WO2009110113A1 - 神経損傷治療剤及び神経損傷治療方法 - Google Patents

神経損傷治療剤及び神経損傷治療方法 Download PDF

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WO2009110113A1
WO2009110113A1 PCT/JP2008/061845 JP2008061845W WO2009110113A1 WO 2009110113 A1 WO2009110113 A1 WO 2009110113A1 JP 2008061845 W JP2008061845 W JP 2008061845W WO 2009110113 A1 WO2009110113 A1 WO 2009110113A1
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gene
cells
cell
differentiated
nerve injury
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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岡野　栄之
中村　雅也
収彦 辻
伸弥 山中
恭子 三浦
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Keio University
Kyoto University NUC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0618—Cells of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • A61K35/48—Reproductive organs
    • A61K35/54—Ovaries; Ova; Ovules; Embryos; Foetal cells; Germ cells
    • A61K35/545—Embryonic stem cells; Pluripotent stem cells; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Uncharacterised stem cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/10—Growth factors
    • C12N2501/115—Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/30—Hormones
    • C12N2501/38—Hormones with nuclear receptors
    • C12N2501/385—Hormones with nuclear receptors of the family of the retinoic acid recptor, e.g. RAR, RXR; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
    • C12N2506/45—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from artificially induced pluripotent stem cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nerve injury therapeutic agent and a nerve injury treatment method.
  • embryonic stem cells have been selected by selecting cells that express the Fbxo15 gene from cells that have been expressed by introducing the Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, Klf4 gene, and c-myc gene into somatic cells such as fibroblasts. It is now possible to obtain cells with pluripotency similar to that of ES cells (Takahashi K and Yamanaka S. (2006). Cell 126: 663-676; 2007/0669666). In regenerative medicine, somatic cell-derived pluripotent stem cells obtained in this way will be able to transplant their own cells, so there will be fewer rejection problems than ES cells. ing.
  • Somatic cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hereinafter also referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells) established using the expression of the Fbxo15 gene as an index are very similar to ES cells in terms of cell morphology, proliferative ability, and differentiation ability. However, in the properties such as gene expression pattern and DNA methylation pattern, there were some differences from ES cells. Therefore, when cells were selected using the expression of Nanog gene as an index, iPS cells having pluripotency similar to ES cells were established (Okita K et al., (2007). Nature 448: 313- 317).
  • iPS cells were isolated using the change of cell morphology as an indicator without expressing Fbxo15 or Nanog gene as an indicator (MeissnerMeet al., (2007). Nat Biotechnol 25: 1177-1181), c-myc IPS cells were established using N-myc instead of (Blelloch R et al., (2007). Cell Stem Cell 1: 245-247), or in mice and humans without using the c-myc gene, Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, and Klf4 gene were introduced to establish iPS cells (Nakagawa M et al., (2008). Nat Biotechnol 26: 101-106; Wering M et al., (2008). Cell Stem Cell 2: 10-12.). In addition to fibroblasts, iPS cells were established from liver cells and stomach epithelial cells (Aoi Tet al., (2008). Science (February 14, 2008) (published online)).
  • human iPS cells can be established by introducing four genes, Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, Nanog gene, and lin28 gene, into fibroblasts (Yu J et al., (2007). Science 318: 1917-1920.), Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, Klf4 gene, and c-myc gene, which are the same combinations of genes used in mouse iPS cell establishment was introduced into fibroblasts and fibroblast-like synoviocytes to establish human iPS cells (Takahashi K et al., (2007). Cell 131: 861-872.).
  • iPS cells obtained in this way can be prepared using cells derived from patients to be treated, it is expected to produce artificial organs without rejection using iPS cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Has been.
  • iPS cells are considered not to have exactly the same properties as ES cells. There is no guarantee that cells will differentiate.
  • an object of the present invention is to identify target diseases for which iPS cells can be used.
  • the differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cell may be a cell obtained by forcibly expressing Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, and Klf4 gene in a differentiated cell, Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, Klf4 gene, And a cell obtained by forcibly expressing the c-myc gene in a differentiated cell. Further, the differentiated cell may be a fibroblast.
  • a further embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating nerve damage, characterized in that differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells are administered to a patient having the nerve damage.
  • the differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells may be transplanted into an injured nerve.
  • the differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cell may be a cell obtained by forcibly expressing the Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, and Klf4 gene in a differentiated cell.
  • the Oct3 / 4 gene, Sox2 gene, Klf4 It may be a cell obtained by forcibly expressing the gene and the c-myc gene in a differentiated cell.
  • the differentiated cell may be a fibroblast.
  • it is a graph which shows the change by the time passage of the cell survival rate in the 38C2-Nanog-iPS-SNS transplantation mouse
  • it is a photograph which shows the result of the histological analysis (hematoxylin eosin dyeing
  • it is a photograph which shows the result of the histological analysis (DBA dyeing
  • Example of this invention it is a photograph which shows the result of the histological analysis (antibody dyeing
  • Anti-Hu antibody for detecting nerve cells
  • anti-GFAP antibody for detecting astrocytes
  • anti- ⁇ -GST antibody for detecting oligodendrocytes
  • C Using.
  • it is a graph which shows the result of the motor function analysis by the BBB score of a transplanted mouse.
  • a differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cell is a germ line cell (eg, egg cell, sperm cell, oocyte or spermatogonia cell precursor thereof) or an undifferentiated cell derived from an early embryo (eg, embryonic cell) It is a cell having artificially induced pluripotency and self-proliferation ability by initializing differentiated cells other than stem cells).
  • Differentiated cells can be derived from embryos or fetuses. It may be derived from adults, and may be derived from any animal species such as mouse and human. The property is not particularly limited as long as it is a cell that originally has lost some of the total differentiation ability of a fertilized cell, and examples thereof include fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and hepatocytes.
  • the initialization method is not particularly limited, but it is preferably induced to have pluripotency and self-proliferation ability by introducing a nuclear reprogramming factor.
  • an initialization method described in International Publications WO2005 / 080598 and WO2007 / 069666 can be used.
  • the nuclear reprogramming factor is not particularly limited, but is preferably a combination of gene products of genes selected from each gene group of the Oct gene group, the Klf gene group, and the Sox gene group, in terms of the efficiency of iPS cell establishment. Then, it is more preferable that the combination further includes the gene product of the myc gene group.
  • the genes belonging to the Oct gene group include Oct3 / 4, Oct1A, Oct6, the genes belonging to the Klf gene group include Klf1, Klf2, Klf4, Klf5, etc., and the genes belonging to the Sox gene group include Sox1 , Sox2, Sox3, Sox7, Sox15, Sox17, Sox18.
  • genes belonging to the myc gene group include c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc.
  • the gene product of the myc gene group can be replaced with a cytokine.
  • the cytokine in this case include SCF and bFGF.
  • genes are genes that are highly conserved in vertebrates. In this specification, unless an animal name is indicated, it means genes including homologs. Moreover, even if it is a gene which has a variation
  • the expression vector is not particularly limited, but a virus vector is preferably used, and a retrovirus vector or a lentivirus vector is particularly preferably used.
  • a nuclear reprogramming factor may be introduced into cells by binding a peptide called Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) to the protein and adding it to the medium (Protein Transduction method).
  • PTD Protein Transduction Domain
  • the factor may be added to the culture medium of differentiated cells at the stage of preparing differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells.
  • cells expressing undifferentiated marker genes such as Fbxo15 gene and Nanog gene are selected from the differentiated cells into which the nuclear reprogramming factor has been introduced, while the cells remain alive.
  • the method is not particularly limited. For example, if a marker gene such as a GFP gene or a galactosidase gene is knocked in downstream of the promoter of the endogenous Fbxo15 gene or endogenous Nanog gene, and cells expressing those marker genes are selected. Good.
  • a drug resistance gene such as a neomycin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, or puromycin resistance gene is knocked in downstream of the promoter of the endogenous Fbxo15 gene or endogenous Nanog gene, and the target cell can be easily selected by selecting with a drug. You can choose.
  • a cell population obtained by selecting cells expressing an undifferentiated marker gene from differentiated cells into which a nuclear reprogramming factor has been introduced is used as a differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cell.
  • a method for using a therapeutic agent for nerve injury a method developed when using ES cells as a therapeutic agent for nerve injury (Okada et al. Dev. Biol. Vol.275, pp.124-142. 2004) can be applied. it can.
  • This therapeutic agent for nerve damage may contain a buffer solution containing salts, drugs such as antibiotics, etc. in addition to differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells.
  • the nerve tissue to be treated is not particularly limited, and may be the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) or the peripheral nervous system.
  • a disease / pathological condition that damages nerve cells it is a specific disease (for example, traumatic disease such as spinal cord injury; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear supernatant paralysis, Huntington)
  • Neurodegenerative diseases such as disease, multiple system atrophy, spinocerebellar degeneration; neuronal necrosis due to cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, etc., cause (for example, primary cause by trauma or cerebral infarction, infection, tumor, etc.)
  • causes are not limited.
  • differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells may be administered as they are, but in order to enhance differentiation ability to the nervous system, it is preferable to form embroidoid body (EB) in advance and administer EB cells. More preferably, EB is administered after being induced to differentiate into neural stem cells under culture conditions. For example, an embryoid body (EB) is formed in the presence of retinoic acid at a low concentration level (10 -9 M to 10 -6 M) and cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with FGF-2 (10 to 100 ng / ml) By doing so, neural stem cells can be differentiated and administered as neurospheres.
  • retinoic acid at a low concentration level (10 -9 M to 10 -6 M
  • FGF-2 10 to 100 ng / ml
  • EB can also be formed by adding Noggin protein to the medium of differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells.
  • Noggin protein can be introduced into cultured mammalian cells, and the culture supernatant that transiently expressed Noggin protein can be used as it is (1-50% (v / v)).
  • Noggin protein (about 1 ⁇ g / ml) may be used.
  • Administration of differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cells may be direct administration or indirect administration, for example, cells may be transplanted to a nerve injury site as direct administration, and as an indirect administration method, intravenous injection or intrathecal administration is used.
  • the cells may be transported to the affected area by circulating blood or cerebrospinal fluid.
  • the differentiated cell-derived pluripotent stem cell is a cell obtained by using Oct3 / 4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4 as a nuclear reprogramming factor for mouse embryo fibroblasts, specifically
  • the Fbxo15-iPS cells which are cells selected using the expression of the Fbxo15 gene as an index
  • the Nanog-iPS cells which are cells selected using the expression of the Nanog gene as an index
  • Fbxo15-iPS cells 4-3 Fbxo15-iPS clones (Takahashi et al.
  • mouse ES cells Fbxo15 (-/-) RF8 clone (Tokuzawa et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. Vol. 23, pp. 2699-2708, 2003) and EB3 clone (Niwa et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. Vol.22, pp.1526-1536, 2002)).
  • an embryoid body is formed in the presence of 10 -8 M retinoic acid and cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with 20 ng / ml FGF-2 (Okada et al. Dev. Biol. Vol. 275, pp. 124-142. 2004). After 7 days of culture, all EBs formed neurospheres (hereinafter, this neurosphere is referred to as iPS-PNS). It was possible to dissociate the iPS-PNS and form a neurosphere again under the same conditions (hereinafter, the passaged neurosphere is referred to as iPS-SNS).
  • CBRluc red luminescent beetle luciferase
  • RFP red fluorescent protein
  • mice 8-9 week old female C57Bl6 mice (body weight 20-22 g) were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg / kg) and xylazine (10 mg / kg). After Th10 laminectomy, the dorsal surface of the dura was exposed and traumatic spinal cord injury was incurred using InfiniteInHorizon Impactor (60 kdyn; Precision Systems, Kentucky,) IL).
  • the damaged site was reexposed on the 9th day after the injury, and the center of the defect was centered using a glass micropipette attached to a stereotaxic injector (KDS310, Muromachi-kikai, Tokyo, Japan). 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / 2 ⁇ l of cells were transplanted at a rate of 0.5 ⁇ l / min.
  • KDS310 Muromachi-kikai, Tokyo, Japan
  • 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / 2 ⁇ l of cells were transplanted at a rate of 0.5 ⁇ l / min.
  • 38C2 clone was used as Nanog-iPS-SNS and EB3 clone was used as ES-SNS, and their neurospheres were dissociated and transplanted.
  • As a control only the medium without cells was injected in the same manner as the cell transplantation.
  • D-luciferin 150 mg / kg body weight
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the ratio of the photon amount obtained on each measurement day to the initial value calculated and graphed. As shown in FIG. 1, about 60% of the transplanted cells fell off by the 7th day of transplantation, and thereafter, the signal of the transplanted cells gradually decreased, and about 18% of the transplanted cells survived on the 35th day. It was.
  • FIG. 2H-E hematoxylin and eosin staining
  • FIG. 3RFP DBA staining using an HRP-conjugated anti-RFP antibody
  • 38C2-derived transplanted cells detected by RFP were neurons (FIG. 4A; marker Hu), astrocytes (FIG. 4B; The marker was differentiated into three cell types (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (FIG. 4C; marker is ⁇ -GST) (FIG. 4).
  • FIG. 5 shows an image observed with a microscope and an area of a stained portion measured for quantifying the number of neurons.
  • mice in the group injected with the medium were unable to support their weight in the hind limbs, but the mice in the group implanted with 38C2-Nanog-iPS-SNS could lift the torso. It recovered by. Comparing the BBB scores, at 6 weeks after surgery, 38C2-Nanog-iPS-SNS (10.03 +/- 0.47) and EB3-ES-SNS (10.10 +/- 0.24) showed similar recovery, There was a significant difference from the case of only medium without cells (8.08 +/- 0.39) (FIG. 6). From clinical findings, the mice transplanted with 38C2-Nanog-iPS-SNS also showed significant recovery until they were able to walk on the sole while supporting their weight.
  • the present invention has made it possible to provide a therapeutic agent for nerve injury containing iPS cells and a method for treating nerve injury using iPS cells.

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PCT/JP2008/061845 2008-03-07 2008-06-30 神経損傷治療剤及び神経損傷治療方法 Ceased WO2009110113A1 (ja)

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JP5709112B2 (ja) 2013-09-17 2015-04-30 英和 当 遊星歯車機構及びその動力伝達部材
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KR20240162494A (ko) 2022-03-11 2024-11-15 각고호우징 게이오기주크 척수 손상 치료제
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