WO2009074076A1 - Molécule complexe interférant avec l'expression de gènes cibles, et ses méthodes de préparation - Google Patents

Molécule complexe interférant avec l'expression de gènes cibles, et ses méthodes de préparation Download PDF

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WO2009074076A1
WO2009074076A1 PCT/CN2008/073241 CN2008073241W WO2009074076A1 WO 2009074076 A1 WO2009074076 A1 WO 2009074076A1 CN 2008073241 W CN2008073241 W CN 2008073241W WO 2009074076 A1 WO2009074076 A1 WO 2009074076A1
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molecule
group
independently
nucleic acid
formula
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PCT/CN2008/073241
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French (fr)
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Zhen Xi
Zicai Liang
Liqiang Cao
Junbin Zhang
Jinyu Huang
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Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co., Ltd
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Priority to US12/745,322 priority Critical patent/US20100317714A1/en
Priority to JP2010535200A priority patent/JP2011504730A/ja
Priority to EP08860108.3A priority patent/EP2233573B1/en
Priority to CN2008801161395A priority patent/CN101889087B/zh
Publication of WO2009074076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009074076A1/zh

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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/111General methods applicable to biologically active non-coding nucleic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/14Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/31Chemical structure of the backbone
    • C12N2310/318Chemical structure of the backbone where the PO2 is completely replaced, e.g. MMI or formacetal
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    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/50Physical structure
    • C12N2310/53Physical structure partially self-complementary or closed
    • C12N2310/532Closed or circular

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite molecule which interferes with the expression of a target gene and a preparation method thereof.
  • RNAi Interfering RNA
  • siRNA Interfering RNA
  • the main mechanism of action of siRNA is to inhibit the expression of target genes by homologous complementation of its antisense RNA with the mRNA of the target gene. Since siRNA can specifically inhibit the expression of target genes, it has broad application prospects in the field of medicine. However, the chemical stability of exogenous siRNA is poor, the blood retention time is short, and the cell and tissue permeability is poor. These aspects seriously hinder the application of exogenous siRNA to inhibit target gene expression.
  • siRNA The poor chemical stability of siRNA is not due to its degradation in the double-stranded form, but due to the hybridization-spin equilibrium in double-stranded single strands (also known as the "breathing" of double-stranded nucleic acids), its single-stranded form is RNase Degradation leads to rapid imbalance, resulting in rapid derotation of the double-stranded siRNA.
  • RNase Degradation leads to rapid imbalance, resulting in rapid derotation of the double-stranded siRNA.
  • many researchers have attempted to modify the siRNA to make its double strands difficult to unwind, thereby improving its stability and increasing its blood retention time.
  • existing modifications have been limited to improve the stability of siRNA.
  • WO 2004/015075 discloses "An interfering hairpin RNA having the structure X.sub.lLX.sub.2, where X.sub.l and X.sub.2 are nucleotide sequences having sufficient complementarity to one another to form a double -stranded stem hybrid and L is a loop region comprising a non-nucleotide linker molecule, at least a portion of one of the nucleotide sequences located within the double-stranded stem is complementary to a sequence of said target RNA", ie two One end of each of the siRNA strands is ligated with a non-nucleic acid molecule to form a hairpin structure siRNA, wherein the non-nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of "polyethers, polyamines, polyesters, polyphosphodiesters, alkylenes, attachments, bioconjugates, chromophores, reporter groups, dye labeled RNAs, and non -natural
  • the present invention provides a complex molecule interfering the expression of target genes, the complex molecule contains two siRNA least 80% complementary strand and X 2, 5 'end of X 3 2' Xj non-connecting end by a nucleic acid molecule, X 5 'end and the 3' end of L 2 are connected via a non-nucleic acid molecule.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of a composite molecule which interferes with expression of a target gene, wherein the method comprises preparing two modified siRNA strands of at least 80% complementary, and the 5' and 3' ends of the two modified siRNA strands are connectable a group; a linker group at the 5' end and the 3' end of one modified siRNA strand is linked to a 3' end and a 5' end linkable group of another modified siRNA strand, respectively.
  • the two siRNA strands of the composite molecule provided by the present invention and the 5' end and the 3' end of X 2 are linked by non-nucleic acid molecules, so that the siRNA strand is not easily decomposed and degraded, thereby greatly improving the chemical stability and blood of the siRNA. Allow time. After administration of the complex molecule, the locked siRNA in the complex molecule is released by the Dicer enzyme present in the cell, and the double-stranded siRNA melts to release the antisense single-stranded siRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of the target gene.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a composite molecule provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the results of pharmacokinetic determination of ziRNA prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 is an electrophoresis diagram showing the stability of the ziRNA prepared in Example 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an electropherogram showing the stability of a general siRNA. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a complex molecule interfering the expression of target gene containing at least 80% of the two complementary siRNA strand and X 5 2, X 1 and X 2 and the end of the 3 'end of the non-nucleic acid molecules through, X 2.
  • 5' end It is linked to the ⁇ 3' end by a non-nucleic acid molecule L 2 .
  • the 5′ end and the 3′ end are only used to refer to the direction of the nucleic acid strand, and are not limited to the 5′ position and the 3′ position.
  • the 3′ end connection may pass through the 3′ position hydroxyl group, It can pass through the 2' or the hydroxy group of the oxime.
  • the siRNA strands Xi and X 2 may be conventional siRNA strands having a function of interfering with the expression of a target gene, as long as the siRNA strand ⁇ ⁇ X 2 is at least 80% complementary, preferably the siRNA strand or X 2 has at least 90% of the base.
  • the base is complementary to the target gene, more preferably the siRNA strand or the entire X 2
  • the base is complementary to the target gene.
  • the siRNA strand 1 or 2 may be 19-50 bases, preferably 19-40 bases, more preferably 19-30 bases.
  • Non-nucleic acid linker molecule respectively 5 'end phosphate group or a hydroxyl group and a 3 X 2' end phosphate group or hydroxyl group covalently linked to non-nucleic acid linker molecule L 2 respectively X-5 'end phosphate group or hydroxyl group 2 and 3
  • the phosphate or hydroxyl group at the 'end is covalently linked.
  • the non-nucleic acid linking molecule and the non-nucleic acid linking molecule 1 2 may be various linking groups.
  • the non-nucleic acid linking molecule and the non-nucleic acid linking molecule L 2 are each independently a carboxyl group, an amino group or a thiol group.
  • One of an oligopeptide, a polyester, a polyether, an anthraquinone, an alkene, an alkyne, and a synthetic nucleic acid analog may be from 10 to 100.
  • non-nucleic acid linking molecule and the non-nucleic acid linking molecule L 2 are each independently as shown in Formula I, Formula II or Formula III:
  • the groups Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 1 () and R 12 are each independently a carboxyl group, an amino group or a fluorenyl group;
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently one (CH 2 ) n —;
  • R 6 , R 9 and R u are each independently in the following groups
  • n in each of the above groups may independently be an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 8; and m may be an integer of 1-5.
  • the non-nucleic acid linking molecule and/or L 2 may also be linked to one or more of a cell-targeting recognition molecule, a lipid molecule capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling molecule; a non-nucleic acid linking molecule and a non-nucleic acid At least one of the linking molecules L 2 is as shown in Formula I, and is
  • n is an integer of from 2 to 5, and one or more of the cell-targeting recognition molecule, a lipid molecule capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling molecule are linked to the azide N 3 - of R 5 .
  • the cell targets a recognition molecule, a lipid molecule that enhances cell permeability
  • the chemical structure of the fluorescently labeled molecule is Wherein R is one or more of a cell-targeting recognition group, a lipid group capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling group, said alkynyl group being linked to and/or 1 ⁇ .
  • the cell-targeting recognition group, a lipid group capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling group may be a conventional group having a corresponding function.
  • Examples of the composite molecule provided by the present invention include, but are not limited to, a composite molecule represented by the following formula (1), formula (11), formula (III) and formula (IV):
  • n may be an integer from 0 to 10. It should be noted that in the formula I, the formula II, the formula III and the formula IV, the chain consisting of N schematically represents the siRNA set according to the target gene or the complementary strand of the siRNA, and the number of N cannot be considered. Indicates the length of the siRNA.
  • the preparation method of the composite molecule for interfering with target gene expression comprises preparing two modified siRNA strands which are at least 80% complementary, and the 5' and 3' ends of the two modified siRNA strands have a linkable group; The 5' and 3' terminable linker groups of the siRNA strand are linked to the 3' and 5' terminable linking groups of the other modified siRNA strand, respectively.
  • the method of preparing the composite molecule comprising: fixing a3 and a3, respectively ,, on a3 from 3 'to 5' synthesis in X a3 'from the 3' to 5 'synthesis of X 2, Obtaining a3-Xi and a3'-X 2 ; introducing al and al' into the 5' end of a3-Xi and a3-X 2 , respectively, forming al-X -aS and al, -X 2 -a3; A2, respectively introducing al-X a3 and al, -X 2 -a3, forming a2-al-X a3 and a2, -ar-X 2 -a3,; then making a2-al-X r a3 and a2,- ar-X 2 -a3, annealed and a2 of a2-al-X a3 with a2, -al, -X 2 -a3, a3, linkage reaction and a2 and
  • Al and al' are each independently:
  • A2 and a2' are each independently:
  • A2-al and a2,-al are each independently:
  • A3 and a3 each independently of one of the following groups:
  • n in each of the above groups is independently an integer of 0 to 10, and m is an integer of 1-5.
  • the al, al ', a2, a2', a3, and a3' do not clearly distinguish between a molecular state and a group state, for example, the group state of a3 or a3' may be (CH) ⁇ , the corresponding molecular state before the reaction may be a commonly used reaction molecule containing the group, for example, a molecule to which a halogen is attached, for example
  • Al and al' are introduced to the 5' end of a3-Xi a3-X 2 via phospholipid linkages respectively, forming al-X a3 and al'-X 2 -a3O
  • A2 and a2' may be introduced into a- Xr a3 and a1, -X 2 -a3, respectively, according to the method described in the following reaction formula (1), to form a2-al-Xi-a3 and a2, -al, -X 2 -a3,:
  • A2-al-X r a3 and a2'-al'-X 2 -a3' can be retreated using conventional annealing methods and conditions. Fire.
  • the linking reaction refers to a polymerization reaction of an azide group with an alkynyl group, and an example of a polymerization reaction between an azide group and an alkynyl group is as shown in the reaction formula (2):
  • A2 and / or a2' are preferably
  • n is preferably an integer of from 2 to 5.
  • a2 of a2-al-X r a3 and a3' of a2'-al '-X 2 -a3, and a3 and a2'-al ' of a2-al-X r a3 occur.
  • -X 2 -a3 after the linking reaction of a2', an azide group remains on a2 and/or a2', and the remaining azide group can be attached to a functional molecule.
  • the functional molecule has a group capable of reacting with N 3 - to link a functional molecule to a non-nucleic acid linking molecule.
  • the cell targets a recognition molecule, a lipid molecule that enhances cell permeability or Fluorescence
  • R is one or more of a cell-targeting recognition group, a lipid group capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling group.
  • the cell-targeting recognition group, a lipid group capable of enhancing cell permeability, and a fluorescent labeling group may be a conventional group having a corresponding function.
  • the alkynyl group of the above functional molecule is capable of polymerizing with the remaining azide group on a2 and/or a2', thereby targeting the cell to a recognition group and a lipid which enhances cell permeability.
  • One or more of a class of a group and a fluorescent labeling group are introduced into the complex molecule.
  • the preparation method of the composite molecule comprises: fixing a 4 and a 4' respectively, synthesizing X from 3' to 5' on a4, and synthesizing X from 3' to 5' on a4' 2 , obtaining a4-Xi and a4'-X 2 ; introducing a5 and a5' into a4-X and a4, respectively, 5, the end of -X 2 to form a5-X a4 and a5'-X 2 -a4' ; A6 first undergoes a link reaction with one of the strands; after the two strands are annealed, a chain reaction is carried out with the other strand to form the composite molecule.
  • a4, a4, a5 and a5 are each independently one of the following groups:
  • n in each of the above groups is independently an integer of 0-10;
  • A6 is:
  • p is an integer from 2-12.
  • the fixing a4 and a4 ', on a4 from 3' to 5 'synthesis a4' from the 3 'to 5' synthesis of X 2, to give a4-X ⁇ P a4'-X 2 in the process can be used with the first The same method as in the preferred embodiment.
  • the two azide groups of a6 may each react with a linkable group (e.g., similar to reaction formula (2)), and the reaction is also referred to as a click reaction, and the conditions of the click reaction may be a conventional click reaction condition in the art.
  • a linkable group e.g., similar to reaction formula (2)
  • the conditions of the click reaction may be a conventional click reaction condition in the art.
  • A6 can be obtained by reacting a dihalogenated hydrocarbon (having 2 or more carbon atoms and two halogen atoms respectively on a carbon atom at both ends of the hydrocarbon chain) with sodium azide.
  • a dihalogenated hydrocarbon having 2 or more carbon atoms and two halogen atoms respectively on a carbon atom at both ends of the hydrocarbon chain.
  • the synthesis of the diazide compound is specifically described below by taking the synthesis of 1,2-diazide, 1,3-diazepine and 1,4-diazepine as an example.
  • the sources of some of the raw materials used in the examples are as follows:
  • Propargyl alcohol is commercially available from Fluka Corporation.
  • DMTr-Cl and natural nucleoside phosphoramidite protective monomers were purchased from Shanghai Jima Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • TLC is a self-made thin layer board, silica gel is GF254, chemically pure, and produced by Qingdao Ocean Chemical Plant. Fast column chromatography with silica gel, ZCX-H, coarse pores, 200-300 mesh, produced by Qingdao Marine Chemical Plant.
  • the solvent used for the synthesis such as pyridine, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, was purchased from Tianjin Reagent Six.
  • Example 1 The solvent used for the synthesis, such as pyridine, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, was purchased from Tianjin Reagent Six.
  • This example is used to prepare a composite molecule of the present invention that interferes with expression of a target gene.
  • the GAPDH (Genbank accession number NC-000012) was selected as the target gene, and siRNA was designed, which corresponds to the position of NC-000012 of 2700-2718 bp.
  • X 2 is an antisense strand and its sequence is:
  • RNA e containing the 5' terminal amino chain modification used in the reaction was synthesized by a synthesizer.
  • the amino chain component compound and the natural nucleoside HN phosphoramidite protecting monomer were purchased from Shanghai Jima Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the structural formula of the amino chain component compound is as follows:
  • the TFA protecting group on the amino group can be simultaneously removed during the abasic protection of ammonia.
  • RNA e was dissolved in 40 ul of 0.5 M sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.75), and then added to 12 ⁇ l of DMSO solution containing lOumol compound d, and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours.
  • the crude nucleic acid product was desalted on a NAP-10 gel column and purified by reverse phase HPLC. The NAP-10 gel column was desalted to give the final product f.
  • Reaction formula (6) 4. Perform a link reaction according to the following reaction formula (7):
  • This Example serves to illustrate the connection of fluorescence labeled t
  • the fluorescent labeling molecule was ligated according to the method shown in the following reaction formula (8).
  • the compound b is a modified product of the fluorescent dye dansyl chloride, and the emission wavelength is about 530 nm.
  • N N N NN represents an siRNA duplex
  • sequence of the sense strand is:
  • This example was used to determine the inhibition of the expression of the target gene by the ziRNAs obtained in Example 1 and Example 2.
  • HEK293 cells (derived from Peking University Institute of Molecular Medicine) were inoculated at a density of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/well in a six-well cell culture plate using MEM complete medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM L-glutamine. The culture was carried out in an incubator at a temperature of 37 ° C and a C0 2 content of 5%, and the fresh medium was passaged and replaced every 48 hours.
  • liposomes prepared in Examples and ziRNA obtained in Example 2 were transfected embodiment, without adding ziRNA as a negative control siRNA was added as a positive control.
  • the specific steps are as follows: The ziRNA is dissolved in sterile water without RNase to prepare a ziRNA solution with a concentration of 20 mol/L.
  • HEK293 cells were seeded into 24-well plates and diluted to a concentration of 8 x 105 cells/ml with OptiMEM I low serum medium (Invitrogen, 31985-062) at 500 ⁇ l per well.
  • 3 ⁇ 1 ziRNA solution (20 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ was diluted in 50 ⁇ 1 Opti-MEM I low serum medium (Invitrogen, 31985-062), and 1 ⁇ LipofectamineTM 2000 liposome was diluted in 50 ⁇ 1 Opti-MEM I In the low serum medium (Invitrogen, 31985-062), the above two solutions were then incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes and then mixed. After the mixed solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 minutes, the mixed solution was added to the cells inoculated with cells. In the 24-well plate. The final concentration of ziRNA is 100 ⁇ .
  • the cells were cultured at 37 ° C for 4 hours, and then 1 ml of MEM complete medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 g/ml streptomycin was added, and then at 37 ° C Cultivate for 24 hours.
  • siRNA sequence of sense strand 5' GUA UGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3'; the sequence of the antisense strand is: 5' CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3 ' ) is a positive control.
  • 1K Trizol (GIBCOL) is used to lyse HEK293 cells and control samples transfected with ziRNA, and total RNA is extracted.
  • the specific steps for extracting total RNA are as follows: The transfected cells are at 37 ° C and C0 2 The cells were cultured for 24 hours in a 5 % incubator, and then the cells were collected by centrifugation and washed once with pre-cooled 2 ml of PBS; the composition of the PBS was: NaCl 137 mmol/L, KC1 2.7 mmol/L, Na 2 HP0 4 4.3 mmol /L, KH 2 P0 4 1.4mmol / L; Add 1ml Trizol per well, let stand for 5 minutes at room temperature, the cells are lysed; transfer the lysate to 1.5ml EP tube; add 200 ⁇ 1 chloroform, shake vigorously for 15 seconds by hand, room temperature Place for 3 minutes; centrifuge at 14000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4 ° C
  • RNA-free Two units of DNase I (RNase-free) (TakaRa) were added to the above-mentioned RNA-dissolved DEPC water, and allowed to stand at 37 ° C for 30 minutes to remove residual DNA in the total RNA. After treatment with DNase I, total RNA was purified using Invitrogen's PureLink Micro-to-Midi Total RNA Purification Kit. The specific steps for purification are: in total RNA Add 20 ⁇ l of 70% ethanol, mix well by shaking, transfer the mixture to a purification column, centrifuge at room temperature 12000 rpm for 15 seconds, discard the filtrate, add 700 ⁇ l of Wash Buffer I (TakaRa), and centrifuge at room temperature 12000 rpm for 15 seconds.
  • the reverse transcription reaction is carried out on the total RNA obtained after purification.
  • the reverse transcriptase used is Promega's M-MLV reverse transcriptase.
  • the specific steps of the reverse transcription reaction are: the total RNA after purification of lug and 0.5 ug of Oligo dT was mixed in a test tube, the total volume was made up to 16.25 ⁇ 1 with DEPC water, and the tube was heated under heating conditions of 70 ° C for 5 minutes; then the tube was rapidly cooled to At 0 ° C, a buffer (5 x MLV buffer 5 ⁇ , 10 mM Dntp 1.25 1, RNasin 0.5 l, M-MLV 1 ⁇ 1) was added, and the mixture was incubated at 42 ° C for 1 hour to obtain cDNA.
  • the obtained cDNA was used as a template for the PCR reaction to carry out a Real-time PCR reaction.
  • the Real-time PCR reaction system is: ddH 2 0 17.5 ⁇ 1, 10mM Dntp 0.5 ⁇ 1, lO Taq buffer 2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1, Taq 0.5 1, F primer 0.5 ⁇ , R primer 0.5 1, Syber Green I 1 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 1; PCR
  • the reaction conditions were: 94 ° C for 2 minutes, 94 ° C for 15 seconds, and 60 ° C for 30 seconds for a total of 40 cycles.
  • ⁇ -actin was established as an internal reference, and the inhibition rate of ziRNA was calculated according to the following formula.
  • Inhibition rate of ziRNA [1- (copy number of GAPDH gene after ziRNA transfection / copy number of ⁇ -actin after ziRNA transfection) / (copy number of control GAPDH gene / copy number of control hole ⁇ -actin)] xl00 %.
  • the inhibition rate of siRNA against GAPDH was 91%; the ziRNA prepared in Example 1 and the ziRNA prepared in Example 2 inhibited GAPDH by 92% and 89%, respectively.
  • the ziRNA provided by the present invention can efficiently inhibit the expression of the GAPDH gene.
  • This example was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of ziRNA prepared in Example 1.
  • the ziRNA and the common siRNA prepared in Example 1 (the sequence of the sense strand U: 5' GUAUGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3'; the sequence of the antisense strand is: 5' CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3, ) respectively passed 32
  • the P-terminal labeling method was used for labeling, and the specific activity was 2uCi/ug.
  • the animals used in the experiment were 60 Kunming mice, weighing 20-25 mg, male or female, and the animals were given the above-mentioned radiolabeled ziRNA or common siRNA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight.
  • the ziRNA prepared in Example 1 and 10% serum were incubated for 1 min, 30 min, 1.5 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively, and then subjected to 20% PAGE electrophoresis to observe the stability of ziRNA in serum.
  • the results are shown in Figure 3. Show.
  • the meanings of the numbers in Figure 3 are: 1 : ziRNA; 2: single-stranded RNA; 3: lmin; 4; 30 min ; 5: 1.5 h; 6: 3 h; 7: 6 h; 8: 12 h; 9: 24 h; : RNA.
  • This example is used to prepare a composite molecule of the present invention that interferes with expression of a target gene.
  • the composite molecule was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the procedure for preparing the acetylene chain-containing nucleoside in the second step was as follows:

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一种干扰靶基因表达的复合分子及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种干扰靶基因表达的复合分子及其制备方法。 背景技术
干扰 RNA (RNAi, 或 siRNA) 是近年来发现的一种抑制基因表达的小 RNA。 siRNA的主要作用机制是通过其反义 RNA与靶基因的 mRNA发生同 源互补而抑制靶基因的表达。由于 siRNA能够特异地抑制靶基因的表达, 所 以它在医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。但是外源 siRNA的化学稳定性差,血 液容留时间短, 细胞和组织通透性 (penetration) 差, 这几方面严重阻碍了 外源 siRNA抑制靶基因表达的应用。
siRNA的化学稳定性差不是由于其在双链形式下被降解,而是由于在双 链一单链的杂交一解旋平衡中 (亦称双链核酸的"呼吸 "), 其单链形式被 RNase降解而导致快速失衡,造成双链 siRNA快速解旋降解。根据以上原理, 许多研究人员力图通过对 siRNA进行修饰而使其双链不易解旋,进而改善其 稳定性并提高其血液容留时间。但是, 已有的修饰对 siRNA稳定性的改善还 十分有限。 例如 WO 2004/015075公开了 "An interfering hairpin RNA having the structure X.sub.l-L-X.sub.2, wherein X.sub. l and X.sub.2 are nucleotide sequences having sufficient complementarity to one another to form a double-stranded stem hybrid and L is a loop region comprising a non-nucleotide linker molecule, wherein at least a portion of one of the nucleotide sequences located within the double- stranded stem is complementary to a sequence of said target RNA", 即两条 siRNA链各自的一端用非核酸分子连接形成发卡结构 的 siRNA , 其中所述非核酸分子选自" polyethers, polyamines, polyesters, polyphosphodiesters, alkylenes, attachments, bioconjugates, chromophores, reporter groups, dye labeled RNAs, and non-naturally occurring nucleotide analogues or combinations thereof ,但是所述发卡结构的稳定性和血液容留时 间仍不理想。而且该发卡结构不易引入功能性分子(例如细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子或者荧光标记分子)。 发明内容 本发明的目的是为了克服现有的 siRNA 的化学稳定性差, 血液容留时 间短的缺陷, 提供了一种干扰靶基因表达的复合分子即联核酸 (zipped Interfering RNA, ziRNA ) 及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种干扰靶基因表达的复合分子,该复合分子含有两条至 少 80 %互补的 siRNA链 和 X2, Xj的 5'端与 X2的 3 '端通过非核酸分子 连接, X2的 5'端与 的 3 '端通过非核酸分子 L2连接。
本发明还提供了干扰靶基因表达的复合分子的制备方法,其中, 该方法 包括制备两条至少 80 %互补的修饰 siRNA链, 两条修饰 siRNA链的 5'端和 3 '端均具有可连接基团;将一条修饰 siRNA链的 5'端和 3 '端的可连接基团分 别与另一条修饰 siRNA链的 3 '端和 5'端可连接基团连接。
本发明提供的复合分子的两条 siRNA链 和 X2的 5 '端和 3 '端都通过 非核酸分子连接, 因此 siRNA链不容易解旋降解,从而大大地改善了 siRNA 的化学稳定性和血液容留时间。 所述复合分子施用后, 在细胞内, 利用细胞 内存在的 Dicer酶释放复合分子中被锁定的 siRNA,双链 siRNA解链释放出 反义单链 siRNA , 从而对靶基因的表达进行抑制。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的复合分子的示意图;
图 2为表示实施例 1制得的 ziRNA药代动力学测定结果的示意图;
图 3为表示实施例 1制得的 ziRNA的稳定性的电泳图;
图 4为表示普通的 siRNA的稳定性的电泳图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供的干扰靶基因表达的复合分子含有两条至少 80 %互补的 siRNA链 和 X2, X1的 5,端与 X2的 3 '端通过非核酸分子 连接, X2的 5' 端与 Χ^ 3 '端通过非核酸分子 L2连接。 需要说明的是, 所述 5'端和 3 '端只 是用于指代核酸链的方向,并不限定为 5'位和 3 '位,例如 3 '端的连接可以通 过 3 '位的羟基, 也可以通过 2'或 Γ位的羟基。
siRNA 链 Xi和 X2可以为常规的各种具有干扰靶基因表达的功能的 siRNA链, 只要 siRNA链 Χ^Ρ X2至少 80 %互补即可, 优选 siRNA链 或 X2至少有 90 %的碱基与所述靶基因互补, 更优选 siRNA链 或 X2的全 部碱基与所述靶基因互补。 siRNA链 12可以 19-50个碱基,优选 19-40 个碱基, 更优选 19-30个碱基。
非核酸连接分子 分别与 的 5'端的磷酸基或羟基和 X2的 3'端的磷 酸基或羟基共价连接, 非核酸连接分子 L2分别与 X2的 5'端的磷酸基或羟基 和 的 3'端的磷酸基或羟基共价连接。 所述非核酸连接分子 和非核酸连 接分子 1^2可以为各种连接基团, 优选情况下, 所述非核酸连接分子 和非 核酸连接分子 L2各自独立地为具有羧基、 氨基或巯基的寡肽、 聚酯、 聚醚、 垸烃、 烯烃、 炔烃和人工合成核酸类似物中的一种。 所述非核酸连接分子 或非核酸连接分子 L2的原子总数可以为 10-100个。
更优选的情况下, 所述非核酸连接分子 和非核酸连接分子 L2各自独 立地如式 I、 式 II或式 III所示:
R「
Figure imgf000005_0001
式 I
Figure imgf000005_0002
式 II
Figure imgf000005_0003
式 III
所述基团 Ri、 R2、 R3、 、 R1()和 R12各自独立地为羧基、氨基或巯基;
Figure imgf000005_0004
R7和 R8各自独立地为一 (CH2)n—;
R6、 R9和 Ru各自独立地为以下基团中的
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中, 上述各基团中的 n可以各自独立地为 0-10 的整数, 优选为 1-8 的整数; m可以为 1-5的整数。
所述非核酸连接分子 和 /或 L2还可以连接有细胞靶向识别分子、可增 强细胞通透性的脂类分子和荧光标记分子中的一种或几种; 非核酸连接分子 和非核酸连接分子 L2中的至少一个如式 I所示, 并且 为
Figure imgf000006_0002
m为 2-5的整数, 所述细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂 分子和荧光标记分子中的一种或几种与 R5的叠氮基 N3-连接。
优选情况下, 所述细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子 者荧光标记分子的化学结构式为
Figure imgf000007_0001
,其中 R为细胞 靶向识别基团、可增强细胞通透性的脂类基团和荧光标记基团中的一种或几 种, 所述炔基与 和/或1^连接。
所述炔基与 和 /或 L2的 R5的叠氮基
Figure imgf000007_0002
所述细胞靶向识别基团、可增强细胞通透性的脂类基团和荧光标记基团 可以为常规的具有相应功能的基团。
本发明提供的复合分子的实例包括但不限于如下式 (1)、 式 (11)、 式 (III) 和式 (IV)所示的复合分子:
Figure imgf000007_0003
式 I、 式 II、 式 III和式 IV中, n可以为 0-10的整数。 需要说明的是, 式 I、 式 II、 式 III和式 IV中, 由 N组成的链示意性地表示根据靶基因而设 定的 siRNA或者所述 siRNA的互补链,并不能认为 N的个数表示 siRNA的 长度。 本发明提供的干扰靶基因表达的复合分子的制备方法包括制备两条至 少 80%互补的修饰 siRNA链, 两条修饰 siRNA链的 5'端和 3'端均具有可连 接基团; 将一条修饰 siRNA链的 5'端和 3'端的可连接基团分别与另一条修 饰 siRNA链的 3'端和 5'端可连接基团连接。
按照第一种优选的实施方式, 所述复合分子的制备方法包括: 分别固定 a3和 a3,, 在 a3上从 3'向 5'合成 X 在 a3'上从 3'向 5'合成 X2, 得到 a3-Xi 和 a3'-X2; 将 al和 al'分别引入 a3-Xi和 a3-X2的 5'端, 形成 al-X -aS和 al,-X2-a3,; 将 a2和 a2,分别引入 al-X a3和 al,-X2-a3,, 形成 a2-al-X a3 和 a2,-ar-X2-a3,; 然后使 a2-al-Xra3 和 a2,-ar-X2-a3,进行退火并使 a2-al-X a3的 a2与 a2,-al,-X2-a3,的 a3,发生链接反应以及 a2-al-X1-a3的 a3 与 a2'-ar-X2-a3'的 a2'发生链接反应, 生成所述复合分子, 其中,
al和 al'各自独立地为:
Figure imgf000008_0001
a2和 a2'各自独立地为:
Figure imgf000008_0002
a2-al和 a2,-al,各自独立地为:
Figure imgf000008_0003
a3和 a3,各自独立地为以下基团中的一种:
Figure imgf000009_0001
其中, 上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数, m为 1-5的整数。 为了表述方便, 所述 al、 al '、 a2、 a2'、 a3和 a3'没有明确地区分分子 状态 和 基 团 状 态 , 例 如 a3 或 a3' 的 基 团 状 态 可 以 为
Figure imgf000009_0002
(CH ) ―,则其对应的反应前的分子状态可以为常用 的含有所述基团的反应分子, 例如为所述基团上连接了卤素的分子, 例如为
Figure imgf000009_0003
可以采用常规的合成核酸的方法将 a3和 a3' 固定, 然后在 a3上从 3'向 5'合成 在 a3'上从 3'向 5'合成 X2, 得到 a3-Xi和 a3'-X2。 例如, 可以参 考《生物化学》(第三版上册, 王镜岩等主编, 高等教育出版社)第 520-521 页介绍的固相合成法。 在合成过程中, 延伸至所需长度之后, 可以脱去碱基 等位点上的保护基团。 脱除保护基团的方法可以包括: 剩余氨水旋干。 以及
(2) 旋干的 R A样品中加入 lml 1M TBAF (氟化四丁基胺) 的四氢 呋喃溶液, 密封后 60°C摇床 24h。 加入 lmmol的三甲基异丙氧基硅垸猝灭 反应后, 再向剩余液中加入等体积 DEPC (焦碳酸二乙酯)处理 ddH20, 十 分之一混合体积的 3MNaO Ac buffer (pH = 7.0), 5倍体积无水乙醇沉淀。
al和 al'通过磷酯键分别引入到 a3-Xi a3-X2的 5,端, 形成 al-X a3 和 al'-X2-a3O
可以按照如下反应式 (1) 所述的方法, 将 a2和 a2'分别引入 al-Xra3 和 al,-X2-a3,, 形成 a2-al-Xi-a3禾卩 a2,-al,-X2-a3,:
Figure imgf000010_0001
反应式 (1)
可以采用常规的退火方法和条件使 a2-al-Xra3和 a2'-al'-X2-a3'进行退 火。
所述链接反应是指叠氮基与炔基发生的聚合反应,叠氮基与炔基之间的 聚合反应的实例如反应式 (2 ) 所示:
Figure imgf000011_0001
反应式 (2 )
需要说明的是, 反应式 (2 ) 中只是示意性地表示了 的一端与和 X: 的一端的连接情况, 另一端的连接情况与此类似。
a2和 /或 a2'优选为
Figure imgf000011_0002
, m优选为 2-5的整数。
根据该优选实施方式, 在 a2-al-Xra3的 a2与 a2'-al '-X2-a3,的 a3'发生 链接反应以及 a2-al-Xra3的 a3与 a2'-al '-X2-a3,的 a2'发生链接反应后, a2 和 /或 a2'上还剩余有叠氮基, 剩余的叠氮基可以连接上功能分子。 所述功能 性分子具有能与 N3 -反应而使功能性分子与非核酸连接分子连接的基团, 优 选情况下, 所述细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子或者荧光
标记分子的化学结构式为
Figure imgf000011_0003
,其中 R为细胞靶向识 别基团、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类基团和荧光标记基团中的一种或几种。 所 述细胞靶向识别基团、可增强细胞通透性的脂类基团和荧光标记基团可以为 常规的具有相应功能的基团。上述功能分子的炔基能够与 a2和 /或 a2'上的剩 余叠氮基发生聚合反应, 从而将细胞靶向识别基团、 可增强细胞通透性的脂 类基团和荧光标记基团中的一种或几种引入到复合分子中。
按照第二种优选的实施方式, 所述复合分子的制备方法包括: 分别固定 a4和 a4', 在 a4上从 3'向 5'合成 X 在 a4'上从 3'向 5'合成 X2, 得到 a4-Xi 和 a4'-X2; 将 a5和 a5'分别引入 a4-X和 a4,-X2的 5,端, 形成 a5-X a4和 a5'-X2-a4' ; 将 a6先与其中一条发生链接反应; 两条链退火之后, 再与另一 条链进行链接反应, 生成所述复合分子。
其中, a4、 a4,、 a5和 a5,各自独立地为以下基团中的一种:
Figure imgf000012_0001
\ 0, 0. 0 - n
O OH
/
其中, 上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数;
a6为:
N3-(CH2)P-N3
其中, p为 2-12的整数。
在第二种优选实施方式中,在固定 a4和 a4',在 a4上从 3 '向 5'合成 在 a4'上从 3 '向 5'合成 X2, 得到 a4-X^P a4'-X2的过程中, 可以使用与第一 种优选实施方式中相同的方法。
a6的两个叠氮基可以分别与可连接基团反应(如反应式(2 )类似), 该 反应还称作 Click反应, Click反应的条件可以为本领域常规的 Click反应条 件。
a6可以通过将二卤代烃(碳原子数为 2个或以上,且两个卤原子分别位 于烃链两端的碳原子上) 与叠氮化钠反应而制得。 下面以 1,2-二叠氮乙垸、 1,3-二叠氮丙垸和 1,4-二叠氮丁垸的合成为例, 具体说明双叠氮化合物的合 成:
( 1 ) 1,2-diazidoethane的合成
Figure imgf000013_0001
在 50ml烧瓶中, 加入 1.87g ( lmmol) 化合物 8, 和 2.6g (4mmol) 叠 氮化钠, 20mlDMF。 加热至 60C°, 反应 24h, TLC反应完全。 停止反应后, 加入 15ml水, 以二氯甲垸 (20mlx3 ) 萃取 3次; 合并有机相, 以饱和食盐 水洗涤。 旋除溶剂, 快速柱层析得到 1.02g黄色油状物, 即化合物 9。 产率 92%。 NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 3.41(4H, s, CH2x2)。
(2) 1,3-diazidopropane的合成
Figure imgf000013_0002
DMF 在 50ml烧瓶中, 加入 2.00g ( lmmol) 化合物 10, 和 2.6g (4mmol) 叠氮化钠, 20mlDMF。 加热至 60C°, 反应 24h, TLC反应完全。 停止反应 后, 加入 15ml水, 以二氯甲垸 (20mlx3 ) 萃取 3次; 合并有机相, 以饱和 食盐水洗涤。 旋除溶剂, 快速柱层析得到 1.08g黄色油状物, 即化合物 11。 产率 86% ¾ NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 3·44-3·40(4Η, t, CH2-N3x2), 1.87- 1.80(2H, quintet, CH2).
( 3) 1,4-diazidobutane的合成
Figure imgf000013_0003
在 50ml烧瓶中, 加入 2.13g ( lmmol) 化合物 12, 和 2.6g (4mmol) 叠氮化钠, 20mlDMF。 加热至 60C°, 反应 24h, TLC反应完全。 停止反应 后, 加入 15ml水, 以二氯甲垸 (20mlx3 ) 萃取 3次; 合并有机相, 以饱和 食盐水洗涤。 旋除溶剂, 快速柱层析得到 1.13g黄色油状物, 即化合物 13。 产率 81%。 ¾ NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 3.34(4H, s, CH2-N3x2), 1.69(4H, s, CH2x2).
下面通过实施例更详细地描述本发明。
实施例中所用的部分原料的来源如下:
2-脱氧 -D-核糖由上海海曲化工有限公司购得。
丙炔醇由 Fluka公司购得。
DMTr-Cl 以及天然核苷亚磷酰胺保护单体由上海吉玛制药技术有限公 司购得。
Universal CPG由北京赛百盛公司购得。
TLC为自制薄层板, 硅胶为 GF254, 化学纯, 青岛海洋化工厂生产。 快速柱层析用硅胶, ZCX— H, 粗孔, 200— 300目, 为青岛海洋化工厂 生产。
合成所用溶剂如吡啶, 石油醚, 乙酸乙酯由天津试剂六厂购得。 实施例 1
该实施例用于制备本发明的干扰靶基因表达的复合分子。
按照以下步骤制备干扰靶基因表达的复合分子:
一、 选择靶基因, 确定 X P X2的序列
选择 GAPDH (Genbank登记号为 NC— 000012 )为靶基因, 设计 siRNA, 其对应于 NC— 000012的位置为 2700-2718bp。
其中 为正义链, 其序列为:
5, GUA UGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3,;
X2为反义链, 其序列为:
5, CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3,。
二、 制备含炔链的核苷 (以碱基 U为例):
( 1 )按照如下反应式(3 )所示的方法,在 20ml微波反应瓶中加入 991mg 保护核苷 U (a, 1.5mmol), 15ml无水四氢呋喃溶解为无色澄清溶液。 再加 入炔链原料 b 714mg (3mmol), 1, 8 -二氮杂二环 (5, 4, 0) ^一烯 456mg (3mmol)。 微波加热 60°C下反应 1小时。 乙酸乙酯萃取, 合并有机相后饱 和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥。旋干后柱层析, 洗脱剂为石油醚 /乙酸乙酯 =2:1。 得到产物分别为白色固体粉末 c, 产率 28%, 淡黄色粘稠固体 d, 产 率 20%。
Figure imgf000015_0001
反应式 (3)
(2)按照如下反应式(4)所示的方法,在 25ml圆底烧瓶中加入 185mg 院基化原料 d (0.24mmol), 10ml无水四氢呋喃溶解为无色澄清溶液。 rt.l6°C 下加入四丁基氟化铵 204ul (0.20mmol, 1M 四氢呋喃溶液), rt.搅拌 2h后, 加入 10mlH2O猝灭反应, 旋蒸除去 THF, 乙酸乙酯萃取, 合并有机相后饱 和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥。旋干后柱层析, 洗脱剂为二氯甲院 /乙酸乙 酯 /甲醇 =1:1:0.04。 得到产物为淡黄色粘稠固体, 产率 95%。
Figure imgf000016_0001
反应式 (4)
(3 ) 按照如下反应式 (5 ) 所示的方法, 氮气保护下在 50ml两口瓶中 加入炔链原料 f 128mg ( leq, lmmol) , 加入 5ml无水二氯甲垸溶解后, rt. (23 °C ) 搅拌下滴加溶有 lOlmg二异丙基胺 (leq, lmmol) 和 70mg四唑 ( leq, lmmol) 的 5ml无水二氯甲垸溶液。 搅拌片刻后滴加溶有亚磷酰胺 g 362mg ( 1.2eq, 1.2 mmol) 的 5ml无水二氯甲垸溶液。 rt.反应 2h后 TLC跟 踪反应结束。加入饱和碳酸氢钠猝灭反应,分出有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤后, 有机相旋干 (该操作应尽快完成, 且有机相保持冰浴, 最后减压旋干时, 先 将烧瓶在空气中空旋至压力降为最低后再将瓶子放入水中)。 100-200目硅胶 柱层析得黄色油状物, 产率 90%。
Figure imgf000016_0002
反应式 (5 )
三、 按照如下反应式 (6) 进行如下反应:
(i)在 20ml二氯甲垸中加入化合物 a(0.46 g, 3.6 mmol)和 N-羟基琥珀酰 亚胺 c(0.49 g, 4.3 mmol), 室温下搅拌混合均匀。 再加入二环己基碳二亚胺 b(0.89 g, 4.3 mmol), 室温搅拌 4小时后, TLC检测反应充分。 加入 20ml饱 和食盐水猝灭反应, 分离有机相, 水洗, 无水硫酸钠干燥后, 减压旋干。 经 柱层析分离 (99: 1, 二氯甲垸:甲醇) 得无色油状产物 d (0.51g, 63%)。
分析结果: IR (thin film) v: 2091, 1780, 1731 cm"1, δΐί (300 MHz, CDC13) 3.37 (2H, t, J=6.6Hz, N3CH2), 2.77 (4H, m, COCH2CH2CO), 2.66 (2H, t, /) 7.0 Hz, COCH2-), 1.94 (2H, m, CH2); 5C (75 MHz, CDC13) 168.9 (CO), 167.9 (CO), 50.0 (N3CH2), 28.1 (COCH2-), 25.6 (COCH2CH2CO), 24.1 (CH2). mlz LRMS [ES+, MeCN] 249 (M + Na+, 100%). HRMS (M + Na+) (C8H10N4NaO4): calcd, 249.0594; found, 249.0590.
(ii) 反应使用的含有 5'末端氨基链修饰的 RNA e通过合成仪合成, 氨 基链组分化合物及天然核苷 HN亚磷酰胺保护单体均购自上海吉玛生物技术有 限公司。
氨基链组分化合物结构式如下:
Figure imgf000017_0001
氨基上 TFA保护基在氨水脱碱基保护的过程中可同时脱除。
操作步骤为: 将 10-50 nmol的修饰 RNA e溶于 40ul 0.5M碳酸钠 /碳酸 氢钠缓冲溶液 (pH 8.75) , 再加入溶有 lOumol化合物 d的 12ul DMSO溶液, 室温下孵育 4小时。将核酸产物粗品经 NAP- 10凝胶柱脱盐,再由反向 HPLC 纯化后, NAP-10凝胶柱脱盐, 得到最终产物 f。
(i)
O O CH CI
Figure imgf000017_0002
C
Figure imgf000017_0003
N3 ACGUACGU
反应式 (6 ) 四、 按照如下反应式 (7) 进行链接反应:
向 950ul 0.2M氯化钠缓冲溶液中依次加入 TBTA配体 1.38umoi>, 维生 素 C钠盐 P.O umol), 五水硫酸铜 (0.20 umoi:)。 混合均匀后, 再加入修饰单链 核酸 a(2.0 nmol), 修饰单链核酸 b(2.0 nmol), 反应混合物在室温下孵育 2小 时。 反应结束后, 先将粗产物经 NAP-10 凝胶柱脱盐后, 再由阴离子交换 HPLC纯化。 产物 c经 NAP-10凝胶柱脱盐后, 可通过 MALDI-TOF质谱仪 检测。
Figure imgf000018_0001
反应式 (7)
上述步骤中制得的部分化合物的结构式及其 ¾ NMR数据如表 1所示, 上述步骤中制得的部分化合物的结构式及其 31PNMR数据如表 2所示。 表 1
Figure imgf000019_0001
表 2
Figure imgf000020_0001
实施例 2
该实施例用于说明荧光标记分子的连接 t 按照如下反应式 (8)所示的方法连接荧光标记分子。 反应式 (8) 中化 合物 b为荧光染料丹黄酰氯的修饰后产物, 发射波长约为 530nm
向 950ul 0.2M氯化钠缓冲溶液中依次加入 TBTA配体 1.38umoi>, 维生 素 C钠盐 P.O umol), 五水硫酸铜 (0.20 umoi:)。 混合均匀后, 再加入修饰双链 核酸 a(2.0 nmol), 荧光染料分子 b(2.0 umol), 反应混合物在室温下孵育 2小 时。 反应结束后, 先将粗产物经 NAP-10 凝胶柱脱盐后, 再由阴离子交换 HPLC纯化。 产物 c经 NAP-10凝胶柱脱盐后, 可通过 MALDI-TOF质谱仪 或荧光检测。
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002
反应式 (8 )
反应式 (8) 中 TBTA的结构式如下式所;
Figure imgf000022_0001
反应式(8 )中, N N N NN表示 siRNA双链, 正义链的序列为:
5 ' GUA UGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3 '; 反义链的序列为: 5 ' CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3,。 实施例 3
该实施例用于测定实施例 1和实施例 2中制得的 ziRNA的抑制靶基因 表达效果的测定。
( 1 ) HEK293细胞 (人胚肾细胞系) 的培养
用含有 10%胎牛血清、 2mM L-谷胺酰胺的 MEM完全培养基, 在六孔 细胞培养板上以 5xl06个细胞 /孔的密度接种 HEK293细胞(源自北京大学分 子医学研究所) , 在温度为 37°C及 C02含量为 5 %的培养箱中进行培养, 每 48小时传代、 更换新鲜培养基。
(2) ziRNA的转染
使用 Invitrogen公司的 LipofectamineTM2000脂质体对实施例 1中制得的 ziRNA和实施例 2制得的 ziRNA分别进行转染, 以不添加 ziRNA作为阴性 对照,添加 siRNA为阳性对照。具体操作步骤如下:将 ziRNA溶解于无 RNA 酶的无菌水中, 配制成浓度为 20 mol/L的 ziRNA溶液。 将 HEK293细胞接 种至 24孔板中, 用 OptiMEM I低血清培养基(Invitrogen公司, 31985-062) 稀释成浓度为 8xl05个细胞 /ml , 每孔 500μ1。 分别将 3μ1 ziRNA 溶液 (20μηιο1/υ 稀释于 50μ1 Opti-MEM I 低血清培养基 (Invitrogen 公司, 31985-062 ) 中, 将 1 μΐ Lipofectamine™ 2000脂质体稀释于 50μ1 Opti-MEM I 低血清培养基 (Invitrogen公司, 31985-062 ) 中, 然后将上述两种溶液在室 温下孵育 5分钟后混合, 混合溶液于室温静置 20分钟后, 把 ΙΟΟμΙ该混合 溶液加到接种有细胞的所述 24孔板中。 ziRNA的最终浓度是 100 ηΜ。 细胞 37°C培养 4小时, 再加入 lml含 10%胎牛血清、 2mM L-谷胺酰胺、 100U/ml 青霉素、 lOO g/ml链霉素的 MEM完全培养基, 然后在 37°C下再培养 24小 时。
(3 ) Realtime法测定对靶基因表达效果的抑制
通过 Realtime-PCR分别检测转染了实施例 1中制得的 ziRNA和实施例 2制得的 ziRNA的 HEK293细胞 GAPDH基因 mRNA的表达量, 以未转染 ziRNA的 HEK293细胞作为阴性对照,以转染 siRNA (正义链的序歹 5' GUA UGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3'; 反义链的序列为: 5' CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3 ' ) 为阳性对照。
具体步骤为: 用 1ml Trizol(GIBCOL公司)裂解转染 ziRNA的 HEK293 细胞及对照样品, 并提取总 RNA, 提取总 RNA的具体步骤为: 将转染后的 细胞在温度为 37°C及 C02含量为 5 %的培养箱中培养 24小时, 然后离心收 集细胞,并用预冷的 2ml PBS洗一遍;所述 PBS的组成为: NaCl 137mmol/L, KC1 2.7mmol/L, Na2HP04 4.3mmol/L, KH2P04 1.4mmol/L; 每孔加入 1ml Trizol, 室温放置 5分钟, 细胞发生裂解; 将裂解物转移到 1.5ml EP管中; 加入 200μ1氯仿, 用手剧烈震荡 15秒, 室温放置 3分钟; 14000rpm 4°C离心 15分钟; 取液相上清约 500μ1放于一新的 EP管中, 加入 500μ1异丙醇, 室 温放置 10分钟; 12000 rpm, 4°C 离心 10分钟, 除去上清, 用 l ml浓度为 75%的乙醇将沉淀物洗一次; 7600 rpm, 4°C 离心 5分钟; 除去上清, 室温 干燥 RNA沉淀 10分钟; 加入 20μ1 ddH20溶解 RNA。
将 2单位的 DNase I (RNase-free)(TakaRa公司)加入至上述溶解有 RNA 的 DEPC水中,并在 37°C条件下静置 30分钟,以除去总 RNA中残留的 DNA。 经过 DNase I处理后, 采用 Invitrogen公司的 PureLink Micro-to-Midi Total RNA Purification Kit对总 RNA进行提纯, 提纯的具体步骤为: 在总 RNA中 加入 20μ1的浓度为 70%的乙醇, 振荡混合均匀, 将混合物转移至纯化柱上, 室温 12000rpm离心 15秒, 弃去过滤液, 加入 700μ1清洗缓冲液 I (TakaRa 公司), 室温 12000rpm离心 15秒, 弃去过滤液, 加入 500μ1清洗缓冲液 II (TakaRa公司), 室温 12000rpm离心 15秒, 弃去过滤液, 再加入 500μ1清 洗缓冲液 II (TakaRa公司), 室温 12000rpm离心 15秒, 弃过滤液, 室温 12000rpm离心 1分钟,将纯化柱转移至 RNA收集管上,加入 30μ1 DEPC水, 室温放置 1分钟,室温 13000rpm离心 2分钟,将 RNA样品置于 -80°C保存。
对提纯后得到的总 RNA进行逆转录反应, 在逆转录反应中, 所用的逆 转录酶为 Promega公司的 M-MLV逆转录酶, 逆转录反应的具体步骤为: 将 lug提纯后的总 RNA与 0.5ug的 Oligo dT在试管中进行混合, 用 DEPC水 将总体积补足至 16.25μ1, 将试管进行加热, 加热的条件包括加热温度为 70 °C,加热时间为 5分钟;然后将试管迅速冷却至 0°C,并加入缓冲液(5xMLV buffer 5 ΐ, lOmM Dntp 1.25 1, RNasin 0.5 l, M-MLV 1μ1), 在 42 °C条件下 孵育 1小时, 得到 cDNA。
将得到的 cDNA作为 PCR反应的模板, 进行 Real-time PCR反应。
Real-time PCR反应体系为: ddH20 17.5μ1, 10mM Dntp 0.5μ1, lO Taq buffer 2·5μ1, Taq 0.5 1, F primer 0.5 ΐ, R primer 0.5 1, Syber Green I 1μ1, οϋΝΑ 2 1; PCR反应的条件为: 94°C2分钟, 94°C 15秒, 60°C30秒, 共 40个循环。 同 时设立 β-actin作为内参, 根据下式计算 ziRNA的抑制率。
ziRNA的抑制率 = [1- (ziRNA转染后 GAPDH基因的拷贝数 /ziRNA转 染后的 β-actin拷贝数)/ (对照孔 GAPDH基因的拷贝数 /对照孔 β-actin拷贝 数)] xl00%。
据上式计算得结果: siRNA对 GAPDH的抑制率为 91%; 转染实施例 1 中制得的 ziRNA和实施例 2制得的 ziRNA后对 GAPDH的抑制效率分别达 到 92%和 89%。
从以上结果可以看出, 本发明提供的 ziRNA 能够高效的抑制 GAPDH 基因的表达。 实施例 4
该实施例用于测定实施例 1制得的 ziRNA药代动力学。
实施例 1制得的 ziRNA和普通 siRNA (正义链的序歹 U: 5' GUAUGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3'; 反义链的序列为: 5' CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3, )分别通过 32P末端标记方法进行标记,标记比活性 2uCi/ug, 实 验所用动物为 60只昆明鼠,体重 20-25mg, 雌雄不限, 动物按 10mg/kg体重 的剂量给与上述放射性标记的 ziRNA或普通 siRNA,在给药前、给药后 lmin、 10min、 30 min、 60min、 3h、 6h、 12 h、 24 h、 48h各取 3只动物, 眶静脉取 血, 分离血桨, 测定血桨中的放射性比活。 结果如图 2所示。 从图 2所示的 结果可以看出, ziRNA比普通 siRNA在血清中的容留时间长。 实施例 5
该实施例用于测定实施例 1制得的 ziRNA的稳定性。
将实施例 1制得的 ziRNA和 10%血清分别孵育 lmin、 30min、 1.5h、 3h、 6h、 12h、 24h后进行 20% PAGE电泳, 以观察 ziRNA在血清中的稳定性, 结果如图 3所示。 图 3中数字所代表的含义是, 1 : ziRNA; 2: 单链 RNA; 3: lmin; 4; 30min; 5: 1.5h; 6: 3h; 7: 6h; 8: 12h; 9: 24h; 10: RNA。
将普通 siRNA (正义链的序列: 5 ' GUA UGA CAA CAG CCU CAA GTT 3,; 反义链的序列为: 5, CUU GAG GCU GUUGUC AUA CTT 3' )和 10%血 清分别孵育 lmin、 30min、 1.5h、 3h、 6h、 12h、 24h后进行 20% PAGE电泳, 以观察普通 siRNA在血清中的稳定性,结果如图 4所示。图 4中数字所代表 的含义是, 1 : 普通 siRNA; 2: 单链 RNA; 3: lmin; 4; 30min; 5: 1.5h; 6: 3h; 7: 6h; 8: 12h; 9: 24h; 10: RNA。
将图 3和图 4进行比较,可以观察到双链 ziRNA在血清中比普通 siRNA 稳定。 ziRNA在血清中稳定存在超过 24小时, 而普通 siRNA在血清中孵育 30分钟就明显降解, 在 6小时基本观察不到双链 RNA的存在。 实施例 6
该实施例用于制备本发明的干扰靶基因表达的复合分子。
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备复合分子, 不同的是, 步骤二中制备含 炔链的核苷的过程如下:
( 1 ) 2,-Deoxy-l, a //?-propynyloxy-D-ribofurano se的合成
Figure imgf000026_0001
1 2
5.2g (4mmol) 的化合物 1置于 250ml烧瓶中, 加入 3.9g (7.3mmol)丙 炔醇, 冰浴, 搅拌下滴入 1.27g浓盐酸, 室温(20C° )搅拌 3h。 TLC检测反 应完全, 加入重蒸干燥吡啶 20ml, 旋蒸除去溶剂, 柱层析 (石油醚: 乙酸 乙酯: 甲醇 =1 : 1: 0.25 ) 得到白色固体 6.6g, 即化合物 2。 产率 75%。 ¾ NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 5.22(1H, m, HI'), 4.22-4.07(2H, m, OCH2), 3.91-3.86(2H, m, H4', H5'a), 3.65-3.43 (2H, m, H5'b, H3'), 2.45(1H, t, CH), 1.96-1.98(2H, m, H2') .ESI-MS[M+ Na]+, 195.0628.
(2 ) 2,-Deoxy-l, a //?-propynyloxy-3'-di-0-acetyl-D-ribofuranose的合成
Figure imgf000026_0002
1.72g ( lmmol) 化合物 2溶解于 10ml干燥吡啶, 和 3.06g (3mmol) 乙酸酐置于 100ml烧瓶中, 迅速升温至 150C。加热回流 5minTLC监测, 反 应完全。 将反应液倒入 10ml水中, 以二氯甲垸 (15mlx3 ) 萃取, 干燥。 旋 蒸除去溶剂后, 多次柱层析 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =5 : 1 ) 分离得到微黄色油 状物 0.86g, 即化合物 3, 和白色晶体 1.60g, 即化合物 4。 总产率 91%。 ¾ NMR,a-anomer: ¾ NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 5.09(1Η, t, HI'), 4.24-4.21(2H, m, H4', H3'), 3.88-3.76(4H, m, H5', OCH2), 2.45(1H, s, CH), 1.97-1.91(8H, m, COCH3x2, H2'a, b); -anomer: ¾ NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 5.23(1H, m, HI'), 4.32-4.16(3H, m, H4', H3', H5'a), 3.76-3.62(3H, m, H5'b, OCH2), 2.46(1H, m, CH), 2.23- 1.95(8H, m, COCH3 x2, H2'a, H2'b). ESI-MS[M+ Na]+, 279.0839.
( 3 ) 2'-Deoxy- 1 '/?-propynyloxy-D-ribofuranose的合成
Figure imgf000027_0001
500mg ( 1.95mmol ) 1置于 50ml烧瓶中, 加入 5ml甲醇搅拌溶解, 加入 NaOH ( 10% )甲醇溶液 4ml,室温搅拌 5min, TLC监测反应完全。加入 10ml 水, 旋蒸除去部分甲醇, 以乙酸乙酯(15mlx3 )萃取 3次, 干燥, 旋除溶剂, 以甲醇重结晶, 得到 320mg白色固体 5。 产率 92%。 NMR(400M, CDC13) δ ppm 5.23(1H, m, HI'), 4.30-4.23(2H, m, OCH2), 4.19(1H, m, H4'), 3.86(1H, m, H5'a), 3.65-3.61 (2H, m, H5'b, H3'), 2.47(1H, dt, CH), 2.17- 1.95(2H, m, H2'). ESI-MS[M+ Na]+, 195.0628.
(4 ) 2 ' -Deoxy- 1 ' 5-propynyloxy-5 '-O-dimethoxytrityl-D-ribofuranose的合 成
Figure imgf000027_0002
320mg ( 1.9mmol ) 化合物 5置于 50ml烧瓶中, 反复与 5ml干燥吡啶 旋蒸 3 次除去水分。 加入 5ml 干燥吡啶使其溶解, 加入 1.352g DMTr-CI (4mmol), 室温搅拌 0.5h, TLC监测反应完全。 加入 3ml无水甲醇继续搅 拌 5min。 将反应液倒入 30ml, 5%碳酸氢钠水溶液。 以二氯甲垸 (15mlx3 ) 萃取, 干燥。 旋蒸除去溶剂后, 柱层析 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =3 : 1 )。 得到 600mg白色絮状固体, 即化合物 6。产率 71%。 ^ NMR^OOM, CDC13) δ ppm 7.56-7.21(9H, m, Ar-H), 6.84(4H, m ,Ar-H), 5.23(1H, m, HI'), 4.34-4.11(3H: OCH2 ,H4'), 3.81(6H, s, OCH3x2), 3.63-3.51(3H, m, Η3Ή5'), 2.45(1H, m, CH): 2.36-2.06(2H, m, H2'). ESI-MS[M+ Na]+, 497.1935.
(5 ) 2'-Deoxy- 1 '/?-propynyloxy-3,-0- (2-Cyanoethyl N,N- Diisopropylphosphoramidite)-5'-0-dimethoxytrityl-D-ribofuranose的合成
Figure imgf000028_0001
6 7 在 50ml两口瓶中, 氮气保护下, 160mg (2.28mmol) 1-氢四唑和 760mg (5.56mmol) 亚磷酰胺试剂溶于 5ml重蒸二氯甲垸。 搅拌 5min后, 滴入溶 于 4ml重蒸二氯甲垸的 600mg ( 1.27mmol)化合物 6溶液, 氮气保护下室温 搅拌 10h, TCL 监测反应完全, 旋蒸除去溶剂后 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =5 : 1) 快速柱层析,得到白色絮状固体 620mg,即化合物 7,产率 82%。 NMR(400M: CDC13) δ ppm 7.56-7.21(9H, m, Ar-H), 6.84(4H, m, Ar-H), 5.36(1H, m, HI'), 4.37-4.23(4H, m, OCH2C, H4', POCH2a), 3.80(6H, s, OCH3x2), 3.63-3.51(3H, m: H3', H5'), 3.36-3.07(2H, m, CHx2), 2.65(1H, m, POCH2b), 2.56(1H, m, CCH), 2.37-2.06(2H, m, H2'), 1.23(12H, m, 4xCH3); 31P-NMR(162M, CDC13): δ ppm 148.3,147.4; 13C NMR(CDC13, 100MHz) δ ppm 158.52, 145.89, 136.92, 130.52, 128.56, 127.65, 126.73, 117.72, 112.99, 96.752, 86.37, 79.69, 77.41, 77.10, 76.78: 73.90, 71.16, 66.73, 63.89, 57.20, 55.22, 53.90, 43.35, 32.09, 24.74, 20.38. ESI-MS[M+ Na]+, 697.3013.

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种干扰靶基因表达的复合分子, 其特征在于, 该复合分子含有两 条至少 80 %互补的 siRNA链 和 X2, Xj的 5'端与 X2的 3'端通过非核酸分 子 连接, X2的 5,端与 的 3'端通过非核酸分子 L2连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的复合分子, 其中, 非核酸连接分子 分别与 Xi的 5'端的磷酸基或羟基和 X2的 3'端的磷酸基或羟基共价连接, 非核酸连 接分子 L2分别与 X2的 5'端的磷酸基或羟基和 Xi的 3'端的磷酸基或羟基共 价连接。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述非核酸连接分子 和 非核酸连接分子 L2各自独立地为具有羧基、 氨基或巯基的寡肽、 聚酯、 聚 醚、 垸烃、 烯烃、 炔烃、 人工合成核酸类似物中的一种。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3 中任意一项所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述非核酸
R「R:
Figure imgf000029_0001
— R2
式 I
Figure imgf000029_0002
式 II
Figure imgf000029_0003
式 III
所述基团 Ri、 R2、 R3、 、 R1()和 R12各自独立地为羧基、氨基或巯基;
Figure imgf000029_0004
Figure imgf000030_0001
R7和 R8各自独立地为一 (CH2)n—;
R6、 R9和 Ru各自独立地为以下基团中的
Figure imgf000030_0002
其中,上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数, m为 1-5的整数。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述非核酸连接分子 和 /或 L2连接有细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子和荧光标记 分子中的一种或几种。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述非核酸连接分子 和 非核酸连接分子 L2各自独立地各自独立地如式 I、 式 II或式 III所示, 并且 所述非核酸连接分子 和非核酸连接分子 L2中的至少一个如式 I所示:
R
Figure imgf000031_0001
式 I
Figure imgf000031_0002
式 II
Figure imgf000031_0003
式 III
所述基团 Ri、 R2、 R3、 、 R1Q和 R12各自独立地为羧基、氨基或巯基;
Figure imgf000031_0004
R7和 R8各自独 地为一 (CH2)n—;
R6、 R9和 R„为以下基团中的一禾中:
Figure imgf000031_0005
Figure imgf000032_0001
其中,上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数, m为 2-5的整数, 所述细胞靶向识别分子、可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子和荧光标记分子 中的一种或几种与 R5的叠氮基 N3-连接。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述细胞靶向识别分 子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子或者荧光标记分子的化学结构式为
Figure imgf000032_0002
, 其中 R为细胞靶向识别基团、 可增强细胞通透 f生的脂类基团和荧光标记基团中的一种或几种,所述炔基与 和/或1^2连接。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的复合分子, 其中, 所述炔基与 和/或 L2
R5的叠氮基
Figure imgf000032_0003
9、 一种制备权利要求 1 所述的干扰靶基因表达的复合分子的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括制备两条至少 80%互补的修饰 siRNA链, 两条修 饰 siRNA链的 5'端和 3'端均具有可连接基团; 将一条修饰 siRNA链的 5'端 和 3'端的可连接基团分别与另一条修饰 siRNA链的 3'端和 5'端可连接基团 连接。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其中, 该方法包括: 分别固定 a3和 a3',在 a3上从 3'向 5'合成 X,在 a3'上从 3'向 5'合成 X2,得到 a3-X^P a3'-X2; 将 al和 al,分别引入 a3-Xi和 a3'-X2的 5,端, 形成 al-X a3和 al,-X2-a3,; 将 a2 和 a2,分别引入 al-X a3 和 al,-X2-a3,, 形成 a2-al-X a3 和 a2,-al,-X2-a3,;然后使 a2-al-X1-a3和 a2,-al,-X2-a3,进行退火并使 a2-al-X1-a3 的 a2 与 a2,-al,-X2-a3,的 a3,发生链接反应以及 a2-al-X1-a3 的 a3 与 a2'-ar-X2-a3'的 a2'发生链接反应, 生成所述复合分子, 其中,
al和 al '各自独立地为:
o
0- -0-
Η,Ν
〇θ
a2和 a2'各自独立地为
Figure imgf000033_0001
a2-al和 a2,-al,各自独立地为
Figure imgf000033_0002
a3和 a3,各自独立地为以下基团中的一种:
Figure imgf000033_0003
Figure imgf000034_0001
其中, 上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数, m为 1-5的整数。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法, 其中, a2和 /或 a2'为
Figure imgf000034_0002
, m为 2-5的整数, n为 0-10的整数, 该方法还包括在 a2-al-Xl-a3的 a2与 a2'-al '-X2-a3,的 a3'发生链接反应 以及 a2-al-Xl-a3的 a3与 a2'-al '-X2-a3,的 a2'发生链接反应后, 在 a2和 /或 a2'上连接上细胞靶向识别分子、可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子和荧光标记分 子中的一种或几种, 细胞靶向识别分子、 可增强细胞通透性的脂类分子或荧 光标记分子与 a2和 /或 a2'的叠氮基 N3-连接。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中, 所述细胞靶向识别分子、 可 增强细胞通透性的脂类分子或者荧光标记分子的化学结构式为
Figure imgf000034_0003
, 其中 R为细胞靶向识别基团、 可增强细胞通透 的脂类基团和荧光标记基团中的一种或几种,所述炔基与 a2和 /或 a2,的 Ϊ
Figure imgf000035_0001
13、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其中, 该方法包括: 分别固定 a4和 a4,,在 a4上从 3,向 5,合成 ,在 a4,上从 3,向 5,合成 X2,得到 a4-X^P a4 -X2; 将 a5和 a5,分别引入 a4-Xj和 a4'-X2的 5,端, 形成 a5-X a4和 a5'-X2-a4' ; 将 a6先与其中一条发生链接反应; 两条链退火之后, 再与另一条链进行链 接反应, 生成所述复合分子,
其中, a4 a4 a5和 a5,各自独立地为以下基团中的一种:
Figure imgf000035_0002
其中, 上述各基团中的 n各自独立地为 0-10的整数;
a6为: N3-(CH2)P-N3
其中, p为 2-12的整数。
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