WO2009143514A1 - Système monocanal de stabilité en roulis - Google Patents
Système monocanal de stabilité en roulis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009143514A1 WO2009143514A1 PCT/US2009/045152 US2009045152W WO2009143514A1 WO 2009143514 A1 WO2009143514 A1 WO 2009143514A1 US 2009045152 W US2009045152 W US 2009045152W WO 2009143514 A1 WO2009143514 A1 WO 2009143514A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- brake pressure
- wheel speed
- overturn
- wheels
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1701—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
- B60T8/1708—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for lorries or tractor-trailer combinations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/172—Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
- B60T8/17551—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve determining control parameters related to vehicle stability used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
- B60T8/17554—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve specially adapted for enhancing stability around the vehicles longitudinal axle, i.e. roll-over prevention
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/24—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends
- B60T8/241—Lateral vehicle inclination
- B60T8/243—Lateral vehicle inclination for roll-over protection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2230/00—Monitoring, detecting special vehicle behaviour; Counteracting thereof
- B60T2230/03—Overturn, rollover
Definitions
- the present invention relates to vehicle roll control systems, and in particular to vehicle stability systems for detection and prevention of overturning of commercial vehicles, including commercial vehicle trailers.
- Commercial vehicles including the trailers of tractor-trailer vehicles, are frequently loaded with high centers of gravity. During tight turns at highway speeds, these vehicles can roll over. Reducing the vehicle speed when high lateral accelerations are detected or when a wheel is lifted can reduce the tendency for such a vehicle to rollover and improve highway safety.
- the risk of a vehicle overturning event may be estimated by monitoring transverse acceleration (i.e., acceleration lateral to the vehicle's longitudinal axis), and by monitoring vehicle wheel speed during the light application of braking force to the vehicle wheels, and assessing whether the wheels are off the ground or only lightly loaded in the normal direction depending on the resulting wheel speed change.
- transverse acceleration i.e., acceleration lateral to the vehicle's longitudinal axis
- vehicle wheel speed during the light application of braking force to the vehicle wheels
- Roll estimation systems such as that described in U.S. Patent Publication No. US 20040119335 Al, are based on braking system architectures in which two independent pressure channels exist, with two separate brake application modulators. These systems are derived from two-channel modulator anti-lock braking system (“ABS”) architectures, which are common in Europe. The two independent channels permit the independent application of the brakes on each side of the vehicle during the wheel speed monitoring portion of the roll-over risk assessment, so that differential wheel speed change comparisons may be made.
- ABS modulator anti-lock braking system
- North American trailer ABS systems are predominantly based on a single pressure channel system, in which a single brake application modulator serves the vehicle wheels on both sides of at least one vehicle axle, i.e., a "single channel" system. This is in part due to the additional costs associated with providing two independent channels. In the absence of a second independent pressure channel, it has been commonly assumed that the known two-channel roll assessment and prevention systems could not be used with single-channel North American-type commercial vehicles.
- the present invention provides a vehicle roll stability system architecture in which the roll stability function is performed with a single modulator controlling brake application on both left and right side wheels on one or more axles, thereby providing the benefits of the more complicated and more costly two-channel roll estimation systems in a simpler and lower cost system which is compatible with North American-type single channel commercial vehicle ABS systems.
- This objective is met by providing a trailer roll stability system comprising a single-channel pressure modulator and wheel sensors (including single-channel architectures commonly known as "2s Im" (two sensors, one modulator) or “4slm” (four sensors, one modulator)), and an electronic control system.
- the electronic control system evaluates vehicle speed, lateral acceleration and wheel speed change information, and controls brake pressure application during roll evaluation operation.
- the electronic control system of the present invention controls the single brake pressure modulator to lightly apply the brakes simultaneously at all the wheels.
- the vehicle weight is transferred to the outside wheels and the inside wheels may lift off of the ground if the center of gravity is high.
- a brake intervention e.g., brake application by the vehicle operator or as a result of a brake system- commanded braking event
- the two-channel system executes a "pressure test" mode, applying a small test pressure only to the brakes on the side of the vehicle inside the turn (i.e., using only the pressure modulator in the channel which controls the inside wheel brakes). If the small pressure applied in the one channel causes the inside wheels to lock, it may be assumed that the inside wheels are off of the ground or only very lightly loaded.
- test pressure may be simultaneously applied to both the inside and outside wheels without significant detriment. Testing confirmed that in a vehicle such as a trailer equipped with a single brake pressure modulator controlling all the vehicle brakes, the test pressure application could be used to reliably determine whether the inside wheels were off of the ground or very lightly loaded, as the test pressure is too small to significantly affect the rotation of the outside wheels which were heavily loaded.
- the electronic control unit momentarily slightly reduces the applied brake pressure while monitoring the wheel speed of the inside wheels. If the inside wheel speeds remain at zero, it can be assumed that the wheels are off the ground. Alternatively, if the inside wheel speeds substantially increase, it can be assumed that the inside wheels are only lightly loaded as they were locked or nearly locked before the brake pressure was reduced. As a further alternative, if after the test pressure is removed (i.e., the brake pressure is restored to its pre-test value), the inside wheel speeds substantially decrease or decrease faster than the outer wheel speeds, it also can be assumed that the inside wheels are only lightly loaded as they were locked or nearly locked before the brake pressure was reduced.
- a slight test pressure may be applied by the single channel system to all of the wheels while monitoring the wheel speed of the inside wheels. If the wheel speed substantially decreases or decreases faster than the outer wheel speeds, it can be assumed that the wheels are off the ground or only lightly loaded. Alternatively, if after the test pressure is removed (i.e., the brake pressure is restored to its pre-test value of zero pressure), if the inside wheel speeds substantially increase or increase faster than the outer wheel speeds, it also can be assumed that the inside wheels are only lightly loaded but not off the ground as they were locked or nearly locked when the test brake pressure was applied.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a single channel roll stability system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a single channel roll stability system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a single channel roll stability system in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention. [O021] with a single channel roll stability system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example embodiment of single channel roll stability system.
- all the primary components including solenoids, pressure sensors, and an accelerometer are packaged into a single module 10.
- the module includes an electronic control unit 12 ("ECU").
- the ECU 12 houses a lateral acceleration sensor 14, whose output is monitored by ECU 12.
- the module 10 also includes a brake pressure modulator relay valve 16, which controls the flow of control air through air supply connection 18 and air exhaust connection 20 to and from the vehicle's individual brake actuators 22.
- the pressure in the lines from the modulator 16 to the brake actuators is monitored by a delivery pressure sensor 24, shown in this embodiment located inside module 10.
- modulator relay valve 16 Operation of modulator relay valve 16 is controlled in a conventional manner by supply solenoid 26, exhaust solenoid 28, and hold solenoid 30 (solenoid 30 controlling flow through brake demand line 32, which is monitored by brake demand pressure sensor 34).
- supply solenoid 26, exhaust solenoid 28, and hold solenoid 30 solenoid 30 controlling flow through brake demand line 32, which is monitored by brake demand pressure sensor 34.
- Each of the solenoids 26, 28 and 30 connect their respective supply, exhaust and brake demand lines to the control portion 36 of pressure modulator 16 in order to command the positioning of modulator 16 to apply or relieve pressure in the lines to the brake actuators 22.
- the module 10 further includes an air suspension pressure sensor 38, which detects the air pressure within the vehicle's suspension system, from which the load 40 carried by the suspension may be determined.
- the pressure sensor 38 alternatively may be located outside the module 10.
- the single-channel roll control system functions in a manner similar to existing two-channel systems, except that all brake application actions are performed on all brakes simultaneously through modulator 16. Accordingly, when a lateral acceleration is detected, rather than applying a small test pressure only to the inside wheels to assess whether the inside wheels are off the ground or only lightly loaded, in this single channel embodiment, all four brake actuators 22 are affected by the ECU's operation, via the appropriate solenoid, of modulator 16.
- ECU 12 when ECU 12 is controlling an anti-overturning intervention event, i.e., applying the brakes to attempt to prevent an incipient vehicle roll-over, rather than the two-channel system's application of the brakes only on the most-heavily loaded outside wheels (thereby avoiding lock-up of the inside wheels), ECU 12's operation of modulator 16 results in brake application of all the vehicle brakes, without regard as to whether the inside wheels have, or will, lock.
- the particular packaging of the components in the inventive system is not important, but rather that the design includes only one pressure modulator relay valve.
- the air suspension pressure sensor 38 may be remotely connected, with wiring connecting the sensor to the module.
- the delivery pressure sensor 24 and/or the lateral acceleration sensor 14 may be remotely located and connected by wiring.
- a further alternative includes replacement of the suspension pressure detection by deflection or load measurement, or elimination of direct measurement altogether if an estimate of load is provided in the ECU programming. Regardless of the specific arrangement of the components, which may be varied as needed to suit the vehicle application embodiment, a single brake pressure modulator simultaneously controls actuation of the vehicle's brakes.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present single channel roll control system, in which two modules are provided.
- the use of multiple modules permits individual modules to be located at different places on the vehicle to optimize the installation.
- one module 21 contains the supply solenoid 26 previously located within module 10 in Fig. 1 ⁇ e.g., a solenoid like a traction control solenoid), along with a double check valve 40 which ensures the appropriate flow in the supply and brake demand lines is maintained.
- the other module 11 otherwise substantially corresponds to module 10 in Fig. 1, less the supply solenoid 26.
- This module 11 is much like the Model No. TABS6 premium module, available from Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, LLC of Elyria, Ohio.
- this embodiment also relies on a single pressure modulator 16 simultaneously controlling flow to/from the brake actuators 22.
- two so-called "3-by-2" solenoids valves may be used to simplify the design of the module, albeit while requiring more complicated solenoid valves.
- a 3-by-2 supply solenoid 26 and a 3-by-2 control solenoid 42.
- the 3-by-2 supply solenoid in this embodiment can switch between the supply air 18 or the control air 32.
- the solenoid is connected to the control air by default here.
- the control solenoid 42 can switch between exhaust and either the supply or control air, as determined by the switching state of supply solenoid 26.
- a special control mode of the control solenoid may be used to smoothly apply pressure and produced hold states when required. As in the other embodiments, this variation maintains the single-channel modulator control of brake actuation.
- Fig. 4 illustrates an example logic for operation of an embodiment of the present single-channel roll stability system.
- the system monitors trailer lateral acceleration at step 110.
- a determination is made as to whether the lateral acceleration is approaching a pre-determined limit. If the pre-determined lateral acceleration limit has not been approached, control is returned to step 110 for further lateral acceleration monitoring. If it is determined that the pre-determined lateral acceleration level is being approached, a determination is made at step 130 whether the lateral acceleration gradient is above a pre-determined threshold. If the lateral acceleration gradient is above the predetermined threshold, at step 140 a determination is made as to whether the driver is applying the vehicle's service brakes.
- step 150 If the driver is not applying the service brakes, it is determined that a roll stability event is occurring and at step 150 the braking system applies automatic strong trailer service brakes to all wheels, and shifts control back to the beginning of the routine "A" at step 100. If, on the other hand, it is determined at step 140 that the driver is applying the vehicle's service brakes, then at step 170 it is determined whether the driver's brake demand is greater than the brake system's brake demand for the test pulse. If the driver's brake demand is higher, then the brake system defers to the driver, allowing at step 180 for the service brakes to be applied at the level of the driver's brake demand. Conversely, if the driver's brake demand is not greater than the brake system's demand, then a roll stability event is determined to be occurring and the application of strong brakes at step 150 is_initiated.
- the brake system calculates a desired test pulse, and at step 200 it is determined whether the driver is presently applying the vehicle's service brakes. If the driver is applying the service brakes, at step 210 it is determined whether the driver's brake demand is greater than the desired test pulse calculated in step 190. If the driver's demand is greater than the test pulse, the brake system at step 220 permits the brakes to be applied in accordance with the driver's brake demand. If, on the other hand, the driver's brake demand is determined in step 210 to not be greater than the desired test pulse, then at step 230 the brake system applies a test pulse to the service brakes.
- the test pulse applied in step 230 may be a pressure increase or a pressure decrease, depending on the state of braking, i.e., if the brakes are not being applied, a positive pressure is applied to the brakes, whereas if the brakes are already being applied, the brake pressure is slightly decreased to generate the test pulse.
- step 250 the brake system "learns" the handling characteristics of the trailer, for example, by storage of braking event data for further use in roll stability determinations.
- step 260 the brake system releases the service brake pressure applied by the test pulse (i.e., restores the brake pressure by either releasing an applied pressure or returning the reduced pressure back to the previous applied pressure), an assessment is made at step 270 whether, on restoration of the brake pressure the inside wheels recover.
- the inside wheels are judged to not have recovered if: (i) starting from the state where the brakes were applied, the wheel speed of the inside wheels decrease at a greater rate than the wheels on an outside side of the vehicle; or (ii) starting from the state where the brakes were not applied, the wheel speed of the inside wheels increase at a greater rate than the wheels on an outside side of the vehicle. If the wheels are determined in step 270 to not have recovered following restoration of pressure after removal of the test pulse, then control is shifted to step 150 and automatic strong service brake application is initiated. Otherwise, if the wheels are determined in step 270 to have recovered, system control is returned to step 100 to restart the control routine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2010012639A MX2010012639A (es) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-26 | Sistema de estabilidad contra volcaduras de un solo canal. |
CA2725205A CA2725205C (fr) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-26 | Systeme monocanal de stabilite en roulis |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/126,170 | 2008-05-23 | ||
US12/126,170 US8359146B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2008-05-23 | Single channel roll stability system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009143514A1 true WO2009143514A1 (fr) | 2009-11-26 |
Family
ID=41340588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/045152 WO2009143514A1 (fr) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-26 | Système monocanal de stabilité en roulis |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8359146B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2725205C (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2010012639A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009143514A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8359146B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2013-01-22 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | Single channel roll stability system |
DE102008002196A1 (de) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Funktionsüberprüfung eines Bauteils in einem Fahrzeug |
DE102010039181B4 (de) * | 2010-08-11 | 2022-06-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen des Kupplungszustandes |
GB2499438B (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2018-10-17 | Haldex Brake Prod Ab | Method of vehicle stability control |
US9278677B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2016-03-08 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | System and method for controlling respective braking pressures at wheels on a vehicle |
WO2015153811A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Levant Power Corporation | Système de suspension de sécurité active |
SE1450601A1 (sv) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-22 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande och system för anpassning av ett fordons framförande på en vägbana i samband med kurvkörning |
US9346440B2 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2016-05-24 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | System and method for controlling braking pressures at wheels on a vehicle |
GB2536949B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2021-05-12 | Knorr Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh | Trailer brake system |
DE102015013761A1 (de) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | Wabco Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung von Bremsen |
US10787213B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc | Apparatus for supporting a component mounting plate between trailer beams |
GB2600753A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-11 | Haldex Brake Prod Ab | A braking system |
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-
2008
- 2008-05-23 US US12/126,170 patent/US8359146B2/en active Active
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2009
- 2009-05-26 CA CA2725205A patent/CA2725205C/fr active Active
- 2009-05-26 MX MX2010012639A patent/MX2010012639A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-05-26 WO PCT/US2009/045152 patent/WO2009143514A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
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US6756890B1 (en) * | 1997-11-22 | 2004-06-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and apparatus for stabilizing a vehicle in the presence of a tilt tendency |
US20040183372A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-23 | Bernd Heuer | Method and system for preventing rollover of a vehicle train |
US20070138865A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, Llc | Single channel roll stability system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2725205A1 (fr) | 2009-11-26 |
US8359146B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 |
US20080288148A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CA2725205C (fr) | 2016-04-26 |
MX2010012639A (es) | 2010-12-21 |
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