WO2014067387A1 - 电子锁芯结构及电子钥匙 - Google Patents

电子锁芯结构及电子钥匙 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014067387A1
WO2014067387A1 PCT/CN2013/085121 CN2013085121W WO2014067387A1 WO 2014067387 A1 WO2014067387 A1 WO 2014067387A1 CN 2013085121 W CN2013085121 W CN 2013085121W WO 2014067387 A1 WO2014067387 A1 WO 2014067387A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
push rod
lock core
key
block
electromagnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/085121
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁晓彬
丁端尘
Original Assignee
Ding Xiaobin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ding Xiaobin filed Critical Ding Xiaobin
Publication of WO2014067387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014067387A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0611Cylinder locks with electromagnetic control
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B2047/0048Circuits, feeding, monitoring
    • E05B2047/0065Saving energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic lock cylinder and an actuator thereof, and more particularly to a passive electronic lock cylinder. Background technique
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to change the state in which the electronic lock must be connected to the power source to limit the application, and propose a practical solution capable of realizing low power consumption of the electronic lock cylinder.
  • the invention proposes an effective solution for the large power consumption of the electronic lock cylinder actuator according to the basic principle of electromagnetics, and the actuator body of the electronic lock cylinder consumes a small amount of electricity through a clever mechanical structure design, so that a section The ordinary 5th battery can be unlocked tens of thousands of times. Therefore, the passive operation of the electronic code lock can be realized by simply placing a dry battery in the key.
  • the present invention provides an electronic lock cylinder that cooperates with a key with a battery and stores a password, and includes: an outer fixing sleeve; a lock core body installed in the outer fixing sleeve, and opposite to the outer a fixing sleeve is rotated; an electromagnet is disposed in the lock core body, and has a suction cup capable of generating suction force when energized; an armature disposed in the lock core body and integrally formed with a linkage; the following spring, the following The force of the spring tends to move the armature in a direction away from the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet; a password recognition and control circuit is provided in the lock core, capable of being powered by the battery of the key, and determining whether the password on the key is correct And supplying power to the electromagnet when the password is correct; contacting the triggering device, the contact triggering device includes a pressing block, and pressing the armature toward the surface of the suction cup of the electromagnet by the force applied by
  • the contact triggering device may further include a return spring and a push rod, the press block being connected to the push rod and opposite to one side of the linkage, the pressure block being further connected to the reset a spring, the return spring pushes the linkage and the armature toward the suction cup of the electromagnet through the pressing block, the following spring is disposed between the surface of the electromagnet chuck and the linkage; when unlocking, inserting the key to push the push rod to press the block When jacking up, at the same time, the password recognition circuit judges the password on the key.
  • the linkage member is formed with a toggle protrusion
  • the inner wall of the execution block is formed with a dial groove.
  • the toggle protrusion is held in the dial groove, thereby rotating
  • the key can drive the execution block to rotate together by pushing the protruding block to push the movement groove; if the password is incorrect, the toggle protrusion of the linkage member is pushed into the cavity by the following spring to push into the cavity, and rotates
  • the key only causes the toggle block to idle, and the execution block does not rotate.
  • the outer fixing sleeve is provided with a rotating groove and a positioning groove
  • the locking core body is provided with a positioning pin
  • the pushing rod is provided with a guiding locking member; in the locked state, the guiding locking member is located at the Outside the rotary groove, the lock core cannot be rotated; in the case where the push rod pushes up the press block, the guide lock member is pushed into the rotary groove with the movement of the push rod, and the lock core body can be acted by the positioning pin Rotate along the positioning groove inside the outer fixing sleeve.
  • the contact triggering device further includes a rotary block, a guide locking member disposed at the end of the press block, and disposed on the inner side of the outer fixed sleeve of a limiting platform, and a locking groove disposed axially on an inner side of the outer fixing sleeve and a circumferentially disposed rotating groove;
  • the rotating block is pivotally disposed on the linkage and can be pushed on the push rod Bottom pivot until the movement path of the push rod is released; when the key is not inserted, the lock guide is in the lock groove, the lock body cannot rotate; when the push rod is pushed forward by the key:
  • the armature and the linkage are not separated from the clamp, and the push rod pushes the rotary member to rotate inward, and the guide lock member is pushed into the rotary groove along the locking groove, so that the lock core can be rotated to trigger the unlocking actuator to perform the unlocking
  • the contact triggering device further includes a rotary block, a guide locking member disposed at the end of
  • the execution block has a dialing groove
  • the lock body is provided with a toggle protrusion, and the block rotation is performed by the toggle block to perform the unlocking.
  • the electronic lock cylinder further comprises an electrical contact, and when the key is inserted, the electrical contact contacts the golden finger on the key to realize power supply to the electronic lock core, and when the unlocking is performed, the key pushes the push rod to Before moving, when the rotating block lets the push rod move forward, the gold finger on the pusher key is continuously pushed out of contact with the electrical contact to be powered off, and then the guiding lock is pushed into the rotating groove, the lock core It can be rotated to enter the unlocked state.
  • the touch triggering device further includes a push rod and a reversing device, wherein the reversing device converts an action direction of the push rod; the linkage member is provided with a toggle protrusion;
  • the pressing block is fixedly disposed on the outer fixing sleeve; when the rotating key drives the locking core to rotate to the pressing block pushing the pushing rod, the pushing rod presses the armature against the suction cup of the electromagnet through the reversing device, and the protruding protrusion
  • the block is pushed out from the lock core to achieve contact triggering; in the case of a correct password, continuing to twist the key rotates the lock core to cause the push rod to leave the clamp, but the electromagnet continues to energize and draws the armature on the suction cup.
  • the reversing device may include a rotating shaft and a rotating block, the rotating shaft is disposed on the lock core, and the rotating block is pivotally connected to the rotating shaft, One end of the rotating block abuts one end of the push rod and the other end abuts the armature, the pressing block is arranged to push the push rod along the longitudinal direction of the electronic lock cylinder; when the pressing block pushes the push rod, the rotating block One end is pressed down and the other end is pivotally lifted around the rotating shaft, so that the armature is pressed against the suction cup of the electromagnet, and the toggle protrusion is pushed out from the end surface in the longitudinal direction of the lock core body through the linkage, thereby Implement contact triggering.
  • the execution block is integrally provided with a toggle block, and in a case where the toggle protrusion is kept pushed out, rotating the lock core body causes the toggle protrusion to push the toggle block to rotate. Thereby the execution block is rotated to achieve unlocking.
  • the electromagnet chuck is provided with a magnetizer;
  • the reversing device includes a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft hinges one end of the push rod to the linkage, and the push rod is further One end pivotally connected to a lock cylinder, the pressure block is arranged to be able to push the push rod along a lateral direction of the electronic lock cylinder; when the pressure block pushes the push rod, the push rod pivots relative to the lock core body, and the armature is pressed against the suction cup of the electromagnet On the connected magnets, the toggle protrusions are pushed out along the lateral direction of the lock core by the linkages, thereby achieving contact triggering.
  • the execution block is integrally provided with a toggle block, and the unlocking execution device performs the unlocking action, in the case that the toggle protrusion is laterally ejected, when the lock core continues
  • the execution block is rotated together to unlock the lock; in the case that the toggle protrusion is retracted into the lock core, the toggle protrusion does not encounter the toggle block. Therefore, it is impossible to unlock.
  • the pressure block is slidable relative to the lock core body and has a convex portion;
  • the contact triggering device further includes a return spring, a push rod and a reversing device,
  • the reversing device converts the action direction of the push rod;
  • the linkage member is provided with a toggle protrusion; when the insertion key pushes the pressure block through the protrusion portion, the sliding of the pressure block pushes the push rod, and the push rod pushes the armature through the reversing device Pressing on the suction cup of the electromagnet, and pushing the toggle protrusion out of the lock core body to achieve contact triggering; continuing to insert the key, when the raised portion enters the window of the key and is no longer pressed by the key, The return spring pushes the reversing device, the push rod and the pressure block to perform the resetting action.
  • the electromagnet When the password is correct, the electromagnet is energized to pull the armature into the original position and does not move with the resetting action, and the toggle protrusion will be Still maintaining the push-out state, thereby triggering the unlocking execution device to perform unlocking; in the case of incorrect password, since the electromagnet is not energized, following the resetting action, following the spring to push the armature off Sucker electromagnet, so as to drive the toggle linkage retracted into the cylinder body projections, and therefore can not perform triggering unlocking means into the unlocked state can not be protected.
  • the reversing device includes a rotating shaft and a guiding pusher
  • the guiding pusher includes a guiding lock and a pushing portion having an enlarged cross section
  • the push rod is pivotally connected to the a rotating shaft, and one end of the push rod is hinged to the pressing block, and the other end is hinged with a guiding pushing member
  • the linking member further has a guiding hole that is slidably engaged with the guiding locking member
  • the outer fixing sleeve has a locking groove
  • the return spring pushes the push rod to rotate in a reverse direction about the rotary shaft, thereby returning the guide pusher and the pressure block to a position before the insertion of the key, thereby causing
  • the invention also discloses an electronic key for use with the aforementioned electronic lock cylinder, the electronic key comprises a key body, the key body has a groove, and the lock core portion is protruded through the groove and the push rod The insertion fit, or the insertion of the groove and the protrusion provided on the lock core, the electronic key can drive the lock core to rotate in the outer sleeve.
  • the present invention can achieve the following beneficial technical effects by the above electronic lock core structure.
  • the force applied by the contact triggering device avoids the energy consumption required for the electromagnet to attract the armature to move, and only needs to maintain the small amount of electric energy required for the electromagnet to absorb when the password is correct, thereby achieving the purpose of saving electricity.
  • the electronic lock cylinder has good practicability.
  • Figure 1 shows a measured data of a miniature electromagnet suction.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the structure of an electronic lock cylinder of the present invention.
  • 3A to 3C show a partial structure of an electronic lock cylinder that uses a return spring to apply a force to achieve contact triggering, wherein:
  • Figure 3A shows the state in which the pusher is not jacked up.
  • Figure 3B shows the state in which the push rod is jacked up and the electromagnet is energized to attract the armature.
  • Fig. 3C shows a state in which the electromagnet is not energized and the armature moves together with the pusher or the press block.
  • Fig. 4A shows a portion of the internal structure of an electronic lock cylinder using the structure of Figs. 3A to 3C
  • Fig. 4B shows the complete structure of the electronic lock cylinder of Fig. 4A and the corresponding key.
  • Figures 5A through 5D show an embodiment of another electronic lock cylinder structure employing the structure of Figures 3A through 3C, wherein:
  • Figure 5A shows the state when the pusher is not jacked up
  • Figure 5B shows the state in which the link moves with the clamp when the password is incorrect.
  • Figure 5C shows the state in which the clamp moves away from the linkage when the password is correct
  • Figure 5D shows the complete structure of the electronic lock cylinder and corresponding key.
  • Figures 6A-6C show a typical electronic lock cylinder structure that utilizes the force exerted by the projections on the motion path to effect contact triggering, where:
  • Figure 6A shows the state in which the lock cylinder is rotated until the clamp presses the push rod.
  • Fig. 6B shows the state in which the code is correct and the lock cylinder is rotated until the clamp has been pressed away from the push rod
  • Fig. 6C shows the complete structure of the electronic lock cylinder and the corresponding key.
  • FIG. 7A to 7B show another partial structure of an electronic lock cylinder that exerts a force by using a projection on a motion locus, wherein:
  • Figure 7A shows the state in which the lock cylinder is rotated until the clamp pushes the push rod.
  • Figure 7B shows the state in which the toggle is retracted when the password is incorrect.
  • Fig. 7C shows the complete structure of a lock core which is simplified on the basis of the electronic lock cylinder shown in Figs. 7A to 7B.
  • FIG. 8A to 8E show still another structure of an electronic lock cylinder using a force applied by a projection on a motion locus, wherein:
  • Fig. 8A shows the state before the key is inserted
  • Fig. 8B shows a state in which the armature is pressed against the magnetizer when the key is inserted
  • Fig. 8C shows the state in which the projection of the pressing block enters the window of the key without being pressed by the key
  • Figs. 8D and 8E show the complete structure of the electronic key cylinder and the corresponding key.
  • the electromagnet suction force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the suction cup and the armature, that is, the electromagnet sucks the armature and maintains a force, which is better than the armature from a few millimeters to overcome the resistance (such as spring force or friction).
  • the energy required is much smaller.
  • Figure 1 is the measured data of the suction performance of a miniature electromagnet provided by a manufacturer.
  • the abscissa indicates the stroke or distance (mm) between the object and the suction cup, and the ordinate indicates the suction force (g).
  • the three columns in the box are respectively Input power (W), heat dissipation capacity (% input power), measured suction force (g) when the distance is zero.
  • the actuator of the electronic key cylinder of the present invention utilizes the above characteristics of the electromagnet.
  • the specific method is as follows: by applying force, the armature is in close contact with the electromagnet chuck in advance, and the armature is gradually separated from the pre-added force as the key is inserted or rotated. At this time, if the key code is correct, only one electromagnet is applied. A small amount of electricity can keep the armature from leaving the suction cup to allow unlocking; if the key code is incorrect, the electromagnet is not energized, and because there is no suction force, the armature is released from the suction cup by the follow-up spring, thereby maintaining the locked state. Thereby achieving the purpose of saving power consumption of the electronic lock core.
  • the force can be achieved by any known mechanical means, as long as the force can bring the armature into close contact with the electromagnet chuck in advance, such as a spring force, or a protrusion on a mechanical motion trajectory, or The way people work together to achieve.
  • the electronic lock cylinder includes: an outer fixing sleeve 13; a lock core body 21 installed in the outer fixing sleeve 13 and rotatable relative to the outer fixing sleeve 13; an electromagnet 4 disposed on the lock
  • the core body 21 has a suction cup capable of generating suction force when energized; an armature 6 disposed in the lock core body 21 and integrally formed with a linkage member 5; following the spring 3, the function of the following spring 3
  • the force tends to move the armature 6 in a direction away from the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet 4; a password recognition and control circuit IC, which is disposed in the lock core 21, can be powered by the battery of the key, and determines whether the password on the key is Correct, and powering the electromagnet 4 when the password is correct; contacting the triggering device, the contact triggering device comprising the pressing block 2, which is applied by the relative movement of the
  • the energized electromagnet 4 pulls the armature 6 in place so as not to be moved by the elastic force of the following spring 3, thereby allowing the contact triggering device to further trigger the unlocking actuator to perform the unlocking action, and the electronic lock cylinder enters the unlocking operation.
  • the electromagnet 4 is not energized, and the armature 6 and the linkage 5 are moved away from the surface of the suction cup of the electromagnet 4 by the pressing of the spring 3, and the unlocking actuator cannot be triggered, so that the unlocking operation cannot be performed, the electronic The lock cylinder remains locked and remains locked.
  • the contact triggering means can be realized in various ways as long as it can apply a force to press the armature 6 against the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet 4 and trigger the unlocking action. It is through the contact triggering device that the force is applied instead of the energy required to move the armature 6 by the electromagnet to move, thereby achieving the purpose of power saving.
  • the function of pressing the armature 6 against the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet 4 can be achieved by the push-up action of the return spring or the protrusion on the motion track of a certain mechanical action, or by a combination of the two. achieve.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C show a partial structure of an electronic lock cylinder that uses a spring force of a return spring to apply a force to effect contact triggering.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C In order to highlight the working principle of the contact triggering device, only part of the structure of the electronic lock cylinder is shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, that is, only the return spring 1, the pressure block 2, the follower spring 3, the electromagnet 4, and the linkage 5 are shown. , armature 6, push rod 7.
  • the contact triggering device is composed of the return spring 1, the pressing block 2 and the push rod 7.
  • the return spring 1 presses the link member 5 and the armature 6 tightly against the suction cup of the electromagnet 4 through the press block 2, as shown in Fig. 3A.
  • the password recognition and control circuit IC judges the password on the key as the key is inserted to drive the push rod 7 to push the clamp 2 up. If the password is correct, the electromagnet 4 is energized, and the armature 6 and the linkage 5 are still sucked in the home position, as shown in FIG.
  • the aforementioned contact triggering means includes the return spring 1 and the push rod 7 in addition to the press block 2.
  • the pressing block 2 is connected with the push rod 7 and opposite to one side of the linking member 5, and the pressing block 2 is also connected to the return spring 1, and the return spring 1 pushes the linking member 5 and the armature 6 toward the suction cup of the electromagnet 4 through the pressing block 2. Pressure.
  • the following spring 3 is disposed between the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet 4 and the link member 5. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the follower spring 3 can be mounted differently as long as its force tends to move the armature 6 away from the surface of the chuck of the electromagnet 4.
  • the insertion key drives the push rod 7 to lift the clamp 2, and the password recognition circuit IC determines the password on the key.
  • the armature 6 and the linkage 5 that are sucked in place do not move with the clamp 2; and in the case where the password is incorrect, the linkage 5 and the armature 6 that are separated from the surface of the suction cup are pressed.
  • Block 2 - moves.
  • the return spring 1 pushes the clamp 2 to re-press the linkage 5 and the armature 6 against the suction cup of the electromagnet 4, and the electronic lock cylinder returns to the locked state.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show an embodiment of an electronic key cylinder structure employing the structure of Figs. 3A through 3C.
  • 4A shows a part of the internal structure of the electronic lock cylinder
  • FIG. 4B shows the complete structure of the electronic lock core of FIG. 4A and the corresponding electronic key.
  • the principle is: when the clamp 2 is jacked, if the linkage 5 is still in the home position, the lock is unlocked, and if the linkage 5 is not in the home position, the lock is maintained. .
  • the execution block 8 cannot be rotated in the locked state, and can be rotated in the unlocked state.
  • a dial groove 9 is formed in the inner wall of the execution block 8, and a toggle projection 10 is integrally formed on the link member 5.
  • the outer fixing sleeve 13 is further provided with a rotary groove 15 and a positioning groove 18, and the lock core 21 may be provided with a positioning pin 17, and the push rod 7 may be provided with a guide locking member 16.
  • the guide lock 16 In the locked state, the guide lock 16 is located outside the rotary groove 15, and the lock core 21 cannot be rotated.
  • the guide lock member 16 In the case where the push rod 7 lifts the press block 2, the guide lock member 16 is pushed into the rotary groove 15 as the push rod 7 is moved, and the lock core body 21 can be inside the outer fixed sleeve 13 by the positioning pin 17 Rotate along the positioning groove 18.
  • the key may include the key body 27, and the key body 27 has the recess 28.
  • the linkage 5 can be provided with a linkage rod 24. When the key is turned, the groove 28 pushes the push rod 7 to rotate the lock core 21, and the lock core 21 rotates with the linkage member 5 through the linkage rod 24.
  • Figures 5A through 5D show an embodiment of another electronic lock cylinder structure employing the structure of Figures 3A through 3C, wherein Figure 5A shows the state when the pusher is not jacked up, and Figure 5B shows the password. In the state in which the link moves with the clamp when it is incorrect, FIG. 5C shows a state in which the clamp moves away from the link when the password is correct, and FIG. 5D shows the complete structure of the electronic lock cylinder and the corresponding key.
  • the rotary block 12 is pivotally mounted (for example, by the rotary shaft 11) on the link member 5, and is pivotable under the push of the push rod 7 until it is disengaged from the moving path of the push rod 7, thus rotating
  • the block 12 is held in place when the linkage 5 abuts the clamp 2, and rotates inwardly under the push of the push rod when the linkage 5 is separated from the clamp 2;
  • the outer sleeve 13 is used to support the outer casing of the lock cylinder;
  • the inner side of the outer fixing sleeve 13 forms a stepped limiting table 14 which restricts the movement of the push rod 7 when the rotating block 12 is not rotated;
  • the inner side of the outer fixing sleeve 13 is formed with a locking groove 44 disposed in the axial direction and a circumferential direction A groove-shaped swirling groove 15.
  • the end of the compact 2 forms a raised guide lock 16.
  • the guide locking member 16 is within the locking groove 44, the lock The body 21 cannot be rotated.
  • the guide lock member 16 is pushed into the rotary groove 15 along the lock groove 44 to be rotatable along the rotary groove 15, thereby achieving unlocking.
  • the push rod 7 is pushed, if the password is correct, the armature 6 and the linkage 5 are attracted by the electromagnet 4 and do not move with the pressure block 2, so they are separated from the pressure block 2, and the rotary block 12 is placed on the push rod.
  • the push of the pusher 7 pushes the guide lock 16 at the end of the clamp 2 into the rotary groove 15, and the lock cylinder 21 can be rotated to unlock it, as shown in Fig. 5C.
  • the password is incorrect (for example, when the illegal key or the insert is inserted into the keyhole 22, the password recognition and control circuit IC 20 cannot recognize the password on the key, the electromagnet 4 will not be energized)
  • the linkage 5 and The pressing block 2 moves at the same time without separating, the rotating block cannot be rotated, and the push rod 7 cannot be moved forward at the limiting table 14 due to the blocking of the rotating block, the key cannot be fully inserted, and the guiding locking member 16 at the end of the pressing block 2 cannot Entering the swirling groove 15, the lock core 21 cannot be rotated, as shown in Fig. 5B.
  • the contact triggering device includes a rotary block 12 and a rotary block 12 in addition to the pressure block 2, the return spring 1 and the push rod 7 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C.
  • a guide locking member 16 at the end of the pressing block 2 a limiting table 14 disposed on the inner side of the outer fixing sleeve 13, and a locking groove (44) disposed axially inside the outer fixing sleeve (13) and A swirling groove 15 is provided in the circumferential direction.
  • the rotary block 12 is pivotally disposed on the link member 5 and is pivotable under the push of the push rod 7 until it is disengaged from the moving path of the push rod 7.
  • the rotary block 12 cannot rotate, and the rotary block 12 is blocked by the limit table 14 so that the push rod 7 cannot continue to move forward, and the guide lock 16 cannot enter the rotation.
  • the lock core body 21 cannot be rotated and is in a locked state.
  • the action of triggering the unlocking actuator to perform the unlocking can be realized in various ways.
  • the execution block 8 may have a toggle groove 9, and the lock body 21 may be provided with a toggle projection 10, and the unlocking action is performed by the toggle projection 10 to perform the rotation of the block 8.
  • the electrical connection between the electronic lock cylinder and the key can be achieved in a variety of well known manners.
  • the outer fixing sleeve 13 may be provided with a guiding groove 18, and the executing block 8 may be disposed in the outer fixing sleeve 13, and the electronic lock cylinder may include an electrical contact 26 when the key is inserted At this time, the electrical contact 26 contacts the gold finger 31 on the key to supply power to the electronic lock cylinder.
  • the key pushes the push rod 7 to move forward.
  • the rotating block 12 lets the push rod 7 move forward, the gold finger 31 on the key comes out of contact with the electrical contact 26 to be powered off, and then the guide is locked.
  • the piece 16 is pushed into the swirling groove 15, and the executing block 8 can be rotated along the guiding groove 18 to enter the unlocking state.
  • the electronic lock cylinder remains unlocked after the power is turned off. At this time, even if the key is removed, the unlocking state of the electronic lock cylinder is not affected.
  • Figures 6A-6B show the structural principle of an electronic lock cylinder that uses a force on a motion trajectory to effect contact triggering.
  • the contact triggering device includes, in addition to the press block 2, a push rod 7 and a reversing device, and the reversing device switches the direction of action of the push rod 7.
  • the linkage 5 is provided with a toggle projection 10.
  • the pressure block 2 is fixedly disposed on the outer fixing sleeve 13. When the key is rotated to drive the lock cylinder 21 to rotate to the pressing block 2 to push the push rod 7, the push rod 7 presses the armature 6 against the suction cup of the electromagnet 4 through the reversing device, and the toggle projection 10 is removed from the lock core 21 is introduced to achieve contact triggering.
  • the key is continuously turned and the lock core 21 is rotated to cause the push rod 7 to leave the clamp 2, but the toggle projection 10 remains.
  • the state is pushed out, thereby triggering the unlocking actuator to enter the unlocked state, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the electromagnet 4 is not energized, and rotating the lock core 21 as the key is continued to rotate causes the push rod 7 to leave the clamp 2, under the action of the follower spring 3, the armature 6 and the electromagnet 4
  • the linkage member 5 is caused to retract the toggle projection 10 into the lock core body 21, so that the unlocking actuator is not triggered, and the protection state that cannot be unlocked is entered.
  • the unlocking actuator may include a toggle protrusion 10, and the actuator block 8 may be integrally provided with a toggle block 38 (as shown in FIG. 6C).
  • the toggle protrusion 10 remains pushed out, the lock is rotated.
  • the core 21 causes the toggle projection 10 to push the toggle block 38 to rotate, thereby causing the actuator block 8 to rotate.
  • the reversing device may include a rotary shaft 11 and a rotary block 12, and the rotary shaft 11 is disposed on the lock core 21, and the rotary block 12 is pivotally coupled to the rotary block On the rotating shaft 11, one end of the rotating block 12 abuts against one end of the push rod 7 and the other end abuts against the armature 6, and the pressing block 2 is arranged to push the push rod along the longitudinal direction of the electronic lock cylinder 7.
  • the pressing block 2 presses the push rod 7
  • one end of the rotating block 12 is pressed down and the other end is pivotally raised around the rotating shaft 11, so that the armature 6 is pressed against the suction cup of the electromagnet 4 while being linked.
  • the piece 5 pushes the toggle projection 10 out of the end face in the longitudinal direction of the lock core 21 to effect contact triggering.
  • the unlocking actuator may include a toggle projection 10 and a dial block 38 integrally provided on the aforementioned execution block 8, in the case where the toggle projection 10 remains pushed out. , turning The lock cylinder 21 causes the toggle projection 10 to push the toggle block 38 to rotate, thereby causing the actuator block 8 to rotate to effect unlocking.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7B are another electronic lock cylinder that utilizes a force applied by a protrusion on a motion track to effect contact triggering, which shows the pressure block 2, the follower spring 3, the electromagnet 4, and an integral body.
  • the end of the linkage 5 is a toggle projection 10. It will be appreciated that the magnetizer 37 is not required and may be omitted where the positional and directional relationship between the components is satisfied.
  • Rotating the key drives the lock cylinder to rotate along the circumferential path in the outer fixed sleeve 13.
  • the push rod 7 drives the linkage member 5 to push the armature 6 to the guide magnet 37 until it is pressed, and simultaneously The piece 5 and the armature 6-shaped toggle projection 10 are ejected laterally from the interior of the lock core to effect contact triggering.
  • the electromagnet 4 is energized to be in an operating state, the armature 6 is attracted to the magnetizer 37, and the key is continued to rotate so that the follower spring 3 leaves the position of the clamp 2, and the toggle block 10 remains horizontally ejected. Can unlock.
  • the linkage 5 is bounced back by the following spring 3, and the toggle projection 10 is pulled back into the lock cylinder, and the lock cannot be unlocked, as shown in Fig. 7B.
  • the electromagnet 4 can be provided with a magnetizer 37 on the suction cup, and the reversing device includes a rotary shaft 11 which hinges one end of the push rod 7 to the linkage 5 The other end of the push rod 7 is pivotally connected to the lock core 21, and the press block 2 is arranged to be able to push the push rod 7 in the lateral direction of the electronic lock cylinder.
  • the push rod 7 pivots relative to the lock core 21, causing the armature 6 to press against the magnetizer 37 connected to the suction cup of the electromagnet 4, and at the same time, the striking protrusion 5
  • the block 10 is pushed out in the lateral direction of the lock cylinder 21 to effect contact triggering.
  • the shifting block 38 is integrally provided on the execution block 8.
  • the unlocking actuating device performs the unlocking action, in the case that the toggle projection 10 is laterally ejected, when the lock cylinder 21 continues to rotate until the toggle projection 10 encounters the dial block 38, the execution block 8 is rotated.
  • unlocking is achieved; in the case where the toggle projection 10 is retracted into the lock core 21, the toggle projection 10 does not encounter the dial block 38 and thus cannot be unlocked.
  • the structure is often simplified as much as possible to achieve better product reliability.
  • the simplified complete lock cylinder structure is as shown in Fig. 7C.
  • a torsion spring is used instead of the push rod 7, and the arm of the torsion spring is pushed by the pressing block 2 to press the armature 6 against the magnetizer 37 connected to the suction cup of the electromagnet 4. Since the torsion spring itself can generate a restoring force, the follower spring 3 can be omitted.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8E show still another structure of an electronic key cylinder which employs a force applied by a projection on a motion locus.
  • the pressing block 2 is slidable relative to the lock cylinder 21 and has a boss portion 60;
  • the contact triggering device further includes a return spring 1, a push rod 7 and a reversing direction
  • the device, the reversing device switches the direction of action of the push rod 7;
  • the linkage member 5 is provided with a toggle projection 10.
  • the key is continuously inserted, and when the boss 60 enters the window 45 of the key and is no longer pressed by the key, the return spring 1 pushes the reversing device, the push rod 7 and the press block 2 to perform a resetting action.
  • the toggle projection 10 will remain in the pushed-out state, thereby triggering the unlocking actuator to perform the unlocking.
  • the follower spring 3 pushes the armature 6 out of the suction cup of the electromagnet (4), thereby driving the linkage 5 to cause the toggle projection 10 to contract.
  • the lock core 21 is locked, so that the unlocking actuator cannot be triggered, and the protection state cannot be unlocked.
  • the reversing device may include a rotary shaft 11 and a guide pusher 50, and the guide pusher 50 includes a rod-shaped guide lock member 16 and a cross-sectional enlarged push portion 52;
  • the rod 7 is pivotally connected to the rotating shaft 11, and one end of the push rod 7 is hinged to the pressing block 2, and the other end is hinged with the guiding pushing member 50;
  • the linking member 5 also has a guiding function of slidingly engaging the guiding locking member 16 Hole 53.
  • the outer fixing sleeve 13 has a locking groove 44.
  • the resetting action includes the return spring 1 pushing the push rod 7 to rotate in the opposite direction about the rotating shaft 11, thereby returning the guiding pusher 50 and the pressing block 2 to a position before the insertion of the key, thereby causing the guiding locking member 16 to exit the locking groove 44,
  • the lock body 21 is allowed to rotate relative to the outer sleeve 13.
  • the armature 6 is attracted to the original position without moving with the resetting action of the guiding pusher 50.
  • the function of the return spring 1 is to push the reversing device, the push rod 7 and the press block 2 to perform a resetting operation, in other words, to return the push rod 7 and the press block 2 to the key insertion.
  • the former location It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the return spring can have a variety of different mounting positions as long as the above functions are achieved. For example, the end of the return spring 1 abuts against the push rod 7, and the other end abuts against the electromagnet 4 (as shown in Figs. 8A to 8C).
  • the unlocking actuator can be in various forms, as long as the unlocking actuator 10 performs the unlocking, and the shifting projection 10 in the push-out state can drive the execution block 8 to rotate.
  • the execution block 8 has a raised dial block 38.
  • the dial block 38 is pushed by the toggle projection 10 in the pushed-out state, thereby causing the execution block 8 to rotate.
  • the toggle projection 10 is retracted into the lock core 21, the toggle projection 10 cannot touch the dial block 38, so that the rotation of the actuator block 8 cannot be performed.
  • the actuator block 8 and the key body 21 are both disposed to be rotatable relative to the outer circumference of the outer sleeve 13, and are not movable relative to the outer sleeve 13 in the direction of the rotation axis. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways known in the art, such as by spring wire positioning ring 25 (see Figure 8D).
  • the outer circumference of the execution block 8 is provided with a circumferential positioning groove 18a, and the circumferential direction is fixed.
  • the bit groove 18a has a semicircular cross section.
  • the outer circumference of the outer fixing sleeve 13 is provided with a circumferential positioning groove 18b.
  • the circumferential positioning groove 18b has a semicircular cross section, and is completely completed with the circumferential positioning groove 18a of the executing block 8 after installation. Circular cross section.
  • the structure in which the electronic key drives the lock body to rotate can be realized by various schemes. Such a scheme is shown, for example, in Figures 6C, 8D.
  • the electronic key key includes a key body 27 having a recess 28, and the lock core 21 is provided with a projection 41 which is inserted through the insertion of the recess 28 and the projection 41.
  • the lock core 21 can be rotated within the outer sleeve 13.
  • electromagnets can be selected with AX0815L suction cup type electromagnetic iron
  • ASIC can be used in SOT552-1 standard package
  • FPC connector can be GL750S01-5P
  • battery can choose AA (No. 5) and CR123A battery.

Abstract

一种电子锁芯结构,包括外固定套(13)、锁芯体(21)、电磁铁(4)、一体地形成有联动件(5)的衔铁(6)、跟随弹簧(3)、能够利用钥匙的电池供电的密码识别和控制电路IC、接触触发装置和开锁执行装置。在密码正确时,通电的电磁铁(4)将衔铁(6)吸合在原位而不被跟随弹簧(3)所移动,从而允许接触触发装置进一步触发开锁执行装置而执行开锁动作;在密码不正确时,电磁铁(4)不通电,衔铁(6)及联动件(5)受跟随弹簧(3)的推压而移动脱离电磁铁(4)的吸盘表面,开锁执行装置被锁定而不能执行开锁动作,电子锁芯保持锁定。还公开了与电子锁芯配合使用的电子钥匙。

Description

电子锁芯结构及电子钥匙
技术领域
本发明涉及电子锁芯及其执行机构, 特别是涉及无源的电子锁芯。 背景技术
电子密码具有诸多优点, 例如, 数据量大发生重码可能性很小, 密码可根据 需要进行编写, 并且具有很强的功能拓展能力, 因此已经在许多领域被广泛应用, 如银行卡、 二代身份证、 医疗卡等等。 但在锁具这种最传统的安全防护器具上应 用却非常有限。
目前市面上几乎所有的电子锁都是有源的, 即电子锁带有供电电源。 无论是 采用电磁铁还是马达作为执行机构的驱动装置都耗能很大, 由此导致我们看到的 电子锁具都将电源置于锁内, 其实这是不得已的选择。 正是由于必须连接电源, 大大限制了电子锁具的应用场所。 而且电子锁发生断电则密码保护功能就会失效。
虽然一些文献公布了无源电子锁芯的技术, 但由于没有行之有效的节电方法, 所公布的技术付诸实施都会存在难以克服的困难, 以致我们至今没有在市场上看 到这样的产品。 例如: 公告号为 CN101397866发明名称为 "无源电子锁芯和无源 钥匙及密码管理器和钥匙管理器" 的中国专利申请提出的一种自带发电机的锁芯 和钥匙组合, 但由于结构非常复杂, 含有许多需要专门设备加工的微小运动部件, 产品的可靠性将是很大的挑战。 公告号为 CN101418656发明名称为 "一种带离合 装置的电子锁芯及含该电子锁芯的电子锁系统" 的中国专利申请以及公告号为 CN1396979A发明名称为"电子锁定系统"的中国专利申请中, 提出的技术方案直 接使用了推拉式电磁铁, 驱动铁芯运动的耗能并未得到改善。 又如: 公告号为 CN1059775A发明名称为"电子锁微功耗控制机构"的中国专利申请提出的解决方 案虽然节电, 但只能用于特定门锁的改造, 而且锁销直接用于阻挡锁舌移动, 一 旦出现没使用钥匙就用力拧动手柄情况, 有可能导致锁销变形导致锁具失效。 由 此可见这些技术付诸实际应用都还存在需要解决的关键技术问题。
需要说明的是, 公开于本发明背景部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体 背景的理解, 而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般 技术人员所公知的现有技术。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是, 改变电子锁具必须连接电源而使得应用场合 受到限制的现状, 提出能够实现电子锁芯低功耗的实用的解决方案。
本发明根据电磁学基本原理, 提出了针对电子锁芯执行机构耗电大的有效解 决方法, 通过巧妙的机械结构设计使电子锁芯的执行机构耗电极小, 以至于一节 普通的 5 号电池可重复开锁上万次。 因此仅需将一节干电池置于钥匙中, 就可实 现电子密码锁具的无源化。
本发明提供一种电子锁芯, 其与带有电池且存储有密码的钥匙配合工作, 包 括: 外固定套; 锁芯体, 其安装在所述外固定套之内, 并相对于所述外固定套旋 转; 电磁铁, 其设置于所述锁芯体中, 具有能够在通电时产生吸力的吸盘; 衔铁, 其设置于锁芯体内, 并一体地形成有联动件; 跟随弹簧, 所述跟随弹簧的作用力 倾向于使衔铁向着脱离电磁铁的吸盘表面的方向移动; 密码识别和控制电路, 其 设置于所述锁芯体中, 能够利用钥匙的电池供电, 并判断钥匙上的密码是否正确, 并在密码正确时对电磁铁进行供电; 接触触发装置, 所述接触触发装置包括压块, 利用压块的相对运动所施加的作用力, 将衔铁向着电磁铁的吸盘表面上压紧, 并 能够在钥匙的带动下触发开锁执行装置执行开锁动作; 和开锁执行装置, 其包括 执行块, 所述执行块安装在所述外固定套之内, 并能够在执行开锁动作时由锁芯 体带动相对于所述外固定套旋转, 其中在密码正确时, 通电的电磁铁将衔铁吸合 在原位从而不被跟随弹簧的弹力所移动, 从而允许接触触发装置进一步触发开锁 执行装置而执行开锁动作, 电子锁芯进入开锁状态, 在密码不正确时, 电磁铁不 通电, 衔铁及联动件受跟随弹簧推压而移动脱离电磁铁的吸盘表面, 开锁执行装 置被锁定而不能执行开锁动作, 电子锁芯保持锁定, 从而保持锁闭状态。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述接触触发装置还可以包括复位弹簧和推杆, 所述压块与推杆相连接且与联动件的一侧相对, 所述压块还连接着复位弹簧, 所 述复位弹簧通过压块将联动件及衔铁向着电磁铁的吸盘推压, 所述跟随弹簧设置 在电磁铁吸盘表面和联动件之间; 进行开锁时, 插入钥匙带动推杆将压块顶起, 同时密码识别电路判断钥匙上的密码, 在密码正确的情况下, 所述被吸合在原位 的衔铁及联动件不随着压块移动; 在密码不正确的情况下, 所述脱离吸盘表面的 联动件和衔铁随着压块一起移动; 当钥匙拔出后, 复位弹簧推动压块而将联动件 和衔铁重新压紧在电磁铁的吸盘上, 电子锁芯返回到锁闭状态。
优选地, 所述联动件形成有拨动突块, 所述执行块的内壁上形成有拨动槽, 在所述的密码正确的情况下, 拨动突块保持在拨动槽内, 从而转动钥匙能够通过 拨动突块推动拨动槽而带动执行块一起旋转; 在所述的密码不正确的情况下, 则 联动件的拨动突块被跟随弹簧推出拨动槽而进入空腔, 转动钥匙只引起拨动突块 空转, 执行块不会随着旋转。
优选地, 所述外固定套设有旋动槽和定位槽, 锁芯体上设有定位销, 所述推 杆设有导向锁定件; 在锁闭状态下, 所述导向锁定件位于所述旋动槽之外, 锁芯 体不能转动; 在推杆将压块顶起的情况下, 导向锁定件随着推杆的移动被推入旋 动槽, 锁芯体在定位销的作用下能够在外固定套内沿定位槽旋转。
在上述的包含有复位弹簧和推杆的电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述接触触发装置 还包括旋块、 设置在所述压块末端的导向锁定件、 设置在所述外固定套的内侧的 限位台、 以及在所述外固定套的内侧沿轴向设置的锁定槽和周向设置的旋动槽; 所述旋块可枢转地设置在联动件上, 且能够在推杆的推动下枢转直至脱离推杆的 移动路径; 在钥匙没有插入时, 锁定导向件处于锁定槽内, 锁心体不能旋转; 在 推杆被钥匙推动向前移动时: 在密码正确的情况下, 由于衔铁及联动件不随着压 块移动而与之分离, 推杆推动旋块向内旋转, 导向锁定件沿锁定槽被推入旋动槽, 从而能够旋转锁芯体而触发开锁执行装置而执行开锁; 在密码不正确的情况下, 由于联动件随压块同时移动而不分离, 旋块无法旋转, 旋块受阻于限位台致使推 杆无法继续前移, 导向锁定件不能进入旋动槽内, 锁芯体无法旋转, 从而处于锁 闭状态。
优选地, 所述执行块具有拨动槽, 锁心体设有拨动凸块, 通过拨动凸块拨动 执行块旋转来执行开锁。
优选地, 所述电子锁芯还包括电触点, 当插入钥匙时, 所述电触点与钥匙上 的金手指接触而实现对电子锁芯的供电, 在进行开锁时, 钥匙推动推杆向前移动, 当旋块让开推杆前移路径后, 继续推动推杆钥匙上的金手指与所述电触点脱离接 触而断电, 随后导向锁定件被推入旋动槽, 锁芯体可以旋转而进入开锁状态。
在根据本发明的另一种电子锁芯中, 所述接触触发装置还包括推杆和换向装 置, 所述换向装置转换推杆的作用方向; 所述联动件设有拨动突块; 所述压块固 定地设置在外固定套上; 当转动钥匙带动锁芯体旋转至压块推动推杆时, 推杆通 过换向装置将衔铁顶压在电磁铁的吸盘上, 并将拨动突块从锁芯体推出, 从而实 现接触触发; 在密码正确的情况下, 继续拧动钥匙则转动锁芯体导致推杆离开压 块, 但由于电磁铁继续通电工作而将衔铁吸在吸盘上而不被跟随弹簧的弹力所移 动, 拨动突块会仍然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁执行装置执行开锁; 在密码不 正确的情况下, 随着继续拧动钥匙而转动锁芯体导致推杆离开压块, 由于在跟随 弹簧的作用下衔铁与电磁铁的吸盘脱离, 带动联动件而使拨动突块缩回锁芯体内, 从而不能触发开锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述换向装置可以包括旋轴和旋块, 所述旋轴 设置在锁芯体上, 所述旋块枢转连接于所述旋轴上, 所述旋块的一端抵靠所述推 杆一个端部而另一端抵靠衔铁, 所述压块设置成能够沿着电子锁芯的纵向推动推 杆; 当压块将推杆压下时, 旋块的一端被被压下而另一端绕旋轴枢转抬起, 从而 将衔铁顶压在电磁铁的吸盘上, 同时通过联动件将拨动突块沿锁芯体的纵向从端 面内推出, 从而实现接触触发。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述执行块上一体地设置有拨动块, 在拨动突 块保持推出状态的情况下, 转动锁芯体会导致拨动突块推动拨动块旋转, 从而使 执行块旋转而实现开锁。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述电磁铁吸盘上设有导磁体; 所述换向装置 包括旋轴, 所述旋轴将推杆的一端与联动件铰接, 所述推杆的另一端枢转连接至 锁芯体, 所述压块设置成能够沿着电子锁芯的横向推动推杆; 当压块推动推杆时, 推杆相对于锁芯体枢转, 使衔铁顶压在与电磁铁的吸盘相连的导磁体上, 同时通 过联动件将拨动突块沿锁芯体的横向推出, 从而实现接触触发。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述执行块上一体地设置有拨动块, 所述开锁 执行装置执行开锁动作包括, 在拨动突块横向顶出的情况下, 当锁芯体继续旋转 至拨动突块遇到拨动块时, 则带动执行块一起转动从而实现开锁; 在拨动突块缩 回锁芯体内的情况下, 所述拨动突块不会遇到拨动块, 从而无法开锁。
在根据本发明的又一种电子锁芯中, 所述压块能够相对于锁芯体滑动, 且具 有凸起部; 所述接触触发装置还包括复位弹簧、 推杆和换向装置, 所述换向装置 转换推杆的作用方向; 所述联动件设有拨动突块; 当插入钥匙通过凸起部推动压 块时, 压块的滑动推动推杆, 推杆通过换向装置将衔铁顶压在电磁铁的吸盘上, 并将拨动突块从锁芯体推出, 从而实现接触触发; 继续插入钥匙, 当所述凸起部 进入钥匙的窗口而不再受钥匙挤压时, 所述复位弹簧推动换向装置、 推杆和压块 执行复位动作, 在密码正确的情况下, 由于电磁铁通电将衔铁吸合在原位而并不 随着所述复位动作而移动, 拨动突块会仍然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁执行装 置执行开锁; 在密码不正确的情况下, 由于电磁铁不通电, 伴随着所述复位动作, 跟随弹簧推动衔铁脱离电磁铁的吸盘, 从而带动联动件而使拨动突块缩回锁芯体 内, 因而不能触发开锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
在上述电子锁芯中, 优选地, 所述换向装置包括旋轴和导向推动件, 所述导 向推动件包括导向锁定件和横截面扩大的推动部; 所述推杆枢转地连接于所述旋 轴, 且推杆的一端铰接于所述压块, 而另一端铰接着导向推动件; 所述联动件还 具有与导向锁定件相对滑动配合的导向孔; 所述外固定套具有锁定槽, 其中在所 述推杆通过换向装置将衔铁顶压在电磁铁的吸盘上的同时, 导向锁定件插入锁定 槽中, 从而防止此时锁芯体相对于外固定套旋转, 所述复位动作包括所述复位弹 簧推动推杆绕所述旋轴反向旋转, 从而使导向推动件和压块回复到插入钥匙之前 的位置, 从而使导向锁定件退出锁定槽, 其中在密码正确的情况下, 通过导向锁 定件与导向孔的相对滑动, 实现了所述衔铁被吸合在原位而并不随着导向推动件 的复位动作而移动。
本发明还公开了一种电子钥匙, 用于与前述的电子锁芯配合使用, 所述电子 钥匙包括钥匙体, 该钥匙体具有凹槽, 通过凹槽和所述推杆凸出锁芯体部分的插 入配合, 或通过凹槽和所述锁芯体上设置的凸块的插入配合, 所述电子钥匙可带 动所述锁芯体在外固定套内旋转。
本发明通过上述电子锁芯结构, 可以实现如下有益技术效果。 通过接触触发 装置施加作用力, 避免了由电磁铁吸引衔铁进行移动所需的能耗, 而只需要在密 码正确时保持电磁铁吸合所需的微小电能, 从而实现了节电的目的, 从而使得电 子锁芯具有了良好的实用性。 附图说明
图 1示出了一种微型电磁铁吸力实测数据。
图 2为显示本发明的电子锁芯结构的原理框图。
图 3A至图 3C示出了采用复位弹簧施加作用力来实现接触触发的电子锁芯的 部分结构, 其中:
图 3A为推杆没有顶起的状态,
图 3B为推杆顶起而电磁铁通电吸合衔铁的状态,
图 3C为电磁铁不通电吸合而衔铁随推杆即压块一起移动的状态。
图 4A显示了采用图 3A至图 3C结构的一种电子锁芯的部分内部结构, 图 4B 显示了图 4A的电子锁芯以及对应的钥匙的完整结构。
图 5A至 5D显示了采用图 3A至图 3C中结构的另一种电子锁芯结构的实施例, 其中:
图 5A示出了在推杆没有顶起时的状态,
图 5B示出了在密码不正确时联动件随压块一起移动的状态,
图 5C示出了在密码正确时压块移动脱离联动件的状态,
图 5D示出了该电子锁芯以及对应的钥匙的完整结构。
图 6A-6C显示了一种典型的利用运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力实现接触触发 的电子锁芯的结构, 其中:
图 6A示出了锁芯旋转至压块将推杆压下时的状态,
图 6B示出了密码正确而锁芯旋转至压块已经离开推杆压下时的状态, 图 6C示出了该电子锁芯以及对应的钥匙的完整结构。
图 7A至图 7B示出了另一种利用运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力的电子锁芯的 部分结构, 其中:
图 7A示出了锁芯旋转至压块将推杆压下时的状态,
图 7B示出了密码错误时拨动突块缩回的状态,
图 7C示出了在图 7A至图 7B所示的电子锁芯的基础上进行简化后的一种锁 芯的完整结构。
图 8A至图 8E示出了又一种采用了运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力的电子锁芯 的结构, 其中:
图 8A示出了钥匙插入前的状态,
图 8B示出了插入钥匙时衔铁被压紧在导磁体上的状态,
图 8C示出了压块的凸起部进入钥匙的窗口而不受钥匙挤压时的状态, 图 8D和 8E示出了该电子锁芯以及对应的钥匙的完整结构。
应当了解, 附图并不必须是按比例绘制的, 其示出了某种程度上经过简化了 的本发明的基本原理的各个特征。 在此所公开的本发明的特定的设计特征, 包括 例如特定的尺寸、 定向、 定位和外形, 将部分地由特定目的的应用和使用环境所 确定。
在这些附图中, 在贯穿附图的多幅图形中, 附图标记指代本发明的相同或等 效的部分。 具体实施方式
理论上, 电磁铁吸合力与吸盘到衔铁间距离的平方成反比, 即电磁铁吸住衔 铁并保持一个力, 要比将衔铁从几毫米外克服抵抗力 (例如弹簧力或摩擦力) 吸 过来所需的能量要小很多。 图 1 是某厂家提供的一款微型电磁铁吸力性能的实测 数据, 其中横坐标表示被吸物与吸盘间行程或距离 (mm), 纵坐标表示吸力 (g); 方框中三列数据分别是输入功率(W)、 散热能力 (输入功率%)、 距离为零时的实 测吸力 (g)。 从中可以发现实测数据与理论数据虽有差距, 但基本趋势与上述原 理相符。 例如: 从图中看到, 在 6W输入功率下, 当距离为 2mm时吸力仅 23g, 距离为 0mm时吸力达 300g。
本发明的电子锁芯的执行机构正是利用了电磁铁的上述特性。 具体做法是: 通过施加作用力使衔铁与电磁铁吸盘预先紧密接触, 随着钥匙的插入或旋转使衔 铁逐渐脱离预加的作用力, 此时如果钥匙密码正确, 则只需对电磁铁施加一个很 小的电量就可以保持衔铁不脱离吸盘从而允许开锁; 反之如果钥匙密码不正确, 则电磁铁不通电, 由于没有吸合力, 衔铁在跟随弹簧的作用下脱离吸盘, 由此维 持锁闭状态, 从而达到电子锁芯节省电耗的目的。 所述作用力可以采用任何公知 的机械方式来实现, 只要该作用力能够使衔铁与电磁铁吸盘预先紧密接触, 例如 弹簧力, 或者某一机械动作运动轨迹上的凸起物, 或以这二者共同作用的方式来 实现。
现在将具体参考本发明的各个实施例, 在附图中和以下的描述中示出了这些 实施例的实例。 虽然本发明与示例性实施例相结合进行描述, 但是应当了解, 本 说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施例。 相反, 本发明旨在不但覆盖 这些示例性实施例, 而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精 神和范围之内的各种替换、 修改、 等效形式以及其它实施例。
图 2 中描述了这种电子锁芯, 其与带有电池的钥匙配合工作。 该电子锁芯包 括: 外固定套 13 ; 锁芯体 21, 其安装在所述外固定套 13之内, 并能够相对于所 述外固定套 13旋转; 电磁铁 4, 其设置于所述锁芯体 21中, 并具有能够在通电时 产生吸力的吸盘; 衔铁 6, 其设置于所述锁芯体 21中, 并一体地形成有联动件 5 ; 跟随弹簧 3,所述跟随弹簧 3的作用力倾向于使衔铁 6向着脱离电磁铁 4的吸盘表 面的方向移动; 密码识别和控制电路 IC, 其设置于所述锁芯体 21中, 能够利用钥 匙的电池供电, 并判断钥匙上的密码是否正确, 并在密码正确时对电磁铁 4进行 供电; 接触触发装置, 所述接触触发装置包括压块 2, 利用压块 2相对运动所施加 的作用力将衔铁 6向着电磁铁 4的吸盘表面上压紧, 并能够在钥匙的带动下触发 开锁执行装置执行开锁动作; 和开锁执行装置, 其括执行块 8, 所述执行块 8安装 在所述外固定套 13之内, 并能够在执行开锁动作时相对于所述外固定套 13旋转。 其中在密码正确时, 通电的电磁铁 4将衔铁 6吸合在原位从而不被跟随弹簧 3的 弹力所移动, 从而允许接触触发装置进一步触发开锁执行装置而执行开锁动作, 电子锁芯进入开锁状态; 在密码不正确时, 电磁铁 4不通电, 衔铁 6及联动件 5 被跟随弹簧 3的推压而移动脱离电磁铁 4的吸盘表面, 无法触发开锁执行装置, 因而不能执行开锁动作, 电子锁芯保持锁定而保持锁闭状态。
在图 2所描述的电子锁芯中, 接触触发装置中可以以各种方式来实现, 只要 其能够施加作用力将衔铁 6向着电磁铁 4的吸盘表面上压紧并触发开锁动作即可。 正是通过该接触触发装置施加作用力, 替代了由电磁铁吸引衔铁 6进行移动所需 的能耗, 从而实现了节电的目的。 例如, 将衔铁 6向着电磁铁 4的吸盘表面上压 紧的功能可以通过复位弹簧或某一机械动作运动轨迹上的凸起物的顶推作用来实 现, 也可以通过这两者方式的结合来实现。
图 3A至图 3C所示的是使用复位弹簧的弹簧力施加作用力来实现接触触发的 电子锁芯的部分结构。 为突出显示接触触发装置的工作原理, 图 3A至图 3C中仅 示出了电子锁芯的部分结构, 即仅显示了复位弹簧 1、 压块 2、 跟随弹簧 3、 电磁 铁 4、 联动件 5、 衔铁 6、 推杆 7。 其中由复位弹簧 1、 压块 2和推杆 7—起组成了 接触触发装置。
该结构在锁闭状态即常态下, 复位弹簧 1通过压块 2将联动件 5及衔铁 6紧 紧压在电磁铁 4吸盘上, 如图 3A所示。 在进行开锁时, 随着钥匙插入带动推杆 7 将压块 2顶起的同时, 密码识别和控制电路 IC对钥匙上的密码进行判断。 如果密 码正确, 则电磁铁 4通电工作, 衔铁 6与联动件 5仍被吸在原位, 如图 3B所示; 如果密码不对, 则电磁铁不通电, 联动件 5、 衔铁 6被跟随弹簧 3推起, 跟随压块 2—起移动, 如图 3C所示; 钥匙拔出后, 复位弹簧 1又重新将衔铁 6压在电磁铁 4吸盘上。
换言之, 在图 3A至图 3C所示的结构中, 前述的接触触发装置除了包括压块 2之外, 还包括复位弹簧 1和推杆 7。 压块 2与推杆 7相连接且与联动件 5的一侧 相对, 压块 2还连接着复位弹簧 1, 复位弹簧 1通过压块 2将联动件 5及衔铁 6向 着电磁铁 4的吸盘推压。
在图 3A至图 3C所示的结构中, 跟随弹簧 3设置在电磁铁 4吸盘表面和联动 件 5之间。 显然, 对于本领域的技术人员而言, 跟随弹簧 3可以有不同的安装方 式, 只要其作用力倾向于使衔铁 6向着脱离电磁铁 4的吸盘表面的方向移动即可。 在进行开锁时, 插入钥匙带动推杆 7将压块 2顶起, 同时密码识别电路 IC判断钥 匙上的密码。 在密码正确的情况下, 被吸合在原位的衔铁 6及联动件 5不随着压 块 2移动; 而在密码不正确的情况下, 脱离吸盘表面的联动件 5和衔铁 6随着压 块 2—起移动。 当钥匙拔出后, 复位弹簧 1推动压块 2而将联动件 5和衔铁 6重 新压紧在电磁铁 4的吸盘上, 电子锁芯返回到锁闭状态。
图 4A和 4B显示了采用图 3A至图 3C中结构的一种电子锁芯结构的实施例。 其中, 图 4A显示了该电子锁芯的部分内部结构, 而图 4B显示了图 4A的电子锁 芯以及对应的电子钥匙的完整结构。
在图 4A和 4B所示的结构中, 其原理是: 在压块 2被顶起时, 如果联动件 5 仍处在原位则开锁, 如果联动件 5不处在原位, 则维持锁闭。 在图 4A中, 执行块 8在锁闭状态不能旋转, 在开锁状态可以旋转。在执行块 8的内壁上形成有拨动槽 9, 在联动件 5上一体地形成有拨动突块 10。 当推杆 7被推起时, 若密码正确, 则 拨动突块 10保持在拨动槽 9内, 转动钥匙就会带动执行块 8—起旋转, 从而实现 开锁; 若密码错误, 则拨动突块 10被跟随弹簧 3推入空腔, 这时转动钥匙只引起 空转, 执行块 8不会随着旋转, 从而进入保护状态。 钥匙拔出后, 复位弹簧 1又 重新将衔铁 6压在电磁铁 4吸盘上, 从而进入锁闭状态。
在图 4A和 4B所示的结构中, 外固定套 13还设有旋动槽 15和定位槽 18, 锁 芯体 21上可以设有定位销 17, 推杆 7可以设有导向锁定件 16。 在锁闭状态下, 导向锁定件 16位于所述旋动槽 15之外, 锁芯体 21不能转动。 在推杆 7将压块 2 顶起的情况下, 导向锁定件 16随着推杆 7的移动被推入旋动槽 15, 锁芯体 21在 定位销 17的作用下能够在外固定套 13内沿定位槽 18旋转。
在前述结构中, 钥匙可以包括钥匙体 27, 钥匙体 27具有凹槽 28。 联动件 5 可以设有联动杆 24。 在转动钥匙时, 凹槽 28拨动推杆 7而带动锁芯体 21旋转, 锁芯体 21通过联动杆 24带着联动件 5—起旋转。
显然, 在图 4A和 4B所示具体实施方式的电子锁芯中, 最突出特点是: 使用 非法钥匙或工具无法开锁, 只会引起锁芯空转, 可以有效防止暴力绞切开锁。
图 5A至 5D显示了采用图 3A至图 3C中结构的另一种电子锁芯结构的实施例, 其中图 5A示出了在推杆没有被顶起时的状态, 图 5B示出了在密码不正确时联动 件随压块一起移动的状态,图 5C示出了在密码正确时压块移动脱离联动件的状态, 图 5D示出了该电子锁芯以及对应的钥匙的完整结构。
在图 5A至 5D所示的结构中, 其原理是: 在压块 2被顶起时, 如果联动件 5 与压块 2之间的距离为零, 则保持锁闭; 如果距离不为零, 则启动开锁执行装置 进行开锁。 在图 5A至 5D中, 旋块 12可枢转地 (例如通过旋轴 11 ) 设置在联动 件 5上, 且能够在推杆 7的推动下枢转直至脱离推杆 7的移动路径, 因此旋块 12 在联动件 5紧贴压块 2时保持在原位, 而在联动件 5与压块 2分离时在推杆的推 动下向内旋转; 外固定套 13用于支撑锁芯的外壳; 外固定套 13 内侧形成台阶状 的限位台 14, 限位台 14在旋块 12未旋转时限制推杆 7移动; 外固定套 13内侧形 成有沿轴向设置的锁定槽 44以及周向设置的凹槽形的旋动槽 15。压块 2末端形成 凸起的导向锁定件 16。 钥匙没有插入时, 导向锁定件 16处于锁定槽 44之内, 锁 心体 21不能旋转。 在压块 2被顶到位置时, 导向锁定件 16沿着锁定槽 44被推入 到旋动槽 15而可沿旋动槽 15旋转, 从而实现开锁。 当推杆 7被推动时, 若密码 正确, 则衔铁 6及联动件 5因被电磁铁 4吸合而不随着压块 2移动, 因而与压块 2 分离, 则旋块 12就会在推杆 7的推动下向内旋转, 直至推杆 7将压块 2末端的导 向锁定件 16推入旋动槽 15, 可以旋转锁芯体 21实现开锁, 如图 5C所示。 反之, 如果密码错误 (例如, 当非法钥匙或插入物插入钥匙孔 22时, 密码识别和控制电 路 IC 20不能识别钥匙上的密码, 则电磁铁 4不会通电吸合), 则联动件 5与压块 2同时移动而不会分离, 旋块无法旋转, 在限位台 14处由于旋块的阻挡使推杆 7 无法继续前移, 钥匙无法完全插入, 压块 2末端的导向锁定件 16不能进入旋动槽 15内, 因此锁芯体 21无法旋转, 如图 5B所示。
在图 5A至 5D所示的电子锁芯结构中,接触触发装置除了包括图 3A-3C中所 示的压块 2、 复位弹簧 1和推杆 7之外, 还包括旋块 12、 设置在所述压块 2末端 的导向锁定件 16、 设置在所述外固定套 13的内侧的限位台 14、 以及在所述外固 定套 (13 ) 的内侧沿轴向设置的锁定槽(44)和周向设置的旋动槽 15。 旋块 12可 枢转地设置在联动件 5上, 且能够在推杆 7的推动下枢转直至脱离推杆 7的移动 路径。
在上述图 5A至 5D所示的电子锁芯结构中, 在钥匙没有插入时, 锁定导向件 16处于锁定槽 44内, 锁心体 21不能旋转。 在插入钥匙推动推杆 7向前移动情况 下, 进行密码判断。 如果密码正确, 由于衔铁 6及联动件 5不随着压块 2移动而 分离,推杆 7推动旋块 12向内旋转,导向锁定件 16沿锁定槽 44被推入旋动槽 15, 从而能够旋转锁芯体 21而触发开锁执行装置而执行开锁。 如果密码不正确, 由于 联动件 5随压块 2同时移动而不分离, 旋块 12无法旋转, 旋块 12受阻于限位台 14致使推杆 7无法继续前移, 导向锁定件 16不能进入旋动槽 15内, 锁芯体 21无 法旋转, 从而处于锁闭状态。
在图 5A至 5D的电子锁芯中, 触发开锁执行装置而执行开锁的动作可以通过 各种方式来实现。 例如, 执行块 8可以具有拨动槽 9, 锁心体 21可以设有拨动凸 块 10, 通过拨动凸块 10拨动执行块 8旋转来执行开锁动作。
在本发明中, 可以采用各种公知的方式实现电子锁芯和钥匙之间的电连接。 例如, 在图 5A至 5D所示的电子锁芯中, 外固定套 13上可以设有导向槽 18, 执 行块 8设置在外固定套 13内, 电子锁芯可以包括电触点 26, 当插入钥匙时, 电触 点 26与钥匙上的金手指 31接触而对电子锁芯的供电。 在进行开锁时, 钥匙推动 推杆 7向前移动, 当旋块 12让开推杆 7前移路径后, 钥匙上的金手指 31与所述 电触点 26脱离接触而断电, 随后导向锁定件 16被推入旋动槽 15, 执行块 8可以 沿着导向槽 18旋转而进入开锁状态, 显然, 断电后电子锁芯仍保持开锁状态。 此 时即使拔出钥匙, 也不影响电子锁芯的开锁状态。
显然, 在图 5A至 5D所示的具体实时方式中, 其显著优点是: 对电磁铁的供 电仅在钥匙插入、 拔出的一瞬间, 最大化的利用了本发明所述节电原理, 使其耗 能极小。
图 6A-6B显示了采用运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力实现接触触发的电子锁芯 的结构原理。 在这种电子锁芯中, 接触触发装置除了包括压块 2之外, 还包括推 杆 7和换向装置, 换向装置转换推杆 7的作用方向。 联动件 5设有拨动突块 10。 压块 2固定地设置在外固定套 13上。 当转动钥匙带动锁芯体 21旋转至压块 2推 动推杆 7时, 推杆 7通过换向装置将衔铁 6顶压在电磁铁 4的吸盘上, 并将拨动 突块 10从锁芯体 21推出, 从而实现接触触发。 在密码正确的情况下, 继续拧动 钥匙则转动锁芯体 21导致推杆 7离开压块 2, 但由于电磁铁 4继续通电工作而将 衔铁 6吸在吸盘上而不被跟随弹簧 3的弹力所移动, 拨动突块 10会仍然保持推出 状态, 从而触发开锁执行装置执行开锁。 在密码不正确的情况下, 随着继续拧动 钥匙而转动锁芯体 21导致推杆 7离开压块 2, 由于在跟随弹簧 3的作用下衔铁 6 与电磁铁 4的吸盘脱离, 带动联动件 5而使拨动突块 10缩回锁芯体 21 内, 从而 不能触发开锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
在图 6A所示的结构中,当转动钥匙带动锁芯体 21在外固定套 13内旋转至压 块 2将推杆 7压下时, 旋块 12的一端被被压下而另一端绕旋轴 11枢转抬起, 将 衔铁 6顶压在电磁铁 4的吸盘上, 并通过联动件 5将拨动突块 10从锁芯体 21的 端面内推出, 同时密码识别和控制电路 IC对钥匙中密码进行判断。 在密码正确的 情况下, 电磁铁 4通电工作而将衔铁 6吸在吸盘上, 此时继续拧动钥匙而转动锁 芯体 21导致推杆 7离开压块 2, 但拨动突块 10仍然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁 执行装置进入开锁状态,如图 6B所示。在密码不正确的情况下, 电磁铁 4不通电, 随着继续拧动钥匙而转动锁芯体 21导致推杆 7离开压块 2, 在跟随弹簧 3的作用 下, 衔铁 6与电磁铁 4的吸盘脱离, 带动联动件 5使拨动突块 10缩回锁芯体 21 内, 从而不会触发开锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
所述开锁执行装置可以包括拨动突块 10, 所述执行块 8可以一体地设置有拨 动块 38 (如图 6C所示) , 在拨动突块 10保持推出状态的情况下, 转动锁芯体 21 会导致拨动突块 10推动拨动块 38旋转, 从而使执行块 8旋转。
换言之, 在图 6A至图 6C的电子锁芯中, 换向装置可以包括旋轴 11和旋块 12, 所述旋轴 11设置在锁芯体 21上, 所述旋块 12枢转连接于所述旋轴 11上, 所述旋块 12的一端抵靠所述推杆 7—个端部而另一端抵靠衔铁 6, 所述压块 2设 置成能够沿着电子锁芯的纵向推动推杆 7。 当压块 2将推杆 7压下时, 旋块 12的 一端被被压下而另一端绕旋轴 11枢转抬起, 从而将衔铁 6顶压在电磁铁 4的吸盘 上, 同时通过联动件 5将拨动突块 10沿锁芯体 21的纵向从端面内推出, 从而实 现接触触发。
在图 6A至图 6C的电子锁芯中,开锁执行装置可以包括拨动突块 10和一体地 设置在前述执行块 8上的拨动块 38, 在拨动突块 10保持推出状态的情况下, 转动 锁芯体 21会导致拨动突块 10推动拨动块 38旋转, 从而使执行块 8旋转而实现开 锁。
在图 7A至图 7B所示的是另一种利用运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力实现接触 触发的电子锁芯, 其示出了压块 2、 跟随弹簧 3、 电磁铁 4、 一体形成的联动件 5 和衔铁 6、 推杆 7、 外固定套 13、 导磁体 37等部件, 其中导磁体 37的作用是将电 磁铁 4吸盘延伸至需要的位置和方向。 联动件 5的末端为拨动突块 10。 可以理解 的是, 导磁体 37并非是必须的, 其在满足部件之间的位置和方向关系的情况下可 以省略。
转动钥匙带动锁芯在外固定套 13内沿圆周轨迹旋转, 当压块 2旋转至推杆 7 的位置时, 通过推杆 7带动联动件 5将衔铁 6推向导磁体 37直至压紧, 同时与联 动件 5和衔铁 6—体的拨动突块 10被横向从锁芯体内部顶出,从而实现接触触发。 此时若密码正确, 则电磁铁 4通电处于工作状态, 衔铁 6被吸在导磁体 37上, 继 续旋转钥匙使跟随弹簧 3离开压块 2位置, 拨动突块 10仍保持横向顶出状态, 可 以开锁。 若秘密错误, 则联动件 5被跟随弹簧 3弹回原位, 并将拨动突块 10拉回 锁芯体内, 不能开锁, 如图 7B所示。
换言之, 在图 7A至图 7B所示的电子锁芯中, 电磁铁 4吸盘上可以设有导磁 体 37, 换向装置包括旋轴 11, 旋轴 11将推杆 7的一端与联动件 5铰接, 推杆 7 的另一端枢转连接至锁芯体 21, 压块 2设置成能够沿着电子锁芯的横向推动推杆 7。 当压块 2推动推杆 7时, 推杆 7相对于锁芯体 21枢转, 使衔铁 6顶压在与电 磁铁 4的吸盘相连的导磁体 37上, 同时通过联动件 5将拨动突块 10沿锁芯体 21 的横向推出, 从而实现接触触发。
在图 7A至图 7B所示的电子锁芯中, 执行块 8上一体地设置有拨动块 38。 开 锁执行装置执行开锁动作包括, 在拨动突块 10横向顶出的情况下, 当锁芯体 21 继续旋转至拨动突块 10遇到拨动块 38时, 则带动执行块 8—起转动从而实现开 锁; 在拨动突块 10缩回锁芯体 21内的情况下, 所述拨动突块 10不会遇到拨动块 38, 从而无法开锁。
需要说明的是, 在实际应用中, 常常尽可能对结构进行简化以取得更好的产 品可靠性。 以图 7A至图 7B所示的电子锁芯为例, 其简化后的完整锁芯结构如图 7C所示。 在图 7中, 采用一个扭簧来代替推杆 7, 由压块 2推动扭簧的臂来将衔 铁 6顶压在与电磁铁 4的吸盘相连的导磁体 37上。由于扭簧本身可以产生回复力, 因此可以省却跟随弹簧 3。
图 8A至图 8E示出了又一种采用了运动轨迹上凸起物施加作用力的电子锁芯 的结构。
在图 8A至图 8E所示的电子锁芯中,压块 2能够相对于锁芯体 21滑动, 且具 有凸起部 60; 所述接触触发装置还包括复位弹簧 1、 推杆 7和换向装置, 所述换 向装置转换推杆 7的作用方向; 联动件 5设有拨动突块 10。 当插入钥匙通过凸起 部 60推动压块 2时, 压块 2的滑动推动推杆 7, 推杆 7通过换向装置将衔铁 6顶 压在电磁铁 4的吸盘上, 并将拨动突块 10从锁芯体 21推出, 从而实现接触触发。 继续插入钥匙, 当凸起部 60进入钥匙的窗口 45而不再受钥匙挤压时, 复位弹簧 1 推动换向装置、 推杆 7和压块 2执行复位动作。 在密码正确的情况下, 由于电磁 铁 4通电将衔铁 6吸合在原位而并不随着所述复位动作而移动, 拨动突块 10会仍 然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁执行装置执行开锁。 在密码不正确的情况下, 由 于电磁铁 4不通电, 伴随着所述复位动作,跟随弹簧 3推动衔铁 6脱离电磁铁(4) 的吸盘, 从而带动联动件 5而使拨动突块 10缩回锁芯体 21 内, 因而不能触发开 锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
在图 8A至图 8E所示的电子锁芯中,换向装置可以包括旋轴 11和导向推动件 50, 导向推动件 50包括杆状的导向锁定件 16和横截面扩大的推动部 52; 推杆 7 枢转地连接于旋轴 11, 且推杆 7的一端铰接于所述压块 2, 而另一端铰接着导向 推动件 50; 联动件 5还具有与导向锁定件 16相对滑动配合的导向孔 53。 外固定 套 13具有锁定槽 44。其中在推杆 7通过换向装置将衔铁 6顶压在电磁铁 4的吸盘 上的同时, 导向锁定件 16插入锁定槽 44中, 从而防止锁心体 21此时相对于外固 定套 13旋转。 所述复位动作包括复位弹簧 1推动推杆 7绕旋轴 11反向旋转, 从 而使导向推动件 50和压块 2回复到插入钥匙之前的位置, 从而使导向锁定件 16 退出锁定槽 44, 此时允许锁心体 21相对于外固定套 13旋转。 其中在密码正确的 情况下, 通过导向锁定件 16与导向孔 53的相对滑动, 实现了所述衔铁 6被吸合 在原位而并不随着导向推动件 50的复位动作而移动。
在图 8A至图 8E所示的电子锁芯中, 复位弹簧 1的作用在于推动换向装置、 推杆 7和压块 2执行复位动作, 换言之, 使推杆 7和压块 2回复到钥匙插入前的 所处的位置。 显然, 对于本领域的技术人员而言, 复位弹簧可以有各种不同的安 装位置, 只要能实现上述功能即可。 例如复位弹簧 1的一端抵靠推杆 7, 而另一端 抵靠电磁铁 4 (如图 8A至图 8C所示) 。
在图 8A至图 8E所示的电子锁芯中, 其开锁执行装置可采用各种形式, 只要 在开锁执行装置执行开锁时, 能够通过处于推出状态的拨动突块 10带动执行块 8 旋转即可。 例如, 如图 8D所示, 执行块 8具有凸起的拨动块 38。 在开锁执行装 置执行开锁时, 通过处于推出状态的拨动突块 10推动拨动块 38, 从而带动执行块 8旋转。 而当拨动突块 10缩回锁芯体 21内时, 拨动突块 10无法碰到拨动块 38, 从而无法带动执行块 8旋转。
在本发明的电子锁芯中, 执行块 8、 锁心体 21均设置成能够相对于外固定套 13的周向旋转, 而不能沿旋转轴线方向相对于外固定套 13移动。这可以通过本领 域中公知的各种方式来实现, 例如通过如下弹簧钢丝定位环 25的方式来实现 (参 见图 8D) 。
在图 8C、 8D中, 所述执行块 8的外圆周上设有周向定位槽 18a, 所述周向定 位槽 18a的横截面为半圆形。 所述外固定套 13的内圆周上设有周向定位槽 18b, 所述周向定位槽 18b的横截面为半圆形, 且在安装完毕后与执行块 8的周向定位 槽 18a构成完整的圆形横截面。 在安装执行块 8时, 通过将圆形的弹簧钢丝定位 环 25设置在周向定位槽 18a和 18b中, 而将执行块 8设置在外固定套 13内。 此 时, 执行块 8可沿着定位环相对于外固定套 13旋转, 而不能相对于外固定套 13 轴向移动。
在本发明的电子锁芯应用中, 电子钥匙带动锁心体旋转的结构可以采用各种 方案来实现。 例如, 在图 6C、 8D中示出了这样的方案。 在图 8D中, 电子钥匙钥 匙包括钥匙体 27, 该钥匙体 27具有凹槽 28, 所述锁芯体 21上设有凸块 41, 通过 凹槽 28和凸块 41的插入配合, 所述钥匙可带动所述锁芯体 21在外固定套 13内 旋转。
通过前面几种不同的锁芯结构可以很容易的看出, 在本发明的节电原理基础 上, 可以设计出各种各样的无源锁芯结构。
显然, 本发明中的许多零部, 件如电磁铁、 专用集成电路、 电池、 连接器等, 均尽可选取现有产品或标准封装形式。 例如, 电磁铁可选用 AX0815L吸盘式电磁 铁、 专用集成电路可选用 SOT552-1 标准封装形式、 FPC 连接器可选用 GL750S01-5P、 电池可选择 AA ( 5号) 及 CR123A电池等。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。 这些 描述并非想穷尽本发明, 或者将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式, 并且很显然, 根据上述教导, 可以进行很多改变和变化。 对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目 的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用, 从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能 够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。 本发明的范围意在由所附的权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种电子锁芯, 其与带有电池且存储有密码的钥匙配合工作, 包括: 外固定套 (13) ;
锁芯体 (21) , 其安装在所述外固定套 (13) 之内, 并相对于所述外固定套 (13) 旋转;
电磁铁 (4) , 其设置于所述锁芯体 (21) 中, 具有能够在通电时产生吸力的 吸盘;
衔铁 (6) , 其设置于锁芯体 (21) 内, 并一体地形成有联动件 (5) ; 跟随弹簧 (3) , 所述跟随弹簧 (3) 的作用力倾向于使衔铁 (6) 向着脱离电 磁铁 (4) 的吸盘表面的方向移动;
密码识别和控制电路 (IC) , 其设置于所述锁芯体 (21) 中, 能够利用钥匙 的电池供电, 并判断钥匙上的密码是否正确, 并在密码正确时对电磁铁 (4) 进行 供电;
接触触发装置, 所述接触触发装置包括压块 (2) , 利用压块 (2) 的相对运 动施加与跟随弹簧 (3) 作用相反的作用力, 将衔铁 (6) 向着电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘 表面上压紧, 并能够在钥匙的带动下触发开锁执行装置执行开锁动作; 和
开锁执行装置, 其包括执行块 (8) , 所述执行块 (8) 安装在所述外固定套 (13) 之内, 并能够在执行开锁动作时由锁芯体 (21) 带动相对于所述外固定套 (13) 旋转,
其中在密码正确时, 通电的电磁铁 (4) 将衔铁 (6) 吸合在原位从而不被跟 随弹簧 (3) 的弹力所移动, 从而允许接触触发装置进一步触发开锁执行装置而执 行开锁动作, 电子锁芯进入开锁状态,
在密码不正确时, 电磁铁 (4) 不通电, 衔铁 (6) 及联动件 (5) 被跟随弹簧 (3) 的推压而移动脱离电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘表面, 开锁执行装置被锁定而不能执 行开锁动作, 电子锁芯保持锁定, 从而保持锁闭状态。
2、根据权利要求 1所述电子锁芯,其中所述接触触发装置还包括复位弹簧(1) 和推杆 (7) ,
所述压块(2)与推杆(7)相连接且与联动件(5)的一侧相对, 所述压块(2) 还连接着复位弹簧 (1) , 所述复位弹簧 (1) 通过压块 (2) 将联动件 (5) 及衔 铁 (6) 向着电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘推压, 所述跟随弹簧 (3) 设置在电磁铁 (4) 吸 盘表面和联动件 (5) 之间;
进行开锁时, 插入钥匙带动推杆 (7) 将压块 (2) 顶起, 同时密码识别电路 (IC) 判断钥匙上的密码,
在密码正确的情况下, 所述被吸合在原位的衔铁 (6) 及联动件 (5) 不随着 压块 (2) 移动,
在密码不正确的情况下, 所述脱离吸盘表面的联动件 (5) 和衔铁 (6) 随着 压块 (2) —起移动,
当钥匙拔出后, 复位弹簧 (1) 推动压块 (2) 而将联动件 (5) 和衔铁 (6) 重新压紧在电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘上, 电子锁芯返回到锁闭状态。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的电子锁芯, 其中: 所述联动件 (5) 形成有拨动突 块 (10) , 所述执行块 (8) 的内壁上形成有拨动槽 (9) ,
在所述的密码正确的情况下, 拨动突块 (10) 保持在拨动槽 (9) 内, 从而转 动钥匙能够通过拨动突块 (10) 推动拨动槽 (9) 而带动执行块 (8) —起旋转; 在所述的密码不正确的情况下, 则联动件 (5) 的拨动突块 (10) 被跟随弹簧 (3) 推出拨动槽 (9) 而进入空腔, 转动钥匙只引起拨动突块 (10) 空转, 执行 块 (8) 不会随着旋转。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的电子锁芯, 其中:
所述外固定套 (13) 设有旋动槽 (15) 和定位槽 (18) , 锁芯体 (21) 上设 有定位销 (17) , 所述推杆 (7) 设有导向锁定件 (16) ;
在锁闭状态下, 所述导向锁定件 (16) 位于所述旋动槽 (15) 之外, 锁芯体 (21) 不能转动;
在推杆 (7) 将压块 (2) 顶起的情况下, 导向锁定件 (16) 随着推杆 (7) 的 移动被推入旋动槽 (15) , 锁芯体 (21) 在定位销 (17) 的作用下能够在外固定 套 (13) 内沿定位槽 (18) 旋转。
5、根据权利要求 2所述的电子锁芯,其中所述接触触发装置还包括旋块( 12)、 设置在所述压块 (2) 末端的导向锁定件 (16) 、 设置在所述外固定套 (13) 的内 侧的限位台 (14) 、 以及在所述外固定套 (13) 的内侧沿轴向设置的锁定槽 (44) 和周向设置的旋动槽 (15) ; 所述旋块 (12) 可枢转地设置在联动件 (5) 上, 且 能够在推杆 (7) 的推动下枢转直至脱离推杆 (7) 的移动路径;
在钥匙没有插入时, 锁定导向件 (16) 处于锁定槽 (44) 内, 锁心体 (21) 不能旋转;
在推杆 (7) 被钥匙推动向前移动时:
在密码正确的情况下, 由于衔铁 (6) 及联动件 (5) 不随着压块 (2) 移动而 与之分离, 推杆(7)推动旋块(12) 向内旋转, 导向锁定件(16)沿锁定槽(44) 被推入旋动槽 (15) , 从而能够旋转锁芯体 (21) 而触发开锁执行装置而执行开 锁;
在密码不正确的情况下, 由于联动件 (5) 随压块 (2) 同时移动而不分离, 旋块 (12) 无法旋转, 旋块 (12) 受阻于限位台 (14) 致使推杆 (7) 无法继续前 移, 导向锁定件 (16) 不能进入旋动槽 (15 ) 内, 锁芯体 (21 ) 无法旋转, 从而 处于锁闭状态。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电子锁芯, 其中所述执行块(8)具有拨动槽(9) , 锁心体 (21 ) 设有拨动凸块 (10) , 通过拨动凸块 (10) 拨动执行块 (8) 旋转来 执行开锁。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的电子锁芯, 其中所述电子锁芯还包括电触点(26), 当插入钥匙时, 所述电触点 (26) 与钥匙上的金手指 (31 ) 接触而实现对电子锁 芯的供电,
在进行开锁时, 钥匙推动推杆 (7) 向前移动, 当旋块 (12) 让开推杆 (7) 前移路径后, 继续推动推杆 (7) 钥匙上的金手指 (31 ) 与所述电触点 (26) 脱离 接触而断电, 随后导向锁定件 (16) 被推入旋动槽 (15 ) , 锁芯体 (21 ) 可以旋 转而进入开锁状态。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子锁芯, 其中所述接触触发装置还包括推杆 (7) 和换向装置, 所述换向装置转换推杆 (7) 的作用方向; 所述联动件 (5 ) 设有拨 动突块 (10) ; 所述压块 (2) 固定地设置在外固定套 (13 ) 上;
当转动钥匙带动锁芯体 (21 ) 旋转至压块 (2) 推动推杆 (7) 时, 推杆 (7) 通过换向装置将衔铁 (6) 顶压在电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘上, 并将拨动突块 (10) 从 锁芯体 (21 ) 推出, 从而实现接触触发;
在密码正确的情况下, 继续拧动钥匙则转动锁芯体 (21 ) 导致推杆 (7) 离开 压块 (2) , 但由于电磁铁 (4) 继续通电工作而将衔铁 (6) 吸在吸盘上而不被跟 随弹簧 (3 ) 的弹力所移动, 拨动突块 (10) 会仍然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁 执行装置执行开锁;
在密码不正确的情况下, 随着继续拧动钥匙而转动锁芯体(21 )导致推杆(7) 离开压块 (2) , 由于在跟随弹簧 (3 ) 的作用下衔铁 (6) 与电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘 脱离, 带动联动件 (5 ) 而使拨动突块 (10) 缩回锁芯体 (21 ) 内, 从而不能触发 开锁执行装置, 进入了不能开锁的保护状态。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的电子锁芯, 其中所述换向装置包括旋轴 (11 ) 和旋 块 (12) , 所述旋轴 (11 ) 设置在锁芯体 (21 ) 上, 所述旋块 (12) 枢转连接于 所述旋轴 (11 ) 上, 所述旋块 (12) 的一端抵靠所述推杆 (7) —个端部而另一端 抵靠衔铁 (6) , 所述压块 (2) 设置成能够沿着电子锁芯的纵向推动推杆 (7) ; 当压块 (2) 将推杆 (7) 压下时, 旋块 (12) 的一端被被压下而另一端绕旋 轴 (11 ) 枢转抬起, 从而将衔铁 (6) 顶压在电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘上, 同时通过联 动件 (5 ) 将拨动突块 (10) 沿锁芯体 (21 ) 的纵向从端面内推出, 从而实现接触 触发。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的电子锁芯, 其中, 所述电磁铁 (4) 吸盘上设有导 磁体 (37) ; 所述换向装置包括旋轴 (11 ) , 所述旋轴 (11 ) 将推杆 (7) 的一端 与联动件 (5 ) 铰接, 所述推杆 (7) 的另一端枢转连接至锁芯体 (21 ) , 所述压 块 (2) 设置成能够沿着电子锁芯的横向推动推杆 (7) ;
当压块 (2) 推动推杆 (7) 时, 推杆 (7) 相对于锁芯体 (21 ) 枢转, 使衔铁
(6) 顶压在与电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘相连的导磁体 (37) 上, 同时通过联动件 (5 ) 将拨动突块 (10) 沿锁芯体 (21 ) 的横向推出, 从而实现接触触发。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子锁芯, 其中, 所述压块 (2) 能够相对于锁芯 体 (21 ) 滑动, 且具有凸起部 (60) ; 所述接触触发装置还包括复位弹簧 (1 ) 、 推杆(7)和换向装置, 所述换向装置转换推杆(7) 的作用方向; 所述联动件(5 ) 设有拨动突块 (10) ;
当插入钥匙通过凸起部 (60) 推动压块 (2) 时, 压块 (2) 的滑动推动推杆
(7) , 推杆 (7) 通过换向装置将衔铁 (6) 顶压在电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘上, 并将 拨动突块 (10) 从锁芯体 (21 ) 推出, 从而进入密码判断状态;
继续插入钥匙, 当所述凸起部 (60) 进入钥匙的窗口 (45 ) 而压块 (2) 不再 受钥匙挤压时, 所述复位弹簧 (1 ) 推动换向装置、 推杆 (7) 和压块 (2) 执行复 位动作,
在密码正确的情况下, 由于电磁铁 (4) 通电将衔铁 (6) 吸合在原位而并不 随着所述复位动作而移动, 拨动突块 (10) 会仍然保持推出状态, 从而触发开锁 执行装置执行开锁;
在密码不正确的情况下, 由于电磁铁 (4) 不通电, 伴随着所述复位动作, 跟 随弹簧 (3 ) 推动衔铁 (6) 脱离电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘, 从而带动联动件 (5 ) 而使 拨动突块 (10) 缩回锁芯体 (21 ) 内, 因而不能触发开锁执行装置, 进入了不能 开锁的保护状态。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的电子锁芯, 其中, 所述换向装置包括旋轴 (11 ) 和导向推动件 (50) , 所述导向推动件 (50) 包括导向锁定件 (16) 和横截面扩 大的推动部 (52) ; 所述推杆 (7) 枢转地连接于所述旋轴 (11 ) , 且推杆 (7) 的一端铰接于所述压块(2), 而另一端铰接着导向推动件(50); 所述联动件(5 ) 还具有与导向锁定件 (16) 相对滑动配合的导向孔 (53 ) ; 所述外固定套 (13 ) 具有锁定槽 (44) ,
其中在所述推杆 (7) 通过换向装置将衔铁 (6) 顶压在电磁铁 (4) 的吸盘上 的同时, 导向锁定件 (16) 插入锁定槽 (44) 中, 从而防止锁芯体 (21) 相对于 外固定套 (13) 旋转,
所述复位动作包括所述复位弹簧 (1) 推动推杆 (7) 绕所述旋轴 (11) 反向 旋转, 从而使导向推动件 (50) 和压块 (2) 回复到插入钥匙之前的位置, 从而使 导向锁定件 (16) 退出锁定槽 (44) ,
其中在密码正确的情况下, 通过导向锁定件 (16) 与导向孔 (53) 的相对滑 动, 实现了所述衔铁 (6) 被吸合在原位而并不随着导向推动件 (50) 的复位动作 而移动。
13、 一种电子钥匙, 其用于与前述权利要求中的电子锁芯配合使用, 所述电 子钥匙包括钥匙体 (27) , 该钥匙体 (27) 具有凹槽 (28) , 通过凹槽 (28) 和 所述推杆 (7) 凸出锁芯体 (21) 部分的插入配合, 或通过凹槽 (28) 和所述锁芯 体 (21) 上设置的凸块 (41) 的插入配合, 所述电子钥匙可带动所述锁芯体 (21) 在外固定套 (13) 内旋转。
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