WO2009139452A1 - 活性酸素測定用試薬 - Google Patents
活性酸素測定用試薬 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009139452A1 WO2009139452A1 PCT/JP2009/059031 JP2009059031W WO2009139452A1 WO 2009139452 A1 WO2009139452 A1 WO 2009139452A1 JP 2009059031 W JP2009059031 W JP 2009059031W WO 2009139452 A1 WO2009139452 A1 WO 2009139452A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
- G01N31/225—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols for oxygen, e.g. including dissolved oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
- C07D311/80—Dibenzopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzopyrans
- C07D311/82—Xanthenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7786—Fluorescence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound useful as a reagent for measuring active oxygen or a salt thereof.
- the present invention also relates to a reagent for measuring active oxygen containing the above compound or a salt thereof.
- free radical species such as nitric oxide act as a second messenger of information transmission in living organisms and biological phenomena, and exert various physiological actions such as controlling blood pressure in the circulatory system.
- Active oxygen that is one of the free radical species includes superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, etc.
- hydroxyl radical is a vascular disorder or brain disorder after ischemia.
- many findings related to DNA modification by ultraviolet rays have been reported, and it is considered to be a highly reactive reactive oxygen species in relation to the etiology and pathology.
- a method for detecting hydroxyl radicals under a microscope is also known, but the results in the presence of an inhibitor include elements that are different from reactions in vivo.
- DCFH-DA is extremely susceptible to auto-oxidation, so when it is necessary to observe the same visual field many times, background fluorescence due to auto-oxidation interferes with detection.
- the method is extremely inconvenient in terms of operability and storage, such as requiring operation in a dark place.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compound useful as a reagent for measuring active oxygen such as hydroxyl radical. Another object of the present invention is to provide a reagent for measuring active oxygen containing the above compound and a method for measuring active oxygen using the above compound. In particular, it is possible to provide a reagent for measuring active oxygen present in a minute amount in a living body or tissue, more specifically, active oxygen present in a minute amount in a cell over a long period of time with a bioimaging technique. It is the subject of the present invention.
- a substantially non-fluorescent compound represented by the following general formula (I) is efficient under active conditions such as hydroxyl radicals and physiological conditions. Reaction to give a dearylated fluorescent compound, and the dearylated fluorescent substance produced from the compound represented by the general formula (I) has a very high intracellular retention,
- the present invention has been found to be excellent and useful as a reagent for measuring a very small amount of active oxygen present in water.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- R 1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent
- R 2 represents a 2 -carboxyphenyl group which may have a substituent
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent -(CH 2 ) p -N (R 5 ) (R 6 ) (wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 4
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently-(CH 2 ) n -COOH (wherein , N represents an integer of 1 to 4)
- a salt thereof, or an ester thereof is provided.
- R 1 is a phenyl group substituted with an amino group or a hydroxyl group, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof; R 1 is a p-aminophenyl group or a p-hydroxyphenyl group.
- the present invention provides a reagent for measuring active oxygen containing the compound represented by the above general formula (I), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof.
- the above reagent which is a reagent for measuring reactive oxygen species having high reactivity; the above reagent wherein the active oxygen species is hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite or hypochlorous acid Is done.
- a method for measuring active oxygen comprising the following steps: (A) a step of reacting a compound represented by the above general formula (I) or a salt thereof with active oxygen, and (B) the above There is provided a method comprising measuring the fluorescence of the dearyl compound produced in step (A) (the compound in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the above general formula (I)) or a salt thereof.
- the above method which is a reagent for measuring reactive oxygen species having high reactivity; the above method wherein the active oxygen species is hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite or hypochlorous acid Is done.
- the compound of the present invention is useful as a reagent for measuring reactive oxygen species, preferably reactive oxygen species having high reactivity (such as hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, or hypochlorous acid) and reacting with the reactive oxygen species. Since the fluorescent substance produced by the above has a high intracellular retention, it has an excellent feature that a very small amount of reactive oxygen species present in the cell can be measured over a long period of time with extremely high sensitivity.
- the reagent for measuring active oxygen containing the compound of the present invention and the method for measuring active oxygen using the above compound are particularly sensitive to the measurement of active oxygen localized in specific cells and tissues in the living body by means of bioimaging. It is useful as a reagent and measurement method.
- aryl group represented by R 1 for example, a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic aryl group having 6 to 14 ring atoms can be used.
- a phenyl group or a naphthyl group More preferably, a phenyl group can be used.
- the aryl group may have one or more substituents on the ring. When it has two or more substituents, they may be the same or different.
- the type and position of the substituent are not particularly limited.
- a C 1-6 alkyl group the alkyl group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
- C 1-6 haloalkyl group C 1-6 alkenyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, halogen atom (halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine Atom or iodine atom), cyano group, nitro group, amino group which may have a substituent, carboxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, C 1-6 alkanoyl group, C 1-6 haloalkanoyl group, aroyl A group, a hydroxyl group, an alkylenedioxy group, or the like can be used as a substituent.
- R 1 is preferably a substituted phenyl group, and more preferably a mono-substituted phenyl group.
- the mono-substituted phenyl group an unsubstituted amino group or a phenyl group having a hydroxyl group is particularly suitable.
- the substitution position of the substituent is preferably the ortho position or the para position.
- R 1 is particularly preferably a p-aminophenyl group or a p-hydroxyphenyl group.
- the benzene ring of the 2-carboxyphenyl group represented by R 2 may have one or more substituents. When it has two or more substituents, they may be the same or different.
- the substituent on the benzene ring the group described for the aryl group can be used, and R 2 is preferably an unsubstituted 2-carboxyphenyl group.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent — (CH 2 ) n —COOH, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1. Indicates.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may exist as a salt.
- the salt include base addition salts, acid addition salts, amino acid salts and the like.
- the base addition salt include metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, ammonium salt, or organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, piperidine salt, morpholine salt, and acid addition salt.
- examples thereof include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, and nitrate, and organic acid salts such as methanesulfonate, paratoluenesulfonate, citrate, and oxalate.
- amino acid salts include glycine salts.
- the salt of the compound of the present invention is not limited to these. Among these, physiologically acceptable water-soluble salts can be suitably used for the reagent and measurement method of the present invention.
- the ester of the compound represented by the general formula (I) is 1 or 2 selected from the group consisting of the carboxy group of the 2-carboxyphenyl group represented by R 2 and the carboxy group present in each two in R 3 and R 4
- Two or more carboxy group esters can be used, and preferably one or two or more carboxy group esters selected from the group consisting of a total of four carboxy groups each present in R 3 and R 4 are used. be able to. More preferably an ester of 3 or more carboxyl groups selected from the group consisting of a total of four carboxy groups present two each in R 3 and R 4, respectively Particularly preferred for R 3 and R 4 2 A total of 4 esters of carboxy groups present one by one. When two or more esters are present, the ester residues may be the same or different.
- the ester is preferably a physiologically acceptable ester.
- suitable ester residues include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, benzyl group, acetoxymethyl group, 1- (acetoxy) ethyl group , Propionyloxymethyl group, 1- (propionyloxy) ethyl group, butyryloxymethyl group, 1- (butyryloxy) ethyl group, isobutyryloxymethyl group, 1- (isobutyryloxy) ethyl group, valeryloxy Methyl group, 1- (valeryloxy) ethyl group, isovaleryloxymethyl group, 1- (isovaleryloxy) ethyl group, pivaloyloxymethyl group, 1- (pivaloyloxy) ethyl group, methoxycarbonyloxymethyl group, 1- (methoxycarbon
- the free form of the compound represented by the general formula (I), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof may exist as a hydrate or a solvate, and any of these substances is included in the scope of the present invention.
- the kind of solvent which forms a solvate is not specifically limited, For example, solvents, such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, can be illustrated.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may have one or more asymmetric carbons depending on the type of substituent, and there are stereoisomers such as optical isomers or diastereoisomers. There is a case. Pure forms of stereoisomers, any mixture of stereoisomers, racemates, and the like are all within the scope of the present invention.
- the carboxy group of the 2-carboxyphenyl group in the compound represented by the general formula (I) may form a lactone ring in the molecule, but the compound forming the lactone ring is also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.
- optically active substances based on the lactone formation are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the compound of the present invention represented by the general formula (I) is generally prepared by introducing R 3 and R 4 into a corresponding fluorescein compound to produce a compound in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom. It can be produced by arylation.
- the means for arylation is specifically shown in International Publication No. WO01 / 64664.
- an alkali metal salt of a fluorescein compound is prepared and reacted with an aryl iodide compound in a suitable solvent. That's fine. Since the production method of a representative compound of the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention is specifically shown in the examples of the present specification, those skilled in the art will be based on the specific description of the examples.
- the compound of the present invention can be easily produced by appropriately selecting starting materials and reaction reagents, and appropriately changing or modifying the reaction conditions and steps as necessary.
- the target product can be efficiently produced by carrying out the reaction while protecting specific functional groups as necessary in the reaction step.
- Organic synthesis Protective Groups, Organic Synthesis, TWGreene, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1981
- Organic synthesis and the like can be selected by those skilled in the art.
- isolation and purification of the product in the above production method can be performed by appropriately combining methods used in ordinary organic synthesis, for example, filtration, extraction, washing, drying, concentration, crystallization, various chromatography, and the like.
- the production intermediate in the above step can be subjected to the next reaction without particular purification.
- the salt of the compound of the present invention when the salt of each compound is obtained in the above production method, it may be purified as it is.
- the free form compound is obtained, the free form compound is obtained. Is dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent, a base is added to form a salt, and purification may be performed as necessary.
- the compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) or a salt thereof reacts with active oxygen under mild conditions, for example, physiological conditions to produce a dearyl fluorescein compound (general formula (I) In which R 1 is a hydrogen atom) or a salt thereof.
- the compound of the general formula (I) or a salt thereof is substantially non-fluorescent, while the dearylated fluorescein compound or a salt thereof has a property of emitting high intensity fluorescence. Therefore, after reacting the compound represented by the above formula (I) or a salt thereof with active oxygen, and measuring the fluorescence of the dearylated compound or the salt thereof, the active oxygen is selectively and highly sensitive. It is possible to measure.
- This reaction mode is specifically described in International Publication No. WO01 / 64664.
- ester of the compound represented by the general formula (I) may not itself have a property of reacting with active oxygen to give a fluorescent substance, but it has migrated into the cell through the cell membrane, for example. Later, the ester is cleaved by a hydrolase and converted to a compound represented by the general formula (I), and the generated compound represented by the general formula (I) reacts with active oxygen to give a fluorescent substance. Therefore, the ester of the compound represented by the general formula (I) can be used as a cell membrane-permeable reagent for measuring active oxygen.
- the type of active oxygen that can be measured by the reagent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the like can be measured.
- hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, or hypochlorous acid can be measured with high sensitivity and selectivity.
- active oxygen localized in individual cells or specific tissues can be measured accurately and simply.
- the active oxygen measurement method of the present invention generally comprises (A) a step of reacting a compound represented by the above general formula (I) or a salt thereof with active oxygen, and (B) the above step (A). And the step of measuring the fluorescence of the dearyl compound produced in (corresponding to the compound in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the above general formula (I)) or a salt thereof.
- the above-mentioned step (A ) Proceeds.
- the fluorescence of a dearylated compound or a salt thereof can be measured by a usual method, such as a method for measuring a fluorescence spectrum in vitro or a method for measuring a fluorescence spectrum in vivo using a bioimaging method. Can be adopted.
- a gamma radiolysis method can be used as a quantitative hydroxyl radical generation system.
- a naphthalene end peroxide system (Saito, I,. Et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, pp.6329-6334, 1985) can be used as a system for generating term oxygen.
- the ester of the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention has a property of permeating through a cell membrane and being taken up into a cell, and highly sensitive to active oxygen localized in each cell by a bioimaging technique. Can be measured.
- the compound represented by the above formula (I), a salt thereof, or an ester thereof may be used as it is, but if necessary, an additive usually used for the preparation of the reagent May be used as a composition.
- additives such as solubilizers, pH adjusters, buffers, and isotonic agents can be used as additives for using the reagent in a physiological environment, and the amount of these additives is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. Is possible.
- These compositions are provided as a composition in an appropriate form such as a mixture in a powder form, a lyophilized product, a granule, a tablet, or a liquid.
- Example 1 The compounds of the present invention were prepared according to the following scheme.
- the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the residue after evaporation of the solvent was roughly purified by silica gel chromatography (developing solvent: 1,2-dichloroethane / methanol) and then purified by HPLC to obtain a pale yellow powder of compound 4 (252.6 mg Yield: 72.1%).
- Example 3 Changes in fluorescence spectrum were measured by reacting compound 5 (APC) with various active oxygen species or nitrogen species. The measurement was performed as follows. (1) Hydroxyl radical 10 ⁇ M APC in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4, containing 0.02% DMF as a co-solvent) Then, an iron (II) perchlorate aqueous solution was added dropwise so that the final concentrations were 0 ⁇ M, 50 ⁇ M, 100 ⁇ M, 200 ⁇ M, 300 ⁇ M, 500 ⁇ M, 1000 ⁇ M, and 2000 ⁇ M. Immediately after the dropping, the fluorescence spectrum was measured with excitation light at 494 nm with a fluorometer.
- Nitric oxide 10 ⁇ M APC phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 7.4, containing 0.02% DMF as a co-solvent) at 37 ° C. with stirring in a cuvette, NOC-13 (1-hydroxy-2 -Oxo-3- (3-aminopropyl) -3-ethyl-1-triazene: nitrogen monoxide releasing agent) was added to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ mol / L, and after 30 minutes, it was converted to excitation light at 494 nm with a fluorometer. The fluorescence spectrum was measured.
- FIG. 2 The result is shown in figure 2.
- (A) is hydroxyl radical
- (B) is peroxynitrite
- (C) is hypochlorous acid
- (D) is singlet oxygen
- (E) is superoxide
- (F) is peroxidized.
- Hydrogen and (G) show the results for nitric oxide.
- APC rapidly reacts with highly reactive reactive oxygen species (hROS) such as hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, or hypochlorous acid, and the fluorescence intensity increases in a concentration-dependent manner.
- hROS highly reactive reactive oxygen species
- Example 4 Imaging of active oxygen species in living cells was performed using Compound 5 (APC).
- Ester-type compound 6 (APC-AM, 1.0 ⁇ M; 0.1% dimethylformamide (co-solvent)) with enhanced cell membrane permeability of APC was added to the medium and loaded on HeLa cells for 15 minutes, followed by 500 ⁇ M sodium hypochlorite. Stimulation was performed.
- (A) shows the result before sodium hypochlorite stimulation
- Example 5 Compound 5 (APC) of the present invention and the conventional fluorescent probe aminophenylfluorescein (APF) were applied to HL-60 cells to compare the reactivity with reactive oxygen species and the intracellular retention of reaction products. went. Since HL-60 cells are blood cell suspension cells and have myeloperoxidase, it is known that hydrogen chloride and chloride ions react in the cells to produce hypochlorous acid. APC-AM (10 ⁇ M; 1.0% dimethylformamide (co-solvent)), an intracellular form of APC, is added to the medium, loaded onto HL-60 cells for 60 minutes, preincubated for 30 minutes, and stimulated with 100 ⁇ M hydrogen peroxide.
- APC-AM 10 ⁇ M; 1.0% dimethylformamide (co-solvent)
- APF and APC-AM both 10 ⁇ M; 1.0% dimethylformamide (co-solvent) were added to the medium and loaded on HL-60 cells for 60 minutes, followed by 100 ⁇ M hydrogen peroxide stimulation for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the fluorescence intensity was measured periodically (0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes) by FACS.
- FIG. 6 (A) to (C) show the results of APF, (D) to (F) show the results of APC-AM, (A) and (D) immediately after hydrogen peroxide stimulation, (B) and (E) The results after 30 minutes (C) and (F) 60 minutes are shown.
- Fluorescein produced by the reaction between APF and reactive oxygen species is observed to remain in the cell immediately after stimulation because an increase in fluorescence intensity is observed (A), but leaks quickly from the cell after the reaction. After 30 minutes, detection became difficult (B, C).
- calcein produced by the reaction of APC and reactive oxygen species generated by hydrolysis of APC-AM in the cell does not change in fluorescence intensity immediately after stimulation and is retained in the cell for a long time. It was confirmed that Therefore, it was shown that a trace amount of reactive oxygen species (particularly, a trace amount of reactive oxygen species in cells) can be detected with high sensitivity over a long period of time by APC.
- the reagent for measuring active oxygen containing the compound of the present invention and the method for measuring active oxygen using the above compound are particularly sensitive to the measurement of active oxygen localized in specific cells and tissues in the living body by means of bioimaging. It is useful as a reagent and measurement method.
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Abstract
Description
この発明の好ましい態様によれば、反応性の高い活性酸素種の測定用試薬である上記の試薬;活性酸素種がヒドロキシルラジカル、パーオキシナイトライト、又は次亜塩素酸である上記の試薬が提供される。
この発明の好ましい態様によれば、反応性の高い活性酸素種の測定用試薬である上記の方法;活性酸素種がヒドロキシルラジカル、パーオキシナイトライト、又は次亜塩素酸である上記の方法が提供される。
フルオレセイン 1 (1.01 g, 3.04 mmol) とジエチルイミノジアセテート(1.6 mg, 9.1 mmol)及びパラホルムアルデヒド(0.31 g, 10.3 mmol) をアセトニトリル(35 ml) と水(15 ml) の混合溶液に懸濁させ、24時間加熱還流した。室温まで放冷後、溶媒を減圧除去してシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (展開溶媒;1,2-ジクロルエタン) により精製し、淡黄色粉末の化合物2 (2.078 g, 収率:93.1%) を得た。
化合物2 (1.345 g, 1.83 mmol)と4-フルオロニトロベンゼン (0.29 g, 2.06 mmol)及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.58 g, 5.5 mmol)をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO, 5 ml) に溶解して8時間加熱還流した。室温まで放冷後、2N 塩酸で中和し1,2-ジクロルエタン/飽和食塩水で抽出した。有機層を集めて硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濾過した後に溶媒を留去して未精製の化合物3を得た。これをNHシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (展開溶媒;n-ヘキサン/1,2-ジクロルエタン) で精製して黄色固体の化合物3 (251.6 mg, 収率:19.4%) を得た。
化合物3 (363.1 mg, 0.424 mmol) と10% Pd-C (23.6 mg) をメタノール/1,2-ジクロルエタン=1:9 (10 ml) に加えて水素ガス置換して1時間接触還元した。触媒を濾去し、溶媒を留去した後の残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー (展開溶媒:1,2-ジクロルエタン/メタノール) で粗精製した後、HPLCにより精製して淡黄色粉末の化合物4 (252.6 mg, 収率:72.1%) を得た。
化合物4 (42.2 mg, 0.05 mmol) を1N 水酸化カリウム メタノール溶液(40 ml) に溶解して12時間攪拌した。2N HCl 水溶液で中和した後に溶媒を留去し、HPLCにより精製して淡黄色粉末の化合物5 (24.5 mg, 収率:67.2%) を得た。
化合物5 (23.1 mg, 0.03 mmol) とジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIEA, 167.5 mg, 1.3 mmol) およびブロモメチルアセテート(198.9 mg, 1.3 mmol) をジメチルホルムアミド(5 ml) に溶解し、アルゴン置換して12時間攪拌した。酢酸エチルとpH 7.4のリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(Na-Pi buffer)を用いて抽出し、有機層を集めて硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥して濾過した後、溶媒を留去して残渣をHPCLにより精製して白色粉末の化合物6 (6.8 mg, 21.0%) を得た。
1H-NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ 8.00 ( d, 1H, J=7.6 ), 7.83-7.71 ( m, 2H ), 7.32 ( d, 2H, J=7.2 ), 7.15 ( d, 2H, J=7.2 ), 7.03 ( d, 2H, J=8.8 ), 6.74 ( d, 1H, J=8.8 ), 6.66 ( d, 1H, J=8.8 ), 6.63 ( d, 1H, J=8.8 ), 6.54 ( d, 1H, J=8.8 ), 4.44-4.32 ( m, 4H ), 3.75 ( s, 4H ), 3.71 ( s, 4H )
13C-NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ 171.7, 171.6, 168.7, 159.3, 158.5, 158.2, 157.4, 152.5, 150.8, 149.9, 135.8, 130.3, 128.9, 128.6, 125.7, 124.9, 124.1, 122.1, 120.3, 118.1, 115.2, 113.9, 113.0, 112.8, 109.3, 82.6, 54.1, 53.8, 47.4, 46.3
HRMS ( ESI+ ): m/z calcd for ( M+H )+, 714.19351; found, 714.19434
1H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ 8.49 ( d, 1H, J=7.3 ), 7.71-7.59 ( m, 2H ), 7.24 ( d, 2H, J=7.7 ), 6.8 ( d, 2H, J=8.2 ), 6.65 ( d, 2H, J=8.6 ), 6.61 ( s, 2H ), 6.56 ( d, 1H, J=9.0 ), 6.36 ( d, 1H, J=9.0 ), 5.83-5.80 ( m, 4H ), 5.65 ( s, 4H ), 4.62 ( d, 1H, J=8.8 ), 4.42 ( d, 1H, J=14.1 ), 4.32 ( d, 1H, J=12.6 ), 4.32 ( d, 1H, J=9.5 ), 4.30 ( d, 1H, J=11.0), 3.88 ( s, 4H ), 3.73 ( d, 4H, J=4.8 ), 2.08 ( s, 6H ), 2.03 ( s, 6H )
HRMS (ESI-): m/z calcd for ( M-H )-, 1000.26238; found, 1000.26361
化合物5(APC)は活性酸素種と特異的に反応する部位を分子内に有するほぼ無蛍光性(Φf=0.007)の物質である。この物質は活性酸素種と特異的に反応してカルセイン(calcein)となって蛍光を発する。このカルセインのテトラアセトキシメチルエステルとフルオレセインのジアセチルエステルをHL-60細胞に取り込ませ、カルセインとフルオレセインの細胞内滞留性を評価した。結果を図1(上図)に示す。カルセイン(棒グラフ左)は60分後でもほとんどHL-60細胞内の蛍光強度が下がらないのに対し、フルオレセイン(棒グラフ右)は15分後であってもHL-60細胞内の蛍光強度が10分の1以下に低下していることが分かる。フルオレセインの蛍光強度低下はフルオレセインの細胞外への漏出が原因であり、カルセインが極めて優れた細胞内滞留性を有していることが示された。また、従来の活性酸素測定用蛍光プローブであるHPF及びAPF(積水メディカル株式会社)は活性酸素種と反応してフルオレセインとなり蛍光を発するが、このフルオレセインのpKaは6.4であり生理的条件下における蛍光強度の安定性に乏しいという問題がある。一方、APCから生成するカルセインのpKaはおよそ5.4であり(図1、下図)、生理的pHにおける蛍光強度が安定しており、かつ非常に大きい(Φf=0.793)。従って、APCを用いることで従来の活性酸素測定用プローブでは達成しえなかった長時間にわたる高感度の観察が可能となることが示された。
化合物5(APC)と様々な活性酸素種又は窒素種とを反応させて蛍光スペクトル変化を測定した。測定は以下のように行った。
(1)ヒドロキシルラジカル
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む)を室温下、フラスコ内で激しく攪拌しながら1 M 過酸化水素水溶液を終濃度1 mMとなるように加え、次いで過塩素酸鉄(II)水溶液を終濃度0μM、50μM、100μM、200μM、300μM、500μM、1000μM、2000μMとなるように滴下した。滴下後直ちに蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む)を37℃で、キュベット中で攪拌しながら、パーオキシナイトライトの0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を終濃度0μM、1μM、2μM、3μM、4μM、5μM、10μMとなるように滴下した。30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む)を37℃で、キュベット中で攪拌しながら、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を終濃度0μM、1μM、2μM、3μM、4μM、5μM、10μMとなるように滴下した。30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む)を37℃、キュベット中で攪拌しながら、熱依存的に一重項酸素を放出することが知られている一重項酸素放出剤EP-1(3-(1,4-ジヒドロ-1,4-エピジオキシ-1-ナフチル)プロピオン酸)のDMF溶液を終濃度100μMになるように添加し、30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む) を37℃、キュベット中で攪拌しながら、終濃度10μMとなるようキサンチンオキシダーゼ水溶液を加え、続いて終濃度10μMとなるようにキサンチン-DMF溶液を添加した。30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む) を37℃、キュベット中で攪拌しながら過酸化水素水溶液を終濃度100μMとなるように添加し、30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
10μMのAPCのリン酸緩衝液溶液(0.1 M、pH 7.4、共溶媒として0.02% DMFを含む) を37℃、キュベット中で攪拌しながらNOC-13(1-ヒドロキシ-2-オキソ-3-(3-アミノプロピル)-3-エチル-1-トリアゼン:一酸化窒素放出剤)を終濃度10μmol/Lとなるよう添加し、30分後に蛍光光度計で494nmの励起光にて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。
溶出溶媒 : A = H2O / 0.1 % トリフルオロ酢酸:B = 80 % アセトニトリル / 20 % 水 / 0.1 % トリフルオロ酢酸:A / B = 95 / 5 で分析を開始し、5分後から30分のリニアグラジェントでA / B =20 / 80 とする。
検出 : 蛍光 (ex./em.=470 nm/525nm)
カラム : ODS-3, 4.6 x 250 mm
流速 : 1 mL / min
化合物5(APC)を用いて生細胞内活性酸素種のイメージングを行った。APCの細胞膜透過性を高めたエステル型の化合物6(APC-AM、1.0μM; 0.1% ジメチルホルムアミド(共溶媒))を培地に加えHeLa細胞に15分間負荷した後、500μMの次亜塩素酸ナトリウム刺激を行った。(A)が次亜塩素酸ナトリウム刺激前、(B)が次亜塩素酸ナトリウム刺激後の結果を示す。次亜塩素酸ナトリウム刺激後に非常に強い蛍光が観察されたことから、APC-AMが非侵襲的に細胞内に導入された後に加水分解を受けてAPCが細胞内で生成し、このAPCが次亜塩素酸と反応して非常に強い蛍光を発することが確認された(図4)。この結果から本発明の化合物は次亜塩素酸等の生細胞内の活性酸素種の蛍光イメージングにおいても有用であることが示された。
本発明の化合物5(APC)と従来の蛍光プローブであるアミノフェニルフルオレセイン(APF)をHL-60細胞に適用して、活性酸素種との反応性及び反応生成物の細胞内滞留性の比較を行った。HL-60細胞は、血球系の浮遊細胞でありミエロペルオキシダーゼを有しているため、細胞内で過酸化水素と塩素イオンが反応して次亜塩素酸が生成することが知られている。APCの細胞内導入形であるAPC-AM (10μM; 1.0% ジメチルホルムアミド(共溶媒)) を培地に加えHL-60細胞に60分間負荷した後、30分間プレインキュベートし、100μMの過酸化水素刺激を15分行った後、FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting)により蛍光強度を測定した。結果を図5に示す。(A)は過酸化水素刺激前のHL-60細胞、(B)は過酸化水素刺激を行わずに15分間経過したHL-60細胞、(C)は酸化水素刺激後15分間経過したHL-60細胞の測定結果を示している。(A)と(B)には有意な差は無く、過酸化水素刺激を行った(C)のみ蛍光強度が20倍以上上昇した。よって、HL-60細胞が産生した活性酸素種はAPCと反応させることによりFACSで測定可能なことが示された。
Claims (7)
- R1がp-アミノフェニル基又はp-ヒドロキシフェニル基である請求項1に記載の化合物、その塩、又はそのエステル。
- R2が2-カルボキシフェニル基である請求項1又は2に記載の化合物、その塩、又はそのエステル。
- R3及びR4が-(CH2)-N[(CH2)-COOH]2である請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、その塩、又はそのエステル。
- エステルがR3及びR4におけるテトラアセトキシメチルエステルである請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物のエステル。
- 請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、その塩、又はそのエステルを含む活性酸素測定用試薬。
- 活性酸素種がヒドロキシルラジカル、パーオキシナイトライト、又は次亜塩素酸である請求項6に記載の試薬。
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