WO2009071223A1 - Matériau composite doté de propriétés lubrifiantes - Google Patents
Matériau composite doté de propriétés lubrifiantes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009071223A1 WO2009071223A1 PCT/EP2008/009987 EP2008009987W WO2009071223A1 WO 2009071223 A1 WO2009071223 A1 WO 2009071223A1 EP 2008009987 W EP2008009987 W EP 2008009987W WO 2009071223 A1 WO2009071223 A1 WO 2009071223A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- lubricating properties
- properties according
- composite material
- epoxy
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/046—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite having lubricating properties based on polymeric matrices and lubricants having an activated surface.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing these composite materials and their use for coating plain bearings, shafts, spherical bearings, press connections, spacer plates, bolts, sleeves, friction seals, self-adhesive insulation and films, seat rails, door closing mechanisms, steel fabric mats, ceramics or plastic, or as wear protection for fiber composites.
- Composites with lubricating properties or sliding properties are known in different embodiments. Typically, these composites consist of a polymeric matrix and one embedded therein
- Lubricant The lubricating properties should in the case of a coating of different support materials for their required lubricity or lubricity, especially in dry running, i. without additional liquid lubricant.
- DE 195 45 425 describes a two-layer slide bearing material which has a lubricant-containing plastic sliding layer.
- the polymeric matrix here comprises a polyamide which is mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and other additives in a proportion of 3 to 40% by volume.
- DE 42 17 319 discloses a sliding bearing in which the sliding layer consists of PTFE, which is embedded in a thermosetting epoxy resin;
- the sliding layer comprises, in addition to PTFE fibers, polyethersulfone fibers with a twisted structure, which are provided with an epoxy resin.
- U.S. U.S. Patent No. 5,325,732 also describes self-lubricating composites composed of a polymer such as an epoxy resin and a
- Lubricants such as PTFE may exist.
- a coating material for the production of Slide bearing elements which consists of an epoxy resin and a mixture of PTFE and a textile structure, is described in DE 26 54 644 Al.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,867,889 describes self-lubricating sliding bearings, the PTFE, and another fibrous material that can be bonded to a polymeric material, such as an epoxy, and further comprises at least 5% by weight carbon powder.
- Another object is that the composite is easy to apply and to work mechanically and thus the contact surfaces can be optimally adapted geometrically.
- the composite material has improved lubricating properties particularly under pressure (up to 100 MPa) or at low temperatures ( ⁇ - 40 0 C) or high temperatures (> 150 ° C). Yet another object is that the composite optimally compensates for geometrical mismatches and tolerance deviations of the contacting surface during operation.
- Another object is that the composite material is particularly suitable for the repair of wear points, especially on site, since no auxiliaries are needed.
- Another object is that the composite material is attenuation-reducing up to> 100 MPa under shock load.
- the composite material further additives such as
- This composite with lubricating properties can be applied in desired strength and concentration to surfaces of friction loaded components, particularly in aerospace applications. More preferably, this composite can be applied as a coating to rigid and flexible substrates or can be made and used as a freestanding component (e.g., a socket).
- the lubricating-type composite of the present invention comprises a polymeric matrix of a suitable polymer, preferably an epoxy resin, and a lubricant embedded therein, the lubricant having an activated surface.
- the composite of the present invention has a number of improved properties.
- the composite material according to the invention has excellent sliding properties, especially without additional liquid lubricant. These excellent sliding properties are also reflected in a prolonged durability, wherein the lubrication caused by the material remains constant with increasing wear of the sliding layer and thus the time to replacement or repair of corresponding coated components is extended.
- the composite of the present invention also has excellent properties under wear conditions such as reciprocation, which may be caused by, among other things, vibrations.
- This composite material is also high pressure resistant, resistant to high and low temperatures, wear-resistant and maintenance-free and also easy to repair and machine.
- the composite material has a resistance to water, corrosion, hydraulic
- the new composite material may also be applied to plain bearings, bolts, sleeves, door closing mechanisms, steel plates, self-adhering insulation, seat adjusters, cylinder-piston complexes, friction seals, gears, etc., or components to be coated thereof, optionally at a greater thickness which results in their weight being reduced at the same strength.
- the composite material can also be produced and provided as bulk material.
- the new composite material is preferably applied only to a component of the component that is in relative movement to another. Furthermore, the new composite material can be processed substantially without affecting the sliding properties, ie the Sliding properties are not adversely affected by mechanical processing substantially. This mechanical workability of the composite material allows individual adaptation to carrier materials coated with the sliding layer, so that any desired or required strength and / or any desired or required running clearance can be adjusted, for example, by subsequent processing.
- This composite material has a low coefficient of friction and is resistant to water, corrosion, hydraulic fluids such as Skydrol®, kerosene and antifreeze.
- polymeric matrix of the composite of the present invention those polymers can be used that will not melt, deform, or dissolve substantially under pressure or higher and lower temperatures encountered in industrial applications.
- the matrix can be selected according to its polymer properties to provide properties such as plasticity, flexibility, strength, elasticity, ductility, high or low density,
- organic polymers having thermoset properties and crosslinked structures are useful for the inventive matrix. These include phenolic or phenol-formaldehyde (PF) polymer resins, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, allyl esters such as diallyl phthalate (DAP) or diallyl isophthalate (DAIP), polyimide resins, polyamide resins and epoxy resins.
- PF phenolic or phenol-formaldehyde
- MF melamine-formaldehyde
- urea-formaldehyde resins allyl esters such as diallyl phthalate (DAP) or diallyl isophthalate (DAIP), polyimide resins, polyamide resins and epoxy resins.
- DAP diallyl phthalate
- DAIP diallyl isophthalate
- polyimide resins polyamide resins and epoxy resins.
- the polymeric matrix of the present composite is one of the widely used thermoset resins commonly used for such purposes.
- this matrix may comprise an epoxy resin, for example a polyether resin formed by the polymerization of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, which has a high resistance and low
- suitable epoxy resins are all epoxy resins which have the epoxide equivalent weights described below (determined according to ISO 3001), preferably two components are epoxy resin matrices with suitable hardeners.
- the epoxy matrix in one embodiment comprises at least one low molecular weight epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight (EEW) of up to 500 g / mol, preferably 100-400 g / mol, more preferably 100-300 g / mol, most preferred an epoxy resin with an EEW of 125-225 g / mol.
- the epoxy matrix comprises a mixture of corresponding epoxy resins.
- the epoxy resin may further optionally be modified with at least one reactive diluent. Preferred embodiments include bifunctional and trifunctional reactive diluents. Other embodiments do not include reactive diluents.
- the polymeric matrix preferably epoxy matrix
- Another embodiment of the present invention uses an epoxy resin having an EEW of 100-500 g / mol, preferably 125-300 g / mol, and most preferably 155-170 g / mol. Furthermore, this embodiment be modified with a trifunctional reactive diluent.
- a further embodiment uses an epoxy resin having an EEW of 100-450 g / mol, preferably 150-300 g / mol and very particularly preferably 185-200 g / mol. Furthermore, this embodiment may be modified with a bifunctional reactive diluent.
- Another embodiment uses an epoxy resin having an EEW of 100-400 g / mol, preferably 150-250 g / mol, and most preferably 180-195 g / mol. Furthermore, this embodiment is not modified with a reactive diluent.
- An embodiment of the present invention comprises CHS-EPOXY 619 from Spolchemie® (Czech Republic) as epoxide matrix.
- This epoxy resin is a low molecular weight epoxy resin modified with a trifunctional reactive diluent.
- CHS-EPOXY 531 from Spolchemie® (Czech Republic) can be used as the epoxide matrix.
- This epoxy matrix is a low molecular weight epoxy resin modified with a bifunctional reactive diluent.
- CHS-EPOXY 520 from Spolchemie® (Czech Republic) can be used as the epoxide matrix.
- This epoxy matrix is a low molecular weight epoxy resin which is not modified with a reactive diluent.
- the epoxy matrix comprises a hardener such as aliphatic amines, polyaminoamines, Mannich bases, etc., preferably hardeners based on polyalkyleneamines and epoxy resins.
- exemplary hardeners include TELALIT hardeners such as TELALIT 1203 or TELALIT 0600 from Spolchemie® (Czech Republic).
- Preferred embodiments include an epoxy resin and a hardener in a ratio of 100:20 to 100:80 (epoxy resin: hardener).
- epoxy resin: hardener In further Embodiments uses an epoxy resin and a hardener in a ratio of 100: 50 to 100: 60 (epoxy resin: hardener) or 100: 33 to 100: 40 (epoxy resin: hardener).
- the lubricants usable for the production of the composite material according to the invention comprise at least one substance selected from the group comprising polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene ( ETFE) or polytrifluorochloroethylene (E-CTFE), with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) being a preferred embodiment.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- FEP perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymers
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVF polyvinyl fluoride
- ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
- E-CTFE polytrifluorochloroethylene
- the lubricant is preferably powdery or fibrous.
- PTFE fibers and powders are commercially available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company or Toray Fluorofibers America under the trade name Teflon®.
- PTFE is available in various forms such as powder or fibers.
- Teflon flock fibers are available in various lengths of e.g. 0.1 to about 6.35 mm average length available.
- the lubricant should be added in an amount sufficient to achieve the desired lubricity of the coating.
- the amount of lubricant should be at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite.
- the lubricant should also be added in amounts such that segregation of the epoxy matrix and lubricant is avoided to obtain a uniform, substantially uniform viscosity of the material.
- this includes Lubricant less than 75% by weight, more preferably less than 60% by weight and most preferably less than 20% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the material.
- Certain embodiments therefore comprise from 3 to 75% by weight and more preferably from 5 to 20% by weight of the lubricant, each based on the total weight of the composite.
- the lubricants have an activated surface, whereby harder and stronger composite materials can be achieved.
- Composites also have improved stability and compatibility of the filler with the polymeric matrix, which can improve quality assurance. This can be accomplished by methods of etching the surface of the fluoropolymers such as PTFE, FEP, PFA, PVDF, ETFE, E-CTFE, etc. to achieve improved adhesion to other materials such as the polymeric matrix.
- U.S. Pat. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,744,857 describes an etching process in which fluoropolymer fibers such as polytetrafluoroethylene are etched by immersing the fibers in a sodium naphthalene etching solution. Another etching method using sodium in liquid ammonia is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Patent No. 2,789,063. Through these procedures, a
- Particular embodiments of the present invention include an epoxy resin and 5-60% by weight activated surface PTFE fibers, based on the total weight of the composite.
- other embodiments include an epoxy resin, 5-20% by weight lubricant, eg PTFE fibers with activated surface and 10 - 20% by weight of a filler, in each case based on the total weight of the composite material.
- Other embodiments optionally comprise a second filler at 10-20% by weight based on the total weight of the composite.
- Preferred fibers comprise a length of about 0.05-6.5 mm, more preferably fibers with a length of about 0.05-3.5 mm, most preferably fibers with a length of about 0.075-0.2 mm ,
- a polymeric matrix with the at least one lubricant having an activated surface and optionally other fillers are mixed. If desired, this mixture can be applied to a carrier material and cured to form the composite material.
- one of the matrix components e.g. an epoxy resin or a hardener with which at least one lubricant having an activated surface and optionally further fillers are mixed.
- this mixture is optionally mixed with the second matrix component. If desired, this mixture can be applied to a carrier material and cured to form the composite material.
- the composite material according to the invention with lubricating properties may comprise one or more fillers.
- the main task of the fillers in lubricating composites is usually to reduce abrasion in dynamic applications Contact with a mating partner. Since such composites typically have a higher coefficient of friction than PTFE alone, that is, without matrix, it may be desirable to add additional internal lubricant or other functional fillers.
- Suitable fillers are in principle all crosslinked or uncrosslinked, organic or organometallic polymers, inorganic compounds, salts or ceramic materials or organically modified ceramic materials or mixtures of these substances, preferably those which show no melting and / or decomposition during the post-processing of the moldings.
- the organic polymers and inorganic compounds are preferred. These may be natural or synthetic polymers and / or inorganic compounds.
- suitable inorganic compounds are metal oxides, metal carbides and metal sulfides, such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, preferably in powder form, graphite, carbon, bronze, steel powder, alumina, calcium fluoride, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, borax and mica or mixtures thereof.
- the sulfides are preferably used as fillers in the present invention in some embodiments.
- Suitable organic polymers include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamide (PA), polyphenylsulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyoxymethyl copolymer (POM), polyimide (PI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO 2 ), aromatic polyester and aramid, or mixtures thereof.
- PA polyamide
- PPS polyphenylsulfide
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- POM polyoxymethyl copolymer
- PI polyimide
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PAI polyamide-imide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PPSO 2 aromatic polyester and aramid, or mixtures thereof.
- the fillers of the composite material according to the invention having lubricating properties may in certain embodiments be present in an amount of 0-50% by weight, preferably 10-40% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the composite material according to the invention.
- the organic fillers have a particle size of ⁇ 200 .mu.m, preferably a particle size of ⁇ 150 .mu.m, more preferably a particle size of ⁇ 75 .mu.m.
- the inorganic fillers usable in the present invention may have a particle size of> 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably a particle size of> 0.25 ⁇ m, more preferably a particle size of> 0.4 ⁇ m.
- Epoxy resin, 5 to 20% by weight of surface-activated PTFE fibers and 10 to 20% by weight of PPS powder as filler In contrast, other embodiments include, in addition to an epoxy resin and 5-20% by weight activated surface PTFE fibers, 10-20% by weight PA powder or 10-20% by weight PTFE powder as filler. Other embodiments may include, in addition to an epoxy resin and 10-20% by weight activated surface PTFE fibers, again 10-20% by weight WS 2 powder. In some embodiments, the composites may include a second filler. For example, a composite comprising an epoxy resin, 5-20% by weight activated surface PTFE fibers, and as fillers 10-20% by weight WS 2 powder and 10-20% by weight PA powder or PPS powder.
- Weight% are each based on the total weight of the composite material.
- the composite material according to the invention can be used for coating molded parts made of metal, glass, temperature-resistant plastics or synthetic and natural mineral materials or composite materials thereof. They are therefore used for the coating of components subject to friction and wear inside and outside of furniture, doors, window frames, industrial components for private and industrial use, including containers and components for the production of transport devices of all kinds, including Motor vehicles and airplanes into consideration.
- Support materials include metal alloys, steel, aluminum and titanium alloys, polymeric materials, ceramics and glass.
- the metal substrate may be roughened prior to coating with the composite by chemical surface activation, eg, by phosphating or anodizing, or mechanically, eg, by sand or wet blasting or sanding to improve the adhesion of the composite.
- the composite coating having lubricating properties can be applied in any form that ensures that the composite coats the surface of the substrate in the desired manner.
- the coating may be applied to the surface by spraying or by a brush or roller, by molding or by casting.
- the carrier material to be coated is immersed in the composite material with lubricating properties.
- the curing of the composite material on the substrate to be coated can be carried out at room temperature or elevated temperatures, depending on the application, for a sufficient period of time, depending on the material, for example 20-36 h, for example 24 h, optionally followed by a heat treatment, for example at about 110. 190 ° C for 2 - 10 h.
- the curing of the composite on the substrate occurs at room temperature for a period of 24 hours, followed by a heat treatment at 120 ° C for 5 hours.
- the curing of the composite on the substrate may be at room temperature for a period of 24 hours, followed by heat treatment at 180 ° C. for 3-4 hours.
- the curing of the composite on the substrate may be at room temperature for a period of 24 hours, followed by heat treatment at 140 ° C for 4 hours. Subsequently, the material can be like machined as described above and brought to the desired strength.
- the coating may finally have a thickness of about 0.05-2.0 mm, more preferably 0.05-1.5 mm and most preferably a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm.
- the epoxy matrix CHS-EPOXY 619 (EEW 155-170 g / mol) is mixed with 10% by weight activated surface PTFE fibers and 10% by weight WS 2 powder and 10% by weight PPS powder as fillers, and evacuated the mixture to remove trapped air. Thereafter, the hardener TELALIT 1203 in a ratio of 100:60 (epoxy resin: hardener) is added to the mixture and the composite material is applied to a support material.
- the epoxy matrix CHS-EPOXY 619 (EEW 155-170 g / mol) is mixed with 10 wt% activated surface PTFE fibers and the mixture is evacuated to remove trapped air. Thereafter, the hardener TELALIT 1203 in a ratio of 100:60 (epoxy resin: hardener) is added to the mixture and the composite material is applied to a support material.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
- the following figures show some exemplary applications. It shows:
- Fig. 2. a fiber composite material with an inventive
- Fig. 3 is a bolt which is coated with a wear protection according to the invention.
- Fig. Ia and Ib the dimensions of a socket 10 are shown, which is used for example in the aircraft or helicopter.
- the bushing is coated on both the inside and on the front side of the flange 11 with a coating (liner) 1 according to the invention.
- the corresponding finished component is shown in Fig. 1 c.
- the embodiment according to FIG. Ib only the interior of the bushing 10 is provided with the liner 1; the finished component is shown in Fig. Id accordingly.
- Fig. 2 shows a fiber composite material (e.g., a CFRP component) 20 and its coating 1 shown in the right half of the figure for different thicknesses (0.3mm, 0.5mm and 1mm).
- the coating 1 is very easy to work and can be adapted to the particular application.
- FIG. 3 shows a bolt 30 with a bushing 31, wherein the bolt 30 is provided with a wear protection 1 according to the invention.
- the invention is of course not limited to the application examples described in connection with FIG.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne un matériau composite doté de propriétés lubrifiantes, à base de matrices polymères et de lubrifiants présentant une surface activée. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé pour fabriquer ces matériaux composites et les utiliser afin de recouvrir des paliers lisses, des arbres, des paliers articulés, des emmanchements, des tôles d'écartement, des boulons, des manchons, des joints de frottement, des isolants et des feuilles autocollants, des rails de siège, des mécanismes de fermeture pour portes, des treillis en acier, de la céramique ou de la matière plastique, et pour la protection contre l'usure de composants PRFC.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007058645.2 | 2007-12-04 | ||
DE102007058645.2A DE102007058645B4 (de) | 2007-12-04 | 2007-12-04 | Verbundwerkstoff mit schmierenden Eigenschaften, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009071223A1 true WO2009071223A1 (fr) | 2009-06-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2008/009987 WO2009071223A1 (fr) | 2007-12-04 | 2008-11-25 | Matériau composite doté de propriétés lubrifiantes |
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Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102007058645B4 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009071223A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111196074A (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种多尺度微纳米填料改性自润滑织物衬垫复合材料的制备方法 |
CN111819062A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-10-23 | 西得乐集团 | 用于热塑材料制的容器的模制单元的锁定指 |
CN111918760A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-11-10 | 西得乐集团 | 用于热塑材料制的容器的模制单元的锁定指 |
CN116814135A (zh) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-29 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种固体润滑涂料及其制备方法和应用 |
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IT1400654B1 (it) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-06-28 | Reglass H T S R L | Struttura comprendente materiale composito |
GB2569158B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-08-05 | Mahle Engine Systems Uk Ltd | Bearing material, bearing element and method |
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CN111819062A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-10-23 | 西得乐集团 | 用于热塑材料制的容器的模制单元的锁定指 |
CN111918760A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-11-10 | 西得乐集团 | 用于热塑材料制的容器的模制单元的锁定指 |
CN111196074A (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种多尺度微纳米填料改性自润滑织物衬垫复合材料的制备方法 |
CN116814135A (zh) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-29 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种固体润滑涂料及其制备方法和应用 |
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