WO2009144914A1 - G-quadruplex検出方法、G-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法およびテロメラーゼ活性測定方法 - Google Patents
G-quadruplex検出方法、G-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法およびテロメラーゼ活性測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009144914A1 WO2009144914A1 PCT/JP2009/002304 JP2009002304W WO2009144914A1 WO 2009144914 A1 WO2009144914 A1 WO 2009144914A1 JP 2009002304 W JP2009002304 W JP 2009002304W WO 2009144914 A1 WO2009144914 A1 WO 2009144914A1
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G01N2333/912—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- G01N2333/91205—Phosphotransferases in general
- G01N2333/91245—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7)
- G01N2333/9125—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7) with a definite EC number (2.7.7.-)
- G01N2333/9128—RNA-directed DNA polymerases, e.g. RT (2.7.7.49)
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- Y10T436/147777—Plural nitrogen in the same ring [e.g., barbituates, creatinine, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a higher-order structure of DNA and a diagnostic method using the same.
- Telomeres are structures consisting of DNA and various proteins located at both ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Previous studies have shown that this telomere structure protects chromosomes from certain DNA-degrading enzymes and inappropriate DNA repair. The telomere portion is shortened with each cell division, and thus is considered to play an important role in a phenomenon called cell aging and immortalization.
- telomeres have several characteristics when viewed from the structural side. That is, in most parts of the chromosomal DNA, an adenine (hereinafter referred to as A) base, a thymine (hereinafter referred to as T) base, and a guanine (hereinafter referred to as G) between two complementary DNA strands. ) Base and cytosine (hereinafter referred to as C) bases are specifically hydrogen bonded to form a Watson-Crick base pair, and a ⁇ - ⁇ stacking interaction occurs between the base pairs. A structure has been constructed (FIG. 1).
- telomeric DNA most of it consists of double-stranded DNAs that are complementary to each other, but the 3 'end of the DNA protrudes (overhangs) in the most terminal part and is in a single-stranded state. .
- the length of this overhanging part and the total length of telomeres vary depending on the species, but in the case of humans, the overhanging part is about 50-100 bases, and the total length is about 10,000 base pairs in the initial stage.
- Another structural feature of the telomere sequence is that the overhanging strand is composed of a repetitive sequence containing a large amount of G, and the other strand that is the complementary strand is a repetitive sequence containing a large amount of C. That is the point.
- the overhanging strand is a repeat of 5′-TTAGGG-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 1) (G-rich sequence), and the other is 5′-CCCTAA- It becomes a repeat (C-rich sequence) of 3 ′ (antisense strand of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- G-quadruplex quadruplex structure
- all four DNA strands are called parallel types in which the directions from 5 ′ to 3 ′ are in the same direction, or two are in the same direction.
- the remaining two patterns are known as an anti-parallel type that faces in the opposite direction, all have the characteristics shown in FIG. That is, the four G bases form a structure called a G quartet through Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonds, and the G quartet planes maintain a structure through ⁇ - ⁇ stacking interactions.
- G-quadruplex structure requires coordination of metal ions between the G-quartet surface and the G-quartet surface, and K ions, Na ions, and the like are coordinated.
- K ions, Na ions, and the like are coordinated.
- the details of under what conditions such G-quadruplex is formed in the telomeres and what function it performs are unclear at present.
- G-rich sequences do not exist only in telomeres.
- a G-rich sequence that forms a G-quadruplex also exists in c-myc, which is a proto-oncogene.
- G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes have been discovered in the promoter regions of c-kit, bcl-2, VEGF, H-ras, and N-ras genes. These are all genes related to cell canceration and the like, suggesting that G-quadruplex plays an important role for the human body.
- G-rich sequences capable of forming more than 300,000 G-quadruplexes (hereinafter, such sequences are called quadruplex predicted sequences), and these actually form Gquadplexes. Attention has been paid to the function of the structure if it is formed and if it is formed.
- One of the most necessary techniques in such a technical background is a method for specifically detecting G-quadruplex. That is, a technique is required for examining whether or not DNA in a sample contains G-quadruplex, or whether or not DNA comprising a predicted quadruplex in a sample actually forms G-quadruplex. For example, if the former is examined using conventional technology, it will be as follows. That is, a sample solution containing the target DNA is prepared, and a CD (Circular Dichroism) spectrum of this solution is measured. Then, it is only necessary to analyze whether or not the obtained CD spectrum is unique to G-quadruplex. However, the apparatus for measuring the CD spectrum is very expensive and large.
- the analysis time is as long as about 30 minutes and the number of samples that can be analyzed at one time is usually one, it is remarkably inferior in terms of high throughput.
- the form of the quadruplex there is a problem that it cannot be distinguished from other forms of DNA by using CD.
- a probe material that emits a signal (absorbance, fluorescence intensity, etc.) that can be analyzed with an inexpensive device is mixed in the above solution.
- a method for detecting a signal in the solution can be mentioned. What is important at this time is the specificity of this probe for G-quadruplex. That is, in the genomic DNA, there is a double-stranded DNA structure that occupies most of the DNA and a single-stranded DNA structure represented by the above-described overhanging portion of the telomere site. Therefore, the G-quadruplex when compared with these Specificity is important.
- the specificity of the probe to G-quadruplex is low even though we want to investigate the presence or absence of only G-quadruplex, and as a result, it interacts with single-stranded or double-stranded DNA and emits a signal. This is because it becomes difficult to accurately detect G-quadruplex in the solution.
- FIG. That is, first, a DNA having a predicted Quadruplex sequence is prepared in a solution. Thereafter, this solution is placed under G-quadruplex formation reaction conditions to cause a G-quadruplex formation reaction. Then, whether or not G-quadruplex is present in the solution after the reaction may be analyzed by performing CD spectrum measurement.
- this probe may be mixed with the solution after the G-quadruplex formation reaction, and the signal emitted as a result may be measured.
- the quadruplex predicted sequence DNA before the G-quadruplex formation reaction may be either a single-stranded DNA or a double-stranded DNA as described above, and therefore the specificity of the probe to G-quadruplex is extremely important. It is. That is, after the G-quadruplex formation reaction, when the predicted quadruplex DNA did not form G-quadruplex at all or only partially formed, the probe did not form the original quadruplex predicted sequence DNA.
- the G-rich sequence forming G-quadruplex has been found in a site related to cancer, aging, etc. in the chromosome. Therefore, in the future, by examining G-quadruplex in the patient's chromosome, disease A diagnosis is expected. Therefore, the development of a method that can specifically detect G-quadruplex is a very important issue. Moreover, as a characteristic of the probe, not only can G-quadruplex and quadruplex predicted sequence DNA be specifically detected, but if there is a change such as an increase or decrease in signal depending on their abundance, not only detection but also quantification Needless to say, it is more useful because it makes it possible to perform a realistic analysis.
- telomerase an enzyme called telomerase.
- This enzyme is a complex composed of RNA and reverse transcriptase, and can replicate and extend a G-rich repetitive sequence of a telomere site shortened by cell division (ie, telomerase is 5 in humans).
- the '-TTAGGG-3' sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) is added.
- This addition reaction is hereinafter referred to as telomerase reaction).
- telomerase reaction is not found in normal human somatic cells, it is known to be expressed in large amounts in germ cells and most cancer cells. You can check whether or not.
- TRAP assay As this conventional method, a so-called TRAP assay is known.
- the TRAP assay will be described with reference to FIG.
- a solution containing a synthetic single-stranded DNA serving as a telomerase template is prepared.
- This single-stranded DNA is usually composed of the sequence 5′-AATCCGTCGAGCAGAGTT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 2) and is called a TS primer (therefore, telomerase is 5′-TTAGGG-3 at the 3 ′ end of this TS primer.
- 'Sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 is added (see Non-Patent Document 3).
- the TS primer need not be limited to this sequence, and may be a single-stranded DNA that serves as a template for telomerase.
- telomere reaction an extract from a cell sample or tissue sample suspected of being cancerous is added to the solution, mixed, and placed under conditions where a telomerase reaction is performed.
- these samples are cancerous, since they have telomerase activity, a telomerase reaction starting from the TS primer occurs. On the other hand, the telomerase reaction does not occur unless it is cancerous.
- the DNA extended by the telomerase reaction is amplified by PCR, and the amplified DNA fragment is detected by electrophoresis.
- the obtained electrophoretic image is as shown in FIG. That is, when the telomerase activity of the sample used is strong, the length of the obtained DNA fragment appears as a ladder-like band covering a wide range from short to long, and the density of the band tends to be deep. On the other hand, since a long DNA fragment cannot be obtained from a weakly active telomerase, a ladder-like band appears in a short range, and the density of the band tends to be thin. Therefore, in order to judge canceration of a sample, it is sufficient to analyze the length range and band density of the DNA fragment of the electrophoretic image obtained from the result of the TRAP assay, but this is analyzed quantitatively. Since this is difficult, it will be a qualitative judgment.
- the G-quadruplex specific detection probe described in FIGS. 3 and 5 is not only G-quadruplex-specific, but also depends on the abundance of G-quadruplex. When changing, it is also useful in cancer diagnosis using telomerase activity as an index.
- the flowchart is shown in FIG.
- a solution containing TS primer is prepared, and then an extract from a cell sample or tissue sample is added to and mixed with the solution, and a telomerase reaction is performed on this solution, followed by PCR.
- the procedure up to the amplification of the DNA extended by the telomerase reaction by the method is the same as in FIG.
- the solution after PCR is not subjected to electrophoresis, but a G-quadruplex formation reaction is performed in the same manner as in FIG. As a result, the formed G-quadrulex is detected using a G-quadruplex detection probe.
- the amount of G-quadruplex formed reflects the strength of telomerase activity
- the above-mentioned probe changes its signal amount according to the amount of G-quadruplex, it can be quantitatively determined by this method. Analysis of telomerase activity and determination of canceration can be performed.
- the specificity of the probe to G-quadruplex is extremely important here. That is, when the cell sample is not cancerous, the telomerase reaction does not proceed, but as a result, the TS primer that is a single-stranded DNA remains in the reaction solution. Further, since the subsequent PCR reaction does not proceed, the PCR reaction primer also remains in a single-stranded DNA state. Therefore, if the cell sample is not cancerous, there will eventually be a large amount of single-stranded DNA in the reaction solution, and the probe will react with these single-stranded DNA and give a signal. This is because quantitative telomerase activity analysis and cancer diagnosis become difficult.
- a method capable of specifically detecting G-quadruplex is very useful in the situation where either single-stranded DNA or double-stranded DNA can exist in the solution. Furthermore, if it also has quantitativeness, not only quantitative G-quadruplex can be detected, but also the problems of the conventional TRAP assay can be solved. Therefore, G-quadruplex detection methods using probes that specifically interact with G-quadruplexes and change signals depending on the amount of G-quadruplexes have been vigorously developed.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a novel compound specific to G-quadruplex.
- this probe has a higher binding selectivity to G-quadruplex than single- and double-stranded DNAs, it can confirm binding to single- and double-stranded DNAs.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports the specificity of G-quadruplex for a cationic porphyrin having the following structure (Chemical Formula 1).
- This document uses the SPR (surface plasmon resonance) phenomenon to analyze the binding between the porphyrin and double-stranded DNA or G-quadruplex on a gold substrate.
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- Non-Patent Document 2 reports the specificity of G-quadruplexes such as cationic porphyrins having the following structures (Chemical Formula 2) and (Chemical Formula 3).
- G-quadruplexes such as cationic porphyrins having the following structures (Chemical Formula 2) and (Chemical Formula 3).
- specific binding of these porphyrins to G-quadruplex has also been investigated by analyzing the SPR phenomenon and UV-visible absorption spectrum. It is described that these porphyrins bind nonspecifically.
- any of the probes that have been developed for the purpose of detecting G-quadruplex so far is cationic.
- G-quadruplex is anionic, and from the viewpoint of binding to G-quadruplex, it is considered that it is very advantageous to be cationic (ie, anionic is electrostatic. Repulsion occurs and is considered disadvantageous in the binding reaction).
- anionic is electrostatic. Repulsion occurs and is considered disadvantageous in the binding reaction.
- the present inventor has interacted with G-quadruplex with extremely high specificity even though the anionic planar phthalocyanine is anionic, and the absorbance depends on the concentration of G-quadruplex. Has been found to change, and the present invention has been achieved.
- the present invention that solves the above problems detects G-quadruplex in a sample solution containing DNA that forms at least one of a single-stranded structure, a double-stranded structure, and a G-quadruplex structure.
- a method The method (A) preparing a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine; (B) mixing the solution containing the anionic planar phthalocyanine with the sample solution; (C) measuring the absorbance at 640 to 740 nm of the mixed solution after the step (b); (D) if a peak having an absorption maximum at 640 to 740 nm appears, determining that DNA forming a G-quadruplex structure is contained in the sample solution; Is a G-quadruplex detection method characterized in that
- a method for detecting G-quadruplex-forming DNA comprising: The method (A) placing the sample solution under G-quadruplex formation reaction conditions; (B) preparing a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine; (C) either before or after the step (a), the step of mixing the sample solution with a solution containing the anionic planar phthalocyanine; (D) measuring the absorbance at 640 to 740 nm of the mixed solution after the series of steps (a) to (c); (E) determining that a DNA having a G-quadruplex structure is contained in the sample solution if a peak having an absorption maximum at 640 to 740 nm appears; In order, a G-quadruplex-forming DNA detection method.
- the present invention also relates to a method for measuring telomerase activity in a sample solution, The method (A) preparing the sample solution; (B) preparing a substrate solution containing DNA which is a substrate of telomerase; (C) mixing the sample solution and the substrate solution to prepare a telomerase reaction solution; (D) placing the telomerase reaction solution under conditions where a DNA addition reaction with telomerase is performed; (E) preparing a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine; (F) mixing a solution containing the anionic planar phthalocyanine with a solution obtained after the step (d); (G) measuring the absorbance at 640 to 740 nm of the mixed solution after the series of steps (a) to (f); (H) if a peak having an absorption maximum at 640 to 740 nm appears, determining that DNA forming a G-quadruplex structure is contained in the sample solution; In order.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine is complexed with copper as a coordination metal, is complexed with zinc, is complexed with zinc, or is complexed with cobalt or an anion having nickel It is preferable that it is at least one selected from the group consisting of an anionic planar phthalocyanine, a complexed with an anionic planar phthalocyanine having no coordination metal, and a complexed one.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine preferably has at least one functional group obtained from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a metal salt of a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, and a metal salt of a sulfo group. .
- the present invention provides a method for specifically and quantitatively detecting G-quadruplex, a method for specifically and quantitatively detecting DNA capable of forming G-quadruplex, and a method for measuring telomerase activity.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the structure of double-stranded DNA.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of the G-quadruplex.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a specific detection method for G-quadruplex-forming DNA using a G-quadruplex-forming DNA-specific probe.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a quadruplex predicted sequence detection method using a CD analyzer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method for detecting a predicted quadruplex using a G-quadruplex-forming DNA-specific probe.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a conventional method for measuring telomerase activity.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an electrophoretic image obtained by a conventional telomerase activity measurement method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the structure of double-stranded DNA.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of the G-quadruplex.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring telomerase activity using a G-quadruplex-forming DNA-specific probe.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a specific detection method for G-quadruplex-forming DNA using anionic phthalocyanine.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method for detecting a predicted Quadruplex sequence using an anionic phthalocyanine.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring telomerase activity using anionic phthalocyanine.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a CD measurement result in Example 2.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the results when anionic copper phthalocyanine is used in Example 2.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results when anionic nickel phthalocyanine is used in Example 2.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the results when using an anionic phthalocyanine having no coordination metal in Example 2.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the results when anionic iron phthalocyanine is used in Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the CD measurement results in Example 1.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the results when anionic copper phthalocyanine is used in Example 1.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the results when anionic nickel phthalocyanine is used in Example 1.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the results when Example 1 uses an anionic phthalocyanine having no coordination metal.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the results when anionic iron phthalocyanine is used in Example 1.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the results when anionic copper phthalocyanine is used in Example 3.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the results when anionic nickel phthalocyanine is used in Example 3.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the results when Example 3 uses an anionic phthalocyanine having no coordination metal.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the results when anionic copper phthalocyanine is used in Example 4.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the results when anionic nickel phthalocyanine is used in Example 4.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the results when using an anionic phthalocyanine having no coordination metal in Example 4.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the results when anionic iron phthalocyanine is used in Example 4.
- FIG. 29 is a table summarizing the results of Examples 1 to 4.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a typical absorbance spectrum when the phthalocyanine is in an associated state and when it is dispersed.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the mechanism of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating planar phthalocyanine and shuttlecock phthalocyanine.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the results when anionic cobalt phthalocyanine is used in Example 1.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the results when anionic cobalt phthalocyanine is used in Example 2.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing the results when anionic cobalt phthalocyanine is used in Example 3.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the results when anionic cobalt phthalocyanine is used in Example 4.
- a sample solution and a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine are mixed. Then, the absorbance of the mixed solution at a specific wavelength within the range of 640 to 740 nm is measured. At this time, if DNA forming a G-quadruplex is present in the sample solution, an absorption peak depending on this appears in the range of 640 to 740 nm. On the other hand, single-stranded structure, double-stranded structure Even in the presence of DNA, no peak depending on them appears within the above wavelength range. Therefore, by analyzing the presence or absence of this peak, it is possible to know whether or not DNA forming a G-quadruplex was present in the sample solution.
- a reference solution that is known to contain no DNA that forms at least G-quadruplex is prepared, and this also includes a solution containing the anionic planar phthalocyanine. What is necessary is just to measure the light absorbency in the said specific wavelength at the time of mixing, and obtain
- the absorbance value of this absorption peak increases as the concentration of DNA forming the G-quadruplex increases. Therefore, by analyzing the absorbance, the concentration of DNA forming G-quadruplex can be analyzed.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine used in Embodiment 1 is an anionic planar phthalocyanine having copper, zinc, cobalt or nickel as a coordination metal, or an anionic planar phthalocyanine having no coordination metal It is.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine used in Embodiment 1 has at least one functional group obtained from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a carboxyl group metal salt, a sulfo group, and a sulfo group metal salt.
- the specific wavelength may be any wavelength as long as it is within the range of 640 to 740 nm, but it is more preferable that the wavelength closer to the maximum peak wavelength appears because highly sensitive measurement is possible.
- the sample solution and a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine are mixed, and this is put under G-quadruplex formation conditions to perform a G-quadruplex formation reaction.
- the absorbance at a specific wavelength in the range of 640 to 740 nm is measured (FIG. 10A), or the sample solution is subjected to a G-quadruplex formation reaction under a G-quadruplex formation condition and then an anion.
- the solution is mixed with a solution containing sex-type planar phthalocyanine, and the absorbance of a specific wavelength in the range of 640 to 740 nm of this mixed solution is measured (FIG. 10B).
- the absorbance value of the absorption peak increases as the concentration of DNA forming the G-quadruplex increases. Therefore, by analyzing the absorbance, it is possible to quantitatively analyze how much DNA in the sample has formed G-quadruplex.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine used in Embodiment 2 is an anionic planar phthalocyanine having copper, zinc, cobalt, or nickel as a coordination metal, as in Embodiment 1, or has a coordination metal. Not selected from anionic planar phthalocyanine.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine used in the second embodiment is at least one kind obtained from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a metal salt of a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, and a metal salt of a sulfo group, as in the first embodiment.
- the specific wavelength may be any wavelength as long as it is within the range of 640 to 740 nm, but it is more preferable that the wavelength closer to the maximum peak wavelength appears because highly sensitive measurement is possible.
- Embodiment 3 a method for quantitatively analyzing telomerase activity contained in a sample will be described with reference to FIG.
- the sample and a solution containing single-stranded DNA serving as a telomerase substrate are mixed, and the mixed solution is placed under conditions under which a telomerase reaction is performed.
- a telomerase reaction is performed under these conditions.
- the substrate single-stranded DNA is converted into a DNA comprising 5′-TTAGGG-3 ′.
- there is no active telomerase in the sample such DNA addition is not performed.
- the mixed solution after the telomerase reaction is placed under G-quadruplex formation conditions.
- G-quadruplex is formed, and the amount depends on the telomerase activity in the sample (if the activity is large). The amount of G-quadruplex formed is also increased). Conversely, for example, if the sample does not contain active telomerase and, as a result, the telomerase reaction is not performed, no G-quadruplex is formed here.
- the mixed solution after the G-quadruplex formation reaction and a solution containing an anionic planar phthalocyanine are mixed, and the absorbance of a specific wavelength within the range of 640 to 740 nm may be measured.
- the absorbance value of the peak increases as the concentration of DNA forming the G-quadruplex increases.
- the telomerase activity in the sample can be quantitatively analyzed by measuring the absorbance value of this peak.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine solution is added to the mixed solution after the G-quadruplex formation reaction, but the timing of adding the anionic planar phthalocyanine solution is not limited thereto. That is, as long as it is after the telomerase reaction and before the absorbance measurement, it may be added to the mixed solution containing the sample solution at any timing.
- the anionic planar phthalocyanine used in the third embodiment is an anionic planar phthalocyanine having copper, zinc, cobalt, or nickel as a coordination metal, as in the first and second embodiments, or It is selected from an anionic planar phthalocyanine having no coordination metal.
- anionic planar phthalocyanine used in the third embodiment is the same as in the first and second embodiments, from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a metal salt of a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, and a metal salt of a sulfo group. It has at least one functional group obtained.
- the specific wavelength may be any wavelength as long as it is within the range of 640 to 740 nm, but it is more preferable that the wavelength closer to the maximum peak wavelength appears because highly sensitive measurement is possible.
- the DNAs used in the examples described below are all synthetic products of Hokkaido System Science Co., Ltd.
- phthalocyanines used in this example Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfidic acid tetrasulfidic acid Phthalocyanine-4,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acid, compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation.
- Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid and Zinc (II) phthacyanine tetrasulfonic acid were purchased from Funakoshi Co., Ltd.
- Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was synthesized. The synthesis method is as follows.
- trimellitic acid 20 g of urea, 4.75 g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 0.82 g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate were heated in an oil bath at 170-180 ° C. in 100 ml of nitrobenzene for 4.5 hours. After cooling, the nitrobenzene layer was removed by decantation. The residue was washed with methanol and water and then vacuum dried to obtain 8.66 g of a solid. After stirring 1.0 g of this solid in 30 g of 50% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at 70 to 75 ° C. for 2 hours, 90 ml of water was added and stirred, and this was filtered.
- the filtrate obtained here was made strongly acidic with 35-37% hydrochloric acid to precipitate a precipitate, which was collected by filtration. This precipitate was dissolved in 100 ml of 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and filtered again. The filtrate obtained here was made strongly acidic again with hydrochloric acid, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration. This was washed with a large amount of water, and then vacuum-dried to obtain Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid as 0.1 g of powder. Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid used in the following examples is all obtained by this synthesis.
- Example 1 an attempt was made to detect DNA forming an antiparallel G-quadruplex present in a solution using an anionic planar phthalocyanine.
- a solution containing DNA forming an anti-parallel G-quadruplex was prepared by the following procedure.
- telomere DNA concentrations contained in this solution were prepared at 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ⁇ M, respectively.
- a solution of 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7 containing no DNA was also prepared.
- FIG. 18 (B) shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it is possible to quantitatively detect the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming an anti-parallel G-quadruplex by using Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt. I understand.
- FIG. 18B shows the structure of the human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution as described above after annealing to change the structure into an anti-parallel G-quadruplex, and then Coupler (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ′, 4 ′′. , 4 '' '-tetrasulfonic acidictetrasodium salt is added, but before annealing, Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4', 4 ′′, 4 '' '-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasalt salt is used.
- the obtained absorbance value at 691.5 nm and the human telomeric DNA of the sample are also obtained. A high correlation was obtained between the concentrations.
- FIG. 19 (B) shows the result of adding nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonitic acid tetrasodium salt after the structure of human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution was changed to an anti-parallel G-quadruplex by annealing as described above.
- Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt is added before the annealing treatment (that is, in the case of the procedure shown in FIG. 10A), as in the case of FIG. A high correlation was obtained between the obtained absorbance value at 691.5 nm and the human telomeric DNA concentration of the sample.
- this phthalocyanine solution and the above-mentioned Anti-G-quadruplex solutions D, E, F, G and NC solutions were mixed, and the absorbance at 480 to 800 nm was measured for this mixed solution.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. From this, it can be seen that two peaks appear in the range of 660 to 740 nm except for the NC solution containing no DNA, and these peaks are larger in the order of Anti-G-quadruplex solution D> E> F> G. From the above results, it can be seen that anti-parallel G-quadruplex-forming DNA in the solution can be detected by using Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid.
- FIG. 20 (B) the relationship between the absorbance value at 677.5 nm and the human telomere DNA concentration of the sample in each graph obtained in FIG. 20 (A) is shown in FIG. 20 (B).
- the absorbance value at 710.0 nm and the human telomere of the sample are shown.
- the relationship of the DNA concentration is shown in FIG. This shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it can be seen that the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming the anti-parallel G-quadruplex can be quantitatively detected by using Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid.
- ⁇ Detection with anionic cobalt phthalocyanine> a solution (total amount 20 ⁇ l) of 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7 containing 15 ⁇ M Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid (anionic planar phthalocyanine having cobalt as a coordination metal and a carboxyl group as a functional group) was prepared. did.
- this phthalocyanine solution and the above-mentioned Anti-G-quadruplex solutions B, C, D, G and NC solutions were mixed, and the absorbance at 480 to 800 nm was measured for this mixed solution.
- FIG. 33 (B) shows the relationship between the absorbance value at 684.5 nm of each graph obtained in FIG. 33 (A) and the human telomeric DNA concentration of the sample.
- FIG. 33 (B) shows the result of adding Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid after the structure of the human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution is changed to an anti-parallel G-quadruplex by annealing as described above.
- the peak rise in the range of 640 to 720 nm observed when Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine acid is used is Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfoacidoidet. It is smaller than the result of using salt or Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acidratetrasodium salt or Phthacyanine tetrasulfonic acid. This is probably because the synthesized Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was not sufficiently purified.
- peaks were observed in the range of 640 to 740 nm.
- Example 1 it was found that anti-parallel G-quadruplex can be detected using any anionic planar phthalocyanine except when anionic iron phthalocyanine is used.
- Zinc (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonicacid was used, a high correlation was observed between the absorbance value at a specific wavelength within the peak range and the human telomeric DNA concentration in the sample.
- Example 1 except for the case where anionic iron phthalocyanine is used, the concentration of single-stranded DNA that forms an antiparallel G-quadruplex present in the sample solution with any anionic phthalocyanine is used. It was found that can be detected quantitatively.
- Example 2 In this example, an anionic phthalocyanine was used to try to detect DNA forming an anti-parallel G-quadruplex and a parallel G-quadruplex mixed in the solution.
- a solution in which DNA forming an anti-parallel G-quadruplex and DNA forming a parallel G-quadruplex was mixed was prepared by the following procedure.
- telomere DNA a 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, pH 7 solution (total volume 100 ⁇ l) containing human telomere DNA was prepared.
- human telomeric DNA concentrations contained in this solution were prepared as 1, 2, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ⁇ M, respectively.
- a 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, pH 7 solution containing no DNA was also prepared. These solutions were then annealed.
- the anti-parallel G-quadruplex shows a positive peak near 295 nm and a negative peak near 265 nm in the CD measurement result.
- the parallel type G-quadruplex shows a positive peak around 260 nm and a negative peak around 240 nm.
- both the positive peak near 295 nm and the negative peak near 240 nm increases as the human telomeric DNA concentration increases. This means that if the concentration of human telomere DNA initially contained is large, both the parallel-type G-quadruplex-forming DNA and the anti-parallel type G-quadruplex-forming DNA concentration in the solution obtained after the annealing treatment are increased. It is shown that.
- NC-2 solution a solution obtained as a result of the above annealing treatment on a solution containing no DNA prepared as a negative control is referred to as NC-2 solution.
- FIG. 13 (B) shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming anti-parallel type and parallel type G-quadruplex is quantitatively determined by using Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acidontetrasodium salt. It can be seen that it can be detected.
- Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acidontetrasodium salt It can be seen that it can be detected.
- FIG. 13B shows the structure of human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution as described above after annealing to change the structure into anti-parallel and parallel G-quadruplexes, and then Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′ — The result of adding tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
- Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt is added before the annealing treatment, as in FIG. 13B, A high correlation was obtained between the obtained absorbance value at 689.5 nm and the human telomeric DNA concentration of the sample.
- FIG. 14 (B) shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it can be seen that the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming the anti-parallel type and parallel type G-quadruplex can be quantitatively detected by using Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
- FIG. 14B shows the structure of human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution as described above after annealing to change the structure into an anti-parallel type and parallel type G-quadruplex, followed by the addition of Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt This is the result.
- Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt was added before annealing treatment, the absorbance value at 677.5 nm obtained and the human telomeric DNA of the sample were also obtained, as in FIG. 14B. A high correlation was obtained between the concentrations.
- ⁇ Detection by anionic phthalocyanine having no coordination metal First, a solution of 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, pH 7 containing 15 ⁇ M Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (total amount 20 ⁇ l) was prepared. Next, this phthalocyanine solution and the above-mentioned Anti-Para-G-quadruplex solutions B, C, D, F and NC-2 solutions were mixed, and the absorbance at 480 to 800 nm was measured for this mixed solution.
- FIG. 15B the relationship between the absorbance value at 708.0 nm of each graph obtained in FIG. 15A and the human telomeric DNA concentration of the sample is shown in FIG. 15B, and the absorbance value at 675.0 nm and the human telomeric DNA of the sample are shown.
- the density relationship is shown in FIG. This shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it can be seen that the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming the anti-parallel type and parallel type G-quadruplex can be quantitatively detected by using Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid.
- ⁇ Detection with anionic cobalt phthalocyanine First, a solution (total amount 20 ⁇ l) of 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, pH 7 containing 15 ⁇ M Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was prepared. Next, this phthalocyanine solution and the above-mentioned Anti-Para-G-quadruplex solutions B, C, D, E and NC-2 solutions were mixed, and the absorbance at 480 to 800 nm was measured for this mixed solution.
- FIG. 34 (B) shows the structure of human telomeric DNA contained in the sample solution as described above after annealing to change the structure into anti-parallel and parallel G-quadruplex, and then Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was added. It is a result. However, even when Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was added before the annealing treatment, the absorbance value at 679.0 nm obtained and the human telomeric DNA concentration of the sample, as well as in the case of FIG. 34 (B), A high correlation was obtained.
- the peak increase in the range of 640 to 720 nm observed when Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine acid is used is Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ', 4' ', 4' ''-tetrasulfodiacid acid. It is smaller than the case of using salt or Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt or Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid. This is probably because the synthesized Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was not sufficiently purified.
- a peak in the range of 640 to 740 nm was observed only when mixed with the Para-G-quadruplex solution, so from the above results, any anionic phthalocyanine was used with any anionic phthalocyanine except when anionic iron phthalocyanine was used. It was found that the anti-parallel type and the parallel type G-quadruplex mixed in can be detected.
- Zinc (II) phtalocyaninetrasulfonicacid when Zinc (II) phtalocyaninetrasulfonicacid was used, a high correlation was observed between the absorbance value at a specific wavelength within the peak range and the human telomeric DNA concentration in the sample. Therefore, it was found that the concentration of single-stranded DNA forming the anti-parallel type and parallel type G-quadruplex present in the sample solution can be quantitatively detected even when using Zinc (II) phtalocyaninetrasulfonicacid.
- Example 3 From the results of Example 1 and Example 2 above, it was found that G-quadruplex can be detected regardless of parallel type or anti-parallel type using any anionic phthalocyanine other than anionic iron phthalocyanine.
- Example 3 in order to confirm the specificity of these anionic phthalocyanines for G-quadruplex, an experiment for detecting single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA DNA using anionic phthalocyanines was conducted. For this purpose, first, a solution containing single-stranded DNA and a solution containing double-stranded DNA were prepared by the following procedure.
- a 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7 solution (100 ⁇ l total volume) is prepared at a concentration of 5 ° C., incubated at 90 ° C. for 5 minutes, cooled to 0 ° C. at a rate of 2 ° C./min, and finally 0 ° C. And incubated for 2 hours. Since the two types of DNA have a complementary relationship, as a result of this incubation, both DNAs form double-stranded DNA in the solution (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as a double-stranded DNA solution).
- Example 1 the result of using the NC solution in Example 1 as a negative control is also shown. From this, it can be seen that both the single-stranded DNA solution and the double-stranded DNA solution have almost the same results as those of the NC solution, even though high concentration DNA of 50 ⁇ M is contained. Therefore, based on the above results and the results of Example 1 and Example 2, detection of G-quadruplex-forming DNA using Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfuric acid tetrasodium salt Is very specific.
- Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfuric acid tetrasodium salt Is very specific.
- Example 1 the result of using the NC solution in Example 1 as a negative control is also shown. From this, it can be seen that both the single-stranded DNA solution and the double-stranded DNA solution have almost the same result as that of the NC solution, even though a high concentration of DNA of 50 ⁇ M is contained. Therefore, from the above results and the results of Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that the detection of G-quadruplex-forming DNA using Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid has extremely high specificity.
- Example 4 In Example 1 and Example 2 above, parallel-type and anti-parallel type G-quadruplex DNAs were prepared using single-stranded DNA having the same sequence as that of the human telomere part, and the coordination metal was other than iron. It was shown that these can be detected by anionic phthalocyanine, or that the single-stranded DNA can be quantitatively detected based on the detection result. In this Example 4, whether the results of Example 1 and Example 2 are limited to G-quadruplex consisting of the sequence of the human telomere part, or similar to G-quadruplex consisting of other than the sequence of the human telomere part. We examined whether the results were obtained.
- G4T4G4 DNA a single-stranded DNA consisting of the 5′-ggggttttgggg-3 ′ sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) and 2.5 ⁇ M Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ′, 4 ′′,
- G4T4G4 DNA sequence is different from the sequence of the human telomere part, it is known to form a parallel G-quadruplex by annealing treatment in the presence of K + .
- the above solutions were prepared with G4T4G4 DNA concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 ⁇ M, respectively.
- FIG. 25B shows the relationship between the absorbance value at 687 nm of each graph obtained in FIG. 25A and the G4T4G4 DNA concentration of the sample. This shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it can be seen from this result that the concentration of G4T4G4 DNA can be quantitatively detected by using Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ', 4 ", 4"'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
- Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ', 4 ", 4"'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3, 4 ', 4 ", 4"'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
- the G4T4G4 DNA concentration was 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 25 ⁇ M.
- the results are shown in FIG. From this, it can be seen that a peak appears in the range of about 640 to 720 nm, except when the G4T4G4 DNA is 0 ⁇ M.
- FIG. 26B the relationship between the absorbance value at 677.5 nm of each graph obtained in FIG. 26A and the G4T4G4 DNA concentration of the sample is shown in FIG. 26B. This shows that there is a high correlation between the two. Therefore, it can be seen from this result that the G4T4G4 DNA concentration can be quantitatively detected by using Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
- the G4T4G4 DNA concentrations were 0, 1, 2, 10, and 25 ⁇ M.
- the results are shown in FIG. From this, it can be seen that two peaks appear in the range of about 660 to 740 nm except when the G4T4G4 DNA is 0 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was 30 ⁇ M.
- the G4T4G4 DNA concentration was 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ⁇ M.
- the results are shown in FIG. From this, it can be seen that a peak appears in the range of about 640 to 720 nm, except when the G4T4G4 DNA is 0 ⁇ M.
- the peak increase in the range of 640 to 720 nm observed when Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine acid is used is Copper (II) phthalocyanine-3,4 ', 4' ', 4' ''-tetrasulfodiacid acid. It is smaller than the case of using salt or Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt or Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid. This is probably because the synthesized Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid was not sufficiently purified.
- Examples 1 to 4 are summarized in FIG. 29 together with a diagram showing the structure of each phthalocyanine.
- ⁇ indicates that in the DNA detection experiment of each example, an absorbance peak was obtained within a wavelength range of 640 to 740 nm depending on the presence of the target DNA.
- x indicates that such a peak was not obtained.
- “-” Indicates that no experiment was performed.
- anionic iron phthalocyanine regardless of the type of anionic functional group (sulfo group or carboxyl group) and the type of coordination metal, no matter what anionic phthalocyanine is used, G- It can be seen that quadruplex can be specifically detected.
- G-quadruplex does not depend on the parallel type or the anti-parallel type, and the sequence is not limited to the human telomeric DNA sequence. It can be seen that the G-quadruplex can be detected with the G-quadruplex described with reference to FIG.
- the first is about the absorbance of phthalocyanine.
- phthalocyanines When phthalocyanines are usually dissolved in a solution, they have a stacking interaction with each other due to their wide ⁇ plane and are intermolecularly associated. A typical UV absorption spectrum at this time is shown in FIG.
- a surfactant when added to the phthalocyanine solution in this state, a peak appears around 640 to 740 nm (FIG. 30B). It is known that this is a peak indicating that the association of phthalocyanines is dissolved by the addition of the surfactant (in other words, the monomer state).
- the G-quadruplex has a structure in which a wide ⁇ plane called a G-qartet plane is stacked.
- a G-qartet plane is stacked.
- Such a structure is a structure in which molecules having other ⁇ planes easily intercalate between the G-qartet plane and the G-qartet plane.
- molecules such as cationic anthraquinones and cationic porphyrins intercalate into G-quadruplexes due to the effects of their electrostatic and stacking interactions.
- the results of Examples 1 to 4 show that the anionic phthalocyanine other than anionic iron phthalocyanine specifically detects G-quadruplex by the mechanism shown in FIG. It shows that you are doing. That is, when G-quadruplex does not exist, these anionic phthalocyanines are associated, and the UV absorption spectrum thereof is as shown in FIG. However, when G-quadruplex is mixed with this, at least a part of these anionic phthalocyanines are intercalated in Gquadruplex. Since the intercalated anionic phthalocyanine is the same as the monomer state, it shows an absorbance peak at 640 to 730 nm.
- Iron (III) phthalocyanine-4,4 ′, 4 ′′, 4 ′ ′′-tetrasulfonic acid, compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrate used in this example has oxygen in the coordination metal iron.
- This is a shuttlecock type phthalocyanine.
- all the other phthalocyanines used in this example are planar.
- the shuttlecock type phthalocyanine has a structure protruding from the central portion and has poor planarity. Accordingly, the planar phthalocyanine can be intercalated in Gquadruplex as shown in the mechanism shown in FIG. 31, whereas the shuttlecock phthalocyanine represented by the anionic iron phthalocyanine used in this example is not planar.
- the inventor dared to use an anionic phthalocyanine contrary to conventional common sense, and found the difference in the interaction between planar phthalocyanine and shuttlecock phthalocyanine for G-quadruplex for the first time in the world.
- the present inventors have completed a highly specific method for detecting G-quadruplex using the anionic planar phthalocyanine of the invention.
- the specific detection method for G-quadruplex-forming DNA is useful as an analysis method in the biotechnology field.
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Abstract
Description
前記方法は、
(a)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(b)前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液と前記試料溶液を混合する工程と、
(c)前記(b)工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(d)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするG-quadruplex検出方法である。
前記方法は、
(a)前記試料溶液をG-quadruplex形成反応条件下に置く工程と、
(b)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(c)前記(a)工程の前か後のいずれかにおいて、前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液と前記試料溶液を混合する工程と、
(d)前記(a)~(c)の一連の工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(e)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法である。
前記方法は、
(a)前記試料溶液を調製する工程と、
(b)テロメラーゼの基質となるDNAを含む基質溶液を調製する工程と、
(c)前記試料溶液と前記基質溶液を混合し、テロメラーゼ反応溶液を調製する工程と、
(d)前記テロメラーゼ反応溶液をテロメラーゼによるDNA付加反応が行われる条件下に置く工程と、
(e)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(f)前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を、前記(d)の工程後に得られる溶液と混合する工程と、
(g)前記(a)~(f)の一連の工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(h)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするテロメラーゼ活性測定方法である。
本実施の形態1では、一本鎖構造か二本鎖構造かG-quadruplexの少なくともいずれか一種類以上の構造を形成しているDNAを含む試料溶液中の、G-quadruplexを検出する方法について図9を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態2では、試料溶液中に含まれる一本鎖構造か二本鎖構造のいずれか一種類以上の構造を形成しているDNAがG-quadruplexを形成するか否かについて調べる方法について図10を用いて説明する。
における特定の波長の吸光度を測定する(図10(B))。このとき、上記実施の形態1と同様に、この混合溶液中においてG-quadruplexを形成しているDNAが存在すると、640~740nmの範囲でこれに依存した吸収ピークが現れ、さらにこの吸収ピークの吸光度値はG-quadruplexを形成しているDNA濃度が増大するにつれ大きくなる。
本実施の形態3では、試料中に含まれるテロメラーゼ活性を定量的に解析する方法について図11を用いて説明する。
以下に記載する実施例で用いられるDNAは、全て北海道システム・サイエンス株式会社の合成品である。また本実施例で用いられるフタロシアニンのうち、Copper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltおよびNickel(II)phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltおよびIron(III)phthalocyanine-4,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid,compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrateはシグマ・アルドリッチ(株)より購入した。Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acidおよびZinc(II) phthalocyaninetetrasulfonicacidは(株)フナコシより購入した。Cobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acidは合成した。合成方法は下記のとおりである。
本実施例では、アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを用いて、溶液中に存在するアンチパラレル型G-quadruplexを形成しているDNAを検出することを試みた。そのためにまず以下の手順でアンチパラレル型G-quadruplexを形成しているDNAを含む溶液を調製した。
まず5’-gggttagggttagggttaggg-3’の配列(配列番号:3)からなる一本鎖DNAを含む50mM HEPES、100mMNaCl、pH7の溶液(全量100μl)を調製した。この配列はヒトのテロメア部分の配列と同様のものであり、そのため以降このDNAをヒトテロメアDNAと呼ぶ。ここで、この溶液中に含まれるヒトテロメアDNA濃度は0.5、2、5、10、25、50、100μMのものをそれぞれ用意した。ネガティブコントロールとしてDNAを含まない50mMHEPES、100mMNaCl、pH7の溶液も調製した。
まず15μMのCopper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt(配位金属として銅を有し、官能基としてスルホ基のナトリウム塩を有するアニオン性平面型フタロシアニン)を含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-G-quadruplex溶液C、D、E、FおよびNC溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず15μMのNickel(II)phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt(配位金属としてニッケルを有し、官能基としてスルホ基のナトリウム塩を有するアニオン性平面型フタロシアニン)を含む50mMHEPES、100mMNaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-G-quadruplex溶液D、E、F、GおよびNC溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず15μMのPhthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid(配位金属を持たず、官能基としてスルホ基を有するアニオン性平面型フタロシアニン)を含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。
まず15μMのCobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid(配位金属としてコバルトを有し、官能基としてカルボキシル基を有するアニオン性平面型フタロシアニン)を含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-G-quadruplex溶液B、C、D、GおよびNC溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず15μMのIron(III)phthalocyanine-4,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid,compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrate(配位金属として鉄を有し、官能基としてスルホ基を有するアニオン性フタロシアニン)を含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-G-quadruplex溶液BおよびNC溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
本実施例では、アニオン性フタロシアニンを用いて、溶液中に混在するアンチパラレル型G-quadruplexとパラレル型G-quadruplexを形成しているDNAを検出することを試みた。そのためにまず以下の手順でアンチパラレル型G-quadruplexを形成しているDNAとパラレル型G-quadruplexを形成しているDNAが混在している溶液を調製した。
まず、ヒトテロメアDNAを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量100μl)を調製した。ここで、この溶液中に含まれるヒトテロメアDNA濃度は1、2、10、25、50、100μMのものをそれぞれ用意した。ネガティブコントロールとしてDNAを含まない50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液も調製した。次にこれらの溶液をアニーリング処理した。
まず、15μMのCopper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-Para-G-quadruplex溶液B、C、D、FおよびNC-2溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず、15μMのNickel(II)phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-Para-G-quadruplex溶液A、B、C、EおよびNC-2溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず、15μMのPhthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acidを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-Para-G-quadruplex溶液B、C、D、FおよびNC-2溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず、15μMのCobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acidを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-Para-G-quadruplex溶液B、C、D、EおよびNC-2溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
まず15μMのIron(III)phthalocyanine-4,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid,compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrateを含む50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記Anti-Para-G-quadruplex溶液BおよびNC-2溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。
上記実施例1および実施例2の結果より、アニオン性鉄フタロシアニン以外のいずれのアニオン性フタロシアニンを用いてもパラレル型、アンチパラレル型に関わらずG-quadruplexが検出できることが分かった。本実施例3では、これらアニオン性フタロシアニンによるG-quadruplexに対する特異性について確かめるため、アニオン性フタロシアニンを用いた一本鎖DNAおよび二本鎖DNADNAの検出実験を行った。そのためにまず以下の手順で一本鎖DNAを含む溶液、二本鎖DNAを含む溶液を調製した。
5’-ttttttttttttttttttttt-3’の配列(配列番号:4)からなる一本鎖DNAが50μMの濃度で含まれる50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量100μl)を調製し、これを90℃で5分間インキュベートした後、2℃/分の降温速度で0℃まで冷やし、最後に0℃で2時間インキュベートした。この結果得られる溶液中のDNAは、インキュベート後も一本鎖DNAである(以降、この溶液を一本鎖DNA溶液と呼ぶ)。
5’-AGAAGAGAAAGA-3’の配列(配列番号:5)からなる一本鎖DNAと5’-TCTTTCTCTTCT-3’の配列(配列番号:5のアンチセンス鎖)からなる一本鎖DNAがそれぞれ50μMの濃度で含まれる50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量100μl)を調製し、これを90℃で5分間インキュベートした後、2℃/分の降温速度で0℃まで冷やし、最後に0℃で2時間インキュベートした。上記二種類のDNAは相補的な関係にあるため、このインキュベートの結果、溶液中において両DNAは二本鎖DNAを形成している(以降、この溶液を二本鎖DNA溶液と呼ぶ)。
まず15μMのCopper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltを含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液の場合におけるそれぞれの測定結果を図22(A)および図22(B)に示す。
まず、15μMのNickel(II)phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid、tetrasodium saltを含む50mMHEPES、100mMNaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液の場合におけるそれぞれの測定結果を図23(A)および図23(B)に示す。それぞれの図において、ネガティブコントロールとして実施例1においてNC溶液を用いた結果も併せて示す。
まず、15μMのPhthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acidを含む50mM HEPES、100mM NaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液の場合におけるそれぞれの測定結果を図24(A)および図24(B)に示す。
まず15μMのCobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acidを含む50mMHEPES、100mMNaCl、pH7の溶液(全量20μl)を調製した。次に、このフタロシアニン溶液と上記一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液それぞれとを混合し、この混合液について480~800nmの吸光度を測定した。一本鎖DNA溶液および二本鎖DNA溶液の場合におけるそれぞれの測定結果を、図35(A)および図35(B)に示す。それぞれの図において、ネガティブコントロールとして実施例1においてNC溶液を用いた結果も併せて示す。
上記実施例1および実施例2では、ヒトのテロメア部分の配列と同じ配列からなる一本鎖DNAを用い、パラレル型、アンチパラレル型G-quadruplexのDNAを調製し、配位金属が鉄以外のアニオン性フタロシアニンによってこれらの検出が可能であることや、あるいはこの検出結果を基にして、上記一本鎖DNAを定量的に検出できることを示した。本実施例4では、上記実施例1および実施例2の結果が、ヒトテロメア部分の配列からなるG-quadruplexに限られたものであるのか、それともヒトテロメア部分の配列以外からなるG-quadruplexでも同様の結果が得られるのかについて検討した。
まず5’-ggggttttgggg-3’の配列(配列番号:6)からなる一本鎖DNA(以下、G4T4G4DNAと呼ぶ)と、2.5μMのCopper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltと50mM HEPES、100mM KCl、pH7の溶液(全量100μl)を調製した。G4T4G4DNA配列はヒトテロメア部分の配列とは異なるが、K+存在下においてアニーリング処理することでパラレル型のG-quadruplexを形成することが知られている。上記溶液は、G4T4G4DNA濃度が0、1、2、3、4、5、10μMのものをそれぞれ用意した。
上記<アニオン性銅フタロシアニンによる5’-ggggttttgggg-3’ (配列番号:6)からなるパラレル型G-quadruplex形成DNAの検出>の実験と同様の方法で、Copper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltの代わりに、Nickel(II)phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid、tetrasodium saltを用いて実験を行った。また、G4T4G4DNA濃度は0、1、2、3、4、5、10、25μMとした。結果を図26(A)に示す。これより、G4T4G4DNAが0μMの場合を除き、おおよそ640~720nmの範囲でピークが現れることが分かる。
上記<アニオン性銅フタロシアニンによる5’-ggggttttgggg-3’ (配列番号:6)からなるパラレル型G-quadruplex形成DNAの検出>の実験と同様の方法で、Copper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltの代わりに、Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acidを用いて実験を行った。またG4T4G4DNA濃度は0、1、2、10、25μMとした。結果を図27(A)に示す。これより、G4T4G4DNAが0μMの場合を除き、おおよそ660~740nmの範囲で二つのピークが現れることが分かる。
(配列番号:6)からなるパラレル型G-quadruplex形成DNAの検出>
上記<アニオン性銅フタロシアニンによる5’-ggggttttgggg-3’ (配列番号:6)からなるパラレル型G-quadruplex形成DNAの検出>の実験と同様の方法で、Copper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid、tetrasodium saltの代わりに、Cobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acidを用いて実験を行った。ただし、Cobalt(II)phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acidの濃度は30μMとした。また、G4T4G4DNA濃度は0、5、10、25、50μMとした。結果を図36(A)に示す。これより、G4T4G4DNAが0μMの場合を除き、おおよそ640~720nmの範囲でピークが現れることが分かる。
上記<アニオン性銅フタロシアニンによる5’-ggggttttgggg-3’ (配列番号:6)からなるパラレル型G-quadruplex形成DNAの検出>の実験と同様の方法で、Copper(II)phthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium saltの代わりに、Iron(III)phthalocyanine-4,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid,compound with oxygen monosodium salt hydrateを用いて実験を行った。また、G4T4G4DNA濃度は0、1、2、3、4、5、10、25μMとした。
2 T-A塩基対
3 C-G塩基対
4 G-quadruplex
5 Gカルテット面
6 金属イオン
7 Gカルテット面の化学構造
8 容器
9 G-quadruplex以外のDNA鎖
10 G-quadruplexと結合したプローブ
11 遊離のプローブ
12 Quadruplex予想配列
13 TSプライマー
14 伸長されたTSプライマー
15 PCR用プライマー
16 試料溶液
17 アニオン性フタロシアニンを含む溶液
18 テロメラーゼの基質となる一本鎖DNAを含む溶液整理番号:2040300046 特願2008-137574 (Proof) 提出日:平成20年 5月27日 27/E
19 会合したアニオン性フタロシアニン
20 単量体状態のフタロシアニン
21 G-quadruplexにインターカレートしたアニオン性フタロシアニン
22 平面型フタロシアニン
23 シャトルコック型フタロシアニン
Claims (9)
- 一本鎖構造か二本鎖構造かG-quadruplexの少なくともいずれか一種類以上の構造を形成しているDNAを含む試料溶液中のG-quadruplexを検出する方法であって、
前記方法は、
(a)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(b)前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液と前記試料溶液を混合する工程と、
(c)前記(b)工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(d)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするG-quadruplex検出方法。 - 請求項1に記載のG-quadruplex検出方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、配位金属として銅、亜鉛、コバルト若しくはニッケルを有するアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンであるか、または配位金属を有しないアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンであるG-quadruplex検出方法。 - 請求項1に記載のG-quadruplex検出方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、カルボキシル基、カルボキシル基の金属塩、スルホ基、およびスルホ基の金属塩からなる群より得られる少なくとも一種の官能基を有しているG-quadruplex検出方法。 - 試料溶液中に含まれる一本鎖構造か二本鎖構造のいずれか一種類以上の構造を形成しているDNAがG-quadruplexを形成するか否かについて調べることにより、G-quadruplex形成DNAを検出する方法であって、
前記方法は、
(a)前記試料溶液をG-quadruplex形成反応条件下に置く工程と、
(b)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(c)前記(a)工程の前か後のいずれかにおいて、前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液と前記試料溶液を混合する工程と、
(d)前記(a)~(c)の一連の工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(e)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法。 - 請求項4に記載のG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、銅、亜鉛、コバルトおよびニッケルからなる群より得られる少なくとも一種の金属が配位したアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンであるか、または金属が配位していないアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンのいずれかであるG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法。 - 請求項4に記載のG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、カルボキシル基、カルボキシル基の金属塩、スルホ基、およびスルホ基の金属塩からなる群より得られる少なくとも一種の官能基を有しているG-quadruplex形成DNA検出方法。 - 試料溶液中のテロメラーゼ活性を測定する方法であって、
前記方法は、
(a)前記試料溶液を調製する工程と、
(b)テロメラーゼの基質となるDNAを含む基質溶液を調製する工程と、
(c)前記試料溶液と前記基質溶液を混合し、テロメラーゼ反応溶液を調製する工程と、
(d)前記テロメラーゼ反応溶液をテロメラーゼによるDNA付加反応が行われる条件下に置く工程と、
(e)アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を用意する工程と、
(f)前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンを含む溶液を、前記(d)の工程後に得られる溶液と混合する工程と、
(g)前記(a)~(f)の一連の工程後の混合液の640~740nmの吸光度を測定する工程と、
(h)前記640~740nmに吸収極大を有するピークが現れれば、G-quadruplexの構造を形成しているDNAが前記試料溶液中に含まれると判定する工程と、
を順に含むことを特徴とするテロメラーゼ活性測定方法。 - 請求項7に記載のテロメラーゼ活性測定方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、銅、亜鉛、コバルトおよびニッケルからなる群より得られる少なくとも一種の金属が配位したアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンであるか、または金属が配位していないアニオン性平面型フタロシアニンのいずれかであるテロメラーゼ活性測定方法。 - 請求項7に記載のテロメラーゼ活性測定方法であって、
前記アニオン性平面型フタロシアニンは、カルボキシル基、カルボキシル基の金属塩、スルホ基、およびスルホ基の金属塩からなる群より得られる少なくとも一種の官能基を有しているテロメラーゼ活性測定方法。
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WO2013018260A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | G-quadruplexを用いてフタロシアニン化合物を水に溶解する方法 |
WO2013021536A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | G-quadruplex形成を検出する方法 |
JP2015062388A (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-09 | 学校法人甲南学園 | 核酸鎖の四重螺旋構造の検出方法 |
CN106248758A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-21 | 南京理工大学 | 一种dna探针与电极表面相互作用的分析方法 |
JP2018509406A (ja) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-04-05 | アンスティチュ ナショナル ドゥ ラ サンテ エ ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ メディカル | フィロウイルス感染症の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物 |
CN108956990A (zh) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳市第二人民医院 | 端粒酶活性检测试剂盒及检测方法 |
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CA2954115C (en) * | 2016-10-16 | 2022-04-12 | Neil Gordon | Ultra-sensitive bioanalyte quantification from self-assembled quadruplex tags |
CN116092575A (zh) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | 基于gmns法则的g-dna结构判别方法 |
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US8057989B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2011-11-15 | The University Of Hong Kong | Label-free optical sensing and characterization of biomolecules by d8 or d10 metal complexes |
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JP5260803B1 (ja) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-08-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | G−quadruplexを用いてフタロシアニン化合物を水に溶解する方法 |
WO2013021536A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | G-quadruplex形成を検出する方法 |
JP5216943B1 (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-06-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | G−quadruplex形成を検出する方法 |
JP2015062388A (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-09 | 学校法人甲南学園 | 核酸鎖の四重螺旋構造の検出方法 |
JP2018509406A (ja) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-04-05 | アンスティチュ ナショナル ドゥ ラ サンテ エ ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ メディカル | フィロウイルス感染症の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物 |
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CN101889210B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
US8119347B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
CN101889210A (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
JPWO2009144914A1 (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
US20120094282A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
US8232054B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
US20100173306A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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