WO2009143679A1 - 微功耗无源电子锁 - Google Patents

微功耗无源电子锁 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009143679A1
WO2009143679A1 PCT/CN2008/072218 CN2008072218W WO2009143679A1 WO 2009143679 A1 WO2009143679 A1 WO 2009143679A1 CN 2008072218 W CN2008072218 W CN 2008072218W WO 2009143679 A1 WO2009143679 A1 WO 2009143679A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lock
control circuit
electronic control
circuit board
electronic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/072218
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗士夫
Original Assignee
Luo Shifu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luo Shifu filed Critical Luo Shifu
Priority to EP08800730.7A priority Critical patent/EP2305928A4/en
Priority to AU2008357231A priority patent/AU2008357231A1/en
Priority to JP2011510803A priority patent/JP5331199B2/ja
Priority to CA2724033A priority patent/CA2724033C/en
Publication of WO2009143679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009143679A1/zh
Priority to US12/953,760 priority patent/US8276414B2/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0611—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control
    • E05B47/0619—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor
    • E05B47/0626—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor radially
    • E05B47/063—Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control by blocking the rotor radially with a rectilinearly moveable blocking element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B2047/0014—Constructional features of actuators or power transmissions therefor
    • E05B2047/0018—Details of actuator transmissions
    • E05B2047/0024—Cams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0002—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets
    • E05B47/0003—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets having a movable core
    • E05B47/0005—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets having a movable core said core being rotary movable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0012—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with rotary electromotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/50—Special application
    • Y10T70/5889—For automotive vehicles
    • Y10T70/5973—Remote control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/50—Special application
    • Y10T70/5889—For automotive vehicles
    • Y10T70/5973—Remote control
    • Y10T70/5978—With switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/7068—Actuated after correct combination recognized [e.g., numerical, alphabetical, or magnet[s] pattern]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/7068—Actuated after correct combination recognized [e.g., numerical, alphabetical, or magnet[s] pattern]
    • Y10T70/7073—Including use of a key
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/7068—Actuated after correct combination recognized [e.g., numerical, alphabetical, or magnet[s] pattern]
    • Y10T70/7073—Including use of a key
    • Y10T70/7079—Key rotated [e.g., Eurocylinder]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/7102—And details of blocking system [e.g., linkage, latch, pawl, spring]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/713—Dogging manual operator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00—Locks
    • Y10T70/70—Operating mechanism
    • Y10T70/7051—Using a powered device [e.g., motor]
    • Y10T70/7062—Electrical type [e.g., solenoid]
    • Y10T70/7136—Key initiated actuation of device

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electronic locks. Say
  • the electronic locks that are directly connected to the power supply by the mains or battery and the internal circuit of the lock are collectively referred to as "active electronic locks".
  • active electronic locks Currently widely used IC card books, ID cards, fingerprint recognition and other traditional “active electronic locks", each lock needs to install 4-6 5th battery, battery life is generally 3-12 months, active
  • the use of electronic locks not only consumes a large number of batteries, but also increases the maintenance work such as frequent inspections and battery replacements.
  • the faults caused by poor battery contact and the aging of electronic components in the energized state for a long time also affect the reliability of electronic locks. life.
  • the electronic locks supplied by the mains are not only limited in scope of use, but also have long-term standby power consumption, which is inconvenient for installation, use and maintenance, and is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the lock head uses a linear electromagnetic solenoid as the actuator, the plunger of the linear electromagnetic solenoid after power-off (the limit armature for opening and closing) has no positioning self-locking function (the spring will be immediately after the power is turned off) The plunger is automatically reset), therefore, the linear electromagnetic solenoid must be energized to attract the plunger, and the energization time of the unlocking is as long as about 1 second (that is, waiting for the key to twist the lock cylinder to a certain angle), which consumes more electric energy.
  • the electromechanical conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, only a large-volume, large-capacity battery can be installed in the active electronic key to ensure that the battery has a thousand-time unlocking life, resulting in a large volume of the active electronic key.
  • the rotation angle of the lock cylinder should not be greater than 360° (the lock for the anti-theft door requires the lock cylinder to rotate more than 720°). To achieve the requirement of rotating multiple turns, it will consume Tens of times of unlocking power has no practical value, so it limits the generalization of the lock.
  • MCU microprocessor
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a micro-power passive electronic lock that overcomes the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, that is, the electromechanical conversion efficiency is higher and more power-saving, and the lock cylinder can rotate arbitrarily, and is shock-resistant, generalized, and intelligent.
  • the safer and more environmentally friendly micro-power passive electronic locks replace, replace and upgrade the core and key components of traditional mechanical locks - mechanical locks, expanding the application areas and markets of mechatronic locks.
  • the invention relates to a micro power passive electronic lock, which is composed of a fixed lock body, a rotary lock cylinder and electronic control components. a micro motor 14 , a first positioning switch 15 , a second positioning switch 16 , and a limiting cam 5 , a locking pin 8 , a first positioning switch 15 , and a micro-motor 14 , which are electrically connected to the electronic control circuit board 13
  • the second positioning switch 16 is respectively disposed beside the locking pin 8 and the limiting cam 5, and outputs switching information according to the displacement movement thereof.
  • the limiting cam 5 is mounted on the output shaft of the micro motor 14, and the locking pin 8 is restricted when the locking is blocked.
  • the convex surface 5c of the cam 5, that is, the maximum diameter is placed against the axial displacement movement, and the locking pin 8 is blocked between the rotary lock cylinder and the fixed lock body so that the two cannot be oppositely twisted; the electronic control circuit board 13 is unlocked.
  • the concave surface 5b of the limiting cam 5 is rotated to oppose the locking pin 8.
  • the locking pin 8 moves axially with the lock core twisting, no longer blocks between the fixed lock body and the rotary lock cylinder, and the rotary lock cylinder can be relatively fixed.
  • the lock body is rotated and unlocked; the limit cam 5 driven by the stepped micro motor 14 has a light reflecting surface 5a at a calibration position, and when the light reflecting surface 5a is opposite to the photoelectric reflection type second positioning switch 16 Obtaining the calibration position information, the permanent magnet, or the bump may be used instead of the light reflecting surface 5a to drive the magnetic control, or the electromechanical switch may also obtain the calibration position information for processing by the electronic control circuit board 13 to determine the rotation of the driving limit cam 5. Angle, limit Each rotation of the cam 5 can block or open the axial displacement movement of the locking pin 8, respectively, to obtain the basic function of locking or unlocking the lock; the arm 8a on the locking pin 8 drives the first positioning switch 15 to obtain the lock.
  • the information of the axial displacement movement position of the marble 8 is processed by the electronic control circuit board 13, thereby judging whether the electronic lock cylinder is twisted open.
  • a stepper type micro motor or a rotating solenoid also known as a rotating electromagnet, whose basic working principle is equivalent to that of a stepper type micro motor, its structure is simpler
  • the electromechanical conversion efficiency is much higher than that of a linear electromagnetic solenoid driven load (pressure spring) plunger scheme, the drive current is smaller, the on and off energization time is only tens of milliseconds, and the operating power consumption is linear than the linear solenoid.
  • the solution is reduced by more than one order of magnitude, which means that the same capacity of the battery, the number of unlocks
  • the position of the limit cam on the micro motor shaft has automatic recognition, positioning and self-locking functions. It will not change position due to power failure.
  • the lock cylinder can rotate multiple times without consuming power.
  • the microprocessor in the electronic lock cylinder can judge the dynamic and static position of the limit cam and the locking pin, and the function of sensing the surrounding environment, it can be derived to access the wired or wireless communication network, so that it has New electronic locks with more intelligent and powerful functions, such as real-time remote monitoring, have a wider application.
  • the electronic lock cylinder has high generalization, high standardization, few mechanical parts, compact structure and small size. It is easy to fit into the traditional lock body of various external dimensions, and make independent "passive electronic lock”. ", directly replace, replace, upgrade traditional machinery DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 perspective view of the lock
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the key insertion lock
  • Figure 4 is a key exploded perspective view
  • Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the first embodiment of the lock
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the assembly of the first embodiment of the lock
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the lock head, that is, a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the unlocking state of the first embodiment of the lock head, that is, the AA cross-sectional view of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the lock of the first embodiment;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the lock;
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the lock, i.e., a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the lock, that is, a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 14 is a block diagram of the basic key and lock circuit;
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram of the microprocessor key and lock circuit
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the network monitoring lock. detailed description
  • the typical cylindrical electronic lock is composed of a rotary lock cylinder 1, a front cover 2, and a lock body 3.
  • the front cover 2 and the lock body 3 can be interference-fitted and glued. , welding and other process assembly, three contact electrodes 11 and insulating bushings 12 are embedded in the rotary lock cylinder 1.
  • the shape and structure of the front cover and the lock body can be changed accordingly.
  • the key perspective view is an appearance of an electronic key formed by a combination of a cover 21, a bottom case 22 and a sleeve 23.
  • the key is inserted into the perspective view of the lock head.
  • the electronic key 32 is inserted into the style of the electronic lock 31, and the cooperation relationship is equivalent to that of a general mechanical cylinder key lock.
  • the bottom case 22 is inlaid with a sleeve 23, and the sleeve 23 is embedded with three elastic electrodes 25 separated by an insulator 24, and the bottom control box is provided with an electronic control circuit board 26 and a battery 27. , closed by the cover 21 into one.
  • the first embodiment of the lock head is exploded in perspective view. As shown in Fig. 5, the disassembled electronic lock head can clearly see the relative perspective of the front cover 2, the lock body 3, the rotary lock cylinder 1, the end cover 4 and the like.
  • the position, the bendable flexible electronic control circuit board 13 is equipped with a first positioning switch 15, a second positioning switch 16 and other electronic components, and the three contact electrodes 11 are inserted through the insulating bushing 12 to be embedded in the rotary lock cylinder.
  • the limiting cam 5 to be mounted on the transmission shaft of the micro motor 14 has a light reflecting surface 5a, a convex surface 5c,
  • the concave surface 5b, the end cover 4 can be integrated with the rotary lock cylinder 1 by the fastener 9, and the eccentric post 4a on the end cover 4 is an interface for sliding other mechanical components on the matching lock, and the positioning on the lock body 3
  • the hole 3b is also a limiting hole for locking the pin 8, and the cover 3a is for closing the positioning hole 3b.
  • the front end groove of the rotary lock cylinder 1 is inlaid with a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 6.
  • the first embodiment of the lock is assembled in a sectional view. As shown in FIG. 6, the assembled position of each electronic and mechanical component is shown, including: front cover 2, lock body 3, rotary lock cylinder 1, end cover 4, etc.
  • the first positioning switch 15, the second positioning switch 16 and other electronic components are mounted on the flexible electronic control circuit board 13 disposed in the cavity of the rotary lock cylinder 1, and the three contact electrodes 1 are mounted on the front end of the rotary lock cylinder 1.
  • the second positioning switch 16 has two light reflecting surfaces 5a with respect to the surface of the calibration position, so that the electronic control circuit recognizes the rotation angle of the limiting cam 5 after the electronic control circuit recognizes.
  • the convex surface 5c and the concave surface 5b will Alternately, the movement path of the locking pin 8 is restrained and released, thereby achieving the basic function of prohibiting and permitting the electronic lock cylinder to be twisted, that is, the opening and the closing are controllable.
  • the micro motor 14 in this embodiment selects a stepping type micro motor, so that the rotation angle can be accurately controlled by the electronic control circuit, and the switch quantity signal acquired by the second positioning switch 16 is also used to identify the limit cam 5
  • the second positioning switch 16 plays an important role of detecting the start or end point of the rotation of the limit cam 5; the first positioning switch 15 synchronized with the locking pin 8 can acquire the position of the locking pin 8 The switching signal, so that the control circuit recognizes whether the lock cylinder is twisted open or is in a locked or to be locked state, and the relationship between the second positioning switch 16 and the first positioning switch 15 is further obtained, and the lock state can be further obtained.
  • Other information, for electronic control circuit to judge and process, further description can be seen in Figure 14 and text description. Also shown in the figure are the relative positions of the waterproof, dust seal 6, the cover 3a, the positioning hole 3b, and the offset core 4a.
  • the first embodiment of the lock is in a locked state, that is, a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 6.
  • the lock is in a locked state, and the related mechanical components are: a lock body 3, an end cover 4, a limit cam 5, and a lock pin.
  • the relative position of the compression spring 7 and the cover 3a When the lock is locked, the locking ball 8 is inserted into the positioning hole 3b by the action portion of the compression spring 7, and the locking pin 8 is supported by the convex surface 5c of the limiting cam 5 The axial displacement movement cannot be performed, and the spherical surface is blocked between the rotary lock cylinder and the fixed lock body and positioned so that the two cannot rotate relative to each other.
  • the unlocking state of the first embodiment of the lock head that is, the AA cross-sectional view of Fig. 6, as shown in Fig. 8, the lock head is in an unlocked state, and after the lock cylinder is twisted by 90°, the relevant mechanical parts: the lock body 3 and the end cover 4.
  • the relative position of the limit cam 5, the locking pin 8, the compression spring 7, and the cover 3a This figure has been rotated by 90° with respect to the limit cam 5 in Fig. 7, so that the concave surface 5b is turned to Opposite to the locking pin 8, when the lock cylinder is twisted, the locking pin 8 is axially displaced away from the positioning hole 3b so as not to be blocked from the fixed lock body, and the two can be rotated in any number of turns.
  • the first embodiment of the lock head is locked and unlocked.
  • the cross-sectional view of the second embodiment AA is as shown in Figs. 9 and 10.
  • the working principle, the reference numerals and the descriptions are the same. Please refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 for the text, and the lock is blocked.
  • non-blocking locking pin 8 embodiments are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,823,030, the Cyl inder Lock System, and US 6,155,089, the Electromechanical Cyl inder Lock patent. Equivalent, compared with the scheme disclosed in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8: 1. Open a circular positioning hole on the lock body 3 (ie, 3b in FIGS. 7 and 8), and the positioning feel at the open and closed reference positions is superior to the above patent.
  • the disclosed solution 2.
  • the open V-shaped positioning groove ie, the 3c marked in FIG. 10 recommended by the US Pat. No. 5,823,030 is easier to process, but the V-shaped positioning groove can also be used with the locking of the curved sliding surface. Marbles.
  • the second embodiment of the lock head is assembled in a sectional view.
  • the basic structure and working principle of this embodiment are equivalent to those of the first embodiment, except that one locking arm 8 with an arm is replaced by 1 to 2.
  • the spherical locking pin 8d, the added stroke pin 8e replaces the function of the upper arm of the locking pin 8, that is, when the stroke pin 8e and the locking pin 8d are synchronously displaced from the respective positioning holes, the first positioning switch 15 is driven by the stroke pin 8e.
  • the outer diameter of the cam 55 is larger than the cam 5 in the first embodiment.
  • the second embodiment of the lock head is in a closed state AA cross-sectional view, as shown in FIG. 12, the lock head is in a locked state related mechanical parts: the relative position of the end cover 4, the limit cam 55, and the locking pin 8d, the locking pin 8d is placed In the guide hole 10b of the end cover 4, the locking pin 8d is held by the convex surface of the limiting cam 55, blocked between the rotary lock cylinder and the fixed lock body and positioned.
  • the second embodiment of the lock head is in a sectional view of the unlocking state AA.
  • the lock head is in an unlocked state, the limit cam 55 is rotated by 90°, the lock cylinder is rotated and then rotated by 90°, and the related mechanical parts: the end cover 4.
  • the basic key and lock circuit block diagram as shown in Figure 14, the left part of the figure is the basic active electronic key circuit solution, gpZL99203695.
  • the battery 51 and the cryptographic chip in the key ID-52 is connected to three electrodes 25 respectively; when the three electrodes 25 on the key are in contact with the three electrodes 11 on the right lock of the figure, the power supply on the key is sent to the internal circuit of the lock, and the resistor R- 53 Feed the power back to the cipher chip ID-52 in the key, so that the microprocessor MCU-55 can read the ID in the key through the data electrode, and the ID set in the MCU-55 and the ID in the cryptographic chip 52— Therefore, when the stroke switch K1-15 is in the closed state, that is, when the spherical surface of the locking marble is embedded in the positioning hole of the lock body, the photoelectric reflection type positioning switch K2-16 detects the light reflection signal on the limit cam 5, MCU- 55 issues an unlocking command, and the stepping motor driver IC-57 drives the stepping micromotor 14 to rotate by 90°.
  • the concave surface on the limiting cam 5 is opposite to the locking marble, and the open locking marble allows axial displacement movement, and the locking head is unlocked.
  • rotary lock cylinder When the K1-15 is closed, that is, when the spherical surface of the locking pin is embedded in the positioning hole of the lock body, the K2-16 can not detect the light reflection signal on the limit cam, and the MCU-55 will issue the lock.
  • the command, the stepping motor driver IC-57 drives the stepping micromotor 14 to rotate 90° again.
  • the convex surface of the limiting cam that is, the maximum diameter position, resists the locking pin, preventing the axial displacement movement, the lock cylinder Unable to twist, the lock enters the locked state; if K1-15 is open, the lock cylinder has been twisted, the lock pin has left the positioning hole, and the MCU-55 does not drive the stepped micro motor 14 to rotate. instruction.
  • a light-emitting diode LED-54 can also be installed in the lock to indicate the state when the lock is in operation.
  • the cipher chip ID-52 referenced in this embodiment can be selected by Dallas Semiconductor (DALLAS brand) in the mid-1990s. It is widely used in 1-1982 series single-chip ICs such as DS1990 or DS1994 for electronic locks.
  • the former only A 64-bit ID, except for the ID for password identification and unlocking, other additional functions are simpler, and the latter not only has a 64-bit ID, but also includes a real-time clock and rewritable memory, which can be stored for several times and open and locked for a long time.
  • lock and key number data and many other functions; MCU-55 in the lock can be selected from
  • An 8-bit microprocessor with rewritable data memory can record and save a number of related data.
  • the data obtained by the key can be read by the computer system. The method of writing and reading data is described in detail in the company's product technical manual. , will not repeat here.
  • microprocessor key and lock circuit block diagram as shown in Figure 15, the basic working principle is equivalent to that described in Figure 14. It is well known that the key can also use the microprocessor MCU-60, real-time clock 62, rewritable memory. Chips such as FRAM-61 form a typical minimum single-chip system to replace the multi-function single-chip cipher chip ID-52 (DS1994) in Figure 14. The system can set the password ID, record and save multiple open and lock times. In addition to the basic functions of related data, other additional functions can be extended. The size of the FRAM-61 in the key and lock determines the amount of data related to the time-related opening and closing records recorded in the key and the lock.
  • the data can also be read by a computer system, LED-63 and buzzer 64 are used to prompt multiple execution states or functions, and switch K3-65 is used to set whether the key is to send an unlock or a lock command, which is used to control the rotation of multiple turns.
  • the lock is necessary.
  • the communication monitoring interface 59 can be taken from the microprocessor MCU-60 in the lock head, and the wireless communication network can be connected to realize the remote real-time monitoring such as the advanced "active electronic lock".
  • the sensing component 66 can be selected according to requirements. To detect the destructive external force impact information, an acceleration sensor chip can be selected. To detect the ambient temperature information, a temperature sensing chip can be selected, and the MCU-60 connected to the lock head can be connected. Processing on.
  • networking not only can you obtain advanced general functions such as real-time remote monitoring, but also realize dual control unlocking functions, such as: centralized control unlocking through the network. This feature is very useful in some applications (such as when a fire occurs). Important, even if the network is " ⁇ ", the active "electronic lock key” can still be unlocked. Due to the extremely low power consumption of the micro-power passive electronic lock opening and blocking, the distance of remote unlocking through the network can be greatly increased.
  • the "active electronic lock system" which is monitored by network and distributed semi-centralized power, once the network fails or is powered off, the electronic key of the passive IC card type cannot be unlocked. Otherwise, a large number of devices need to be arranged near the lock.
  • the distributed backup battery increases the complexity of the system, and the maintenance cost is very high, which is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • a method of embedding a permanent magnet on a limit cam to drive a magnetic control switch (such as a Hall effect switch, a reed switch, etc.), or forming a bump on a limit cam to drive an electromechanical switch, and adopting The method of obtaining the switching amount information by the photoelectric reflection type switch is equivalent.
  • Software programming, data reading and writing, networking communication, circuit hardware structure, stepping micro-motor and rotary solenoid working principle of single-chip microprocessor are detailed in related medium-level textbooks and technical literature. Electronic technology, single-chip computer technology, and automatic control technicians are known, and need not be described.

Description

微功耗无源电子锁 技术领域
本发明属于电子锁具领域。 说
背景技术
采用市电或电池与锁体内电路直接连接供电的电子锁具， 我们统称 为"有源电子锁"。 目前广泛应用的 IC卡书、 ID卡、指紋识别等传统的"有 源电子锁"，每把锁均需安装 4-6枚 5号电池， 电池工作寿命一般为 3-12 个月， 有源电子锁使用中不仅消耗大量电池， 也增加了经常检查、 更换 电池等维护工作， 因电池接触不良、 电子元器件长期处在通电状态易老 化而产生的故障， 也影响到电子锁具的可靠性和寿命。 采用市电供电的 电子锁具， 不仅使用范围受到限制， 长年的待机功耗也不容小觑， 给安 装、 使用、 维护带来诸多不便， 均不利于环保。
1999年， ZL99203695.X《电子锁钥匙》 专利公开了基本的有源 "电 子锁钥匙"技术方案， 钥匙内不仅含有产生开锁密码的 IC 芯片， 更将 电子锁的工作电池移植到了电子钥匙内， 该项专利技术结合 ZL99207205.0《电控锁电子定位装置》、 ZL99202022.0《电动锁脱扣装置》 (世界知识产权组识专利号： WO0042278; 美国专利号： US6,502,870; 欧洲专利号： EP1167663; 澳大利亚专利号： AU752034B ) 成套专利技 术， 开发出了一系列使用有源 "电子锁钥匙"工作的低功耗 "无源电子 锁"， "无源电子锁"易安装、 易使用、 省电环保， 可靠性和使用寿命明 显优于 "有源电子锁"， 但以上成套专利技术尚不能开发出体积小到一 般通用机械锁头大小， 能直接取代、 替换 "机械锁头" 的 "无源电子锁 头"。
2000年，美国 US6,615,625《电子锁定系统》 (Electronic Locking System) 专利（中国专利号： ZL01804076.4、 ZL200710108769.5)公开了一种采用 有源 "电子锁钥匙"技术， 开发出了体积为一般机械锁头大小的 "无源 电子锁头"， 并推向了市场。
其不足之处：
1、 由于该锁头选用了线性电磁螺线管作为执行元件， 断电后线性电 磁螺线管的柱塞 (开、 闭锁用限位衔铁)无定位自锁功能 （断电后压簧即 刻将柱塞自动复位）， 因此， 线性电磁螺线管必须通电吸住柱塞， 开锁 通电时间长达 1秒钟左右 (即等待钥匙扭转锁芯到一定角度的时间)， 消 耗了较多电能， 其机电转换效率低， 因此， 只能选用较大体积、 较大容 量的电池安装在有源电子钥匙内， 才能保证电池有上千次的开锁寿命， 导致有源电子钥匙体积偏大。
2、 因断电后柱塞无自锁功能， 以致锁芯旋转角度不宜大于 360° (— 般防盗门用锁头要求锁芯旋转 720°以上）， 若要达到旋转多圈的要求， 将消耗数十倍的开锁电能， 已无实用价值， 因此， 局限了锁头的通用化 范围。
3、 因锁芯内电子控制电路中的微处理器（MCU)无法识别锁芯中销 钉和柱塞的动态及静态机械位置， 也就无法真正识别锁头的开、 闭合状 态， 因此， 不能满足通过有线网络、 无线网络实现远程监控等智能化、 安全性更高的要求。
2004 年， ZL200410037420.3 《智能无源电子锁头》 专利公开了一种 采用有源 "电子锁钥匙"技术的 "无源电子锁头" 的实施方案。 其不足 之处是： 由于仍选用线性电磁螺线管技术 （电磁铁） 作为执行元件， 对 机械动作元件的动、静态位置无识别能力，仍存在 ZL01804076.4专利技 术中的 3点不足， 该专利中没有阐述防止外力冲击误开锁的相关措施， 若在锁头上施加冲击力， 会导致动齿阖依惯性轴向窜动与被动齿阖咬 合， 这样， 用锤子或重物打击锁头即可能开锁。 发明内容
本发明目的： 提供一种克服上述现有技术不足的微功耗无源电子锁 头， 即机电转换效率更高、 更省电， 锁芯能任意旋转多圈， 抗冲击、 通 用化、 智能化、 安全性更高、 更环保的微功耗无源电子锁头， 以取代、 替换、 升级传统机械锁具的核心和关键部件- -机械锁头， 拓展机电一体 化锁具的应用领域和市场。
技术解决方案：
本发明涉及一种微功耗无源电子锁头， 由固定锁头体、 旋转锁芯和 电子控制部件等组成。 旋转锁芯 1 中安装有电子控制电路板 13并与之 电连接的微型电动机 14、 第一定位开关 15、 第二定位开关 16， 以及限 位凸轮 5、 锁定弹子 8， 第一定位开关 15、 第二定位开关 16分别设置在 锁定弹子 8和限位凸轮 5的旁边， 随其位移运动而发出开关量信息， 微 型电动机 14输出轴上安装了限位凸轮 5， 闭锁时锁定弹子 8被限位凸轮 5的凸面 5c， 即最大直径处顶住而不能作轴向位移运动， 锁定弹子 8阻 塞在旋转锁芯与固定锁头体之间， 使两者不能相对扭转； 电子控制电路 板 13发出开锁指令， 限位凸轮 5的凹面 5b转动至与锁定弹子 8相对， 锁定弹子 8随锁芯扭转而轴向移动， 不再阻塞在固定锁头体与旋转锁芯 之间， 旋转锁芯可相对固定锁头体转动开锁； 由步进式微型电动机 14 驱动的限位凸轮 5标定位置有光反射面 5a，光反射面 5a与光电反射型第 二定位开关 16位置相对时， 将获得标定位置信息， 亦可用永磁体， 或 凸点取代光反射面 5a，驱动磁控，或机电开关同样可获得标定位置信息， 供电子控制电路板 13处理， 以确定驱动限位凸轮 5的旋转角度， 限位 凸轮 5每旋转 90°, 可分别阻止或开放锁定弹子 8的轴向位移运动， 即 获得闭锁或开启锁头的基本功能；锁定弹子 8上的臂杆 8a驱动第一定位 开关 15， 以获得锁定弹子 8 轴向位移运动位置的信息， 供电子控制电 路板 13处理， 进而判断电子锁芯是否被扭转开启。
优点及效果：
1. 用步进式微型电动机或旋转螺线管 (又名：旋转电磁铁，其基本 工作原理与步进式微型电动机等同，其结构更简单)作为执行元 件驱动无负荷的限位凸轮方案， 比用线性电磁螺线管驱动有负 荷 (压簧)柱塞方案的机电转换效率高许多， 驱动电流更小， 开、 闭锁通电时间只需数十毫秒， 其工作功耗比线性电磁螺线管方 案降低 1个数量级以上， 这意味相同容量的电池， 其开锁次数
(电池寿命） 为线性电磁螺线管方案锁头的十倍以上， 开、 闭 锁功耗甚微， 因此， 可使用更小体积、容量的电池， 以适应省、 小、 轻、 薄， 更环保的现代潮流。
2. 微型电动机转轴上的限位凸轮转动位置有自动识别、 定位、 自 锁功能， 不会因断电而改变位置， 在不消耗电能状态下， 锁芯 能任意旋转多圈。
3. 没有线性电磁螺线管柱塞样式可轴向惯性运动零件， 因此， 在 锁头上任何方向施加冲击力都不会导致误开锁。
4. 因电子锁芯内的微处理器可判断限位凸轮及锁定弹子的动、 静 态位置， 及感知周边环境信息等功能， 因此， 可派生出能接入 有线或无线通信网络， 使之具有实时远程监控等智能化程度更 高、 功能更强大的新型电子锁头， 应用面更广阔。
5. 电子锁芯的通用化、标准化程度高，机械零部件少、结构紧凑、 体积小， 容易配套嵌入传统的、 各种外形尺寸的锁头体中， 制 成独立的 "无源电子锁头"， 直接取代、 替换、 升级传统机械 附图说明
图 1锁头透视图；
图 2钥匙透视图；
图 3钥匙插入锁头透视图；
图 4钥匙分解透视图；
图 5锁头第一实施例分解透视图；
图 6锁头第一实施例组装剖视图；
图 7锁头第一实施例闭锁状态， 即图 6的 A-A截面剖视图； 图 8锁头第一实施例开锁状态， 即图 6的 A-A截面剖视图； 图 9锁头第一实施例闭锁状态第二实施例 A-A截面剖视图； 图 10锁头第一实施例开锁状态第二实施例 A-A截面剖视图； 图 11锁头第二实施例组装剖视图；
图 12锁头第二实施例闭锁状态， 即图 11的 A-A截面剖视图； 图 13锁头第二实施例开锁状态， 即图 11的 A-A截面剖视图； 图 14基本的钥匙与锁头电路框图；
图 15微处理器钥匙与锁头电路框图；
图 16可联网监控锁头剖视图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
锁头透视图， 如图 1所示， 典型的圆筒形电子锁头由旋转锁芯 1、 前 盖 2、 锁头体 3组成， 前盖 2与锁头体 3可采用过盈配合、 粘、 焊接等 工艺组装， 3个接触电极 11与绝缘衬套 12镶嵌在旋转锁芯 1上。 当锁 头与不同品种的机械锁具配套时， 前盖和锁头体外形及结构可作相应改 变， 前盖与锁头体的配合也有多种方法， 其配套及配合方法与一般传统 机械锁头基本相同。
钥匙透视图， 如图 2所示， 由盖 21、 底盒 22和套筒 23组合而成的 一种电子钥匙外观造型。
钥匙插入锁头透视图， 如图 3所示， 电子钥匙 32插入电子锁头 31 的样式， 其配合关系与一般机械圆筒钥匙锁等同。
钥匙分解透视图， 如图 4所示， 底盒 22上镶嵌了套筒 23， 套筒 23 内镶嵌了由绝缘体 24隔离的 3个弹性电极 25， 底盒内装入电子控制电 路板 26、 电池 27， 由盖 21封闭成一体。
锁头第一实施例分解透视图， 如图 5所示， 分解后的电子锁头， 能 清晰看到前盖 2、 锁头体 3、 旋转锁芯 1、 端盖 4等零部件的相对透视位 置， 可折弯的柔性电子控制电路板 13上装配了第一定位开关 15、 第二 定位开关 16和其他电子元器件， 3个接触电极 1 1穿过绝缘衬套 12将镶 嵌在旋转锁芯 1上， 还有带有臂杆 8a的锁定弹子 8、压簧 7将装入导向 孔 10a中； 待安装在微型电动机 14传动轴上的限位凸轮 5上有光反射 面 5a、 凸面 5c、 凹面 5b， 端盖 4可用紧固件 9与旋转锁芯 1结合为一 体， 端盖 4上的偏芯柱 4a是拨动配套锁具上其他连动机械构件的接口， 锁头体 3上的定位孔 3b同时也是锁定弹子 8的限位孔， 封盖 3a用于封 闭定位孔 3b， 旋转锁芯 1前端凹槽内镶嵌了防水、 防尘密封圈 6。
锁头第一实施例组装剖视图， 如图 6所示， 图中示出了各电子与机 械零部件的组装位置， 包括： 前盖 2、锁头体 3、旋转锁芯 1、端盖 4等， 安置在旋转锁芯 1空腔内的柔性电子控制电路板 13上安装了第一定位 开关 15、 第二定位开关 16和其他电子元器件， 镶嵌在旋转锁芯 1前端 的 3个接触电极 1 1穿过绝缘衬套 12与电子控制电路板 13电气连接， 电子控制电路板 13中央的空间装入微型电动机 14; 导向孔 10a中安装 了压簧 7、 锁定弹子 8， 锁定弹子 8上的臂杆 8a驱动第一定位开关 15; 由微型电动机 14驱动的限位凸轮 5在端盖 4中可自由转动， 限位凸轮 5 与光电反射型第二定位开关 16相对标定位置的表面有 2处光反射面 5a， 以便电子控制电路识别后控制限位凸轮 5的转动角度， 当限位凸轮 5每 转动 90°, 凸面 5c、 凹面 5b将交替出现， 顶住和放开锁定弹子 8的运动 路径， 进而达到禁止和许可电子锁芯扭转， 即开、 闭锁可控的基本功能。 本实施例中的微型电动机 14选用了步进式微型电动机， 因此， 可由电 子控制电路精确控制其旋转角度， 第二定位开关 16所获取的开关量信 号， 还用于识别限位凸轮 5上的 2个正交位置， 即光反射面 5a， 克服因 各种因素导致的步进式微型电动机失步而导致限位凸轮 5滞留在不希望 的非正交位置， 为再次旋转时使限位凸轮 5修正到同步正交位置， 第二 定位开关 16起到检测限位凸轮 5旋转时的起始或终止点的重要作用； 与锁定弹子 8同步动作的第一定位开关 15可获取锁定弹子 8位置的开 关量信号， 以便控制电路识别锁芯是否被扭转开启或处于闭锁或待闭锁 状态， 利用第二定位开关 16与第一定位开关 15信号的和、 差关系， 还 可进一步获得锁头状态的其他信息， 供电子控制电路判断和处理， 进一 步说明可参见图 14及文字说明。 本图中还示出了防水、 防尘密封圈 6、 封盖 3a及定位孔 3b、 偏芯柱 4a的相对位置。
锁头第一实施例闭锁状态， 即图 6的 A-A截面剖视图， 如图 7所示， 锁头处于闭锁状态， 相关机械零部件： 锁头体 3、 端盖 4、 限位凸轮 5、 锁定弹子 8、 压簧 7、 封盖 3a所处的相对位置， 闭锁时， 锁定弹子 8受 压簧 7的作用部分球面嵌入了定位孔 3b中， 锁定弹子 8被限位凸轮 5 的凸面 5c 顶住而不能作轴向位移运动， 其球面阻塞在旋转锁芯与固定 锁头体之间并被定位， 使两者不能相对转动。
锁头第一实施例开锁状态， 即图 6的 A-A截面剖视图， 如图 8所示， 锁头处于开锁状态， 锁芯扭转 90°后， 相关机械零部件： 锁头体 3、 端盖 4、 限位凸轮 5、 锁定弹子 8、 压簧 7、 封盖 3a所处的相对位置， 此图相 对于图 7中的限位凸轮 5已被微型电动机旋转了 90°, 使凹面 5b转至与 锁定弹子 8相对， 扭转锁芯时， 锁定弹子 8作轴向位移离开定位孔 3b， 使之与固定锁头体之间不被阻塞， 两者能作任意圈数的相对转动。
锁头第一实施例闭锁、开锁状态第二实施例 A-A截面剖视图，如图 9、 10所示， 其工作原理、 标号及说明相同， 请参见图 7、 图 8说明文字， 而锁头中阻塞和非阻塞锁定弹子 8的实施方案与美国 US5, 823， 030《锁 头系统》 （Cyl inder Lock System)专利和 US6, 155 , 089 《机电式锁头》 (Electromechanical Cyl inder Lock)专利所公开方案等同， 与图 7、 图 8中公开的方案对比： 1、在锁头体 3上开圆形定位孔（即图 7、 8中 3b)， 在开、 闭锁基准位置的定位手感优于上述专利公开的方案； 2、 比 US5, 823， 030专利推荐的开 V形定位槽（即图 10中标注的 3c)方案更容易加 工， 但采用 V形定位槽亦可配合使用弧形滑动面的锁定弹子。
锁头第二实施例组装剖视图， 如图 11所示， 此实施例的基本结构和 工作原理与第一实施例是等同的， 只是将 1个带臂杆的锁定弹子 8换成 了 1至 2个球形锁定弹子 8d， 增加的行程弹子 8e取代锁定弹子 8上臂 杆的功能，即行程弹子 8e与锁定弹子 8d同步位移离开各自的定位孔时， 由行程弹子 8e驱动第一定位开关 15动作。 而凸轮 55的外径比第一实 施例中的凸轮 5要大一些。
锁头第二实施例闭锁状态 A-A截面剖视图， 如图 12所示， 锁头处于 闭锁状态相关机械零部件： 端盖 4、 限位凸轮 55、 锁定弹子 8d所处的 相对位置， 锁定弹子 8d安置在端盖 4的导向孔 10b中， 锁定弹子 8d被 限位凸轮 55的凸面顶住， 阻塞在旋转锁芯与固定锁头体之间并被定位。
锁头第二实施例开锁状态 A-A截面剖视图， 如图 13 所示， 锁头处于 开锁状态， 限位凸轮 55先旋转 90°, 转旋锁芯而后扭转了 90°, 相关机 械零部件： 端盖 4、 限位凸轮 55、 锁定弹子 8d所处的相对位置。 基本的钥匙与锁头电路框图， 如图 14所示， 图左部为基本的有源电 子钥匙电路方案， gpZL99203695. X《电子锁钥匙》专利公开的技术方案， 钥匙内的电池 51和密码芯片 ID-52分别与 3个电极 25相连； 当钥匙上 的 3个电极 25与图右部锁头上的 3个电极 11接触后， 钥匙上的电源送 达锁头内电路， 同时通过电阻 R-53 将电源反馈至钥匙中的密码芯片 ID-52 , 使微处理器 MCU-55 经过数据电极能读取到钥匙中的 ID , 当 MCU-55中设定的 ID与密码芯片 52中的 ID—致， 同时行程开关 K1-15为 闭合状态， 即锁定弹子的球面嵌入到锁头体的定位孔中时， 光电反射型 定位开关 K2 -16检测到限位凸轮 5上的光反射信号， MCU-55发出开锁 指令， 通过步进电机驱动 IC-57驱动步进式微型电动机 14旋转 90°, 限 位凸轮 5上的凹面与锁定弹子相对，开放锁定弹子允许作轴向位移运动， 锁头处于开锁状态， 旋转锁芯可自由扭转； 当 K1-15 为闭合状态， 即锁 定弹子的球面嵌入到锁头体的定位孔中时， K2-16 又检测不到限位凸轮 上的光反射信号， MCU-55才会发出闭锁指令， 通过步进电机驱动 IC-57 驱动步进式微型电动机 14又旋转 90°, 此时， 限位凸轮的凸面， 即最大 直径位置顶住锁定弹子， 阻止其作轴向位移运动， 锁芯无法扭转， 锁头 进入了闭锁状态； 若 K1-15 为开启状态， 则说明锁芯已被扭转， 锁定弹 子已离开了定位孔， MCU-55则不会发出驱动步进式微型电动机 14旋转 的指令。锁头中亦可安装发光二极管 LED-54用于指示锁头执行工作时的 状态。
本实施例中所引用的密码芯片 ID-52可选用 Dallas Semiconductor 公司（DALLAS品牌）于 20世纪 90年代中推出， 广泛应用于电子锁具的 DS1990或 DS1994等 1- Wire系列单片 IC, 前者仅有一个 64位 ID, 除 ID用于密码识别开锁外， 其他附加功能较简单， 而后者不仅有一个 64 位 ID, 还包含有实时时钟和可擦写存储器， 可长期保存若干次与开、 闭 锁时间、 锁头及钥匙编号数据等多项功能； 锁头中的 MCU-55 可选用自 带可擦写数据存储器的 8位微处理器， 即可记录并保存若干相关数据， 通过钥匙获得的数据可用计算机系统读取， 写入及读取数据方法在该公 司产品技术手册中有详尽介绍， 此处不再复述。
微处理器钥匙与锁头电路框图， 如图 15所示， 其基本工作原理与图 14 内容描述的等同， 众所周知， 钥匙中亦可采用微处理器 MCU-60、 实 时时钟 62、可擦写存储器 FRAM-61等芯片， 组成一个典型的最小单片机 系统， 以取代图 14中的多功能单片密码芯片 ID-52 (DS1994)， 该系统可 自行设置密码 ID,记录并保存多次开、闭锁时间等相关数据基本功能外， 亦可扩展其他附加功能， 钥匙及锁头中 FRAM-61容量的大小， 决定了与 时间相关的开、 闭锁记录在钥匙和锁头中数据量的多少， 其记录的数据 也可用计算机系统读取， LED-63与蜂呜器 64用于提示多项执行状态或 功能， 开关 K3-65用于设定钥匙是发送开锁还是闭锁指令， 这在用于控 制旋转多圈的锁头中是必要的。 需要时还可从锁头中微处理器 MCU-60 上引出通信监控接口 59， 接入有、 无线通信网络， 实现高级 "有源电子 锁"才具有的远程实时监控等智能化程度更强的功能。 传感元器件 66 可根据需要选用， 若要检测破坏性外力冲击信息， 可选用加速度传感芯 片， 若要检测环境温度信息， 可选用温度传感芯片等， 连接到锁头内的 MCU-60上进行处理。 图中标号与图 14中相同的元器件， 其功能亦相同。 上面简要的阐述了典型的由多片 IC 组成的最小单片机系统基本组成及 工作原理， 若选用单片 MCU内集成了较大容量可擦写数据存储器和实时 时钟的微处理器芯片， 用于钥匙和锁头中， 其电路结构将更为简洁， 显 然， 控制电路部件中的元器件组合方式有多种选择， 按实际需要的实用 功能亦可作适当增、 減， 但其基本结构及工作方式並未脱离 ZL99203695. X《电子锁钥匙》 专利公开的技术方案。
可联网监控锁头剖视图，如图 16所示，在端盖 4上开一个出线孔 4b， 即可将联网监控接口导线 17从电子控制电路板 13上引出实现单独监控 或联网， 不仅可获得实时远程监控等高级常规功能外， 还可实现双重控 制开锁功能， 如： 通过网络可集中控制开锁 ， 这项特色功能在某些应 用场合 (如： 火灾发生时）是非常重要的， 即便网络 "瘫痪"， 有源 "电 子锁钥匙"仍可开锁。 因微功耗无源电子锁头开、 闭锁功耗极低， 可大 大增加通过网络集中遥控开锁的距离。 而目前由网络监控、 分布式半集 中供电的 "有源电子锁系统"， 一旦网络出现故障或停电， 用无源的 IC 卡类的电子钥匙是无法开锁的， 否则需要在锁的附近配置大量的分布式 后备电池， 增加了系统的复杂性， 维护成本甚高， 更不利于环保。
在限位凸轮上标定位置镶嵌永磁体去驱动磁控开关 (如： 霍尔效应开 关、 干簧管等）， 或在限位凸轮上标定位置形成凸点去驱动机电式开关 的方法， 与采用光电反射型开关获得定位开关量信息的方法是等同的。 单片微处理器的软件编程、 数据读写、 联网通信、 电路硬件结构、 步进 式微电动机及旋转螺线管的工作原理， 在相关中等专业教科书及技术文 献中均有详述， 为一般从事电子技术、 单片计算机技术、 自动控制技术 人员所知晓， 无需赘述。
本实施例中所列其他未标示型号之电子元器件， 有众多品牌、 品种 可供选择， 均为市场上已有产品， 不作任何限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种微功耗无源电子锁头， 主要由固定锁头体、 旋转锁芯、 电子控 制电路部件组成， 其特征是： 旋转锁芯 (1)内安装有电子控制电路板 (13) 并与之电连接的微型电动机 (14)或旋转螺线管，微型电动机 (14)或旋转螺 线管驱动限位凸轮 (5)旋转， 由电子控制电路发出相关指令， 使限位凸轮 (5)旋转至限制或开放锁定弹子 (8)的位置，从而控制旋转锁芯处于闭锁或 开锁状态。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的微功耗无源电子锁头，其特征是： 限位凸轮 (5) 每旋转 1周， 其外表面包括至少一个凸面 (5c)与一个锁定弹子 (8)相对， 限制锁定弹子 (8)移动。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 限位 凸轮 (5)每旋转 1周， 其外表面包括至少一个凹面 (5b)与一个锁定弹子相 对， 开放锁定弹子 (8)移动。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 在锁定弹子 (8)或行程弹子 (8e)的旁边设置了与电子控制电路板 (13)电连 接的第一定位开关 (15)，锁定弹子 (8)或行程弹子 (8e)的位移驱动第一定位 开关 (15)， 即获得该位置供电子控制电路处理的开关量信息。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 限位凸轮 (5)上包括至少一个光反射面 (5a)或永磁体或凸点， 电子控制电 路板 (13)电连接光电反射型第二定位开关 (16)或磁控定位开关或机电定 位开关， 当光反射面 (5a)与光电反射型第二定位开关 (16)位置相对时， 或 永磁体与磁控定位开关位置相对时， 或凸点与机电定位开关位置相对 时， 即获得该位置供电子控制电路处理的开关量信息。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 锁定 弹子 (8)移动或被凸面 (5c)顶住时， 锁定弹子 (8)下端的部分球面或滑动面 可嵌入固定锁头体上相对应的定位孔 (3b)中。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 锁定弹子 (8)也可采用至少一个以上的球形弹子。
8、 根据权利要求 1 所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 电子控制 电路板 (13)上可电连接导线 (17)从旋转锁芯 (1)的尾端引出， 用于连接外 部控制电路或网络。
9、 根据权利要求 1 所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其特征是： 电子控制 电路板 (13)上可电连接传感元器件， 用来感知和处理周边环境信息。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 4或 5或 8或 9所述的微功耗无源电子锁头， 其 特征是： 电子控制电路板 (13)采用的是柔性印制电路板 (FPC), 成形后安 装在旋转锁芯 (1)内部的有限空间内。
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US8276414B2 (en) 2012-10-02
JP2011523687A (ja) 2011-08-18
CN101591994A (zh) 2009-12-02
JP5331199B2 (ja) 2013-10-30
US20110067465A1 (en) 2011-03-24
CA2724033A1 (en) 2009-12-03
CN101591994B (zh) 2012-06-27
EP2305928A4 (en) 2014-10-29
EP2305928A1 (en) 2011-04-06
CA2724033C (en) 2014-07-08

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