WO2009098843A1 - センサ付車輪用軸受 - Google Patents
センサ付車輪用軸受 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009098843A1 WO2009098843A1 PCT/JP2009/000293 JP2009000293W WO2009098843A1 WO 2009098843 A1 WO2009098843 A1 WO 2009098843A1 JP 2009000293 W JP2009000293 W JP 2009000293W WO 2009098843 A1 WO2009098843 A1 WO 2009098843A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- load
- strain
- rotation
- wheel bearing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
- G01L5/0023—Force sensors associated with a bearing by using magnetic sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0005—Hubs with ball bearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0047—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements
- B60B27/0068—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements the element being a sensor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0073—Hubs characterised by sealing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0094—Hubs one or more of the bearing races are formed by the hub
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/522—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
- F16C33/7879—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a further sealing ring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
- G01L5/0019—Force sensors associated with a bearing by using strain gages, piezoelectric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
Definitions
- This invention relates to a wheel bearing with a sensor incorporating a load sensor for detecting a load applied to a bearing portion of the wheel.
- Patent Document 1 As a technique for detecting a load applied to each wheel of an automobile, a sensor-equipped wheel bearing that detects a load by detecting a distortion of an outer diameter surface of a flange portion of an outer ring that is a fixed ring of a wheel bearing has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). There has also been proposed a wheel bearing in which a strain gauge is attached to the outer ring of the wheel bearing to detect the strain (for example, Patent Document 2).
- a sensor unit comprising a strain generating member and a strain sensor attached to the strain generating member is attached to a fixed ring of the bearing, and the strain generating member has at least two contact fixing portions with respect to the fixed ring,
- a sensor-equipped wheel bearing has been proposed that has at least one notch portion between adjacent contact fixing portions, and the strain sensor is disposed in the notch portion (for example, Patent Document 3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a wheel bearing with a sensor capable of accurately detecting a load acting on a wheel bearing or a tire contact surface without being affected by a rolling element.
- the sensor-equipped wheel bearing according to the present invention is a wheel bearing for rotatably supporting a wheel with respect to a vehicle body, and includes an outer member having a double-row rolling surface formed on an inner periphery, and the rolling surface.
- the rotation speed of the rotation side member is calculated from the rotation speed
- the time required for the rolling elements to revolve by the arrangement pitch is calculated from the rotation speed
- the average value of the output signals of the load detection means at that time is calculated.
- a load acts between the wheel bearing or the wheel tire and the road surface
- the load is also applied to the stationary member (for example, the outer member) of the wheel bearing to cause deformation
- the load detection means applies the load from the deformation.
- the output signal of the load detection means is affected by the passage of the rolling element as it is, but the averaging processing means averages the output signal, so the influence of the rolling element passage is eliminated.
- the rotation detecting means may be a sensor for an antilock brake system.
- the rotation detecting means may be a sensor for an antilock brake system. In the case of this configuration, it is possible to perform the averaging process of the output signal of the load detecting means by the averaging processing means without providing any special rotation detecting means for detecting the rotation of the rotation side member.
- the load detecting means includes a strain generating member having two or more contact fixing portions fixed in contact with the fixed side member, and the strain generating member attached to the strain generating member.
- the contact fixing portion may be provided so as to have the same dimension in the axial direction with respect to the outer diameter surface of the fixing side member.
- the strain generating member may be made of a strip having a uniform width in a planar shape or a thin plate material having a planar shape in a strip shape and having a notch in a side portion. As described above, when the strain generating member is formed of a thin plate material having a planar shape with a uniform width, the strain generating member can be made compact and low cost.
- the sensor unit may be disposed on the upper surface portion, the lower surface portion, the right surface portion, and the left surface portion of the outer diameter surface of the fixed side member that is in the vertical position and the horizontal position with respect to the tire ground contact surface.
- loads in a plurality of directions can be estimated. That is, the vertical load Fz and the axial load Fy can be estimated from the output signals of the two sensor units arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface on the outer diameter surface of the fixed side member, and the right side on the outer diameter surface of the fixed side member.
- the load Fx due to the driving force or braking force can be estimated from the output signals of the two sensor units arranged on the surface portion and the left surface portion.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of installation of a sensor unit. It is explanatory drawing of the influence of rolling element revolution with respect to the output signal of a sensor unit. It is a figure showing combining the sectional view of the bearing for wheels with a sensor concerning a 2nd embodiment of this invention, and the block diagram of the conceptual composition of the detection system. It is an expanded sectional view of the rotation detection means installation part in the wheel bearing with a sensor. It is sectional drawing of the bearing for wheels with a sensor concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the front view which looked at the outer member of the wheel bearing with a sensor from the outboard side. It is an expanded sectional view of the sensor unit in the wheel bearing with the sensor. It is explanatory drawing of the hysteresis in the output signal in a prior art example.
- This embodiment is a third generation inner ring rotating type and is applied to a wheel bearing for driving wheel support.
- the side closer to the outer side in the vehicle width direction of the vehicle when attached to the vehicle is referred to as the outboard side, and the side closer to the center of the vehicle is referred to as the inboard side.
- the bearing for this sensor-equipped wheel bearing includes an outer member 1 in which a double row rolling surface 3 is formed on the inner periphery, and rolling facing each of these rolling surfaces 3.
- the inner member 2 has a surface 4 formed on the outer periphery, and the outer member 1 and the double row rolling elements 5 interposed between the rolling surfaces 3 and 4 of the inner member 2.
- This wheel bearing is a double-row angular ball bearing type, and the rolling elements 5 are made of balls and are held by a cage 6 for each row.
- the rolling surfaces 3 and 4 have an arc shape in cross section, and are formed so that the ball contact angle is aligned with the back surface. Both ends of the bearing space between the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 are sealed by a pair of sealing devices 7 and 8, respectively.
- the outer member 1 is a fixed side member, and has a vehicle body mounting flange 1a attached to a knuckle 16 in a suspension device (not shown) of the vehicle body on the outer periphery, and the whole is an integral part.
- the flange 1a is provided with bolt holes 14 for attaching a knuckle at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.
- the inner member 2 is a rotating side member, and includes a hub wheel 9 having a hub flange 9a for wheel mounting, and an inner ring 10 fitted to the outer periphery of the end portion on the inboard side of the shaft portion 9b of the hub wheel 9. And become.
- the hub wheel 9 and the inner ring 10 are formed with the rolling surfaces 4 of the respective rows.
- An inner ring fitting surface 12 having a small diameter with a step is provided on the outer periphery of the inboard side end of the hub wheel 9, and the inner ring 10 is fitted to the inner ring fitting surface 12.
- a through hole 11 is provided at the center of the hub wheel 9.
- the hub flange 9a is provided with press-fitting holes 15 for hub bolts (not shown) at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.
- a cylindrical pilot portion 13 for guiding a wheel and a braking component (not shown) protrudes toward the outboard side.
- FIG. 2 shows a front view of the outer member 1 of the wheel bearing as viewed from the outboard side.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II in FIG.
- the vehicle body mounting flange 1 a is a projecting piece 1 aa in which a circumferential portion provided with each bolt hole 14 protrudes to the outer diameter side from the other portion.
- sensor units 20 are provided on the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 that is a fixed member.
- these sensor units 20 are provided on the upper surface portion, the lower surface portion, the right surface portion, and the left surface portion of the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 that is in the vertical position and the front-rear position with respect to the tire ground contact surface.
- the sensor unit 20 includes a strain generating member 21 and a strain that is attached to the strain generating member 21 and detects the strain of the strain generating member 21.
- the sensor 22 is used.
- the strain generating member 21 is made of an elastically deformable metal such as a steel material and is made of a thin plate material having a thickness of 3 mm or less.
- the strain generating member 21 is a strip having a uniform plane over the entire length and has notches 21b on both sides of the center. The corner of the notch 21b has an arcuate cross section. Further, the strain generating member 21 has two contact fixing portions 21 a that are fixed to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 through spacers 23 at both ends.
- the strain sensor 22 is affixed to a location where the strain increases with respect to the load in each direction on the strain generating member 21.
- the location the central portion sandwiched between the notch portions 21b on both sides is selected on the outer surface side of the strain generating member 21, and the strain sensor 22 detects the strain in the circumferential direction around the notch portion 21b.
- the strain generating member 21 is plastically deformed even in a state in which an assumed maximum force is applied as an external force acting on the outer member 1 that is a fixed member or an acting force acting between the tire and the road surface. It is desirable not to do so. This is because when the plastic deformation occurs, the deformation of the outer member 1 is not transmitted to the sensor unit 20 and affects the measurement of strain.
- the two contact fixing portions 21a of the strain generating member 21 are located at the same dimension in the axial direction of the outer member 1, and the two contact fixing portions 21a are separated from each other in the circumferential direction.
- These contact fixing portions 21a are fixed to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 by bolts 24 via spacers 23, respectively.
- Each of the bolts 24 is inserted into a bolt insertion hole 26 of the spacer 23 from a bolt insertion hole 25 provided in the contact fixing portion 21a in the radial direction, and a bolt hole 27 provided in the outer peripheral portion of the outer member 1. Screwed on.
- the central portion having the notch portion 21b in the strain generating member 21 having a thin plate shape is the outer member 1. It becomes a state away from the outer diameter surface of this, and distortion deformation around the notch 21b becomes easy.
- an axial position where the contact fixing portion 21a is disposed an axial position that is the periphery of the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row of the outer member 1 is selected here.
- the periphery of the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row is a range from the intermediate position of the rolling surface 3 of the inboard side row and the outboard side row to the formation portion of the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row. It is.
- a flat portion 1 b is formed at a location where the spacer 23 is contacted and fixed on the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1.
- grooves 1 c are provided at two intermediate portions where the two contact fixing portions 21 a of the strain generating member 21 are fixed on the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1.
- the spacer 23 may be omitted, and the intermediate portion of the two contact fixing portions 21 a where the notch portions 21 b of the strain generating member 21 are located may be separated from the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1.
- strain sensors 22 can be used.
- the strain sensor 22 can be composed of a metal foil strain gauge.
- the distortion generating member 21 is usually fixed by adhesion.
- the strain sensor 22 can also be formed on the strain generating member 21 with a thick film resistor.
- a rotation detector 40 is provided as a rotation detection means for detecting the rotation of the inner member 2 at an intermediate position in the axial direction in the bearing.
- the rotation detector 40 is of a radial type, and a pulsar ring 41 which is a sensor target fitted to the outer periphery of the inner member 2 and a radial direction with respect to the pulsar ring provided on the inner periphery of the external member 1. It is comprised with the magnetic body sensor 42 which faces.
- the pulsar ring 41 is a multipolar magnet in which the magnetic poles N and S are arranged in the circumferential direction, the pulsar ring 41 has a periodic magnetic change in the circumferential direction, such as a magnetic ring formed by arranging gear-shaped irregularities in the circumferential direction. It may be a thing.
- the magnetic sensor 42 detects a magnetic change of the pulsar ring 41 that rotates integrally with the inner member 2, and a Hall sensor, MR sensor, MI sensor, or the like is used.
- the strain sensor 22 of the sensor unit 20 and the magnetic sensor 42 of the rotation detector 40 are connected to the averaging processing means 30.
- the averaging processing means 30 is means for averaging the output signal of the strain sensor 22. Since the sensor unit 20 is provided at an axial position around the rolling surface 3 on the outboard side row of the outer member 1, the output signal of the strain sensor 22 is an installation portion of the sensor unit 20 as shown in FIG. 6. Is affected by the rolling element 5 passing through the vicinity of. That is, when the rolling element 5 passes the position closest to the strain sensor 22 in the sensor unit 20 as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the amplitude of the output signal of the strain sensor 22 has a peak value, and the rolling element 5 Decreases as the distance from that position increases.
- the output signal of the strain sensor 22 has an amplitude whose period is the arrangement pitch P of the rolling elements 5 as shown in FIG. ), The waveform changes periodically as indicated by the solid line. Therefore, the averaging processing means 30 averages the amplitude of the output signal during the period in which the rolling elements 5 revolve around the arrangement pitch P as shown by the chain line in FIG. Is solved.
- the averaging processing by the averaging processing means 30 is performed as follows, for example. First, the rotational speed of the inner member 2 is calculated from the output signal of the magnetic sensor 42 of the rotation detector 40, and the required time T for the rolling elements 5 to revolve in the array pitch P is calculated from the calculated rotational speed. . Within this required time T, an arithmetic average of amplitude values of the output signal of the strain sensor 22 sampled at a predetermined period t is obtained. In this case, the sampling period t is sufficiently shorter than the required time T.
- An estimation means 31 is provided at the next stage of the averaging processing means 30.
- the estimation means 31 calculates the force (vertical load Fz, vertical force Fz, acting on the wheel bearing or between the wheel and the road surface (tire contact surface) from the average value of the output signal of the strain sensor 22 obtained by the averaging processing means 30. It is a means for estimating a load Fx and an axial load Fy) that become a driving force and a braking force.
- the estimation means 30 uses a calculation formula or a table or the like to determine the relationship between the vertical load Fz, the load Fx serving as a driving force or braking force, the axial load Fy, and the output signal (averaged) of the strain sensor 22.
- the load When a load acts between a wheel bearing or a wheel tire and a road surface, the load is also applied to the outer member 1 which is a fixed member of the wheel bearing, and deformation occurs. Since the two contact fixing portions 21a of the strain generating member 21 having the notch portion 21b in the sensor unit 20 are fixed in contact with the outer member 1, the strain of the outer member 1 is enlarged and transmitted to the strain generating member 21. Then, the distortion is detected with high sensitivity by the distortion sensor 22, and the load can be estimated from the output signal.
- the vertical load Fz and the axial load Fy can be estimated from the output signals of the two sensor units 20 arranged on the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion of the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1, and
- the load Fx due to the driving force or the braking force can be estimated from the output signals of the two sensor units 20 arranged on the right surface portion and the left surface portion of the radial surface.
- the output signal of the strain sensor 22 is directly affected by the passage of the rolling element 5, but the averaging processing means 30 averages the output signal, so that the influence of the passage of the rolling element is eliminated.
- the estimating means 31 can accurately estimate the loads acting on the wheel bearings and the tires of the wheels and the road surface (vertical load Fz, load Fx serving as driving force and braking force, and axial load Fy).
- each contact fixing portion 21a of the sensor unit 20 fixed to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 which is a fixed member passes through the contact fixing portion 21a.
- the strain transmitted to the strain generating member 21 is also different.
- the contact fixing portions 21 a of the sensor unit 20 are provided so as to have the same dimension in the axial direction with respect to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1, so that strain concentrates on the strain generating member 21. The detection sensitivity is improved accordingly.
- the strain generating member 21 of the sensor unit 20 is made of a strip having a uniform planar width, or a thin plate material having a planar planar shape and a cutout portion 21b on the side. Therefore, the distortion of the outer member 1 is easily transmitted to the distortion generating member 21, and the distortion is detected with high sensitivity by the distortion sensor 22. Hysteresis generated in the output signal is also reduced, and the load can be estimated with high accuracy. Further, the shape of the strain generating member 21 is also simple, and it can be made compact and low cost.
- the corner of the notch 21b of the strain generating member 21 has an arcuate cross section, the strain is not concentrated on the corner of the notch 21b, and the possibility of plastic deformation is reduced. Further, since the strain does not concentrate at the corner of the notch 21b, the variation in the strain distribution at the detection portion of the strain generating member 21, that is, the mounting portion of the strain sensor 22, is reduced, and the mounting position of the strain sensor 22 is distorted. The influence on the output signal of the sensor 22 is also reduced. Thereby, the load can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the circumferential direction part in which the bolt hole 14 for knuckle attachment was provided in multiple places of the circumferential direction of the vehicle body attachment flange 1a of the outer member 1 which is a fixed side member is outside the other part.
- the projecting piece 1aa protrudes to the radial side
- the two contact fixing portions 21a of the strain generating member 21 in the sensor unit 20 are arranged at the center between the adjacent projecting pieces 1aa, which causes the hysteresis.
- the strain generating member 21 is arranged at a position away from the protruding piece 1aa, and the hysteresis generated in the output signal of the strain sensor 22 is reduced accordingly, and the load can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the sensor unit 20 has an axial position around the outboard side rolling surface 3 of the double row rolling surfaces 3 in the outer member 1, that is, a relatively large installation space. Since the tire acting force is transmitted to the outer member 1 via the rolling elements 5 and disposed at a portion having a relatively large deformation amount, the detection sensitivity is improved, and the load can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the sensor unit 20 is provided on the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion, and the right surface portion and the left surface portion of the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 that is a fixed side member, under any load condition.
- the load can be estimated with high accuracy. That is, when a load in a certain direction increases, a portion where the rolling element 5 and the rolling surface 3 are in contact with each other and a portion which is not in contact appear with a phase difference of 180 degrees. If it is installed with a phase difference, the load applied to the outer member 1 is always transmitted to one of the sensor units 20 via the rolling elements 5, and the load can be detected by the strain sensor 22.
- the following configuration is not particularly limited. -Number of sensor units 20 installed, number of locations, number of contact fixing parts 21a, strain sensors 22, and notches 21b-Shape, fixing method (adhesion, welding, etc.) of sensor unit 20, orientation (axial direction) Distortion may be detected)
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show a second embodiment of the present invention.
- an anti-lock brake system sensor (axle rotation sensor) 40A is used as rotation detection means instead of the radial rotation detector 40 in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. ing.
- the sensor 40 ⁇ / b> A includes a magnetic encoder 51 shared by the slinger of the sealing device 8 on the inboard side, and a magnetic sensor 52 that faces the magnetic encoder 51 in the axial direction.
- the magnetic encoder 51 is a multipolar magnet 54 formed by vulcanizing and adhering a rubber magnet to the outward surface of the upright portion 53b of the magnetic encoder core metal 53 having an L-shaped cross section fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the inner member 2. Is provided.
- the multipolar magnet 54 is an annular member having a plurality of magnetic poles N and S arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the elastic seal plate 55 is obtained by fixing an elastic body 57 to an annular cored bar 56.
- the cored bar 56 has an inverted L-shaped cross section facing the magnetic encoder 51 in the axial direction.
- the elastic body 57 has one side lip 57a whose tip is in contact with the standing plate portion 53b of the magnetic encoder core 53, and two radial lips 57b and 57c whose tip is in contact with the cylindrical portion 53a of the magnetic encoder core 53.
- the magnetic sensor 52 is attached to the outer member 1 through the metal ring 60.
- the metal ring 60 has an inverted L-shaped cross section that includes a cylindrical portion 60a that is press-fitted and attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer member 1, and a flange portion 60b that extends from the inboard side end of the cylindrical portion 60a toward the inner diameter side.
- the magnetic sensor 52 is provided on the inward surface facing the multipolar magnet 54 of the magnetic encoder 51 of the flange portion 60b in the axial direction.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the sensor 40A for the anti-lock brake system is used as the rotation detection means for detecting the rotation of the inner member 2, so that the sensor unit by the averaging processing means 30 is provided without providing any special rotation detection means.
- An averaging process of 20 output signals can be performed.
- the sensor unit 20 is configured as follows. Also in this case, the sensor unit 20 includes a strain generating member 21 and a strain sensor 22 that is attached to the strain generating member 21 and detects the strain of the strain generating member 21, as shown in an enlarged sectional view in FIG. .
- the strain generating member 21 has two contact fixing portions 21a projecting on the inner surface facing the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 at both ends, and these contact fixing portions 21a are formed on the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1. Fixed in contact.
- one contact fixing portion 21a is disposed at an axial position around the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row of the outer member 1, and is located on the outboard side from this position.
- Another contact fixing portion 21a is arranged at the position, and both the contact fixing portions 21a are arranged at the same phase position in the circumferential direction of the outer member 1. That is, the sensor unit 20 is arranged so that the two contact fixing portions 21a of the distortion generating member 21 are located at the same circumferential direction position of the outer member 1 that is the fixed side member and at positions separated from each other in the axial direction.
- the outer member 1 is arranged on the outer diameter surface.
- the periphery of the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row is a range from the intermediate position of the rolling surface 3 of the inboard side row and the outboard side row to the formation portion of the rolling surface 3 of the outboard side row. It is. Also in this case, in order to stably fix the sensor unit 20 to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1, the contact fixing portion 21 a of the strain generating member 21 on the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 is fixed at a location where the sensor unit 20 is fixed. It is desirable to form a flat part. In addition, one notch portion 21 b that opens to the inner surface side is formed in the central portion of the strain generating member 21.
- the strain sensor 22 is affixed to a location where the strain increases with respect to the load in each direction on the strain generating member 21.
- the location the position around the notch portion 21b, specifically, the outer surface side of the strain generating member 21 and the back side of the notch portion 21b is selected, and the strain sensor 22 is the notch portion. The distortion around 21b is detected.
- the two contact fixing portions 21a of the strain generating member 21 are fixed by fastening to the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 by bolts 47, respectively. Specifically, each of these bolts 47 is inserted into a bolt insertion hole 48 provided in the contact fixing portion 21a in the radial direction and screwed into a bolt hole 49 provided in the outer peripheral portion of the outer member 1. .
- an adhesive or the like may be used as a fixing method of the contact fixing part 21a. At locations other than the contact fixing portion 21 a of the strain generating member 21, a gap is generated between the outer member 1 and the outer diameter surface.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 10 showing a front view of the outer member 1 of the wheel bearing as viewed from the outboard side.
- the two sensor units 20 disposed on the right surface portion and the left surface portion of the outer diameter surface of the outer member 1 are omitted.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIGS.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、車輪用軸受に対してある方向の荷重が大きくなる場合、固定輪フランジ面とナックル面の間は、最初は荷重よりも静止摩擦力の方が大きいため滑らないが、ある大きさを超えると静止摩擦力に打ち勝って滑るようになる。その状態で荷重を小さくしていくと、やはり最初は静止摩擦力により滑らないが、ある大きさになると滑るようになる。その結果、この変形が生じる部分で荷重を推定しようとすると、出力信号に図12のようなヒステリシスが生じる。ヒステリシスが生じると、検出分解能が低下する。
また、特許文献2に開示のように、外輪に歪みゲージを貼り付けるのでは、組立性に問題がある。
また、特許文献3に開示のセンサ付車輪用軸受では、車輪用軸受の転動体がセンサユニットの設置部の近傍を通過する毎にセンサユニットの出力信号の振幅が大きくなる。すなわち、センサユニットの出力信号が転動体の影響を受けた周期的な波形となり、荷重を精度良く検出できない。
車輪用軸受や、車輪のタイヤと路面間に荷重が作用すると、車輪用軸受の固定側部材(例えば外方部材)にも荷重が印加されて変形が生じ、その変形から荷重検出手段が荷重を検出する。荷重検出手段の出力信号は、そのままでは転動体の通過の影響を受けるが、平均化処理手段がその出力信号を平均化処理するので、転動体通過の影響が解消される。これにより、推定手段では、転動体の影響を受けることなく、車輪用軸受や、車輪のタイヤと路面間に作用する荷重(垂直方向荷重Fz ,駆動力や制動力となる荷重Fx ,軸方向荷重Fy)を精度良く推定できる。
このように、平面概形が均一幅の帯状である薄板材で歪み発生部材を構成した場合、歪み発生部材をコンパクトで低コストなものとできる。
2 内方部材
3,4 転走面
5 転動体
20 センサユニット(荷重検出手段)
21 歪み発生部材
21a 接触固定部
21b 切欠き部
22 歪みセンサ
30 平均化処理手段
31 推定手段
40 回転検出器(回転検出手段)
40A アンチロックブレーキシステム用センサ(回転検出手段)
内方部材2は回転側部材となるものであって、車輪取付用のハブフランジ9aを有するハブ輪9と、このハブ輪9の軸部9bのインボード側端の外周に嵌合した内輪10とでなる。これらハブ輪9および内輪10に、前記各列の転走面4が形成されている。ハブ輪9のインボード側端の外周には段差を持って小径となる内輪嵌合面12が設けられ、この内輪嵌合面12に内輪10が嵌合している。ハブ輪9の中心には貫通孔11が設けられている。ハブフランジ9aには、周方向複数箇所にハブボルト(図示せず)の圧入孔15が設けられている。ハブ輪9のハブフランジ9aの根元部付近には、車輪および制動部品(図示せず)を案内する円筒状のパイロット部13がアウトボード側に突出している。
センサユニット20は、外方部材1のアウトボード側列の転走面3の周辺となる軸方向位置に設けられるので、歪みセンサ22の出力信号は、図6のようにセンサユニット20の設置部の近傍を通過する転動体5の影響を受ける。すなわち、図6(A),(B)のように転動体5がセンサユニット20における歪みセンサ22に最も近い位置を通過するとき、歪みセンサ22の出力信号の振幅はピーク値となり、転動体5がその位置から遠ざかるにつれて低下する。転動体5は所定の配列ピッチPで前記センサユニット20の設置部の近傍を順次通過するので、歪みセンサ22の出力信号は、その振幅が転動体5の配列ピッチPを周期として図6(C)に実線で示すように周期的に変化する波形となる。そこで、前記平均化処理手段30は、転動体5が配列ピッチP分を公転する期間での前記出力信号の振幅を図6(C)に鎖線で示すように平均化して、転動体5の影響を解消する。なお図6(A)では、センサユニット20として、図5の構成例のものを示している。
・ センサユニット20の設置個数、設置場所や、接触固定部21a,歪みセンサ22,切欠き部21bの数
・ センサユニット20の形状、固定方法(接着、溶接など)、固定する向き(軸方向の歪みを検出しても構わない)
また、歪み発生部材21の中央部には内面側に開口する1つの切欠き部21bが形成されている。歪みセンサ22は、歪み発生部材21における各方向の荷重に対して歪みが大きくなる箇所に貼り付けられる。ここでは、その箇所として、前記切欠き部21bの周辺、具体的には歪み発生部材21の外面側で切欠き部21bの背面側となる位置が選ばれており、歪みセンサ22は切欠き部21b周辺の歪みを検出する。
Claims (5)
- 車体に対して車輪を回転自在に支持する車輪用軸受であって、
複列の転走面が内周に形成された外方部材と、
前記転走面と対向する転走面が外周に形成された内方部材と、
両部材の対向する転走面間に介在した複列の転動体と、
上記外方部材および内方部材のうちの固定側部材に設けられ、車輪用軸受に作用する荷重を検出する荷重検出手段と、
上記外方部材および内方部材のうちの回転側部材の回転を検出する回転検出手段と、
この回転検出手段の出力信号から前記回転側部材の回転速度を算出し、その回転速度から前記転動体がその配列ピッチ分公転するのに要する時間を求め、その時間での前記荷重検出手段の出力信号の平均値を算出する平均化処理手段と、
この平均化処理手段の算出値からタイヤ接地面に作用する荷重もしくは車輪用軸受に作用する荷重を推定する推定手段と、
を備えたセンサ付車輪用軸受。 - 請求項1において、前記回転検出手段がアンチロックブレーキシステム用のセンサであるセンサ付車輪用軸受。
- 請求項1において、前記荷重検出手段は、前記固定側部材に接触して固定される2つ以上の接触固定部を有する歪み発生部材、およびこの歪み発生部材に取付けられてこの歪み発生部材の歪みを検出する歪みセンサを有するセンサユニットからなり、前記各接触固定部は、前記固定側部材の外径面に対して、軸方向に同寸法となるように設けたセンサ付車輪用軸受。
- 請求項3において、前記歪み発生部材は、平面概形が均一幅の帯状、または平面概形が帯状で側辺部に切欠き部を有する薄板材からなるセンサ付車輪用軸受。
- 請求項3において、前記センサユニットを、タイヤ接地面に対して上下位置および左右位置となる前記固定側部材の外径面の上面部、下面部、右面部、および左面部に配置したセンサ付車輪用軸受。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/735,655 US8397590B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-01-27 | Bearing for wheel with sensor |
DE112009000269T DE112009000269T5 (de) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-01-27 | Radlager mit Sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008-025989 | 2008-02-06 | ||
JP2008025989A JP5153373B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 | 2008-02-06 | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009098843A1 true WO2009098843A1 (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
Family
ID=40951924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/000293 WO2009098843A1 (ja) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-01-27 | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8397590B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5153373B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112009000269T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009098843A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102216635B (zh) * | 2008-11-17 | 2015-10-07 | Ntn株式会社 | 带有传感器的车轮轴承 |
DE102011078281A1 (de) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Sensoranordnung mit magnetischem Index-Encoder in einer Lagerdichtung |
KR101134896B1 (ko) | 2010-11-12 | 2012-04-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 타이어 힘 센서를 이용한 휠 속도 산출 장치 및 그 방법과 이를 이용한 섀시 제어 시스템 |
JP5996297B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2016-09-21 | Ntn株式会社 | センサ付車輪用軸受装置 |
CN107180416B (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-06-05 | 石家庄铁道大学 | 火车车轮踏面图像畸形校正方法及系统 |
GB2593711A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-06 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Sensor assembly |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005048823A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | センサ付きハブユニット |
JP2007064778A (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-15 | Ntn Corp | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
JP2007292158A (ja) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-08 | Ntn Corp | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3759344A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1973-09-18 | Ass Eng Ltd | Systems for land vehicles |
US5571056A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-11-05 | Gilbert; Raymond D. | Derailleur cable collet |
DE60131571T2 (de) | 2000-04-10 | 2008-10-23 | The Timken Company, Canton | Lageranordnung mit sensoren zur überwachung von lasten |
FR2812356B1 (fr) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-12-06 | Roulements Soc Nouvelle | Roulement comprenant au moins une zone de deformation elastique et ensemble de freinage le comprenant |
DE602004021470D1 (de) * | 2003-02-07 | 2009-07-23 | Jtekt Corp | Wälzlagereinheit mit sensor |
JP4925624B2 (ja) | 2005-08-23 | 2012-05-09 | Ntn株式会社 | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
WO2007018072A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-15 | Ntn Corporation | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
JP2008025989A (ja) | 2006-07-15 | 2008-02-07 | Keio Gijuku | 局在表面プラズモン共鳴法と質量分析法によるリガンドの分析方法及びそのためのセンサー素子 |
-
2008
- 2008-02-06 JP JP2008025989A patent/JP5153373B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-01-27 US US12/735,655 patent/US8397590B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-01-27 DE DE112009000269T patent/DE112009000269T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-01-27 WO PCT/JP2009/000293 patent/WO2009098843A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005048823A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | センサ付きハブユニット |
JP2007064778A (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-15 | Ntn Corp | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
JP2007292158A (ja) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-08 | Ntn Corp | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112009000269T5 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
US8397590B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
JP2009186303A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
JP5153373B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
US20100318304A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5274343B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
US8578791B2 (en) | Sensor-equipped bearing for wheel | |
JP5019988B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
WO2009098843A1 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5424565B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5094457B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5063270B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5142683B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2010127376A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2010230406A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5085290B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5264206B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5300429B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
WO2015005282A1 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受装置 | |
JP5072608B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5224805B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2009036556A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5219423B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2010121745A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2009185888A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP5219424B2 (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2009128335A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2009069105A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2009075054A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 | |
JP2011085439A (ja) | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09708458 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12735655 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 09708458 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
RET | De translation (de og part 6b) |
Ref document number: 112009000269 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20110505 Kind code of ref document: P |