Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
  • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
  • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
  • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
  • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
  • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
  • A61B17/861—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
  • A61B17/8615—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver at the central region of the screw head
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
  • F16B39/02—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
  • F16B39/04—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down with a member penetrating the screw-threaded surface of at least one part, e.g. a pin, a wedge, cotter-pin, screw
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
  • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
  • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
  • A61B17/8685—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor comprising multiple separate parts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
  • A61B17/8875—Screwdrivers, spanners or wrenches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
  • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
  • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
  • A61B2017/8655—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

Definitions

• the present invention relates to devices for attaching various objects, such as prostheses or implants, to bones, and in certain cases for anchoring spinal instruments to the vertebrae of the human rachis.
• Locking mechanisms intended to secure the anchor within the object avoid the pull out of the anchor but not the extrusion of the entire construct.
• Bicortical screwing may be dangerous and can make the construct too rigid. This can lead to the breakage of the implant itself.
• Special features like conical core, self-tapping profile and roughened surfaces of the anchor have been developed to increase the grip to the cancelous bone.
• Expandable mechanisms (such as threaded peg expanded with a coaxial inner member or "Molly screw”) crush and split fragile bone tissue and then creates an empty room around the buried part of the anchor. This can lead the construct to toggle and therefore to a condition for pull out or loosening in response to physiological micro-motions.
• U.S. Patent 6,695,844 to Bramlet et al discloses an expandable-winged fastener made up of an outer member and an inner mechanism able to protract or retract wings intended not only to increase the interface between the bone and the device but also to expand within the cancelous bone. Although the wings are blunted, the bone-implant interface is weakened as the wings expand or retract because the expanded wings broach through the bone as they pivot and therefore require the bone to remodel.
• an anchoring device for attaching an object to a bone, comprising an anchoring member having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end being adapted to hold the object to the bone while the distal end is in the bone, and a locking member having proximal and distal ends, with the proximal end adapted to secure the anchoring member into the bone and oppose its pull-out or loosening by stopping its backing or preventing its unscrewing, while the distal end is in the bone.
• first and second fasteners are provided, the first fastener being adapted to fit to the proximal end of the anchoring member, and the second fastener being adapted to fit to the proximal end of the locking member. More specifically, the second fastener is adequately designed to match the angulation of the locking member.
• a method for mounting an object to a bone comprising the steps of: (a) providing anchoring member and locking member each having proximal and distal ends, (b) introducing the anchoring member in the bone wherein said proximal end holds an object to the bone, (c) positioning the locking member into the proximal end of the anchoring member, and (d) preventing the anchoring member of loosening.
• a system for attaching one or more objects to bone tissue comprising: an anchoring member having proximal and distal ends, wherein the proximal end comprises a socket and an aperture, wherein the aperture is oblique to the axis of the length of the anchoring member; and a locking member having proximal and distal ends, wherein the proximal end comprises a socket; wherein the aperture of the anchoring member is adapted for insertion of the locking member therethrough.
• the system further comprises at least one fastener, wherein the fastener is adapted to fit to a socket in the proximal end of the anchoring member, adapted to fit to a socket in the proximal end of the locking member, or both.
• the system further comprises first and second fasteners, wherein the first fastener is adapted to fit to a socket in the proximal end of the anchoring member and the second fastener is adapted to fit to a socket in the proximal end of the locking member.
• the angle on the head of the second fastener corresponds to the angulation of the locking member inserted into the anchoring member.
• the anchoring member, the locking member, or both have a rough surface.
• the surface of the inner wall of the aperture is smooth, rough, or threaded.
• the angle between the axis of the length of the anchoring member and the axis of the length of the locking member is between 1 and 89 degrees, between 10 and 75 degrees, between 10 and 50 degrees, between 10 and 35 degrees, or between 25 and 30 degrees.
• the shape of the socket of the anchoring member and/or the shape of the socket of the locking member is hexagonal, pentagonal, square, triangular, cross-shaped, plus sign-shaped, linear, or star-shaped.
• the second fastener is a ball end hexagonal fastener.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an anchoring member in accordance with the present invention.
• Fig. 2a is a schematic cross-sectional plan view of an anchoring member.
• Fig. 2b is a top plan schematic view of the proximal end of the anchoring member.
• Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an anchoring member with the locking member.
• Fig. 4 is a schematic cross- sectional plan view of an anchoring member with the locking member
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an anchoring member holding an object (plate).
• Fig. 6a is a cross-sectional view of the shaft (Hex Key) of one embodiment of the first fastener Fl.
• Fig. 6b is a schematic perspective view of the distal end (ball end hex tool) of the first fastener Fl.
• Fig. 6c is a lateral view of the first fastener Fl .
• Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a differential that can be used for the second fastener F2.
• Fig. 8a is an enlarged perspective view of the distal end (ball end hex tool) of the first fastener Fl.
• Fig. 8b is an enlarged lateral view of the distal end (ball end hex tool) showing a 25 to 30 degree angle entry to the hex tool.
• Fig. 8c is an example of oblique insertion.
• Fig. 8d is a lateral view of the first fastener Fl engaged within a hex screw.
• Fig. 9a is a lateral view of a cortical-type locking member L.
• Fig. 9b is a lateral view of a cancelous-type locking member L.
• Fig. 9c is a lateral view of a headless-type locking member L.
• Fig. 10 illustrates various angulation patterns of the interlocking anchor and locking members.
• Fig. 11 illustrates one embodiment of a locking member within an anchoring member, in addition to the respective fastener having a corresponding angulation to the angulation of the locking member within the anchoring member.
• Fig. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a fastener and its corresponding locking member within the anchoring member.
• Particular examples include but are not limited to vertebrae, femur, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, clavicle, rib, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, skull bones, sternum, scapulae, innominates, vertebrae, maxillae, sphenoid, carpus, tarsus, patella, interfrontal bone, epipteric bone, coronal ossicle, bregmatic ossicle, sagittal ossicle, lambdoid ossicle, and squame -parietal ossicle.
• the materials of the components of the present invention may be of any suitable kind.
• Materials of the anchor and locking member are biocompatible, in certain embodiments.
• materials include biomedical metallic materials, including stainless steel; alloys (Al, Co, Ni, Ta, W, V, etc.); cobalt-based alloys; or titanium and its alloys.
• Other examples of materials include polymeric biomaterials, such as synthetic non-biodegradable polymers: polyethylene (high density polyethylene -HDPE-, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene -UHMWPE-), poly (ether ether ketone) or PEEK.
• Polymer matrix composite biomaterials may be employed and include fiber-reinforced composites (for example, carbon fiber or kevelar).
• the shape, diameter, length, and any associated angles of the anchor, locking member, and, by extrapolation, fastener(s) of the invention maybe of any kind, so long as the locking member is able to be positioned within the anchor at an angle to generate a V- shaped (or L- shaped, in a 90 degree configuration) configuration and so long as the corresponding fastener(s) can be inserted in the respective socket 104 in the head of anchor and/or locking member to apply torque for affixing them into bone.
• the anchoring system 100 is generally comprised of an anchoring member A and a locking member L (see Fig. 3)
• Fig. 1 illustrates an anchoring member A in accordance with a certain embodiment.
• the anchoring member A generally has cancelous screws' features such as a 2- portion shaft comprising an optionally coarse, self-tapping thread 103, designed to anchor in the softer medullary or cancelous bone, and topped by a smooth unthreaded portion 101 that allows it to act as a lag screw.
• the unthreaded upper portion 101 presents an oblique aperture 102 having an angle (for example, of about 25°) with respect to an axial plane of the anchoring member's shaft.
• the proximal end of the anchoring member A has a proximal end socket 104 such that it can be engaged by a fastener like a key, screwdriver, or wrench (see Fig. 2b).
• the proximal end of the anchoring member A has a Hex (hexagonal) type's proximal end socket 104 such that it can be engaged by a Hex tip fastener like a key or wrench (see Fig. 2b).
• fastener refers to a tool, such as a wrench, key, or screwdriver, that is employed to insert the corresponding anchor in the bone via the head of the anchor and/or to insert the corresponding locking member in the anchor via the socket 104 of the head of the locking member.
• the socket 104 of the head of the anchor or locking member may be of any shape
• the embodiment presented herein wherein both heads are hexagonal is merely illustrative. That is, the shape of the socket 104 for insertion of the respective fastener in the anchor or locking member may be of any shape, including hexagonal, pentagonal, square, triangular, cross-shaped, plus sign-shaped, linear, star-shaped, and so forth, for example.
• the head of the locking member is smaller than the head of the anchor, although in other embodiments the head of the locking member is the same size as the head of the anchor.
• the socket 104 of the proximal end of the anchor and the socket 104 of the proximal end of the locking member are identical in shape and/or size, whereas in other specific embodiments the socket 104 of the proximal end of the anchor and the socket 104 of the proximal end of the locking member are not identical in shape and/or size.
• Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the anchoring member (Fig. 2a) and a top plan of the proximal end of the anchoring member (Fig. 2b).
• the shape of the socket 104 for insertion of the respective fastener in the anchor or locking member may be of any shape, including hexagonal, pentagonal, square, triangular, cross-shaped, plus sign-shaped, linear, star- shaped, and so forth, for example (see below); these may be referred to as slotted, Phillips, Pozidriv, torx, Hex key, Robertson, Tri-Wing, Torq-Set, or Spanner, for example.
• an exemplary hexagonal (Hex) socket in the head (104) of the anchoring member brings the following advantage: a ball end hex key (or wrench) can be used for angulated screwing and insertion, the contact surfaces of the screw are protected from external damage, the tool can be used with a headless screw, there are six contact surfaces between screw and driver, the socket's depth are less prone to stripping, and this room can be used for cannulation, for example.
• a ball end hex key or wrench
• Fig. 3 illustrates the anchoring system 100 comprising the anchoring member A and the locking member L.
• the angle ⁇ between the two members is fixed and set up at 25 degrees in a certain embodiment.
• This angle allows using a standard hex second fastener F2 (wherein Fl fastener refers to the fastener for the anchor and F2 fastener refers to the fastener for the locking member) equipped with an end ball hex end since it can be used with an angulation up to 30 degrees.
• the angle can be set up to another value comprised between 1 to 90 degrees.
• the angle can be 15-25 degrees. Beyond 30 degrees angulation, another embodiment of the second fastener F2 with an inclinable hex tip end may be used (differential inner mechanism).
• Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional plan view of the anchoring system 100.
• a headless locking member L is engaged into a oblique aperture (111) within the exemplary hex-shaped socket (104) of the head of the anchoring member A.
• the surface of the inner wall of the aperture may be threaded, smooth, or rough.
• One end of the aperture is at the proximal head of the anchor, and the opposite end is on one side of the anchor.
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an anchoring member holding an exemplary object (plate) P.
• Fig. 6 illustrates the first fastener Fl with its Hex type tip (112).
• the fastener comprises a head or tip that engages with the socket of the anchor to apply torque by rotating the tip, such as but not limited to a screwdriver, key or wrench.
• the tip is not limited to hex type.
• the second fastener F2 in certain aspects comprises a ball end hex type end to allow screwing of the locking member.
• the second fastener F2 can have the same features as the first fastener Fl when used in a particular embodiment e.g.
• an angle ⁇ higher than the angle ⁇ , e.g. superior at 30 degrees between the two members A and L, is set up.
• the second fastener F2 presents an inclinable tip able to match the angle ⁇ and is equipped with an inner mechanism applying the torque in accordance with an oblique transmission of the rotating motion imparted to the handle of the fastener.
• Such mechanism can be but is not limited to a differential, a screw gear, or a set of gears.
• Fig. 7 illustrates the principle of such mechanism and shows a schematic conceptual view of a differential.
• Such a fastener can be rotated manually or by an electric or other motor.
• Fig. 8a is an enlarged perspective view of the distal end (ball end hex tool) of the fastener.
• the concept by which ball ends slide into a screw head is known as funnel insertion. Basically, it means that the sides of the ball end direct (funnel) it into place. This allows fast funnel entry, eliminates wasted time even in blind applications, and the full depth engagement reduces "stripping" problems.
• Fig. 8b is an enlarged lateral view of the distal end (ball end hex tool) showing a 25 to 30 degree angle entry to hex. As maximum allowable angle increases, neck size decreases, and strength also decreases.
• Fig. 8c is an example of oblique insertion.
• Fig. 8d is a lateral view of the first fastener Fl engaged within a hex screw.
• Fig. 9 illustrates the three possible designs of the locking member L.
• the locking member L is thinner than the anchoring member A so that it can be slid through the oblique aperture and positioned within the empty room of the hexagonal socket of the anchoring member. Its length can be smaller, equal or bigger than the anchoring member. Its proximal end can be equipped with a head (105) or be wide-mouthed (106) to block within the anchoring member's head, or be headless (107). Whatever the type of the locking member L can be (headed 105, wide-mouthed 106 or headless 107), the socket has a hex type shape, in certain embodiments.
• the locking member can be a cortical type screw (Fig.
• the locking member L can just act as an anti-rotational device and prevent the unscrewing of the anchoring member A in the cortical type design, or be both a blocking system as described above and an additional fastening device intended to secure and reinforce the grip within the medullary bone in the cancelous type design.
• a second divergent member (locking member L) advantageously increases both the grip and the purchase within the bone, especially in cancelous and/or osteoporotic bone and therefore opposes to pull-out and secures the fixation of any object to the bone.
• Fig. 10 illustrates various angulation patterns of the interlocking anchor and locking members.
• the proximal end of the anchoring member requires a cavity at its socket to allow the fastener access to the locking member.
• Fig. 11 illustrates one embodiment of a locking member within an anchoring member, in addition to the respective fastener having a corresponding angulation to the angulation of the locking member within the anchoring member.
• the proximal end of the anchoring member has a cavity that allows insertion of the fastener for the locking member.
• Fig. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a fastener and its corresponding locking member within the anchoring member.
• the proximal end of the anchoring member comprises a cavity that allows insertion of the fastener for the locking member.
• the anchor and locking member are coated with antibiotic or other medicine useful upon implantation of an implant on and/or in a bone.
• the surface of the anchor and/or locking member is rough for a better grip within the bone.
• kits of the present invention may include a means for containing the invention component(s) in close confinement for commercial sale.
• Such containers may include injection or blow molded plastic containers into which the components are retained, for example.
• the kit may comprise the anchor, locking member, and/or fastener(s). In some cases, all components are sold separate, whereas in other cases all or a subset of components are sold together. Irrespective of the number and/or type of containers, the kits of the invention may also comprise, and/or be packaged with, an instrument other than a fastener(s) of the invention for assisting with placing the anchor/locking member within the body of an animal.
• a variety of anchors, locking members, and/or fasteners may be provided in a kit.
• a variety of lengths, diameters, socket shapes, and/or angles of the corresponding anchors, locking members, and/or fastener(s) may be provided in a kit.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)

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Cited By (17)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-26 JP JP2011502049A patent/JP5788787B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-03-26 CN CN200980118021.0A patent/CN102046105B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-03-26 EP EP09724639.1A patent/EP2285299B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-03-26 EP EP16001477.5A patent/EP3108834B1/en active Active
  • 2009-03-26 CA CA2719699A patent/CA2719699C/en active Active
  • 2009-03-26 BR BRPI0911290A patent/BRPI0911290B8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-03-26 WO PCT/US2009/038376 patent/WO2009120852A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-03-26 KR KR1020107023629A patent/KR101602153B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-03-26 US US12/934,196 patent/US9084646B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-03-26 CN CN201410086633.9A patent/CN104068925B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-10-26 CO CO10132564A patent/CO6331410A2/es active IP Right Grant
• 2015
  • 2015-06-16 US US14/740,904 patent/US10045804B2/en active Active
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