WO2009090933A1 - 低酸素状態にある細胞で増殖するウイルスまたは遺伝子を発現するウイルスベクター - Google Patents
低酸素状態にある細胞で増殖するウイルスまたは遺伝子を発現するウイルスベクター Download PDFInfo
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- C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
- C12N2710/16611—Simplexvirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 1, 2
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- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron
- C12N2840/203—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron having an IRES
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a virus comprising a gene encoding a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth, a method for producing a virus using such a virus, a virus or virus vector obtainable thereby, and the virus or
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease characterized by having a cell in a hypoxic state, including a viral vector.
- the present inventors have modified the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) gene, and the cells express the calponin gene and proliferate, that is, leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, vascular stenosis.
- HSV-1 herpes simplex virus type I
- a method has been developed that allows cells to proliferate in cells only when they are infected with smooth muscle cells that proliferate at the site, thereby expressing genes in the infected cells or destroying the infected cells (Patent Document 1).
- Cancer cells in a hypoxic environment within the tumor are ineffective for radiotherapy and chemotherapy and have the ability to metastasize to distant organs.
- acute myeloid leukemia the presence of cancer stem cells in a cell population having self-replicating ability in the hypoxic region of the bone marrow has been reported (Non-patent Document 1).
- the presence of cancer stem cells has also been reported in solid cancers such as breast cancer, brain tumor, and colon cancer (Non-patent Document 2).
- cancer stem cells are considered to be cancer cells that are resistant to treatment, have high metastatic potential, and are capable of self-replication even in a hypoxic environment (Non-patent Document 3). Therefore, development of a treatment method that selectively destroys cancer cells in a low oxygen region such as cancer stem cells is desired.
- an ODD sequence that serves as a marker of proteolysis at normoxic partial pressure is used to convert any protein under hypoxia.
- ODD oxygen-dependent degradation domain
- a method of creating a fusion protein in which an ODD sequence is added to the amino terminus of caspase 3 protein, which is an apoptosis promoting factor, activates caspase 3 protein only in cells under hypoxia, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells Methods for expressing diphtheria toxin protein have been developed (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that a virus for specifically damaging a hypoxic cell such as a cancer stem cell, a gene in a hypoxic state, preferably a cell having a replication capacity in a hypoxic state, more genes And a pharmaceutical composition containing them.
- a hypoxic cell such as a cancer stem cell, a gene in a hypoxic state, preferably a cell having a replication capacity in a hypoxic state, more genes
- a pharmaceutical composition containing them is that a virus for specifically damaging a hypoxic cell such as a cancer stem cell, a gene in a hypoxic state, preferably a cell having a replication capacity in a hypoxic state, more genes And a pharmaceutical composition containing them.
- the present inventors fused an oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) with a protein essential for virus growth, and produced a virus containing a gene encoding such a fusion protein.
- ODD oxygen-dependent degradation domain
- the fusion protein is recognized and degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system as a result of hydroxylation of proline residues in the ODD sequence by proline hydroxylase.
- it is not decomposed under low oxygen conditions, for example, an oxygen partial pressure of 10 mmHg or less. Therefore, the virus cannot grow in cells at normoxic partial pressure, and only grows when infected with hypoxic proliferating cells, expresses the loaded gene, and produces a specific lytic effect. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (16).
- (1) a virus or virus vector comprising a gene encoding a fusion protein of an Oxygen-dependent Degradation Domain (ODD) and a protein essential for virus growth (2) The virus or virus of (1), wherein the protein essential for proliferation is selected from the group consisting of herpesvirus ICP4, ⁇ 34.5, adenovirus E1A, E1B, retrovirus LTR R and U5 vector, (3) The virus or viral vector according to (2), wherein the protein essential for proliferation is ICP4, (4) The virus or virus vector according to any one of (1) to (3), which is deficient in ribonucleotide reductase (RR), (5) (a) Infecting a cell with the virus according to any one of (1) to (4), (B) culturing the cells in a hypoxic condition; (C) recovering the propagated virus;
- a method for producing a virus or viral vector comprising: (6) a virus or virus vector obtainable by the method according to (5),
- the virus or virus vector according to (6) which is an ODD ⁇ RR strain
- (8) The cell or virus vector according to any one of (1) to (4), or the virus or virus vector according to (6) or (7), wherein the cell has a replication capacity in a hypoxic state
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing the disease (9) The pharmaceutical composition according to (8), wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart or vascular stenosis in brain disease, (10) The pharmaceutical composition according to (9), wherein the disease is cancer.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to (10), which targets cancer stem cells present in cancer (12) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (8) to (11), wherein the hypoxic state is a state where the oxygen partial pressure is 10 mmHg or less, (13) A method for treating or preventing a disease characterized in that cells in a subject are hypoxic and have replication ability, the virus or viral vector according to any one of (1) to (4), Or a method comprising administering the virus or viral vector according to (6) or (7) to a subject, (14) The virus or virus according to any one of (1) to (4) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease characterized in that cells in a subject are hypoxic and have replication ability
- a vector or a virus or viral vector according to (6) or (7) (15) a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth
- cells that are hypoxic such as cancer stem cells
- cells that have replication ability in hypoxic conditions can be specifically damaged, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, It is possible to effectively treat or prevent vascular stenosis in ischemic heart or brain disease.
- FIG. 1 shows AZP7a human gastric cancer cells transfected with CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-EGFP-polyA DNA fragment in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS in normoxia (O 2 20%) or hypoxia After culturing under pressure (O 2 1%), the expression of EGFP, HIF1 ⁇ and ICP4 was observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- FIG. 2 shows normoxic partial pressure (20% O 2) in AZP7a human gastric cancer cells co-transfected with DNA of ICP4-deleted HSV-1 mutant d120 and CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-EGFP-polyA DNA fragment.
- FIG. 3 shows d12.
- the construction of ODD ⁇ RR is shown.
- FIG. 4 shows purified d12.
- ODD ⁇ RR grew well under conditions of low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%).
- FIG. 5 shows purified d12.
- ICP4 when ODD ⁇ RR is infected with AZP7a human gastric cancer cell line at multiple infectivity (MOI) 0.1 and cultured for 48 hours at normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) or low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%) It is a Western blot which shows protein expression. ICP4 was expressed only at low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%).
- FIG. 6 shows purified d12. The results of virus replication analysis showing ganciclovir sensitivity when ODD ⁇ RR was infected with Vero cells at MOI of 0.01 and cultured at normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) or hypoxic partial pressure (O 2 1%) for 26 hours. is there.
- FIG. 1 The results of virus replication analysis showing ganciclovir sensitivity when ODD ⁇ RR was infected with Vero cells at MOI of 0.01 and cultured at normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) or hypoxic partial pressure (O 2 1%) for 26 hours. is there.
- FIG. 7 shows d12.g in a tumor hypoxic region labeled with pimonidazole in a tumor transplanted with AZP7a human gastric cancer cultured cells intraperitoneally in SCID mice. Immunohistochemistry showing the expression of ICP4 protein showing the growth of ODD ⁇ RR (d12.ODD ⁇ RR injected at 1 ⁇ 10 7 pfu) and the presence of HSV-1 envelope antigen.
- FIG. 8 shows d12.g. for a tumor transplanted with MSTO human malignant mesothelioma cultured cells subcutaneously on the back of SCID mice.
- FIG. 6 shows the antitumor effect of ODD ⁇ RR (d12.ODD ⁇ RR was injected into a tumor at 1-2 ⁇ 10 3 pfu / time).
- FIG. 9 shows d12.
- the antitumor effect of ODD ⁇ RR (d12. ODD ⁇ RR was injected into the tumor at 1-2 ⁇ 10 3 pfu / time; first time injection, then 17 times every 3-4 days) was determined as d12.
- FIG. 10 shows that GIST cultured cells were divided into positive and negative fractions of the cancer stem cell surface marker CD133 using AutoMACS Pro (manufactured by Miltenyi), then cultured in a petri dish and purified. It is the result of the virus replication analysis which infected ODD ⁇ RR with MOI 0.01-0.0001.
- the present invention relates to a virus or a virus vector containing a gene encoding a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth.
- ODD oxygen-dependent degradation domain
- SEQ ID NO: 1 The amino acid sequence of ODD is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and its nucleic acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the ODD used in the present invention consists of an amino acid sequence in which one to several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and a nucleus consisting of 23 amino acids at the amino terminus. It contains the amino acid proline which functions as an internalization signal (NLS) and a marker of proteolysis. Its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the nucleic acid sequence encoding the NLS-ODD sequence used in the present invention contains a Kozak consensus sequence at the 5 'end.
- the nucleic acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- Proteins essential for virus growth include not only virus growth but also proteins essential for viral vector and / or nucleic acid replication.
- Various proteins are known, such as HSV-1 ICP4, ⁇ 34.5, adenovirus E1A and E1B, retrovirus LTR R and U5, and herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase ( RR) and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the amino acid sequences of these proteins are known.
- the protein used for the growth of the virus used in the present invention has 1 to several proteins in the natural amino acid sequence, such as 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2. It includes a protein having an amino acid sequence in which one amino acid is deleted, substituted, or added, and retaining the function of the protein.
- the virus is a propagating virus because the virus or viral vector of the present invention is used to damage the infected cell by being replicated within the infected cell.
- the virus may be either a DNA virus or an RNA virus.
- Mechanisms for damaging infected cells include, for example, direct cell lysis by virus growth, induction of apoptosis of virus-infected cells, activation of the immune system, and the like.
- a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth refers to a protein in which these two proteins are present as a single polypeptide chain and are combined so as to retain the functions of the respective proteins. .
- One skilled in the art can produce such fusion proteins based on the sequences of proteins essential for ODD and viral growth. Since such a fusion protein can be degraded in association with degradation of ODD by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the presence and / or amount of such fusion protein can be adjusted to the oxygen partial pressure of infected cells using the virus or viral vector of the present invention. It becomes possible to control depending on.
- any foreign gene is ligated downstream of a gene encoding a protein sequence essential for growth via an internal Ribosomal entry site (IRES) (US Pat. No. 4,937,190).
- IRS internal Ribosomal entry site
- cells that are hypoxic preferably cells that are capable of replication in hypoxia, such as cancer stem cells.
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention is deficient in ribonucleotide reductase (RR).
- Deletion refers to a state in which the function of RR is lost, and is caused by, for example, nucleotide deletion, insertion, or mutation in a gene encoding RR.
- RR is an enzyme that works in the process of DNA synthesis and is produced in large quantities in actively proliferating cells such as cancer cells. Therefore, by making RR deficient, the virus of the present invention is replicated more frequently in actively proliferating cells such as cancer cells than normal cells.
- cells resistant to existing treatment methods such as cancer stem cells exist in a hypoxic state and have a self-replicating ability. Therefore, the virus or viral vector of the present invention has ODD, and By deficient in RR, it is possible to specifically damage proliferating cells and / or self-replicating cells in a hypoxic state including cancer stem cells.
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention does not contain a protein essential for virus growth, for example, a gene encoding RR, other than a gene encoding a protein essential for virus growth contained in the fusion protein.
- a protein essential for virus growth for example, a gene encoding RR, other than a gene encoding a protein essential for virus growth contained in the fusion protein.
- the present invention provides: (1) Infecting a cell with the virus of the present invention, (2) culturing the cells in a hypoxic condition; (3) recovering the propagated virus; And a method for producing a virus or a viral vector.
- Introduction of the viral gene of the present invention into cells is carried out by normal infection of the virus. Any cell can be used as long as the virus can be replicated in the cell.
- the hypoxic state refers to a state where the oxygen partial pressure is lower than the oxygen partial pressure in the normal growth environment of the virus or the normal oxygen partial pressure in the living body.
- the oxygen partial pressure is about 20 mmHg or less (or oxygen partial pressure).
- the oxygen partial pressure is about 2% or less
- the oxygen partial pressure is about 10 mmHg or less (or the oxygen partial pressure is about 1% or less).
- Proliferated virus is recovered from the culture supernatant by means and methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the obtained virus is infected with a target cell in a hypoxic state, preferably a target cell having a replication capacity in a hypoxic state, can be propagated for a certain period of time, and can be specifically damaged, cultured supernatant or viral infection
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention can also be obtained in the supernatant obtained by lysing and centrifuging cells.
- the present invention relates to a virus or virus vector that can be obtained by the above-described method for producing a virus or virus vector of the present invention.
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention efficiently grows in cells that are hypoxic, preferably in cells that are capable of replication in hypoxia.
- the virus used in the method for producing a virus or virus vector of the present invention is HSV-1 and lacks RR
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention is used in actively proliferating cells such as cancer cells. Can grow better.
- the virus or viral vector of the present invention has d12. ODD ⁇ RR strain. Such d12.
- the ODD ⁇ RR strain will be described in detail later.
- the virus or virus vector of the present invention can also be obtained by infecting a cell with the virus or virus vector of the present invention and replicating the viral nucleic acid in the cell.
- the present invention relates to a cell infected or introduced with the virus or virus vector of the present invention.
- Infection or introduction of the virus or virus vector of the present invention into cells can be performed using known methods.
- Cells infected or introduced with the virus or virus vector of the present invention can be injected into a living body and used to induce an immune response against the cells.
- the present invention in another aspect, treats or treats a disease characterized in that the cell is hypoxic, preferably containing a virus or a viral vector of the present invention, and preferably has a replication capacity in a hypoxic state.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for prevention.
- the low oxygen state is as described above, but is preferably a state where the oxygen partial pressure is about 10 mmHg or less (a state where the oxygen partial pressure is about 1% or less).
- Diseases characterized by the ability of cells to replicate in hypoxia include, for example, all cancers, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart or vascular stenosis in brain diseases, etc. It is not limited.
- cells such as cancer stem cells have a replication capacity in a hypoxic state. Only these cells have the ability to relapse or metastasize cancer, and are considered resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so using the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, diseases that are resistant to existing therapies, For example, it becomes possible to treat cancer and prevent its metastasis.
- the virus or virus vector contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is characterized in that it replicates or proliferates in a hypoxic cell, preferably a cell having a replication capacity in a hypoxic state. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition containing the virus or virus vector of the present invention can target only cells in a hypoxic state. Specifically, when a virus is contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, the cell can be damaged by growing the virus only in a hypoxic cell. When a viral vector is included, it is possible to express a specific gene only in a hypoxic cell. Since the viral vector is preferably replicated, the gene expression level is large and persistent in hypoxic cells.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention when the virus or virus vector contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is deficient in RR, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has actively proliferating cancer cells, preferably self-replicating ability. Cancer stem cells possessed can be more specifically damaged.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain various components such as carriers, excipients and additives in addition to the virus or virus vector of the present invention. Such components preferably increase the infection efficiency of the virus or viral vector, and are appropriately selected according to various factors such as the disease, the target cell state to be treated, and the administration method. The amount of virus or virus vector contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and the number of administrations are appropriately selected according to various factors such as disease, target cell, subject state, administration method and the like. In addition, a known therapeutic agent for a disease to be treated or prevented may be used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention or in combination with the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a method for treating and / or preventing a disease characterized in that cells in a subject are hypoxic, characterized by administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to the subject.
- a method for treating and / or preventing a disease characterized in that cells in a subject are hypoxic characterized by administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to the subject.
- an existing treatment method for a disease to be treated or prevented may be used in combination.
- the present invention relates to the use of the virus or viral vector of the present invention for the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or preventing a disease characterized in that the cells are hypoxic.
- the present invention relates to a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth.
- the amino acid sequence of a fusion protein in which the protein essential for virus growth is ICP4 of HSV-1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- Such a fusion protein lacks one to several, for example 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- It includes a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence deleted, substituted, or added, and having the function of a fusion protein, that is, the function of a protein essential for ODD and virus growth.
- the fusion protein of the present invention can be produced by a known method such as a gene recombination method.
- the fusion protein of the present invention can be used for labeling a hypoxic region in vivo by introducing it into a cell in advance.
- the present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein of the ODD and a protein essential for virus growth.
- the nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein whose essential protein for virus growth is ICP4 of HSV-1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- virus Ubiquitin in the ODD (oxygen-dependent degradation domain) of HIF1 ⁇ an amino acid sequence that serves as a proteolytic marker at normoxic partial pressure, at the amino terminus of ICP4, a transcription factor essential for HSV-1 replication initiation -57 polypeptides containing a proline residue at position 564, which is a proteasome recognition site, were added. Furthermore, a nuclear translocation signal consisting of 23 amino acids was added to the amino terminus.
- the ICP4 gene is a start codon by PCR from the 4085 bp blunt-end SalI-MseI fragment (provided by Dr. Hayward of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine) derived from pGH108 (J. Virol. 56, 558-570, 1985) containing the coding region. To the PvuII site, and a 261 bp DNA encoding a Kozak sequence (atattccccctttgac), 23 amino acid sequences serving as nuclear translocation signals and 57 ODD sequences were ligated to the 5 ′ end.
- the PvuII-MseI fragment of ICP4 was ligated to the 3 'side to construct an ODD fusion ICP4 gene (4221 bp). Furthermore, E. coli via a CMV promoter (588 bp) upstream and IRES (585 bp) downstream thereof. An approximately 9 kb CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-LacZ-polyA fragment ligated with a LacZ-polyA sequence derived from Coli (3.3 kb) was constructed. Furthermore, a CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-EGFP-polyA fragment in which LacZ-polyA was replaced with EGFP-polyA was also constructed.
- AZP7a human gastric cancer cells in 6-well tissue culture plates were prepared using the CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-EGFP-polyA fragment using Lipofectamine (GIBCO / BRL) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- a subconfluent monolayer culture of a strain (provided by Mr. Nishimori, Sapporo Medical University) (2.5 ⁇ 10 5 / well) was cotransfected with pSV2neo, which is an expression vector for a drug resistance gene.
- pSV2neo which is an expression vector for a drug resistance gene.
- a fluorescence anti-microscope was used to determine whether the expression of ICP4 protein changes due to the partial pressure of oxygen under normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) and low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%). It was examined using. It was confirmed that both EGFP and ICP4 were expressed in the same cell only under hypoxic conditions (FIG. 1). EGFP was expressed under either normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) or low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%), whereas HIF1 ⁇ and ICP4 were under low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%). It was expressed only in cultured cells. It was confirmed that the expression of the ODD-ICP4 fusion protein is controlled by the oxygen partial pressure of the cells (FIG. 1).
- HSV-1 lacking the CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-EGFP-polyA fragment and ICP4 under normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) and hypoxic partial pressure (O 2 1%).
- Mutant d120 virus DNA was cotransfected into AZP7a cells according to the manufacturer's protocol and plaque counts were made 48 hours later. It was confirmed that plaques were formed only under conditions of low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%) (FIG. 2). Plaque formation indicating viral growth was much more observed when cultured at low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%). It was confirmed that the ODD-ICP4 fusion protein is controlled not only in expression (FIG. 1 and Western blot) but also in its function by the oxygen partial pressure of the cells.
- PKpX2 J. Virol. 62, 196-205, 1988 containing the 2.3 kb sequence of the 5'-side gene encoding RR (UL39), an enzyme essential for viral DNA replication (From Mr. Weller, Coneticut University) CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-LacZ-polyA fragment is inserted into the StuI site of the provided), and XhoI (the XbaI site further 5 ′ of the 5 ′ RR sequence of pKpX2 and the 3 ′ RR sequence further 3′-side HindIII site replaced with XhoI) 11.3 kb UL39-CMV-NLS-ODD-ICP4-IRES-LacZ-polyA-UL39 homologous linearization by digestion and removal of pUC19 sequence A replacement vector was constructed.
- Lipofectamine® (GIBCO / BRL) was used according to the manufacturer's protocol to make ICP4 in 6-well tissue culture plates consistently Were co-transfected into sub-confluent monolayer cultures of VeroE5 cells (2.5 ⁇ 10 5 / well) expressed in Three hours after transfection, 1 ml of a 20% DMEM culture solution was added, and the cells were cultured in the above-mentioned culture solution (10% FBS / DMEM) containing 0.5 mg / ml of 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid (HMBA) until 96 hours later. After confirmation of plaque formation, the cells were cultured for 24 hours in 10% FBS / DMEM without HMBA. The cells were suspended in 500 ⁇ l / well of cold virus buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl containing 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5) and stored frozen.
- cold virus buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl containing 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5
- the suspension was serially diluted and infected with sub-confluent monolayer cultured Vero E5 cells in 96-well tissue culture plates.
- the cells were cultured in 1% FBS / DMEM containing 100 ⁇ l of 11.3 ⁇ g / ml human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) per well for 96 hours after infection.
- VeroE5 monolayer cultured cells are suspended in 100 ⁇ l of the culture broth from the wells that have been confirmed to form plaques.
- ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme activity using (X-gal) as a substrate was measured using a ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme analysis system (Promega).
- the VeroE5 cell suspension in a well positive for ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme activity was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the pellet was suspended in 100 ⁇ l / well of cold virus buffer.
- the same limiting dilution infection / ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme activity measurement using a 96-well tissue culture plate was repeated twice more using VeroE5 cells, and recombinant virus d12. ODD ⁇ RR was purified as a single plaque ( Figure 3). Recombinant virus d12. ODD ⁇ RR is maintained and managed by the inventor.
- Vero cells in 10-20 150 cm 2 / tissue culture flasks (T-150; manufactured by IWAKI CLASS) were infected and cultured in serum-free medium VP-SMF (Invitrogen) for 48 hours.
- Virus was prepared by centrifuging at 42000 g for 45 minutes and collecting in a precipitate fraction. It was suspended in 10 ml of cold virus buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl containing 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5). Freezing and thawing treatments combined with sonication (3 times for 30 seconds) were performed three times, the cells were lysed, centrifuged at 4 ° C.
- ICP4 expression AZP7a cells were treated with d12 so that the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 0.1 under normoxic partial pressure (O 2 20%) and low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%). . Each was infected with ODD ⁇ RR or virus buffer alone, cultured for 48 hours, and then collected. The same amount of protein was subjected to SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). The membrane was blocked for 2 hours at room temperature using 5% skim milk (DIFCO Laboratories) and then anti-ICP4 antibody (Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research; dilution 1: 500) at 4 ° C. Incubate overnight. ICP4 protein was expressed more under conditions of low oxygen partial pressure (O 2 1%) (FIG. 5). ICP4 expression was not observed even when only virus buffer was added to AZP7a.
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- O 2 20% normoxic partial pressure
- O 2 1% low oxygen partial pressure
- Virus replication analysis showing ganciclovir sensitivity of ODD ⁇ RR Cultivate 5 ⁇ 10 4 Vero cell line in a 24-well culture plate, d12.
- ganciclovir manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- FBS / DMEM 1% FBS / DMEM
- X-Gal staining was performed and the number of plaques was counted.
- AZP7a cells were injected into the abdominal cavity of a 6-week-old female severe combined immunodeficient mouse (SCID mouse) (manufactured by CLEA Japan) and MSTO human malignant mesothelioma cells (ATCC, CRL-2081) human smooth muscle Primary tumor cells, MCF7 human breast cancer cells (ATCC, HTB-22) were injected subcutaneously into the side of the body to establish the tumor.
- MSTO was transfected with the luciferase gene pGL4.13 (Promega), and the clone with the highest chemiluminescence intensity and growth rate was selected.
- luciferin Sigma Chemicals
- the intensity of chemiluminescence from the subcutaneous tumor cells is measured with a highly sensitive CCD camera using a real-time in vivo imaging system (Berthold). did. D12.
- ODD ⁇ RR showed a marked antitumor effect.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the results of treatment for human malignant mesothelioma and leiomyosarcoma.
- d12 The antitumor effect of the treatment group in which ODD ⁇ RR was injected a total of 7 times on the predetermined day indicated by the arrow was clear (FIG. 8).
- mice with tumors were killed for a predetermined number of days.
- the subcutaneous tumor was removed and fixed overnight at 4 ° C. with PBS containing 1 mM MgCl 2 using 2% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% glutaraldehyde.
- X-gal (1 mg / ml), 5 mM K 3 Fe (CN 6 ), 5 mM K 4 Fe (CN 6 ) and 1 mM MgCl 2 in a substrate solution in PBS, and the tumor at 37 ° C. And then washed with PBS containing 3% DMSO.
- the sections were incubated with 1% (v / v) goat serum / PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and 2% using the above-mentioned anti-ICP4 antibody or anti-envelope antibody (Quartett).
- (W / v) Incubated overnight at 4 ° C. in BSA / PBS.
- the sections were washed 5 times with 0.005% (v / v) Tween 20 / PBS, and then 2% (w / v) BSA / using biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG (TAGO Immunologicals).
- the mixture was incubated with PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, and incubated with avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories) for 30 minutes at room temperature. After washing with 0.005% (v / v) Tween 20 / PBS, the final reaction product was visualized with diaminobenzidine (WAKO Chemicals) and the sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. As a control, tissue specimens treated with goat serum were used to see non-specific staining. The detection of the tissue hypoxia region was performed using Hypoxyprobe-1 kit (manufactured by Natural Pharmacia International) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of virus replication analysis in which ODD ⁇ RR was infected with MOI 0.01-0.0001. d12. ODD ⁇ RR grew better in CD133 positive tumors and showed a stronger cytotoxic effect.
- a virus or virus vector containing a gene encoding a fusion protein of ODD and a protein essential for virus growth, a pharmaceutical composition containing them, and the like are provided.
- the present invention can be used in the development and production of therapeutic agents for cancer resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, preferably cancer stem cells, under conditions.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 ODD SEQ ID NO: 2: ODD SEQ ID NO: 3: NLS-ODD SEQ ID NO: 4: Kozak-NLS-ODD SEQ ID NO: 5: ODD-ICP4 fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 6: Kozak-NLS-ODD-ICP4
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Abstract
Description
(1)Oxygen-dependent Degradation Domain(ODD)とウイルスの増殖に必須のタンパク質との融合タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(2)増殖に必須のタンパク質がヘルペスウイルスのICP4、γ34.5、アデノウイルスのE1A、E1B、レトロウイルス LTRのRおよびU5からなる群より選択されるものである、(1)のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(3)増殖に必須のタンパク質がICP4である、(2)記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(4)リボヌクレオチド還元酵素(RR)が欠損している、(1)から(3)のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(5)(a)(1)から(4)のいずれか記載のウイルスを細胞に感染させ、
(b)該細胞を低酸素状態で培養し、次に、
(c)増殖したウイルスを回収する、
を含む、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクターの製造方法、
(6)(5)記載の方法により得ることのできるウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(7)d12.ODDΔRR株である、(6)記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、
(8)(1)から(4)のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または(6)または(7)記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターを含む、細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための医薬組成物、
(9)疾患ががん、肺線維症、肺高血圧症、虚血性心または脳疾患における血管狭窄症からなる群より選択されるものである、(8)記載の医薬組成物、
(10)疾患ががんである、(9)記載の医薬組成物、
(11)がんに存在するがん幹細胞を標的とするものである、(10)記載の医薬組成物、
(12)低酸素状態が酸素分圧:10mmHg以下の状態である、(8)から(11)のいずれか記載の医薬組成物、
(13)対象における細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための方法であって、(1)から(4)のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または(6)または(7)記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターを対象に投与することを特徴とする方法、
(14)対象における細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための医薬の製造のための、(1)から(4)のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または(6)または(7)記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターの使用、
(15)ODDとウイルスの増殖に必須のタンパク質との融合タンパク質、
(16)(15)記載のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(1)上記本発明のウイルスを細胞に感染させ、
(2)該細胞を低酸素状態で培養し、次に、
(3)増殖したウイルスを回収する、
を含む、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクターの製造方法に関するものである。本発明のウイルス遺伝子の細胞への導入は、ウイルスの通常の感染により行われる。ウイルスを感染させる細胞は、細胞内でウイルスが複製され得るものであればいずれのものでもよい。
HSV-1の複製開始に必須の転写因子であるICP4のアミノ末端に、正常酸素分圧において蛋白分解の目印となるアミノ酸配列であるHIF1αのODD(oxygen-dependent degradation domain)内のユビキチン・プロテアソーム認識部位である564番目のプロリン残基を含む57個のポリペプチドを付加した。さらにそのアミノ末端に23個のアミノ酸からなる核内移行シグナルを付加した。
AZP7a細胞に、正常酸素分圧(O2 20%)と低酸素分圧(O2 1%)の条件で、感染多重度(MOI)が0.1となるようにd12.ODDΔRR又はウイルスバッファーのみをそれぞれ感染させ、48時間培養したのち回収した。同量のタンパク質をSDS-PAGEゲル電気泳動にかけ、ニトロセルロース膜(Bio-Rad社製)に移した。5%のスキムミルク(DIFCO Laboratories社製)を用いて、膜を室温で2時間ブロッキングし、その後、抗ICP4抗体(Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research社製;希釈率1:500)を用いて、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。ICP4蛋白は低酸素分圧(O2 1%)の条件でより多く発現していた(図5)。ウイルスバッファーのみをAZP7aに添加してもICP4の発現は認められなかった。
24ウエルの培養プレートに5×104個/ウエルのVero細胞株を培養し、d12.ODDΔRRウイルスをMOI 0.01で感染させた後、1% FBS/DMEMにガンシクロビル(和光純薬社製)を種々の濃度(0-1μg/ml)に添加して26時間培養した。10%ホルマリンPBSで細胞を固定した後、X-Gal染色しプラーク数を計測した。d12.ODDΔRRは正常酸素分圧(O2 20%)と低酸素分圧(O2 1%)いずれの条件でも、ガンシクロビルの添加により濃度依存性に増殖が抑制された。結果を図6に示す。
AZP7a細胞を、6週齢の雌の重症複合型免疫不全マウス(SCIDマウス)(日本クレア社製)の腹腔内に注射し、MSTOヒト悪性中皮腫細胞(ATCC,CRL-2081)ヒト平滑筋肉腫初代培養細胞、MCF7ヒト乳がん細胞(ATCC,HTB-22)を、体側部に皮下注射して、腫瘍を定着させた。MSTOには、ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子pGL4.13(Promega社)をトランスフェクションし、最も化学発光強度と増殖速度が高いクローンを選別した。クローン化した細胞中、SCIDマウス背部皮下に定着したものから、中皮腫の4-5mm角の腫瘍塊を、6週齢の雌のSCIDマウスの背部皮下に移植した。これらの腫瘍は、SCIDマウスに移植後30日で直径6から7mm程度(50-70mm3)に成長した。1×107pfuのd12.ODDΔRRを含む50μl(腫瘍容積100mm3あたり)のウイルス懸濁液、あるいは同量のウイルス緩衝液を、30ゲージの針を用いて腹腔内または腫瘍内に注入した。以後全く同じ処理を繰り返した。注入後所定の時間に腫瘍径を測定し、以下の式
(腫瘍容積)=0.53×(長さ)×(幅)2
を用いて腫瘍容積を計算した。MSTOの場合は、腹腔内にルシフェリン(Sigma Chemicals社製)を注入し、リアルタイムインビボイメージングシステム(Berthold社製)を用いて、背部皮下の腫瘍細胞からの化学発光の強度を高感度CCDカメラで計測した。背部皮下に移植したヒト悪性中皮種、平滑筋肉腫、乳がん細胞への直接注入により、いずれの腫瘍に対してもd12.ODDΔRRは顕著な抗腫瘍効果を示した。ヒト胃がん細胞の免疫組織化学の結果を図7に、ヒト悪性中皮種と平滑筋肉腫の治療結果を図8と9に示す。ウイルスバッファーのみを注入した対照群に比してd12.ODDΔRRを矢印で示した所定の日に計7回注入した治療群の抗腫瘍効果は明らかであった(図8)。また、d12.ODDΔRRで治療した腫瘍では残存腫瘍細胞が認められなかったのに対して、d12.CALPΔRRで治療した腫瘍では残存腫瘍細胞が認められた(図9)。
SEQ ID NO:2: ODD
SEQ ID NO:3: NLS-ODD
SEQ ID NO:4: Kozak-NLS-ODD
SEQ ID NO:5: ODD-ICP4 fusion protein
SEQ ID NO:6: Kozak-NLS-ODD-ICP4
Claims (16)
- Oxygen-dependent Degradation Domain(ODD)とウイルスの増殖に必須のタンパク質との融合タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- 増殖に必須のタンパク質がヘルペスウイルスのICP4、γ34.5、アデノウイルスのE1A、E1B、レトロウイルス LTRのRおよびU5からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項1記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- 増殖に必須のタンパク質がICP4である、請求項2記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- リボヌクレオチド還元酵素(RR)が欠損している、請求項1から3のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- (a)請求項1から4のいずれか記載のウイルスを細胞に感染させ、
(b)該細胞を低酸素状態で培養し、次に、
(c)増殖したウイルスを回収する、
を含む、ウイルスまたはウイルスベクターの製造方法。 - 請求項5記載の方法により得ることのできるウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- d12.ODDΔRR株である、請求項6記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または請求項6または7記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターを含む、細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための医薬組成物。
- 疾患ががん、肺線維症、肺高血圧症、虚血性心または脳疾患における血管狭窄症からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項8記載の医薬組成物。
- 疾患ががんである、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- がんに存在するがん幹細胞を標的とするものである、請求項10記載の医薬組成物。
- 低酸素状態が酸素分圧:10mmHg以下の状態である、請求項8から11のいずれか記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象における細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための方法であって、請求項1から4のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または請求項6または7記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターを対象に投与することを特徴とする方法。
- 対象における細胞が低酸素状態で複製能力をもつことを特徴とする疾患を治療または予防するための医薬の製造のための、請求項1から4のいずれか記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクター、または請求項6または7記載のウイルスまたはウイルスベクターの使用。
- ODDとウイルスの増殖に必須のタンパク質との融合タンパク質。
- 請求項15記載のタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
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JP2002335965A (ja) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-11-26 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 細胞特異的発現複製ベクター |
AU2002304163C1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2009-01-08 | Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. | Polypeptide unstabilizing protein in cells under aerobic conditions and DNA encoding the same |
WO2003083105A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Medicalseed Co., Ltd. | Traitement et prevention de l'angiostenose |
EP1654366A1 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2006-05-10 | University Of South Florida | Stem cell beacon |
DE602006016577D1 (de) * | 2005-03-11 | 2010-10-14 | Nano Factory Co Ltd | Tiermodell mit in echtzeit beobachtbarem krankheitszustand, genkonstrukt zur herstellung davon und verwendung davon |
US20100203024A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2010-08-12 | Terman David S | Sickled Erythrocytes, Nucleated Precursors & Erythroleukemia Cells for Targeted Delivery of Oncolytic Viruses, Anti-tumor Proteins, Plasmids, Toxins, Hemolysins & Chemotherapy |
LT3146982T (lt) * | 2006-10-03 | 2019-11-11 | Genzyme Corp | Amiotrofinės lateralinės sklerozės ir kitų nugaros smegenų sutrikimų genų terapija |
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JP2006205006A (ja) | 2005-01-26 | 2006-08-10 | Ichimura Fukuyo | 排気ガス浄化用触媒物質及び当該物質を固着したことによる排気ガス浄化装置 |
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Also Published As
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EP2239325A4 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
US20120213742A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
JP5186693B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
US20110286972A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
EP2239325A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
JPWO2009090933A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
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