JP2814358B2 - Rice cooked fermented feed, fermentation promoter and their production - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a powdery feed obtained by high-speed fermentation of brown rice, which is produced by cooking glutinous rice such as brown rice and white rice obtained by polishing the rice, and a method for producing the same, and a method for producing agricultural compost. The present invention relates to a fermentation accelerator and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Soil bacteria are added to organic materials and heated.
It is well known that fermented feed is produced by fermentation at high speed under aerobic conditions (high-speed fermentation method). Such a cell product has a composting promoting effect, and is used as a fermentation (composting) promoting material. It is also known to be useful.

[0003] In the case of producing feed using an organic material such as cooked rice, starch, which is a main component in cooked rice, is degraded by amylose enzyme during fermentation of soil bacteria and converted into glucose. In this case, it is said that starch that is hydrated and swelled and gelatinized into an alpha structure is more rapidly fermented and decomposed by soil bacteria than a general beta structure.
The cooked rice cooked as raw material is cooked and cooked for about 65
% Of water, so that when heated to 50 ° C or more, starch will be in an alpha form and gelatinize, but 30 ° C
As it cools below, it loses its hydration state and largely reverts to its original beta-starch structure.

[0004] Rice cooked into a dense mud and pregelatinized does not have air permeability, so that fermentation and decomposition by soil bacteria do not proceed. In addition, in order to ferment cooked and cooked rice at a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher, it is necessary that the soil bacteria used are aerobic thermophilic bacteria, and the soil of a bacterial species suitable for fermentation is used. Bacteria must be selected.

[0005] In a cow barn, a mixture of sawdust used as feed and cow dung in about half is collected as cow dung. This is a pollutant with a water content of about 65%, which has a strong odor and is disliked as one of the livestock pollutions. However, it has a high fertilizer component and is composted and is useful for agricultural work.

[0006] In order to compost, this cow dung is generally deposited at a height of about 1.5 m and aerated properly. Water is constantly added to adjust the dryness and wetness so that the water content is 65% to 60%. Cow dung is fermented sequentially and the temperature rises due to the heat of fermentation.
If the temperature exceeds ℃, turn over the excavator upside down to make a new ventilation surface and operate so that the fermentation proceeds further.

[0007] In this way, after about 6 months or more, the cow dung component becomes a so-called fully-ripened compost which has been largely fermented and has matured sufficiently. On the other hand, since sawdust is cellulose-like, fermentation and ripening are slow and the fermentation degree is in a medium-ripening state.

It is said that it takes about one year to obtain a fully ripe compost including sawdust.

The fermented cow manure, which has been ripened and composted after a period of 6 to 12 months, is rich in the effective components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, returns acidified soil to alkalinity and increases the soil strength of the soil. Has the characteristic that it can increase the yield of.

[0010] However, it takes a long time to produce compost, and the productivity is low.

[0011]

In the present invention, the first object is to make a series of dense muddy cooked rice into a form that is scattered separately to have air permeability, and the cooked rice is gelatinized. In order to make it air-permeable in a high temperature state, the cooked rice is dispersed. This is also essential for performing aerobic fermentation under hot aeration. A second problem is to select and use soil bacteria of a species suitable for fermenting at a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher. Further, a third problem is to obtain an intermediate fermentation product that promotes fermentation and decomposition of organic materials.

An object of the present invention is to produce a highly digestible powdery fermented feed by performing high-speed fermentation of cooked rice using cooked rice as a raw material and utilizing soil bacteria. The present invention also relates to an intermediate fermentation product in which a raw material obtained by adding a dispersant and soil bacteria to cooked rice is aerated, stirred and fermented until the moisture content of the raw material becomes 40% or less in a temperature range in which starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized. To obtain a highly digestible cooked rice-fermented feed in a so-called medium-ripened state, in which alpha-type starch is mainly decomposed, by evaporating the water content to make the water content of the cooked rice 20% or less. Provided. The present invention further relates to the intermediate fermented product or the cooked rice-fermented feed, wherein the intermediate fermented product or the cooked rice-fermented feed has a composting promoting effect, and is used as a fermentation (composting) promoting material. An object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation promoting material mixed with an organic material and a method for producing the same.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises adding an appropriate amount of solid flour-like cereal flour to cooked rice in a temperature range in which the cooked rice is gelatinized (gelatinized). If the temperature is raised by heating with stirring
It was found that the gelatinized cooked rice adhered to the cereal flour and the cooked rice was dispersed in each of them, thus creating an aerobic fermentation environment by preventing cooked rice from forming a series of rice cakes. is there. The present inventor has also found that as grain powder to be added, rice bran, dried okara, dried beer lees, bran, and the like are each effective as a dispersant. Bacillus bacilli in soil bacteria form spores, are dormant in a dry state at room temperature, germinate under humid conditions of 50 ° C or more, turn into vegetative cell bodies, and perform fermentation and decomposition activities. Fermentation products that use Bacillus fungi for fermentation, and the fermentation decomposition of cooked rice reduces the molecular weight of the cooked rice to biologically highly digestible quality. Proliferated spores are interposed.

The present invention will be described in more detail. The soil fungus used in the present invention has an optimum activity range of a temperature of 40-70.
It is a soil bacterium having a temperature of 40 ° C. and a moisture content of 40 to 55%, and is mainly composed of a plurality of aerobic spores (Bacillus).
This type of spore bacterium can be applied to fermentation of starch and protein in cooked rice, and is a bacterium that has been adapted and strengthened by subculturing in the form of a complex bacterium, and is commercially available.

[0015] Cooked rice is cooked from ordinary quality rice, and its moisture content is generally about 65%. The dispersing agent is preferably a cereal having a water content of 15% or less at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher at which the cooked rice is gelatinized (gelatinized). Has the effect of lowering the water content to the optimum moisture content of soil bacteria.
The dispersant is also a useful ingredient for feed, as it remains in the feed product in a form mixed with the cooked rice. In the present invention, rice is mixed with a dispersing agent, cooked rice is added with soil bacteria, and the mixture is heated with stirring under aeration. The stirring may be performed to such an extent that these raw materials are evenly mixed and dispersed, and the rotation speed and the degree of stirring are not limited. In the process of raising the temperature of these raw materials, some fermentation has begun due to the action of soil bacteria, but when the temperature is raised to 50 ° C. or higher, high-speed fermentation due to pregelatinization of rice and germination of spores becomes active. The gelatinized cooked rice is stirred and rolled together with the dispersing material and fermented under aeration, and the grains of the dispersing material also partially ferment similarly. If you continue heating in this way,
The rice is decomposed into powder by fermentation. During the heating fermentation, the water content becomes 40% or less, and the fermentation and decomposition are weakened. This is called an intermediate fermentation product. At this point, the mixture is rapidly heated to evaporate moisture and dried. In drying, heating is controlled so as not to exceed 90 ° C. in order to avoid quality deterioration such as carbonization, and the process is terminated when the water content becomes 20% or less. In this way, cook rice for several hours,
It is a feed product containing cells that are in the middle-ripening state during fermentation and are yellow-brown powdery and that have been grown and metabolized by soil bacteria.

[0016] The intermediate fermentation product or the cooked rice-fermented feed is blended with an organic material such as food residue, garbage, livestock manure, or tree foliage to ferment and ripen the organic material, thereby promoting fermentation in producing compost. Produce materials.

[0017]

According to the present invention, as described above, high-speed fermentation of cooked rice is carried out by utilizing soil bacteria under conditions where the starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized by stirring and heating while heating.

In order to ferment the cooked rice at a high speed, the temperature condition in which the starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized (gelatinized)
In order to maintain the air permeability of cooked rice, cereal flour is allowed to coexist as a dispersing agent, and soil bacteria having optimum conditions for fermentation in a temperature range where starch is pregelatinized are used. By stirring and tumbling the cooked rice in coexistence with the dispersing agent, the cooked rice is always in a new air-permeable environment, and the high-speed fermentation proceeds efficiently to obtain an intermediate fermentation product. A step of heating the water to evaporate and dry the water to obtain a medium-ripened rice-fermented feed in a short time. Furthermore, the intermediate fermentation product or the rice cooked rice feed is blended with an organic material to obtain a fermentation promoting material.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of the structure of a fermentation and drying machine used in an example. In the drawing, a heating chamber 2 is provided above a cylindrical horizontal tank 1 having a capacity of 150 liters, and a gas burner 3 is inserted into a side portion of the heating chamber 2.
The room air is heated directly by the flame. A raw material inlet 4 is provided at the top of the tank 1 and is kept secret by a lid. A blade shaft 6 penetrating below the tank 1 is provided, and the blade shaft 6 is rotated at a reduced speed by a motor from the outside. The blade shaft 6 is provided with a spiral stirring blade 5 to constitute a stirrer. The helical stirring blades 5 are mounted in reverse winding on the left and right, and the input material is mixed by the helical stirring blades 5 at the bottom 1a of the tank 1 and is moved by the central portion while being repeatedly separated. Mixed. An article temperature sensor 7 is installed on the side of the heating chamber 2 and directly senses the article temperature of the raw material during the fermentation and drying steps, and turns on and off the burner to control the article temperature. Ventilation air is sent from a blower (not shown) to the raw material at the bottom 1a of the tank 1 to secure a required air volume. A suction ventilator 8 is attached to the top of the tank 1, and quickly sucks and discharges a large amount of wet steam generated in the drying process to the outside of the system.

An exhaust port 9 is provided in the upper part of the tank 1 to perform the function of natural ventilation at the time of heating and temperature adjustment in the fermentation process, and the ventilation is adjusted by a damper. An outlet (not shown) is provided on the bottom side of the tank 1 to discharge the dried fermentation product.

As the soil fungus, a commercially available fungus A (manufactured by Uchijo Bacteria Works, 8961 Iriyamabe, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano) was used. A bacterium is 1.6 × 10 ⁸ spores (Bacillus) in 1 g,
Other soil bacteria including actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria and the like.

A moisture content of 15 kg as a dispersant in 140 kg of cooked rice
% Of bran and 25 g of A bacterium were put into the fermentation / drying machine (hereinafter referred to as a processing machine), and these raw materials were stirred to thoroughly mix the whole. The water content in the raw material is calculated to be 48%.

While continuously rotating the stirrer at 5 rpm, the burner 3 is started and heated. The bottom 1a of the tank 1
Is gradually heated by the heat propagation from the heating chamber 2 and
It exceeds 60 ° C in the quantile, and microbial activity occurs rapidly. The raw material temperature reached 70 ° C. in 2 hours after the start of heating. The cooked rice is stirring and rolling together with the dispersant bran. When we sampled some raw materials, fermentation and decomposition progressed considerably,
The cooked rice was yellowish brown without leaving its original shape and was finely powdered.
The moisture content of the intermediate fermentation product was 38%.

Subsequently, the system is heated and proceeds to a drying step. The suction ventilator 8 is started to evaporate the water. In this way, the intermediate fermentation product is dried by sucking the generated steam and dehydrating. In this example, the burner was cut after 4 hours of drying, allowed to cool for 1 hour while continuing stirring, and 120 kg of a fermentation product having a water content of 9% was taken out of the processing machine for a total of 7 hours from the start of heating. The obtained product is a fermented and decomposed rice and bran, and is a dried product in the middle-ripening state of the composting reaction. The comparative example is an analysis result of a tofu okara fermented body feed used as a feed for swine raising. The crude protein obtained by the Kjeldahl method was nitrogen and the protein conversion coefficient was 6.25.

[0026]

[Table 1]

[0027] As can be seen from Table 1, since the crude fat content is extremely low, it is possible to obtain healthy pigs with fat and fat. In the case of pigs, the product can be mixed as much as 50% as a feed, and corn, fish scum, barley, etc. can be added as an alternative feed such as 50%, so that a large amount of feed can be provided.

Example 2 In this example, a fermentation promoting material in which an intermediate fermentation product is mixed with an organic material and a composting promoting material in which cow manure is mixed as an organic material will be described.

The intermediate fermentation product of cooked rice obtained by using the same raw materials as in Example 1 under the same conditions is 50 kg and 100 kg.
kg was mixed with 500 kg of cow dung containing 43% of sawdust, and water was added thereto, and the three were well stirred and mixed. Two kinds of these mixtures and 500 kg of cow dung alone and three kinds of non-compounds were respectively deposited in a 2 m-high cone in a compost yard, and adjusted while constantly replenishing water so as to keep the water content at about 60%. When the temperature rises and the steam comes out due to fermentation, the inside temperature is close to 60 ° C,
We switched back at the rate of rounds.

The carbon ratio (C / N ratio) was measured as an index of the maturity of the compost by fermentation. In general, it is said that the carbon ratio of compost that can be reduced to soil with advancing composting with ease is 20 or less. Table 2 shows the change in carbon ratio during the ripening process from the beginning of the deposition to the lapse of 5 months. The analysis method is
Based on fertilizer analysis method and Yokendo version “Soil nutrient analysis method”.

[0031]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from Table 2, it can be clearly seen that the carbon content of the composition is rapidly reduced and the composting is promoted as compared with the non-compounded cow dung. Also, the more the amount of the compound, the faster the ripening progresses. With the 100 kg compound, the compost can be sufficiently reduced to the soil after 3 months.

Table 3 shows an example of the analysis of 100 kg of the thus-produced cow manure compost after 5 months and one year-old cow manure compost produced after 5 months.

[0034]

[Table 3]

From the composition table in Table 3, it can be seen that the composition is equivalent to cow dung compost which has been nearly one year old by the conventional method.

That is, by blending the intermediate fermentation product, cow dung compost of the same component can be matured in a short time,
The intermediate fermentation product according to the present invention is remarkably useful as an accelerator.

In another embodiment, a fermentation promoting material as a composting promoting material can be produced by blending rice cooked fermented feed with an organic material such as cow dung instead of the intermediate fermentation product.
In this case, a fermented rice feed is used in place of the intermediate fermented product of Example 2, and a composting promoting material is obtained under the same conditions as in Example 2 except for the above.

[0038]

Industrial Applicability The present invention obtains a fermented product in the middle fermentation state during fermentation by rapidly fermenting cooked rice in a temperature range in which cooked rice is converted into a pregelatinized form and drying the cooked rice in a short time. Shorter processing time was possible compared to the general high-speed fermentation method that has been performed. Another advantage is that the product is a nutrient in a mature state and a feed containing a large amount of organic components.

According to the present invention, residual rice can be converted into fermented feed in a short time. In addition, this fermentation product contains soil bacteria and is useful as a fermentation promoter or soil improvement material for composting.

The intermediate fermentation product of the present invention is useful as a fermentation accelerator when fermenting and ripening organic materials by blending them with organic materials such as food residues, garbage, livestock manure or tree foliage to produce compost. is there. The intermediate fermentation product is a nutrient in which the cooked rice and the dispersant are in a medium-ripened fermentation state and contains a large amount of soil bacteria, so when composting, the soil bacteria increase and the fermentation and decomposition of organic matter are greatly promoted. Therefore, the effect as a promoting material is great.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a fermentation drying apparatus used in carrying out the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical horizontal tank 2 Heating room 3 Gas burner 4 Raw material input port 5 Spiral stirring blade 6 Blade axis 7 Material temperature sensor 8 Ventilator 9 Exhaust port

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ identification code FI C05F 17/00 C05F 17/00 (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A23K 1/00 101 A23K 1 / 14 A23K 1/16

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fermented rice cooked rice product wherein an intermediate fermentation product obtained by fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersing agent and soil bacteria to cooked rice is rapidly heated, dehydrated and dried. 2. An intermediate fermentation product obtained by aerating, stirring and fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersing agent and soil bacteria to cooked rice until the moisture content of the raw material becomes 40% or less in a temperature range in which the starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized. And a step of rapidly heating, dehydrating and drying the intermediate fermentation product to obtain a fermentation product having a water content of 20% or less. 3. A method for producing a cooked rice-fermented feed, characterized by using a soil bacterium containing a spore bacterium of the genus Bacillus having an optimum activity range of a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C. and a water content of 40 to 55%. 4. A method for producing a fermented rice cooked feed, wherein cereal flour or the like is used as a dispersant. 5. A fermentation promoting material comprising an intermediate fermentation product obtained by fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersant and soil bacteria to cooked rice, to an organic material. 6. A fermentation promoting material comprising an intermediate fermentation product obtained by fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersing agent and soil bacteria to cooked rice, rapidly heating and dehydrating and drying a rice cooked fermented feed into an organic material. 7. An intermediate fermentation product obtained by aerating, stirring and fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersant and soil bacteria to cooked rice until the moisture content of the raw material becomes 40% or less in a temperature range in which starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized. And a step of blending the intermediate fermentation product with the organic material to obtain a fermentation product by fermenting while maintaining the water content at about 60%. 8. An intermediate fermentation product obtained by aeration, stirring and fermenting a raw material obtained by adding a dispersant and soil bacteria to cooked rice until the moisture content of the raw material becomes 40% or less in a temperature range in which starch in the cooked rice is pregelatinized. A step of rapidly heating, dehydrating and drying the intermediate fermentation product to obtain a fermentation product having a moisture content of 20% or less, and blending the fermentation product with an organic material to reduce the moisture content.
A step of obtaining a fermentation promoting material by maintaining at about 60% and fermenting to obtain a fermentation promoting material.