EP2290701A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
EP2290701B1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
US20110094445A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
JPWO2009148120A1 (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
TW201003945A (en) | 2010-01-16 |
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