WO2009133927A1

WO2009133927A1 - Livestock feed, method for production thereof, and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2009133927A1
Application number: PCT/JP2009/058487
Authority: WO
Inventors: 浩亦野; 稔正杉江; 友里松井; 英午坂本; 淳平吉田
Original assignee: 株式会社メニコン; 中部飼料株式会社
Priority date: 2008-04-30
Filing date: 2009-04-30
Publication date: 2009-11-05
Also published as: TW200948282A; JP2009261374A; KR20100126849A; CN102006784A

Abstract

Disclosed is a livestock feed which is produced by adding at least one microorganism selected from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus and a microorganism belonging to the genus Geobacillus, such as at least one microorganism selected from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans and Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticas to a feed raw material to ferment the feed raw material by the action of the at least one microorganism. Preferably, the total energy of a dried product of the livestock feed corresponds to 60% or more of the total energy of a dried product of the feed raw material which is not fermented yet.

Description

Livestock feed, method for producing the same, and method for using the same

The present invention relates to a livestock feed obtained by fermenting a feed material using a specific microorganism and a method for producing the same. The invention also relates to a method of using the livestock feed for the purpose of adjusting the microflora in livestock excreta.

In the current Japanese food manufacturing industry, food distribution industry, and restaurant industry, a large amount of food residues, such as food production by-products and surplus food, are discarded. Most of food residues are currently incinerated or landfilled. Thus, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources, use of food residue as a circulating resource for feed or fertilizer has been studied. Most feed raw materials consumed in Japan currently depend on imports, and by using food residues as feed raw materials, it is expected to improve the feed self-sufficiency rate and reduce the environmental burden due to food residues. Recycled feed using such food residues is also called ecofeed (registered trademark of the Japan Integrated Feed Supply Stabilization Organization), and its usage has increased in recent years.

Food residue has a large amount of water, and reuse as it is as feed is not preferable in terms of safety and storage stability. Therefore, processing for preventing spoilage and odor generation is performed on the food residue. Specifically, it is known to dry food residues by, for example, oil temperature vacuum dehydration drying, boil drying, or high temperature drying. However, both of these methods have a problem that a very large energy cost is required.

Therefore, it has been proposed to carry out a combination of fermentation treatment and drying treatment after adding microorganisms to food residues. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses fermentation and drying of garbage obtained by adding microorganisms using an on-vehicle garbage disposal device. Patent Document 2 discloses that organic substances such as garbage are disposed on a floor portion having an air passage, and the organic substances are fermented and dried while being stirred using a rotary rotary blade.

However, even with the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the energy cost required for fermentation and drying of feed materials is still not sufficiently low, and a considerable amount of time is also a problem. Furthermore, according to the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the total energy (gross energy) and nutritional value of the feed obtained by fermenting and drying the feed raw material may decrease due to overfermentation or the like.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-34117 JP 2006-116529 A

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a livestock feed that can reduce the energy cost required for production, and a method for producing and using the livestock feed.

The present inventors have found the usefulness of Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms in producing livestock feed from food residues, and have completed the present invention.
That is, in order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, the feed raw material is for livestock obtained by fermentation by at least one action selected from a Bacillus microorganism and a Geobacillus microorganism mixed with the feed raw material. Feed is provided. At least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms blended in the feed material is, for example, at least one of Geobacillus thermodenitricans and Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus. The total energy of the livestock feed preferably corresponds to 60% or more of the total energy of the feed raw material before fermentation on a dry matter basis. It is preferable that a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is further blended in the feed material to be subjected to fermentation.

In another aspect of the present invention, a step of blending at least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms into feed materials, and a step of fermenting feed materials by at least one action selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms A method for producing livestock feed comprising: At least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms mixed in the feed material is, for example, at least one of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans and Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus. The step of fermenting the feed material is preferably terminated when 60% or more of the total energy of the feed material before fermentation remains on a dry matter basis. The step of fermenting the feed raw material is preferably terminated when the water content is reduced to less than 40%. It is preferable that a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is further blended in the feed material to be subjected to fermentation. The step of fermenting the feed material is preferably performed using a closed fermentation processing apparatus having a stirring function and a blowing function, an in-vehicle closed fermentation processing apparatus, a lane fermentation processing apparatus, or a pit fermentation processing apparatus. .

In still another aspect of the present invention, the steps of preparing livestock feed according to the first aspect and adjusting the microflora in livestock excrement by feeding livestock feed to livestock are provided. A method for using livestock feed is provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a livestock feed capable of reducing the energy cost required for production, and a method for producing and using the livestock feed.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In this embodiment, livestock feed is produced by subjecting a feed raw material containing at least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms to a high-temperature fermentation treatment. A polysaccharide-degrading enzyme may be further blended in the feed material used for the high-temperature fermentation treatment.

The feed raw material used is not particularly limited as long as it contains a fibrous polysaccharide that serves as a nutrient source for livestock. For example, food residues generated in the food manufacturing industry, food distribution industry, and restaurant industry can be used as feed raw materials. Food residues include raw okara, brewing by-products (eg, sake lees, shochu, beer lees and miso), food production by-products such as fruit juice residues, and surplus food. Among them, raw okara is preferable because it has a high nutritional value and can be obtained at low cost. The moisture content in the feed material is not particularly limited. However, when a feed material having a high water content is used, it is preferable to blend the organic fiber material with the feed material in advance. This improves the breathability during the fermentation process.

Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms are normally Gram stain positive, have spore-forming ability, and are facultative anaerobic bacteria. In addition, Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms can grow in the range of room temperature (about 20 ° C.) to about 90 ° C., and function to raise the temperature during fermentation of feed materials to, for example, about 50 to about 90 ° C. To do. Specific examples of Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms include, for example, Bacillus alvei, B. amylolyticus, Bacillus azotofixans, Bacillus circulans ( B. circulans), B. glucanolyticus, B. larvae, B. lautus, B. lentimorbus, B. macerans ), Bacillus macquariensis (B. macquariensis), Bacillus pavali (B. pabuli), Bacillus polymixer (B. polymyxa), Bacillus popilliae (B. popilliae), Bacillus cyclosaccharolyticus (B. psychrosaccharolyticus), Bacillus parvifaciens (B. チル pulvifaciens), Bacillus thiami B. thiaminolyticus, B. validus, B. alcalophilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. カロ atrophaeus B. carotarum), Bacillus farmus (B. firmus), Bacillus flexus (B. flexus), Bacillus laterosporus (B. laterosporus), Bacillus lentus (B. lentus), Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis), Bacillus megaterium, B. mycoides, B. niacini, Bacillus pantothenticus, B. パ pumilus, Bacillus simplex (B) .Simplex), Bacillus subtilis, Bachi Ruth Salingensis (B. thuringiensis), Bacillus sphaericus (B. ), Geobacillus subterranens, Geobacillus mol thermolleovorans and Geobacillus ド caldoxylosilyticas.

Among them, microorganisms belonging to the genus Geobacillus, in particular, the deposit number NITE deposited on December 26, 2005 at the Patent Microorganism Depositary, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusa Kamashita, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan Geobacillus caldoxyl containing the microorganism of BP-157 and the microorganism of the accession number NITE BP-567 deposited on April 16, 2008 at the Patent Microorganism Depositary Center for Product Evaluation Technology, Japan Osilicus is suitable when a food residue is used as a feed material. The microorganism used may be a microorganism stored in a depository organization or a microorganism isolated from the natural world.

The scientific properties of Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus (C120702A strain) with the deposit number NITE BP-567 are shown below.
・ Gram-positive bacillus ・ Spore formation ・ Soybean ・ Casein ・ Digested agar medium at 65 ℃ for 7 hours to form a rough colony ・ Nitrate-reducing ability ・ Gas production Degradation of polysaccharides mixed with feed ingredients as needed The enzyme serves to promote fermentation of feed materials by generating low-molecular sugars (for example, glucose) that serve as nutrients for Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms. Specific examples of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes include cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase, and pectinase. By blending the polysaccharide-degrading enzyme, the decomposition reaction of polysaccharide dietary fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan and pectin, which are contained in a large amount in feed raw materials, is promoted.

The polysaccharide-degrading enzyme used may be an exo-type degrading enzyme that cleaves a specific number of sugar units from the end of the sugar chain, or may be an endo-type degrading enzyme whose cleavage mode is random. . The optimum temperature of the polysaccharide-degrading enzyme to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 15 ° C to 80 ° C.

To prevent a significant decrease in digestible energy and metabolicizable energy due to over-fermentation, the total energy of livestock feed (cal / kg) is the total energy of the feed material before fermentation on a dry matter basis. It is preferable to correspond to 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more. It can be said that the nutritional value of livestock feed is relatively high because the total energy of livestock feed corresponds to 60% or more of the total energy of feed raw materials. The total energy of livestock feed and feed raw material can be determined by measuring the content (content ratio) of sugar, lipid, and protein in the livestock feed and feed raw material, respectively.

The water content of livestock feed is preferably less than 40%, more preferably less than 20%, and even more preferably less than 13.5%. When the water content of the livestock feed is less than 40%, the storage stability of the livestock feed is improved since the decay of the livestock feed due to the spoilage bacteria is suppressed.

The high-temperature fermentation process at the time of production of livestock feed is carried out while standing or stirring. When high-temperature fermentation treatment is performed with stirring, oxygen is efficiently replenished, so that it is easy to maintain the fermentation temperature within a certain range and the vaporization of moisture in the feed material is promoted. The In the high temperature fermentation process, a known raw material processing apparatus for livestock feed may be used. Specific examples of the raw material treatment apparatus include, for example, a closed fermentation treatment apparatus having a stirring function and a blowing function, an in-vehicle closed fermentation treatment apparatus, a lane fermentation treatment apparatus, and a pit fermentation treatment apparatus. When such a raw material processing apparatus is used, the time and labor required for the fermentation process are reduced.

For example, when a Geobacillus microorganism or Geobacillus microorganism is mixed with a raw material such as raw okara together with a polysaccharide degrading enzyme cellulase, the decomposition reaction of the raw material proceeds as follows.

First, as primary decomposition, cellulose in feed raw material is decomposed and reduced in molecular weight by cellulase. Along with the decomposition of cellulose, microorganisms that feed on low molecular weight cellulose (sugar) grow. The temperature of the feed material gradually rises to around 45 to 50 ° C. due to the metabolic fermentation heat of the microorganisms, and the selective growth of Bacillus microorganisms or Geobacillus microorganisms which are thermophilic bacteria begins.

Aerobic fermentation of Bacillus microorganisms or Geobacillus microorganisms is induced by actively mixing air with the feed raw material by stirring or using a blower. As a result, Bacillus microorganisms or Geobacillus microorganisms actively grow, and the temperature of the feed raw material rises to about 60 ° C to about 95 ° C. Under such a high temperature, the vaporization of water in the feed material and the lowering of the polymer fiber and protein in the feed material proceed. Under such a high temperature, the growth of spoilage anaerobic bacteria is suppressed and the coliform bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are sterilized.

The fermentation treatment of the feed material is terminated when 60% or more of the total energy of the feed material before fermentation remains on a dry matter basis. That is, the fermentation treatment of the feed material is terminated before the fermentation of the feed material is completely completed. Thereby, livestock feed with relatively high total energy and nutritional value can be easily obtained.

The fermentation treatment of the feed raw material is preferably terminated when the water content has decreased to less than 40%. Since the moisture content is easy to monitor, it is convenient to use the moisture content of the feed material to determine when to end the fermentation process. When the water content is less than 40%, the rate of progress of fermentation decreases. The end of the fermentation process is performed by stopping the supply of oxygen by stirring or by forcibly cooling.

The livestock feed obtained as described above can be fed directly to livestock without requiring sterilization treatment by heating. Livestock to which livestock feed is fed is not particularly limited, and examples include chickens, cows, pigs, horses, and sheep. Livestock feed may be mixed with commercially available livestock feed and fed to livestock. Commercial livestock feed to be mixed is not particularly limited. Moreover, you may mix | blend additives, such as hydrolytic enzymes other than a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, useful microbes, such as yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and a nutritional supplement, with livestock feed, for example.

According to the present embodiment, the following advantages can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, at least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms is used in the fermentation treatment of feed raw materials. Thereby, the fermentation process of a feed raw material is performed under high temperature. By performing the fermentation treatment of the feed raw material at a high temperature, the vaporization of moisture in the feed raw material is promoted, and as a result, the energy cost required for the production of livestock feed is suppressed. Moreover, under such high temperatures, the growth of spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria is suitably suppressed.

The fermentation treatment of the feed material is terminated before the fermentation of the feed material is completely completed, preferably at a stage where 60% or more of the total energy of the feed material remains on a dry matter basis. Thereby, the feed for livestock with comparatively high total energy amount and nutritional value can be obtained easily.

When a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is added to the feed material, the polysaccharide-degrading enzyme generates low-molecular sugars that serve as nutrients for the Bacillus and Geobacillus microorganisms, thereby producing the Bacillus and Geobacillus microorganisms. Fermentation of feed raw materials by means of is promoted.

When the fermentation treatment of the feed raw material is terminated when the water content is less than 40%, a livestock feed having good storage stability can be easily obtained. Since the moisture content is easy to monitor, it is convenient to use the moisture content of the feed material to determine the progress of the fermentation.

When food residue is used as a feed material, it is advantageous in that the food residue can be effectively used. If the amount of food residue to be disposed of is reduced, the environmental load due to food residue is reduced.

When the feed raw material fermentation process is performed using a sealed fermentation processing apparatus having a stirring function and a blowing function, an in-vehicle sealed fermentation processing apparatus, a lane fermentation processing apparatus, or a pit fermentation processing apparatus, The time and labor required for the fermentation process are reduced.

The livestock feed obtained as a result of the fermentation treatment of the feed raw material in this embodiment contains at least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms. Therefore, by feeding the livestock feed to livestock, the microflora in the livestock excrement can be adjusted. Thereby, it is expected that malodor such as ammonia odor generated from the excrement of livestock is reduced. Moreover, when using the excrement of the livestock for compost, at least 1 type chosen from the Bacillus genus microorganisms and Geobacillus genus microorganisms contained in excrement can be used as an inoculum.

Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
Enclosed fermentation process equipment (Chubu Ecotech) with 40 kg of fermented material made by Menicon Co., which contains Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus and exo-type cellulase, with 75% water content ). And the feed for livestock of Example 1 was manufactured by performing the fermentation process for 2 days, blowing air with the ventilation volume of 2 cubic meters / min * t.

(Example 2)
Enclosed fermentation process equipment (Chubu Ecotech) with 40 kg of fermented material made by Menicon Co., which contains Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus and exo-type cellulase, with 75% water content ). And the feed for livestock of Example 2 was manufactured by performing the fermentation process for 4 days, blowing air with the ventilation volume of 1 cubic meter / min * t.

(Comparative Example 1)
About 1 ton of raw okara with a moisture content of 75% was put into a feed drier manufactured by Inax, and dried at 450 ° C. for 1 hour.

(Content of each component in livestock feed and total energy of livestock feed)
The amount of each component contained in the livestock feed obtained in Example 1 was measured according to the method described in “Feed Analysis Method / Description-2004” edited by the Feed Analysis Standards Study Group. Moreover, the total energy of livestock feed was calculated based on the measured content of each component. Table 1 shows the measured content (percentage) of each component and the calculated total energy. However, the amount of components other than water shown in Table 1 indicates the dry matter content. Table 1 also shows the amount and total energy of each component contained in raw and dried tofu cakes described in the “Japan Standard Feed Ingredients Table” (2001 edition) edited by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology. Shown for reference.

(Evaluation of power consumption)
In Example 1 and Example 2, the amount of power consumed by the fermentation treatment apparatus consumed to produce livestock feed and the amount of power consumed by the feed dryer consumed in drying raw okara in Comparative Example 1 were measured. . The measured power consumption is “excellent” when the power consumption is less than 100 kwh / t, “good” when 100 kwh / t or more and less than 500 kwh / t, and “500” when the measured power consumption is 500 kwh / t or more and less than 1000 kwh / t. In the case of “slightly defective” and 1000 kwh / t or more, it was evaluated as “bad”. The results of this evaluation are shown in Table 2.

(Bacterial count detection)
The results of measuring the number of various bacteria in the livestock feed obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the results of measuring the number of bacteria in commercially available dried tofu cake are also shown for reference. The number of bacteria was measured according to the methods described in the “Food Analysis Method / Description-2004” edited by the Diet Analysis Standards Study Group and the “Food Hygiene Inspection Guidelines” edited by the Japan Food Hygiene Association. When measuring the number of bacteria of the genus Geobacillus, Soybean / Casein / Digest agar medium (manufactured by Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was used.

From the results shown in Tables 1 to 3, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce a high quality livestock feed that has high total energy and nutritional value and does not contain pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria at a relatively low energy cost. It was confirmed that it was possible.

NITE BP-157
NITE BP-567

Claims

A feed for livestock obtained by fermenting a feed raw material by at least one action selected from a Bacillus microorganism and a Geobacillus microorganism mixed in the feed raw material.
The feed for livestock according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from the microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and the microorganisms of the genus Geobacillus is at least one of Geobacillus thermodenitricans and Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus.
The livestock feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total energy of the livestock feed corresponds to 60% or more of the total energy of the feed raw material before fermentation on a dry matter basis.
The livestock feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is further added to the feed material.
Adding at least one selected from Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms to feed ingredients;
And a step of fermenting the feed material by at least one action selected from the Bacillus microorganisms and Geobacillus microorganisms.
The method according to claim 5, wherein at least one selected from the microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus and the genus Geobacillus is at least one of Geobacillus thermodenitricans and Geobacillus cardoxyl osiriticus.
The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the step of fermenting the feed material is terminated when 60% or more of the total energy of the feed material before fermentation remains on a dry matter basis.
The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the step of fermenting the feed raw material is terminated at a stage where the moisture content is reduced to less than 40%.
The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising a step of blending a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme with the feed material.
The process for fermenting the feed material is performed using a closed fermentation processing apparatus having a stirring function and an air blowing function, an in-vehicle closed fermentation processing apparatus, a lane fermentation processing apparatus, or a pit fermentation processing apparatus. 10. A method according to any one of claims 5-9.
Preparing a feed for livestock according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A method of using livestock feed, comprising the step of adjusting the microflora in livestock excrement by feeding livestock feed to livestock.