WO2009056574A1 - Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee - Google Patents
Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009056574A1 WO2009056574A1 PCT/EP2008/064689 EP2008064689W WO2009056574A1 WO 2009056574 A1 WO2009056574 A1 WO 2009056574A1 EP 2008064689 W EP2008064689 W EP 2008064689W WO 2009056574 A1 WO2009056574 A1 WO 2009056574A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- chamber
- pressure
- piston
- reservoir
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
- A62C13/66—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with extinguishing material and pressure gas being stored in separate containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
- B65D83/60—Contents and propellant separated
- B65D83/64—Contents and propellant separated by piston
- B65D83/643—Contents and propellant separated by piston the propellant being generated by a chemical or electrochemical reaction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
- A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
- Y10T137/2937—Gas pressure discharge of liquids feed traps [e.g., to boiler]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid ejection device, in particular a fire extinguisher or an emergency hydraulic generator used in an aircraft.
- fire extinguisher extinguishers are classified into two broad categories.
- the first category concerns permanent pressure devices in which a gas ensures the permanent pressurization of the extinguishing agent within a single bottle serving as a reservoir; the extinguishing agent is released by a valve at the outlet of said bottle.
- a propellant is released only when the extinguisher is put into service and releases the extinguishing agent, which is therefore not stored under pressure.
- extinguishers currently used to extinguish an aircraft engine fire can be considered. These devices not only make it possible to extinguish the fire, but also prevent any extension of said fire.
- the extinguishing agent is contained in a bottle, most of the time spherical, pressurized by an inert gas; one or more distribution lines, connected to said bottle, allow the distribution of the agent to the areas to be protected. At the lower end of the bottle, a calibrated seal closes off each distribution pipe.
- a pressure sensor is also installed to continuously check the pressurization of the bottle. When a fire is detected, a pyrotechnic detonator is triggered.
- the resulting shock wave makes it possible to pierce the sealing cap, which causes the bottle to be emptied and the extinguishing agent to be evacuated under the effect of the pressure contained in the bottle towards the areas to be protected, via the pipes.
- a major disadvantage of this type of pressurized extinguishers is their sensitivity to micro-leaks, which subjects them to severe conditions of monitoring, verification and maintenance.
- the extinguishing agent does not completely fill the bottle since it must be able to contain the pressurizing gas.
- second category extinguishers For second category extinguishers, they use a separate pressurizing device. These fire-fighting devices are generally equipped with a first compressed gas tank and a second tank for the extinguishing agent. When the apparatus is used, the compressed gas contained in the first tank is communicated through an orifice with the second tank of extinguishing agent for pressurizing the bottle containing the agent. extinguisher. When the extinguishing agent is pressurized, it is ejected to fight the fire, as for appliances of the first category of fire extinguisher.
- the first compressed gas reservoir may be replaced by a gas generator, as described in EP1552859.
- This type of extinguisher may comprise a separation means, for example a membrane or a piston, placed in the tank so as to define a first chamber called a pressurization chamber, and a second chamber containing the extinguishing agent.
- the purpose of this separation means is to limit heat transfer between the gas generated and the extinguishing agent, as described in EP1819403 filed in the name of the applicant. Indeed, in the absence of thermal insulation, the extinguishing agent can quickly absorb the calories of the gas generated and thus reduce the ejection efficiency of the extinguishing agent.
- one solution may be to make the fire extinguisher particularly secure, for example with large wall thicknesses. This solution leads to an increase in the overall weight of the extinguisher, which is detrimental to the performance of the aircraft.
- Another solution may be to move the fire extinguisher sufficiently away from the areas in question. However, this distance requires the use of a greater length of distribution line between the fire extinguisher and said zones, which increases the linear pressure drop in the pipe and reduces the ejection efficiency. In addition, the large amount of driving required is also penalizing.
- a fluid ejection device for fire fighting usually comprises, as shown in Figure 1, a pressurized tank Al connected to a distribution circuit A4 for the supply of fluid to the extinction point A5.
- the reservoir is connected to the distribution circuit A4 via a valve A2 remotely controlled by any suitable device A6.
- the opening of the valve A2 causes the pressure tank A1 to be emptied into the distribution circuits A4 towards the extinction point A5.
- it is desirable that the tanks are located as close as possible to the extinction point so as to reduce the length of the distribution circuit and thus accelerate the transfer of the fluid to the extinction point by limiting the losses of charges.
- a first pressure vessel is emptied by opening its connection valve A2 and the valve is closed and the second pressure tank is emptied by opening its connection valve which is then closed at the end of draining and so on.
- the closure of each valve at the end of emptying is necessary in order to prevent the fluid ejected from a tank whose valve has been subsequently opened from filling the previously emptied tank (s) instead of heading towards the extinction point. .
- This device is more reliable because it does not include moving parts at the valve, which parts must be sealed and ensure operation, including the absence of seizure, over time. On the other hand, once the cap is pierced, it can no longer ensure the closure of the tank connection with the distribution circuit.
- valves A3 allow the fluid to pass only in one direction of flow (direction of arrow Figure 1). They thus prevent, during successive trips, valve openings for emptying other tanks connected to the same distribution circuit, that the fluid goes to fill the tanks previously emptied.
- at least (NI) A3 flaps must be installed on the circuit.
- valves create pressure losses on the circuit and must also be monitored regularly to ensure the ability to operate. Indeed, the dispensing circuit A4 being empty outside the operation of the device, that is to say for periods of up to years, such valves may be subject to seizures caused by condensation that may occur in such circuits, particularly when the device is installed in an aircraft in a non-pressurized zone and therefore undergoes variations in temperature and pressure over a wide range during each flight.
- the device for ejecting a fluid comprises a reservoir containing the fluid intended to be ejected, an end of said reservoir comprising controllable shut-off means, such as a valve, capable of the fluid in communication with the outside of the tank so as to cause its flow.
- controllable shut-off means such as a valve
- the fluid is thus stored under pressure in the reservoir.
- the reservoir is connected to a distribution circuit via the valve, the opening thereof causing the ejection of the fluid into the distribution circuit.
- the fluid is not stored under pressure in the tank.
- it is necessary to increase the pressure in the tank before opening the valve to put in communication with the distribution circuit.
- This effect is obtained either by putting the inside of the tank directly in communication with a fluid under pressure, for example with compressed air, or by compressing the fluid intended to be ejected via a separating element located at inside the tank.
- a separating element may be constituted by a membrane or a piston which separates the reservoir in a sealed manner into two chambers, one of them containing the fluid intended to be ejected.
- the volume of the reservoir being fixed, the pressurization of the fluid to be ejected and its ejection out of the reservoir are done by increasing the volume of the chamber not containing the fluid.
- Such volume variation is achieved by moving the separator element either by a purely mechanical device or by increasing the pressure in the chamber not containing the fluid to be ejected.
- This increase in pressure is obtained by injecting into said chamber, called a pressurization chamber, a fluid under pressure. Since both chambers of the tank are sealed by the separator element, any type of fluid can be used without risk of mixing with the fluid to be ejected.
- it may be compressed air or nitrogen.
- the fluid injected into the pressurization chamber is generated by a pyrotechnic gas generator, and, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the prior art, said pyrotechnic generator is located directly in the reservoir, inside the chamber. pressurization.
- controllable closure means of the chamber containing the fluid to be ejected may take the form of a cap which breaks for a given pressure of said fluid.
- a compact device is obtained, comprising all the means for triggering the ejection of the fluid.
- the separator element thermally isolates the pressurizing chamber of the fluid to be ejected.
- the fluid to be ejected is for example a liquid phase extinguishing agent.
- This type of fluid can have a very high heat capacity and the separator element prevents the pyrotechnic reaction generating the pressurization gas is slowed down by the absorption of heat by the extinguishing agent.
- the one using a substantially cylindrical reservoir separated into two chambers by a piston is the most efficient in terms of fluid ejection, that is to say that this mode embodiment maximizes the ratio between the volume of fluid actually discharged into the distribution circuit and the volume of fluid initially contained in the reservoir.
- the ejection sequence is carried out in five essential phases:
- the triggering of the gas generator causes the pressure in the pressurization chamber to increase and, correspondingly, via the piston, in the chamber containing the fluid;
- the lid of the chamber containing the fluid to be ejected breaks, placing said fluid in communication with the distribution circuit
- the separator element can then move and push the fluid into the distribution circuit
- Specific valve means then allow the flow of gas from the pressurizing chamber to the distribution circuit so as to purge said circuit.
- the pressure, both in the pressurization chamber and in the chamber containing the fluid to be ejected, is high at the beginning of trigger and goes through a maximum at the time of rupture of the lid. It then decreases to reach a value close to the atmospheric pressure at the end of the discharge.
- Such a device is for single use.
- this fluid can evaporate.
- the fluid thus evaporated is lost, decreasing by the same amount of fluid able to be ejected.
- the pressurizing chamber is leakproof vis-à-vis the outside, then the accumulation of this fluid in it reduces all the efficiency of the pyrotechnic reaction and therefore that of the ejection of the fluid.
- the pressurizing chamber is in communication with the outside, condensation phenomena can occur there.
- the water thus introduced into this room may, at the long, mix with the fluid to eject which it may degrade the characteristics of use.
- the invention proposes a device for ejecting a fluid comprising a reservoir of substantially cylindrical shape, a separator element dividing it into two chambers, sealing means between the separating element and the side walls of the reservoir, said separating element being able to slide in the reservoir along the longitudinal axis thereof so as to modify the relative volume of the chambers, a first chamber being filled with a fluid and being provided with an orifice closed by a cover so that said fluid can be ejected under pressure from the reservoir by said orifice under the effect of the translation of the element separator and the opening of the seal and means adapted to change the pressure in the chamber containing no fluid called pressurization chamber, to cause the translation of the separator element.
- said pressurizing chamber further comprises a sock capable of sealingly separating the inside of the pressurizing chamber from the side walls of the reservoir.
- the sock is able to seal between the pressurizing chamber and the walls of the cylinder in a constant manner between two longitudinal positions of the separating element. This makes it possible to maintain the seal during movements of the piston generated in particular by the thermal expansion of the fluid to be ejected, as well as during at least part of the first two phases of the discharge.
- said sock is made of a flexible material expandable diametrically.
- the pressure of the fluid to be ejected is no longer a function of the characteristic and the pressure drops of the distribution circuit.
- the efficiency of the device depends on the ability of the piston to slide quickly. It is therefore advantageous that during this phase the piston is not braked in its translation by the sock.
- the seal of the sock is broken beyond a defined longitudinal position of the separator element. This characteristic also makes it possible to put the distribution circuit in communication with the pressurizing gases in order to purge it during the fifth phase of the discharge.
- the continuity of the seal of the sock between the two defined longitudinal positions of the piston can be provided by the longitudinal elastic extension of said sock particularly if it is made of a flexible material.
- this longitudinal extension is facilitated when the sock comprises at least one fold able to unfold under the effect the translation of the separator element.
- This feature makes it possible to use for the formation of the sock a thicker material and therefore more resistant to pressure and, where appropriate, to temperature during the first two phases of the discharge.
- This embodiment is therefore particularly advantageous when the device comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator in communication with the pressurization chamber, the triggering of which causes the discharge.
- such a device comprises a device able to put the pressurization chamber in communication with the outside so as to maintain a constant pressure with respect to slow variations in volume and to close said chamber with respect to variations pressure and volume generated by the activation of the pyrotechnic gas generator.
- This feature keeps the ejection device without internal overpressure outside the operating phases, which improves its safety and reduces the weight and bulk. Indeed, not being subjected permanently to an internal pressure, the device can be built with less thick walls without degrading its reliability vis-à-vis the risk of bursting.
- the ejection device of a fluid comprises means able to put in communication the gases generated by the pyrotechnic reaction with the fluid distribution circuit at the end of ejection of the fluid.
- This makes it possible on the one hand to purge the circuit and thus to take advantage of all the quantity of the extinguishing agent and also to obtain a two-phase discharge: the first consisting in discharging a large quantity of extinguishing agent on the fire, the second consisting in blowing on the fire zone an aerosol consisting of the gas generated by the pyrotechnic reaction and extinguishing agent.
- the fact of injecting a pure agent into this first discharge phase thus makes it possible to obtain a maximum concentration of extinguishing agent, which is the criterion most often sought in the context of the certification of a fire extinguishing system. particularly for fire extinguishing applications in the aeronautical field.
- the ejection of the aerosol constituted by the pressurizing gas makes it possible on the one hand to usefully participate in the extinction phase by the very nature of the (inert) gas, and on the other hand to distribute the agent wherever it is needed in the fire zone to be treated.
- a device according to the invention may comprise means able to prevent any return of gas or fluid from the distribution circuit in the tank after complete discharge thereof. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the device and in particular to maximize the ratio between the fluid effectively dumped and the fluid initially contained in the reservoir, it also allows to couple in parallel on the same distribution circuit several reservoirs of this type to have a greater amount of fluid to be ejected. In this case, the different tanks are triggered sequentially without risk that the discharge of one of the tanks will fill another, already emptied, instead of pouring to the point.
- the fluid to be ejected is advantageously a quenching agent of the fluoroketone type.
- such a device can also be used as a last-resort hydraulic generator, in this case the ejected fluid is a hydraulic oil that can thus ensure the pressurization as a last resort of any hydraulic circuit.
- Such devices are more particularly adapted, because of their compactness, their reliability and their reduced weight and their low sensitivity to variations in pressure and temperature for use in aircraft.
- the invention also provides, according to another aspect of the invention, an ejection device for ejecting a fluid comprising: a reservoir comprising a cylindrical body sealed at its ends by first and second parts of end, said reservoir comprising said fluid, means for generating a gas under pressure,
- a rigid separation means movable in the axial direction of said reservoir, located between the first end portion and said fluid so as to form in a sealed manner a first chamber and a second chamber containing said fluid, and communication means for communicating the reservoir with said generating means so that the gas generated by said generating means can enter said first chamber of said reservoir, an ejection port located in the second end portion, a pressure control means being disposed in the first end portion, and adapted to adopt an open configuration in the absence of said gas generated under pressure in the tank so as to vent these first chamber to the outside environment regardless of the axial position of the separation means and a closed configuration in the presence of said gas nech under pressure in the tank so as to ensure the sealing of said first enclosure.
- the closure of the pressure control means is controlled by the pressure exerted by said gas generated under pressure in said first chamber.
- the pressure control means comprises a valve body of substantially tubular shape whose inner face comprises a valve seat, said body of valve comprising at least one communication conduit with the external environment of the reservoir, and a movable part in the axial direction of the valve body and having a head adapted to come into contact with said valve seat thus defining said closed position of the valve .
- the pressure control means further comprises a movable separating means in the axial direction of the valve body and arranged radially between the valve body and the movable part, said separating means being able to come opposite said conduit. communication of the valve body.
- the ejection device comprising distribution means connected to the ejection orifice, said communication conduit of said valve body is connected to said dispensing means.
- a spring means is disposed in said first chamber of said reservoir so as to exert a compressive force on said separation means in the axial direction of said reservoir, towards the second end portion, regardless of the position axial of the separating means.
- the ejection device for ejecting a fluid comprises: a reservoir comprising a cylindrical body sealed at its ends by a first and a second end portion, said reservoir comprising said fluid means for generating a gas under pressure, a rigid separation means, movable in the axial direction of said reservoir, located between the first end portion and said fluid so as to form in a sealed manner a first chamber and a second chamber containing said fluid, and communication means for communicating the reservoir with said generating means so that the gas generated by said generating means can enter said first chamber of said reservoir, an ejection orifice located in the second end portion, said ejection device comprising a spring means disposed in said first chamber of said reservoir so as to exert a compressive force on said separating means in the axial direction of said reservoir, in the direction of the second end portion, regardless of the axial position of the means of separation.
- the separating means is thermally insulating so as to reduce the heat exchange between said fluid and said generated gas.
- the separation means comprises a thermal insulation zone extending substantially in the radial direction of said separation means.
- the cylindrical body of said reservoir comprising an inner circumferential shoulder located close to said second end portion
- the separation means comprises at least one locking means exerting a thrust in the radial direction of the reservoir, so that said locking means is expanded in the radial direction of the reservoir when said separating means is located opposite said shoulder and blocks the movement of the separating means towards the first end portion of the reservoir.
- the separation means comprising at least one communication conduit
- the cylindrical body of said reservoir comprises an inner circumferential shoulder in the vicinity of said second end portion, at least one recess is located in the inner face of the second end portion or in the face of the separating means, so that the generated gas flows to the ejection orifice when the separating means is located substantially opposite said shoulder of the cylindrical body of the tank.
- the separation means comprises a central portion extending substantially along the diameter of said cylindrical body of the reservoir and a lateral portion substantially in contact with said cylindrical body, a circumferentially extending rupture zone located between said central portion. and said lateral portion, said second end portion comprises an abutment portion so that, under the pressure of said generated gas, said central portion comes into contact with said abutment portion thereby causing said rupture zone to rupture; means of separation, so that the generated gas flows to the ejection port.
- a monitoring device is provided having a part of an electrical circuit disposed inside the tank so that the electric circuit is open when the separation means is located at the beyond a determined position towards the second end portion.
- a monitoring device comprising an electrical circuit in which at least one electrical wire connects said first end portion to said separating means, said wire having a determined length so that there is breaking or disconnection of said wire if the separating means moves beyond a determined position towards the second end portion.
- the ejection device comprises a dispensing cap sealingly closing the ejection orifice and distribution means connected to the ejection orifice.
- the means for generating a pressurized gas comprise a gas generator comprising an enclosure provided with a gas outlet orifice and a predetermined quantity of pyrotechnic gas-generating material.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the ejection device comprising the characteristics which have just been defined as an emergency hydraulic generator for aircraft so as to provide hydraulic energy capable of causing mechanical action.
- said fluid is an oil.
- the invention also proposes, according to another aspect of the invention, a device for ejecting a fluid comprising a number N of reservoirs of said fluid that can be emptied sequentially. N being equal to or greater than 2, the N tanks being connected in parallel to the same fluid distribution circuit by connections comprising a cap capable of tearing under the effect of a defined differential pressure, at least NI tanks comprise means able to permanently close said connection with the circuit, inside the tank at the end of emptying.
- the connection with the circuit being closed at the end of emptying for each fluid reservoir, it is possible to sequentially trigger the emptying of any other tank without the risk of fluid filling the already emptied tanks instead of going towards points where it is useful, for example towards fire extinguishing areas.
- This solution with several reservoirs makes it possible to have a larger quantity of fluid to be ejected in smaller reservoirs, thus more easily integrated in a confined environment, without causing excessive pressure loss in the distribution circuit, due to the fact that absence of valves or valves in said circuit, which also has the advantage of simplifying installation and maintenance while improving reliability.
- Said emptying devices may be of the "membrane" type as described in EP1819403, modified so that the membrane tearing means at the end of emptying are removed and replaced by a suitable shape so that the membrane comes to marry the orifice of the connection with the distribution circuit and that it, under the effect of the pressure generated in the tank by the gases of the pyrotechnic generator, closes this orifice.
- said tanks will advantageously consist of piston devices in which the ejection of the fluid from a substantially cylindrical reservoir is produced by the translation of a piston acting on the fluid.
- the displacement of the piston can be caused by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of an electric cylinder, hydraulic or pneumatic, it can also be achieved by the direct action of a magnetic field on the piston or by introducing a gas under pressure behind the piston in a manner similar to that of the membrane device.
- a piston device makes it possible to ensure better emptying of the reservoir, like a syringe, but also simplifies the closing of the orifice at the end of the stroke, the face of the piston closing off the orifice of the connection with the distribution circuit is by direct contact or by suitable sealing means.
- the device comprises locking means in position of the piston at the end of the stroke.
- the device in order to maintain the closing force of the connection to the distribution circuit at the end of the stroke, it is not necessary to keep the cylinders under load or under pressure the gas acting on the piston, which makes it possible to improve the operating reliability of the device vis-à-vis the pressure drops of the devices applying the force on the piston, but also the safety of property and people after the triggering of the device, thus avoiding retaining elements under pressure, with the risk of explosion or sudden depressurization that may involve.
- the tanks comprise two chambers separated by the piston, one of the chambers comprising the fluid to be ejected, the displacement of the piston being caused by a gas pressure introduced into the other chamber.
- the displacement of the piston is obtained by the action of a jack, pneumatic, hydraulic or electric
- this embodiment is more compact, because of the absence of jack, and easier to install in a confined environment.
- the means for generating the gas under pressure can be moved away from the installation site of the device which is then connected to these means by suitable pipes, said pipes being able to be rigid or flexible.
- the pressurized gas is generated by pyrotechnic means.
- each fluid reservoir constitutes an autonomous device, which is particularly compact and easy to integrate, since the triggering means require very little maintenance because of the considerable reduction in the number of components and moving parts.
- the pressurization gases In order to ensure that all the fluid ejected from each reservoir in the distribution circuit reaches a sufficient flow rate at its point of use, particularly in the case where such a device is used for the ejection of a fluid adapted to fight against the fire, it is advantageous for the pressurization gases to be injected into the distribution circuit at the end of emptying each tank so as to push the fluid towards its point of use and to empty the distribution network completely.
- the device will advantageously comprise means able to put the pressurized gas in communication with the distribution circuit at the end of emptying.
- These devices may be formed by orifices provided on the face of the piston forming separation between the chambers, said orifices being closed by calibrated valves so that when there is no more fluid pressure exerted on them, that is to say at the end of emptying when the piston is locked, they open to let the gas under pressure to the connection port with the distribution circuit to thereby flush the fluid.
- Said valves are closed for example under the action of a spring when the gas pressure becomes less than a determined value.
- the piston has two sealing zones with the inner surface of the reservoir. Said zones are separated and arranged axially, forming an annular chamber between the piston and the inner face of the reservoir. Closable communication orifices are placed between said annular chamber and the pressurization chamber, the annular chamber being placed in communication with the chamber containing the fluid at the end of the stroke of the piston.
- the piston comprises a skirt.
- the closable orifices are located transversely on said skirt and communicate with the annular chamber which is both insulated from the fluid is gas under pressure by the two sealing zones during the entire emptying. Said holes are closed by check valves calibrated as before.
- the ejected fluid is a fire-fighting fluid such as a fluoroketone, for example a fluid known commercially as NOVEC® 1230 brand 3M.
- a fire-fighting fluid such as a fluoroketone
- NOVEC® 1230 brand 3M a fluid known commercially as NOVEC® 1230 brand 3M.
- This type of fluid which has a very high specific heat, would absorb the calories of the pyrotechnic reaction if the gases generated by this reaction came into contact with it, which would have the effect of reducing the efficiency of the reaction. the ejection of the fluid.
- the positioning of the closable orifices on the skirt of the piston and opening into a sealed annular chamber makes it possible on the one hand to avoid any contact of the gases with the fluid ejected during the emptying, but also to obtain an effective thermal insulation by the front face of the piston between the fluid and the gases.
- the means for closing the orifices are constituted by an elastic ring.
- Said elastic ring being disposed in the annular chamber around the skirt of the piston and coming by elastically close the orifices made on this skirt.
- the characteristics of the ring in terms of material and geometry are chosen so that it can be expanded and thus open the orifices.
- the elastic ring is constituted by a split ring.
- This embodiment is particularly economical and reliable, the additional expansion possibilities conferred by the presence of this slot also facilitating the mounting of the ring.
- the slot is further used to provide the angular position of said ring so that it can not rotate in its housing and that the slot does not come opposite an orifice which would cause a loss of sealing.
- Such a fluid ejection device can be easily integrated in a confined environment such as the nacelle of an aircraft engine, because it is compact and easily integrable, it is not under pressure before or after the emptying phase. , and can thus be installed closer to fire sources without generating risks, including risks of explosion, for surrounding facilities, and ultimately, it requires only a very limited maintenance. It can therefore be installed in areas that have limited accessibility without incurring additional maintenance costs.
- a device can be used as a hydraulic generation backup device for an aircraft.
- Such a device makes it possible to supply the hydraulic energy necessary to operate a mechanical control, for example for applications of the braking and ground steering type, or even opening and locking of the landing gear.
- the expelled fluid is a hydraulic oil.
- FIG. 1 already described, is a schematic view of a device according to the invention; prior art coupling multiple tanks and implementing pilot valves and check valves on the distribution circuit;
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of a longitudinal section of the fluid ejection device according to the invention;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view of the separation means and the second end portion according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a pressure control means equipping the ejection device according to the invention
- Figures 5A, 5B and 5C are three longitudinal sectional views of the pressure control means in operation
- FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are top views of a longitudinal section of a fluid ejection device for three examples of the position of the separation means;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a longitudinal section of the ejection device according to one embodiment of the invention in which the separation means comprises a rupture zone and the second end portion comprises a stop portion.
- FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D are longitudinal sectional views of the ejection device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 for four instants of the ejection phase
- Figure 9 is an overall sectional view of the device according to one embodiment of the invention before its release, comprising a sock;
- Figure 10 is a detailed view of the device at the end of discharge when the sock is broken and the piston locked in position;
- FIG. HA is a sectional view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention using a spherical reservoir comprising a membrane separating the fluid from the pressurized gases injected into the reservoir in order to drain it. Said tank is shown at the end of emptying, the membrane closing the connection port to the distribution circuit;
- Figure HB is a sectional view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention using a cylindrical reservoir and the ejection of the fluid by a piston moving axially in the reservoir;
- Figure 12 shows a partial sectional view of the side of the connection port to the distribution circuit having a locking device in the end position of the piston
- FIG. 13 represents a sectional view of the device according to one embodiment of the invention in which the triggering of the device is obtained by activating a pyrotechnic cartridge placed in the tank;
- FIG. 14 is a detail view in partial section of a piston of the device according to one embodiment of the invention incorporating means making it possible to put in communication the gases generated by the pyrotechnic device with the distribution circuit at the end of the emptying ;
- FIG. 15 shows a sectional view of a particular embodiment of the piston of the device according to the invention in which said piston has a skirt and an annular zone delimited by sealing means, which zone comprises means making it possible to put in communication the gases generated during the activation of the pyrotechnic device with the distribution circuit at the end of emptying;
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention equipped with a skirted piston with orifices and means able to close these orifices in the form of an expandable ring;
- Figure 17 is a detailed sectional view of the device according to Figure 16 when the piston reaches the end of stroke and the ring is expanded so as to let the pressurized gas to the distribution circuit;
- Figure 18 is a view of the piston alone provided with the elastic sealing ring in the closed position such that it obstructs the openings in the skirt of the piston;
- Figure 19 shows the piston alone, the elastic sealing ring being in the expanded position, thus allowing the passage to the annular chamber of the pressurizing gas.
- Figures 2 to 8 show a first aspect of the invention.
- the fluid ejection device comprises, as main element, a reservoir 1 containing the fluid 14 to be ejected, constituted by a hollow cylindrical body 2 and sealed at both ends by a first end portion 3 and a second end portion 4.
- the cylindrical body 2 may have a circular section, elliptical, oblong, or any other shape of the same type.
- the invention applies more particularly to a fluid 14 in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the fluid 14 may also be in the form of powders, pasty fluids or suspensions.
- the tank 1 comprises one or more ejection orifices 16A, which can be connected to dispensing means (not shown) to allow the ejection of the fluid 14 and its routing to a specific area.
- the ejection orifices 16A are located in the second end portion 4 of the cylinder or near this end portion.
- each ejection orifice 16A is sealingly closed by a dispensing cap 16 in order to keep the fluid in the tank 1 as long as its action is not solicited.
- the dispensing cap 16 may for example be a tared operculum, that is to say a membrane which breaks or opens as soon as the pressure at tank 1 reaches a certain threshold.
- the dispensing cap may also be a valve, advantageously controlled remotely.
- Other closure devices are known from, for example, WO 93/25950 or US-A-4,877,051, and are commercially available.
- the ejection device comprises means for generating a gas under pressure.
- the means for generating a gas under pressure are connected to the tank 1 via communication means.
- the communication means between the tank 1 and the means for generating a pressurized gas open into the tank 1 in a manner opposite to the ejection orifice 16A, that is to say in the first part of the tank. end 3 or near this end portion.
- the means for generating a gas under pressure may, in one embodiment of the invention not illustrated, consist of one or more pressurized gas tanks.
- a valve in the communication means makes it possible, for example, to isolate the tank of pressurized gas from the tank 1 as long as it is not used.
- the generator 7 is located inside the tank 1. It consists of a combustion chamber 8 provided with an ignition device 9, and containing a suitable quantity of an energetic or pyrotechnic material. This material may be in the solid state, for example in the form of beads or pellets, or in block form of studied form.
- the gases generated by the combustion of the energetic or pyrotechnic material are directed towards the tank 1 via outlet orifices of the enclosure 8.
- a diffuser 11 placed around the combustion chamber 8 allows a better distribution of the gas generated by the gas generator 7 within the first chamber A, which minimizes the thermal impacts located on the surface of the first chamber A .
- said fluid 14 can absorb a large amount of heat energy from the generated gas. This is particularly the case of NOVEC® 1230 marketed by the company 3M.
- the heat absorbed by such a fluid 14 causes a drop in temperature of the generated gas, which produces a decrease in the pressure exerted by the gas generated in the reservoir 1 on the fluid 14 to be ejected.
- This reduction in pressure applied to the fluid 14 to be ejected leads to a lower ejection rate of the fluid 14, which thus reduces the efficiency of the device according to the invention.
- a separation means 5 is necessary.
- the separating means 5 is located between the first end portion 3 and said fluid 14 so as to form in a sealed manner on the one hand a first chamber A located between the separating means 5 and the first end portion 3 called pressurizing chamber, and secondly a second chamber B containing said fluid 14 located between the separation means 5 and the second end portion 4.
- the separation means 5 may comprise a central portion 5C extending substantially according to the radial direction of the tank 1, and a lateral portion 5L extending substantially in the axial direction of the tank 1.
- the side portion 5L is connected to the central portion 5C at the circumference of the portion 5C. Parts 5C and 5L are rigid.
- the central portion 5C of the separation means 5 comprises a surface 5A located in the first enclosure A and a surface 5B located in the second enclosure B.
- the separating means 5 is movable in the axial direction of the tank 1 so as to have a piston effect: in the ejection phase, the surface 5A undergoes the pressure of the generated gas, which pressure is communicated to the fluid 14 by the surface 5B of the central portion 5C so as to eject the fluid 14 from the tank 1.
- the separating means 5 is of thermally insulating material, for example of plastic material, or of any rigid material, dressed with insulating material, such as an elastomer. So the Fluid 14 can not absorb the energy of the generated gas, which optimizes the ejection efficiency of the device according to the invention.
- the separating means 5 may comprise seals or sealing segments 6, placed in circumferential recesses of the lateral part 5L facing the inner wall 21 of the cylindrical body 2.
- the sealing segments 6, by rubbing on the wall inside 21 of the cylindrical body 2, allow to prohibit any mass transfer between the speakers A and B.
- the separation means 5 also has the advantage of avoiding any mixing and dilution of the fluid 14 in the generated gas which would reduce the efficiency of the ejection device.
- This undilution of the fluid 14 in the gas generated is particularly important for certain applications such as fire engine fire extinguishing in aeronautics where, for regulatory reasons, it is necessary to ensure a minimum concentration of extinguishing agent in a fire zone considered for a period of time. given, as described in EP1552859 filed in the name of the Applicant. Indeed, these fire zones are most often ventilated by a significant flow of renewal air.
- the separation means comprises a thermal insulation zone 51 extending substantially in the radial direction of the separation means 5.
- This thermal insulation zone 51 can be a closed recess located inside the central portion 5C between the surfaces 5A and 5B of the separating means 5, as shown in Figure 3.
- Other solutions are possible, such as the covering of a surface 5A or 5B or both surfaces 5A and 5B, by a plate of thermally insulating material and of suitable thickness.
- FIG. 4 shows a pressure control means 12 fitted to the fluid ejection device according to the invention.
- the ejection device according to the invention can be equipped with several pressure control means 12.
- FIG. 4 shows a non-limiting example of pressure control means, here corresponding to a valve. However, other means may be suitable, such as a valve or a valve.
- the pressure control means 12, hereinafter referred to as a valve is arranged in the first end portion 3 so as to ensure communication between the first enclosure A and the external environment of the reservoir.
- the valve 12 is able to adopt an open configuration in the absence of gas generated in the tank 1 so as to vent these first enclosure A and a closed configuration in the presence of gas generated in the first chamber.
- the valve 12 is designed to close tightly under the pressure of the gas generated in the first enclosure A.
- a slow variation in pressure between the first chamber A and the external environment of the tank 1 through the valve 12 is not able to operate the closing of the valve 12.
- This type of slow variation is presented during the variation of the atmospheric pressure outside the ejection device according to the invention, for example because of the altitude variation of the aircraft. It can also occur during the displacement of the separation means 5 as a function of the volume variation of the fluid 14, and therefore of the pressure variation in the first enclosure A due to the displacement of the separation means 5.
- the fluid 14 may have a volume variation with respect to a reference volume defined for a given temperature, for example +20 ° C.
- a reference volume defined for a given temperature, for example +20 ° C.
- the fluid 14 has an expansion and then exerting pressure on the separating means 5 in the direction of the first end portion 3.
- the separating means 5 then moves in the direction of the first end portion 3.
- any displacement of the separation means 5 due to the volume variation of the fluid 14 changes the volume of the first chamber A and therefore the resident pressure inside the chamber A.
- the venting through the valve 12 of the first chamber A ensures that none of the speakers A and B of the ejection device according to the invention is under pressure during the off-ejection phase.
- a rapid and significant variation of pressure in the first enclosure A due to the generation of the gas under pressure is capable of causing the closure of the valve 12.
- the venting of the first chamber A provided by the valve 12 avoids having in the ejection device according to the invention a pressurized gas during the ejection phase, and that whatever or the axial position of the separation means 5. Any unnecessary mechanical stress that would weaken the ejection device is thus avoided.
- the fact that the internal pressure of the fluid ejection device is always balanced with the outside makes it possible to install it as close as possible to the areas to be supplied. fluid 14, facilitating the response to the constraints imposed by the aviation regulations. This also makes it possible to reduce the length of the distribution pipe connecting the ejection device to the zones in question.
- the linear pressure drop in the distribution pipe is reduced, which allows to obtain a larger fluid flow 14 for a given ejection pressure.
- the ejection efficiency of the device is thus improved.
- reducing the length of the distribution pipe and optimizing the thickness of the walls of the ejection device can meet the requirements of mass savings in aeronautics.
- the valve 12 comprises a valve body 32 preferably attached to the first end portion 3 of the reservoir 1.
- the valve body 32 is hollow and preferably of substantially tubular shape. It allows the communication of gas between the first chamber A and the external environment of the tank 1.
- a plug 35 sealingly closes the portion of the valve body 32 communicating with the external environment.
- Said valve body 32 comprises at least one communication conduit 34 connecting the interior of the body of the valve 32 to the external environment of the tank 1.
- the inner face 321 has a valve seat 32S located substantially near the end of the valve body 32 communicating with the first chamber A.
- a movable piece 31 is able to move in the axial direction of the valve body 32 and has a head 31T adapted to come into contact with said valve seat 32S thereby defining said position closed of the valve.
- the valve 12 further comprises a separating means 33 movable in the axial direction of the valve body 32 and located radially between the valve body 32 and the movable part 31, said separating means 33 being adapted to come opposite said conduit. communication 34 of the valve body, so as to block any flow of gas generated through the communication conduit 34, forming in this a second security of closure.
- the movable separating means 33 bears against an abutment portion 32B of the valve body 32, under the action of, for example, a spring 36 compressed between the movable separating means 33 and the plug 35, in such a way that the separating means 33 is not opposite said communication duct 34.
- the moving part 31 bears on the movable separating means 33 by means of a stop member 38 integral with the moving part 31, under the action of a spring 37 compressed between the abutment piece 38 and the cap 35. It defines a first valve chamber 30A communicating with the first chamber A of the tank 1 and a second valve chamber 30B communicating with the external environment.
- the two enclosures 3OA and 3OB communicate with each other via communication conduits 39 located inside the moving part, comprising an inlet 39A situated substantially in the first chamber 30A of the valve and an outlet 39B located in the second chamber 30B of valve.
- the precise positioning (by construction or adjustment) of the abutment piece 38 on the moving part 31 determines a slight clearance 40 between the movable part 31 and the valve body 32 thus allowing the communication between the first chamber A of the tank 1 and the external environment, via the ducts 34 of the body 32 and the ducts 39 of the movable part 31.
- the clearance 40 and the communication conduits 34 and 39 have a size that does not allow inertial flow.
- a characteristic size of the clearance 40 and conduits 34 and 39 may be of the order of one millimeter.
- the movable separating means 33 in its movement closes the conduits 34 of the body 32, which ensures a double seal (contact between the head 31T of the movable part 31 with the seat 32S of the body 32 one side and closure of the conduits 34 of the body 32 by the separating means 33 on the other hand).
- the inlet 39A of the duct 39 of the movable part 31 is closed off by an integral peg 35E of the plug 35.
- a spring means 13 may be disposed in said first chamber A of said reservoir 1 and placed between the first end portion 3 and the separation means 5 so as to exert a compression force according to the axial direction of said reservoir 1 on said separating means 5, always oriented in the direction of the second end portion 4. This compression force always oriented in the same direction minimizes the volume of the second enclosure B and keeps in permanent contact the separation means 5 with the fluid 14 to be ejected. The surface 5B of the separation means 5 is thus entirely in contact with the fluid 14 to be ejected.
- Figure 6A shows spring means 13 as a coil spring, however other types of spring may be used. In the case of high temperatures, as shown in FIG.
- the fluid 14 has a volume expansion and then exerts pressure on the separating means 5 in the direction of the first end portion 3.
- the separating means 5 is then moves in the direction of the first end portion 3.
- the spring means 13 deforms and exerts a compressive force, always oriented in the direction of the second end portion 4, on the separating means 5
- the intensity of the force exerted by the spring means 13 depends on the intensity of the deformation of this spring. latest.
- the surface 5B of the separating means is kept completely and permanently in contact with the fluid 14 to be ejected, and the second enclosure B has a minimum volume. In the case of low temperatures, the fluid 14 decreases in volume.
- the separating means 5 moves in the direction of the second end portion 4 so as to maintain full and permanent contact between the surface 5B the central portion 5C of the separating means 5 with the fluid 14 to be ejected.
- the second speaker B always has a minimum volume.
- the minimization of second chamber B by the separating means 5 on which exerts the spring effect makes it possible to overcome any orientation constraints of the ejection device according to the invention. It is no longer necessary to orient the ejection device in the direction of gravity with the ejection port 16A at the bottom.
- the ejection efficiency of the fluid 14 is improved since the face 5A of the separating means 5 undergoes both the compressive force of the spring means 13 and the pressure of the gas generated, which increases the flow rate. ejection of the fluid 14 through the ejection port 16A.
- a monitoring device In the context of aeronautical applications, it is advantageous for a monitoring device to continuously check the integrity of a fluid ejection device, in particular for an extinguishing application but also for an application as a backup hydraulic generator.
- the monitoring device consists of an electrical circuit such that the latter changes state, between the open state and the closed state, when the separation means 5 is located. in an axial position determined between the first end 3 and the second end 4.
- said electrical circuit is open when the separation means is between said determined position and the second end 4 and closed when it is between the first part end 3 and said determined position.
- This electrical circuit consists of two electrical conductors, for example electrical wires or tracks, arranged on the inner face 21 of the cylindrical body 2 and extending in the axial direction of the tank 1. One end of the son is connected to an electrical circuit via a sealed connector 21 located in the first end portion 3.
- the other end of at least one electrical conductor is positioned at a determined distance from the second end portion 4, thereby defining an open position of the electrical circuit.
- the two conductors are electrically connected by the separating means 5, for example by the locking means 19 also made of conductive material.
- the separation means 5 closes the electrical circuit when it is located between the first end portion 3 and said open position, the circuit being open when it is located between said open position and the second end portion 4.
- the opening of the circuit will be recognized by a monitoring system as a lack of integrity of the fluid ejection device.
- the monitoring device 20 consists of at least one conductive wire 20, preferably two, fixed on the one hand to the separation means 5 and connected for example to a ground circuit via a sealed connector 21 located on the first end portion 3, as shown in Figures 6A, 6B and 6C.
- the length of the wire is adapted to the different positions that can take the separation means 5 in the tank 1 as a function of the extreme operating temperatures of the ejection device, as shown in FIGS. 6A. and 6B.
- the wire undergoes no excessive mechanical stress in the off-ejection phase.
- the separation means 5 will continue its movement towards the second end portion 4 of the tank 1 under the pressure exerted by the spring means 13. The stress on the son will therefore increase continuously. As shown in Figure 6C where we see the discharged ejection device, beyond a specific position of the separation means 5, the stress will cause breaking or disconnection of at least one son.
- the breaking or disconnection of at least one conducting wire 20 leads to the opening of a ground circuit, an opening constituting a signal which will be recognized by a monitoring system as a defect of integrity of the fluid ejection device 14 and will cause a maintenance operation during which the problem will be quickly identified. It is possible to overcome one of the two son 20, for example in that the mass return is through the cylindrical body 2 of the tank 1, ensuring electrical continuity between the separation means 5 and the body cylindrical 2 for example using the locking means 19 of the separation means 5 which will be described in detail below. This being in contact with the inner wall 21 of the cylindrical body 2 during the displacement of the separation means 5, the continuity of mass can be ensured.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the separation means 5 may have at least one communication duct 15, preferably four distributed at 90 ° opening laterally and perpendicularly to the inside wall 21 of the cylindrical body 2.
- the cylindrical body 2 comprises substantially near the second end portion 4 a shoulder 17. This shoulder 17 allows the depressurization of the first chamber A and the complete ejection of the fluid 14 and consequently the gas generated in the distribution means .
- the separating means 5 when the separating means 5 is substantially in abutment at the end of travel near the second end portion 4, there is communication of the first enclosure A with the distribution means so that the generated gas flows through the orifice 15 placed vis-à-vis the shoulder 17 and then flows in at less a recess 18 located in the inner face 41 of the second end portion 4, to the ejection port 16A.
- the recess 18 can also be made on the face 5B of the separation means 5 so as to allow the flow of the generated gas to the ejection port 16A.
- the fluid 14 is ejected and the generated gas is discharged into the distribution means. This allows complete emptying of the fluid ejection device, both in fluid 14 to be ejected and in generated gas.
- This also makes it possible to put the tank 1 in the open air and thus to avoid any mechanical stress related to a possible residual overpressure. This in particular ensures the safety of an operator, for example during a maintenance operation, since any risk of intervention on the device still having an internal overpressure is discarded.
- the separating means 5 is provided with a locking means 19, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- This locking means 19, for example an elastic segment or a metal rod and spring assembly , is placed between the sealing elements 6 and above the orifices 15 whose function is to lock the separation means 5 at the end of the journey, in order to avoid any return back of said separation means 5 by reaction with a possible water hammer or back pressure in the means of distribution that would harm the efficiency of the discharge.
- the lateral portion 5L of the separation means 5 is opposite the shoulder 17.
- the segment moves in the radial direction of the reservoir 1 in this shoulder 17 and therefore constitutes a mechanical stop preventing any return back of the separation means 5.
- the separating means 5 comprises a rupture zone 5R extending circumferentially of the central portion 5C and located between the central portion 5C and the lateral portion 5L of the separating means 5.
- the second end portion 4 comprises a portion forming 4B abutment so that, under the pressure of the generated gas, said central portion 5C comes into contact with the abutment portion 4B thus causing the rupture zone 5R of the separating means 5 to break, so as to allow the communication between the first enclosure A and the ejection port 16A.
- the generated gas can be evacuated and then flow through the dispensing means. This allows complete emptying of the fluid ejection device, both in fluid to be ejected and in generated gas.
- FIG. 8A shows the idle ejection device according to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 7.
- the spring means 13 is not shown for the sake of clarity of the figure.
- the separating means 5 is positioned near the first end portion 3.
- FIG. 8B shows the initial phase of the ejection in which the gas generated is introduced into the first chamber A and exerts a pressure on the surface 5A of the separating means 5.
- the separation means 5 then exerts a force on the fluid to be ejected 14 in the direction of the second end portion 4. Accordingly, the dispensing cap 16 opens and the fluid 14 is discharged through the ejection port 16A.
- FIG. 8B shows the initial phase of the ejection in which the gas generated is introduced into the first chamber A and exerts a pressure on the surface 5A of the separating means 5.
- the separation means 5 then exerts a force on the fluid to be ejected 14 in the direction of the second end portion 4. Accordingly, the dispensing cap 16 opens and the fluid 14 is discharged through the ejection
- the separation means 5 has moved towards the second end portion 4 under the combined effect of the pressure exerted by the generated gas and the compression force exerted by the spring means. 13.
- the central portion 5C of the separating means has come into contact with the abutment portion 4B of the second end portion 4, while the lateral portion 5L of the separating means 5 is not in contact with any part. forming stop. Also the central portion 5C can not continue the movement in the direction of the second end portion 4 due to contact with the abutment portion 4B, while the side portion 5L can continue the displacement.
- the lateral portion 5L disengages from the central portion 5C by breaking the rupture zone 5R.
- Figure 8D shows the ejection device at the end of the ejection phase.
- the lateral part 5L of the separating means 5 has become detached from the central part 5C and has abutted against the second end portion 4, thus creating a circumferentially extending opening situated between the lateral part 5L and the central part 5C of the means of separation 5.
- ejection ducts 4E are provided in the second end portion 4 so as to allow the evacuation of the fluid 14 and the gas generated until at the ejection port 16A.
- the generated gas can be evacuated and then flow through the dispensing means.
- This allows complete emptying of the fluid ejection device, both in fluid to be ejected and in generated gas. This also makes it possible to put the tank 1 in the open air and thus to avoid any mechanical stress related to a possible residual overpressure.
- the device can advantageously be used as a hydraulic generation system called "last aid" for aircraft.
- a hydraulic generation system called "last aid" for aircraft.
- the expelled fluid is a hydraulic oil of suitable characteristics for the application in question.
- Figures 9 and 10 show a second aspect of the invention.
- the reference numerals identical to those of FIGS. 2 and 3 denote identical or similar elements.
- FIG. 9 represents the device for ejecting a fluid according to one embodiment of the invention.
- This comprises a reservoir 1 whose body 2 is substantially cylindrical in shape, separated into two chambers A and B by a separator element 5 of the piston type, able to slide longitudinally in the reservoir.
- One of the chambers B contains the fluid to be ejected and is closed by an end portion 4, or flange, comprising a cap 16, separating the chamber B containing the fluid distribution circuit.
- the piston 5 comprises sealing means with the inner side wall of the reservoir, in the form of an elastic segment 19 and / or a lip seal 6, or sealing segment.
- the pressurizing chamber A is also closed by another end portion 3, or flange, and contains a pyrotechnic gas generator 7.
- the flange 3 closing the pressurization chamber is provided with valve means (not shown) and allowing it to communicate with the outside air vis-à-vis slow variations in pressure.
- the device comprises a system for checking its integrity, for example, in the form of a ground circuit closed by a wire 20 of determined length, as described above.
- the length of this wire allows it to follow the variations of position of the piston over a given range.
- variations in position are related to the thermal expansion of the fluid to be ejected.
- the wire 20 breaks, opening the circuit of mass. It is therefore possible to control by a simple electrical measurement, taken in contact 21 located on the upper flange 3, to check the integrity of the system, that is to say that the ejection device was not sets off ;
- the piston is held in contact with the fluid to be ejected by spring means acting on the piston along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
- spring means may be constituted by a helical spring of longitudinal axis (not shown) disposed between the upper flange 3 and the piston 5, or, if the device does not have means for venting the chamber pressurization, they can be formed by the gas initially contained therein.
- the pressurizing chamber A is leakproof vis-à-vis the outside.
- Said gas preferably an inert gas, is introduced therein when the device is mounted under a pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure by means of a valve (This is not shown) located, for example, on the upper flange 3.
- This initial gas pressure in the pressurizing chamber is chosen so that the piston presses on the fluid to be ejected even when said fluid occupies a minimum volume under the effect of the thermal expansion and that the maximum pressure in the fluid, when it occupies a maximum volume under the effect of the thermal expansion is sufficiently far from the pressure causing the rupture of the lid, so that it can not there is no risk of rupture of the lid outside the case of tripping of the device.
- the seal between the two chambers is improved by the presence of a sock 50 between the piston 5 and the upper flange 3 in the pressurizing chamber A.
- this sock is made of a material diametrically expandable, so that it can perform its sealing role during the rise in pressure in the pressurizing chamber. So that the sock 50 does not prevent the piston from constantly pressing the fluid to be ejected, it is made of a longitudinally expandable material between the two extreme positions that can occupy the piston in contact with the fluid to be ejected under the effect of the thermal expansion of this fluid.
- the sock 50 comprises at least one fold 51 which facilitates its extension.
- the discharge of the tank is triggered by triggering the pyrotechnic gas generator 7.
- the generation of a volume of gas in the pressurization chamber leads to the increase of the pressure in this chamber, which pressure is transmitted to the fluid at eject into the other chamber B via the piston.
- the seal 16 breaks, causing the flow of fluid in the dispensing circuit and the translation of the piston, plated on the fluid by the pressure generated in the pressurizing chamber.
- the pressure in the pressurizing chamber also causes the diametral expansion of the sock 50.
- the piston comprises a valve 60 capable of passing the gases of the pyrotechnic reaction to the distribution circuit, in order to purge it.
- FIGS. 11 to 19 show a third aspect of the invention.
- the reference numerals identical to those of FIGS. 2 and 3 denote identical or similar elements.
- FIG. HA shows a first embodiment of a fluid ejection device according to said third aspect of the invention using a tank 1 of substantially spherical shape comprising an inner membrane 105 separating the tank into two chambers A, B.
- first chamber A can be placed in communication with a compressed gas via the valve 700.
- the second chamber B containing the fluid to be ejected, such as an extinguishing agent for fire fighting.
- the membrane 105 deforms towards the chamber B containing the fluid, the increase in the pressure which results in said fluid causes the rupture of the tear-off lid 16 releasing the connection orifice of the reservoir with the fluid distribution circuit 25.
- the reservoir is put in communication with the distribution circuit 25 and the fluid flows into it in the direction of the point of delivery. use .
- Figure HA shows such a device at the end of emptying.
- Chamber B contains no more or very little fluid.
- the membrane 105 is then press-fitted against the communication orifice between the reservoir and the distribution circuit and obstructs this orifice so that any reintroduction of fluid into the reservoir is impossible, and that several reservoirs of this type can be mounted. in parallel on the same distribution circuit and sequentially triggered without the fluid ejected from a tank comes to fill one of the tanks already emptied.
- the membrane 105 must be sufficiently flexible to ensure complete emptying of the tank and effective sealing of the connection orifice, also called ejection orifice, and sufficiently resistant to not be pierced under the effect of pressure or the encounter with the orifice at the end of emptying.
- the membrane 105 may consist of an unreinforced elastomer.
- an embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises (FIG. 2B) a reservoir 1 whose body 2 is cylindrical inside which there is a piston 5 comprising means for sealing 6 between said piston and the inner wall of the reservoir.
- the piston is able to move axially in the reservoir so as to cause the ejection of the fluid out of the reservoir in the manner of a syringe.
- the displacement of the piston is obtained by any means known to those skilled in the art, in particular by means of a jack or by the introduction into the tank of gas under pressure on the side of the face opposite to the face of the piston in contact. with the fluid.
- FIG. HB shows two stages of displacement of said piston 5
- the pressure in the fluid increases until rupture of the tear-off lid 16 closes the orifice of the tank connection 16A. with the distribution circuit 25.
- the fluid is ejected from the reservoir by the movement of the piston 5 in the direction of the arrow and then flows into the distribution circuit 25 towards the point of use.
- the piston 5 closes the connection orifice with the circuit, either by direct contact or by means of sealing means 6 which can be placed on the piston (the case of FIG. 2B) or alternatively connected to the reservoir near the connection 16A with the distribution circuit.
- an advantageous embodiment comprises means for locking the piston 5 at the end of the stroke.
- These locking means can be obtained by the cooperation of an elastic ring 19, or elastic segment, installed in a groove of the piston 5 and a shoulder 17 formed in the tank body at the end comprising the connection with the circuit distribution 25.
- the segment or elastic ring 19 placed in the groove of the piston tends to expand, that is to say to increase in diameter.
- the elastic ring 19 deviates until it reaches the diameter of the shoulder 17. the piston can not go back even in the absence of the application of a mechanical action on it.
- the pressurized gas necessary for the ejection of the fluid can be generated by the triggering of a pyrotechnic cartridge 70 placed directly in the reservoir or close to it.
- the piston then defines two chambers A, B separated in a sealed manner, the first A being intended to receive the gas under pressure necessary to cause axial displacement of the piston.
- the second chamber B contains the fluid.
- the ignition of the pyrotechnic cartridge 70 causes the generation of gas under pressure which has the effect of propelling the piston towards the other end, thus compressing the fluid in the chamber B.
- the fluid reaches a given pressure, it tears operculum and flows into the distribution circuit.
- the piston is locked by the combined action of the elastic ring 19 and the shoulder 17, thus forming a non-return in the tank.
- the tank may be equipped with a pressure equalizing valve 12, for example as described above.
- This particular valve balances the pressure between the inside of the chamber A and the outside of the tank in the event of a slow variation of said pressure and closes in the event of a peak pressure.
- the resulting sudden change in pressure in the chamber A closes the valve 12, and propels the piston 5 towards the other end of the reservoir, ejecting the fluid after rupture of the seal 16.
- the elastic ring 19 deviates in the shoulder 17 preventing any return of the piston and thus forming a non-return system vis-à-vis - screw fluid in the distribution circuit.
- the pressure then stabilizes in the chamber A to a value greater than the pressure outside the body.
- the balancing valve 12 then allows the leakage of the gas out of chamber A and the pressure drop in it.
- the balancing valve 12 can be normally closed and controlled at the opening by a system connecting it to the position of the piston 5 locked at the end of stroke, allowing the depressurization of the chamber A.
- an autonomous ejection device which does not remain under pressure after operation.
- FIG 14 shows a partial sectional view of the piston 5 incorporating valve means adapted to place the chamber A containing the pressurized gas and the chamber B containing the fluid.
- valve means comprise a bore 110 in the piston 5. Said bore is closed by a valve 111 carrying two seats 212, 213, the seat 213 located on the side of the chamber A receiving the pressurized gas being produced directly by the boring, the seat 212 located on the fluid side being constituted in an insert ring 214.
- the valve 111 is ideally pressed against each of the seats 212, 213 by spring means 112.
- the axial position of the ring 214 is adjustable in order to ensure a perfect range of the two ends of the valve 111 on the two seats 212, 213.
- the spring means 112 and the outer diameters of the two ends of the valve 111 are chosen so that during the emptying the axial force applied to the valve resulting from the pressure of the gas and which tends to open said valve, equilibrates with the sum of the force applied on the other end of the valve by the fluid and the force of the spring 112, the last two forces tending to close the valve.
- the valve is closed and sealed.
- the pressure applied by the gas on the valve 111 is no longer balanced by the pressure of the fluid and the valve opens, allowing the pressurized gas which enters the distribution circuit 25 to pass through and promotes ejection of the fluid.
- valve forming means 140 Advantageously the valve forming means 140
- the piston 5 comprises a skirt 113 extending axially, said skirt comprising an annular groove comprised of sealing means 121, 122 arranged axially on either side of the groove.
- the sealing means 121, 122 and the groove form a sealed annular chamber 80.
- Valve means 140 are mounted radially and are capable of communicating the annular chamber 80 with the chamber A containing the gas under pressure.
- the two sealing means 121, 122 disposed on either side of the annular groove of the piston are in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder.
- the pressurized gas tends to open the valve 140, and enters the sealed annular chamber until the pressures are balanced and the valve closes under the action of the valve spring.
- the elastic ring 19 expands in the shoulder 17 preventing the return of the piston 5. Due to the presence of the shoulder 17, the sealing means 122 located near the face before the piston 5 is no longer in contact with the tank wall and no longer fulfills its sealing function. Under the effect of the pressure of the gas, the valve 140 opens and communicates the gas under pressure with the distribution circuit 25.
- valve means in the skirt 113 of the piston are replaced by simple slots 115 formed in said skirt and opening into the sealed annular chamber 80.
- Said slots are closed by a ring circular elastic 116 placed in the groove of the piston and tending, by elasticity, to be pressed into the bottom of this groove, so that the slots of the skirt 115 are closed by the ring 116.
- the bottom of the tank comprises stops 101 able to receive the piston 5 at the end of the stroke.
- the piston comes into contact with said stops 101 at the same time as the elastic ring 19 blocks the return of the piston by engaging in the shoulder 17.
- the chamber 80 is no longer tight end of stroke.
- the gas pressure continues to expand the ring 116, the gas can flow through the lumens 115 to the distribution circuit.
- the ring 116 shrinks on the lights ensuring the sealing of the piston and its role as a non-return system vis-à-vis the fluid contained in the distribution circuit.
- the elastic ring 116 adapted to close the slots 115 is advantageously a split ring ( Figures 18 and 19).
- this slot can advantageously be used to angularly orient the ring 116 and ensure that said slot is not positioned facing a light 115.
- the groove of the piston receiving the ring 116 is advantageously provided with a protuberance 215 at the bottom of the groove.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801231913A CN101909699B (zh) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | 具有加强密封的流体喷射装置 |
EP20080845284 EP2205325B1 (fr) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee |
US12/740,516 US8783372B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Fluid ejection device with reinforced seal |
RU2010121896/12A RU2493892C2 (ru) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Устройство повышенной герметичности для выброса текучей среды |
CA2703853A CA2703853C (fr) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee |
BRPI0818830-0A BRPI0818830B1 (pt) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Dispositivo de ejeção de um fluido e aeronave. |
AT08845284T ATE546199T1 (de) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Fluidausstossvorrichtung mit verbesserter dichtheit |
JP2010530489A JP2011500242A (ja) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | 漏出防止性を強化した流体射出装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0758697 | 2007-10-30 | ||
FR0758697A FR2922972B1 (fr) | 2007-10-30 | 2007-10-30 | Dispositif d'ejection de fluide et utilisation d'un tel dispositif. |
FR0801687 | 2008-03-28 | ||
FR0801687A FR2929126B1 (fr) | 2008-03-28 | 2008-03-28 | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide muni d'un dispositif anti-retour |
FR0805467 | 2008-10-03 | ||
FR0805467A FR2936715B1 (fr) | 2008-10-03 | 2008-10-03 | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009056574A1 true WO2009056574A1 (fr) | 2009-05-07 |
Family
ID=40229813
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/064689 WO2009056574A1 (fr) | 2007-10-30 | 2008-10-29 | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide a etancheite renforcee |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8783372B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2205325B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2011500242A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101909699B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE546199T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0818830B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2703853C (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2493892C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009056574A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
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WO2011067546A1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S) | Dispositif d'éjection d'un fluide |
WO2011149892A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Hanratty Associates | Extincteur hydro-pneumatique |
RU2452540C2 (ru) * | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-10 | Владимир Александрович Парамошко | Способ тушения пожара и устройство для его реализации |
FR3056416A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-30 | Airbus Safran Launchers Sas | Dispositif de distribution d'un materiau pressurise |
US10159861B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-12-25 | Arianegroup Sas | Method for delivering a liquid pressurised by the combustion gases from at least one pyrotechnic charge |
FR3077989A1 (fr) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-23 | Arianegroup Sas | Extincteur d'incendie |
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FR3056417B1 (fr) * | 2016-09-28 | 2021-05-14 | Airbus Safran Launchers Sas | Dispositif de delivrance d'un materiau pressurise |
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CN110478836A (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-22 | 安徽天辰云泽安全科技有限公司 | 一种小空间非贮压式灭火装置 |
CN111692141B (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-08-23 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | 用于油缸控制的液压系统 |
KR102243460B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-04-21 | 이영숙 | 화재 진압 시스템 |
CN114432627B (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-11-29 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种增压灭火装置 |
CN112587843A (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-02 | 安徽中科中涣防务装备技术有限公司 | 一种可实现二次灭火的外置式灭火装置 |
FR3143375A1 (fr) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-21 | ARIANEGROUP SAS / InstSp | Extincteur d’incendie courbé pour moteur |
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- 2008-10-29 JP JP2010530489A patent/JP2011500242A/ja active Pending
- 2008-10-29 CN CN2008801231913A patent/CN101909699B/zh active Active
- 2008-10-29 BR BRPI0818830-0A patent/BRPI0818830B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-29 US US12/740,516 patent/US8783372B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-29 WO PCT/EP2008/064689 patent/WO2009056574A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-10-29 RU RU2010121896/12A patent/RU2493892C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-29 CA CA2703853A patent/CA2703853C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-29 EP EP20080845284 patent/EP2205325B1/fr active Active
- 2008-10-29 AT AT08845284T patent/ATE546199T1/de active
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2452540C2 (ru) * | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-10 | Владимир Александрович Парамошко | Способ тушения пожара и устройство для его реализации |
US8991511B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2015-03-31 | Airbus Operations S.A.S | Fluid ejection device |
FR2953418A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-10 | Airbus Operations Sas | Dispositif d'ejection d'un fluide |
CN102639194A (zh) * | 2009-12-04 | 2012-08-15 | 空中客车运营简化股份公司 | 流体喷射装置 |
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WO2011067546A1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S) | Dispositif d'éjection d'un fluide |
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US8333247B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2012-12-18 | Hanratty Associates | Hydro-pneumatic extinguisher |
WO2011149892A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Hanratty Associates | Extincteur hydro-pneumatique |
US10159861B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-12-25 | Arianegroup Sas | Method for delivering a liquid pressurised by the combustion gases from at least one pyrotechnic charge |
WO2018060594A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | Arianegroup Sas | Dispositif de distribution d'un materiau pressurise |
FR3056416A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-30 | Airbus Safran Launchers Sas | Dispositif de distribution d'un materiau pressurise |
US11117005B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2021-09-14 | Arianegroup Sas | Device for dispensing a pressurized material |
FR3077989A1 (fr) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-23 | Arianegroup Sas | Extincteur d'incendie |
WO2019162603A1 (fr) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-29 | Arianegroup Sas | Extincteur d'incendie |
US11383112B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2022-07-12 | Arianegroup Sas | Fire extinguisher |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE546199T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
BRPI0818830B1 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
EP2205325A1 (fr) | 2010-07-14 |
US8783372B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CA2703853C (fr) | 2015-11-24 |
US20100230118A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN101909699B (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
BRPI0818830A2 (pt) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2011500242A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
RU2493892C2 (ru) | 2013-09-27 |
CA2703853A1 (fr) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2205325B1 (fr) | 2012-02-22 |
CN101909699A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
RU2010121896A (ru) | 2011-12-10 |
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