WO2009037278A1 - Auf die strassenoberfläche gerichtete lasersensoren zum erfassen der bewegung eines fahrzeugs - Google Patents
Auf die strassenoberfläche gerichtete lasersensoren zum erfassen der bewegung eines fahrzeugs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009037278A1 WO2009037278A1 PCT/EP2008/062354 EP2008062354W WO2009037278A1 WO 2009037278 A1 WO2009037278 A1 WO 2009037278A1 EP 2008062354 W EP2008062354 W EP 2008062354W WO 2009037278 A1 WO2009037278 A1 WO 2009037278A1
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- motor vehicle
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S17/34—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/4912—Receivers
- G01S7/4916—Receivers using self-mixing in the laser cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/60—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/62—Sense-of-movement determination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/932—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles using own vehicle data, e.g. ground speed, steering wheel direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to the detection of a movement of a motor vehicle.
- the invention particularly relates to a sensor device for detecting the state of motion of a motor vehicle.
- the invention relates to a method for detecting the state of motion of a motor vehicle.
- a conventional vehicle dynamics control system generally comprises wheel speed sensors, from the measured values of which the vehicle longitudinal speed is derived, as well as a sensor for detecting the yaw rate of the vehicle and sensors for detecting the lateral acceleration and optionally the longitudinal acceleration.
- DE 10 2004 060 677 A1 discloses an optical device for determining the speed of a motor vehicle, in which images of the vehicle background are recorded in a sequence. Based on a displacement of objects or structural features within the images, the speed of the vehicle is determined. In addition to the longitudinal speed, it is also possible to determine the transverse speed of the motor vehicle, which is often inaccessible to a measurement by means of the vehicle sensor system and constitutes a useful input variable for vehicle dynamics control systems.
- Such a device usually requires additional illumination of the road surface, which increases the cost of integration into a motor vehicle.
- the device is relatively susceptible to contamination of the camera or the lighting device, which occur increasingly due to the mounting position on the underbody of the motor vehicle. This may affect the availability of the device.
- the device only speed components in the road level, but not perpendicular to it can be detected.
- a sensor device for detecting a movement state of a motor vehicle comprises at least one laser unit, which is a light source for emitting coherent light emitted in the direction of a road surface when the sensor device is arranged on the motor vehicle, and having an interference detector, which is designed to detect at least one measured variable, the interference between the see on the surface scattered light and the light of the light source characterized.
- the measured variable represents a speed component of the sensor device and / or a distance between the sensor device and the road surface.
- the laser unit is coupled to an evaluation device, which is designed to determine from the measured variable at least one variable characterizing the state of motion of the vehicle.
- a method for detecting a movement state of a motor vehicle with a sensor device is proposed. The procedure provides that
- coherent light is emitted from a light source of the sensor device in the direction of a road surface
- At least one measured variable is detected, which characterizes an interference between the light scattered on the road surface and the light of the light source, the measured variable is a speed component of the sensor device and / or a distance between the sensor device and the Road surface represents, and
- the invention enables a non-contact determination of the state of motion of the motor vehicle. In this way, a reliable, independent of disturbing influences determination of the state of motion of the vehicle can be achieved. Furthermore, a very accurate determination of the variable characterizing the state of motion of the vehicle is made possible by the optical measuring method.
- the variable characterizing the state of motion of the vehicle may in particular be one or more speed components of the vehicle and / or one or more rotation angles of the vehicle. These may be determined by the distance between the sensor device and the road surface, which is the distance along the light beam measured by the sensor device.
- rotational angular velocities in particular the yaw rate, pitch rate and / or roll rate of the vehicle, can be determined. This can be done by using detected velocity components and / or by time derivative of corresponding angles of rotation.
- the light emitted by the light source in the direction of the road surface is at least partially scattered back to the light source.
- the location of the interference is therefore preferably the light source, in particular a laser resonator of the light source.
- Such interference leads to a change in the operating state of the laser, which can be detected by a detector. This is also known as the silk-mising effect.
- the sensor device comprises at least one sensor cluster with a plurality of laser units, which are coupled to the evaluation device, wherein the laser units emit light in different directions.
- the sensor cluster comprises three laser units.
- three speed components of the sensor device can advantageously be determined and / or three distances between the sensor device and the road surface.
- the three speed components in particular the translational speed of the sensor determine sor worn relative to the roadway in the three spatial directions. If the distance to the road surface is determined by means of the laser units, the position of the sensor device relative to the road surface can be determined therefrom.
- the laser units of the sensor cluster are arranged in a common housing, which can be fastened to an underside of a vehicle body, which faces the road surface during operation of the motor vehicle.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the laser units of the sensor cluster are arranged in a common housing, resulting in a compact and inexpensive construction of the sensor cluster. Furthermore, the sensor cluster in this embodiment can be mounted particularly easily on the vehicle, since not every laser unit needs to be mounted and aligned individually.
- a refinement of the sensor device and of the method is characterized in that the evaluation device is designed to determine a speed component of the sensor cluster from the measured variables detected by the laser units of the sensor cluster and to determine at least one speed component of the motor vehicle based on the determined speed components.
- the speed component of the motor vehicle may be a speed component of the vehicle center of gravity, which is particularly suitable for characterizing the driving dynamic state of the motor vehicle.
- the vehicle longitudinal speed and / or the vehicle lateral speed can be determined relative to the vehicle center of gravity.
- the movement at a point of the motor vehicle in particular the movement of the sensor device, can be broken down into the translation speed of the vehicle center of gravity and a rotational movement of the relevant point relative to the vehicle center of gravity, which can be described by the rotational rates of the vehicle or the vehicle body.
- the yaw rates of the vehicle include a yaw rate that characterizes the rotational speed about the vehicle's vertical axis, a roll rate that characterizes a rotational speed about the vehicle longitudinal axis, and a pitch rate that characterizes the rotational speed about the vehicle lateral axis.
- at least one yaw rate is used in order to determine the speed of the vehicle center of gravity on the basis of the ascertained speed components of the sensor cluster.
- an embodiment of the sensor device and of the method provides that the evaluation device is designed to use at least one yaw rate of the motor vehicle when determining the speed component of the motor vehicle.
- An embodiment of the invention which in particular enables the determination of at least one speed component of the motor vehicle, includes that the evaluation device is designed to determine at least one speed component of the motor vehicle from the measured variable detected in the sensor clusters and the first yaw rate detected by the device to determine a second rotation rate.
- a device for determining a yaw rate is advantageously used to determine a component of the vehicle speed and / or a further yaw rate of the vehicle.
- the state of motion of the motor vehicle including one or more speed components (n) and at least two yaw rates can be determined.
- An associated embodiment of the sensor device and of the method is characterized in that the device for determining the rotation rate is a yaw rate sensor, in particular a yaw rate sensor.
- the rotation rate sensor is designed, for example, as a micromechanical rotation rate sensor.
- the yaw rate is a particularly important quantity for characterizing the driving dynamic state of the motor vehicle, in particular with regard to the stability of the driving state. Therefore, the yaw rate is measured directly in this embodiment, while in particular a further rotation rate, such as the roll rate, can be calculated from the determined measured variables.
- the sensor device comprises three sensor clusters coupled to the evaluation device, wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine at least one speed component of the motor vehicle and / or at least one rotation rate of the vehicle from the measured variables determined using the three sensor clusters.
- an embodiment of the sensor device and of the method comprises a first sensor cluster with a plurality of-in particular three-laser units, wherein the frequencies of the light emitted by the laser units can be modulated according to a modulation scheme such that a distance can be determined in the evaluation device from the detected measured variable, wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine from the determined distances at least one angle of rotation and / or at least one rate of turn of the vehicle.
- this embodiment makes use of the possibility of determining the position of the sensor cluster relative to the roadway or a rotational angle of the vehicle body relative to the roadway from the distances determined by means of the laser units of the first sensor cluster. From the angle of rotation can also calculate the corresponding rate of rotation, which can also be determined in this embodiment. The calculation of the rate of rotation is done in particular by deriving the angle of rotation after the time.
- An associated embodiment of the sensor device and of the method is characterized in that the frequencies of the light emitted by the laser units can be modulated according to a modulation scheme such that a velocity component of the first sensor cluster can be determined from the detected measured variable in each case in addition to the distance.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that in addition to the distances between the sensor cluster and the road surface, speed components of the sensor device relative to the road surface can be determined. This can be achieved by a suitable modulation scheme.
- a further connected embodiment of the sensor device and of the method includes that the evaluation device is designed to determine at least one speed component of the motor vehicle from the speed components determined by the first sensor cluster and the rotation rate.
- the accuracy in determining the center of gravity speed can be improved by considering at least one additional yaw rate. For this reason, it is provided in an embodiment of the sensor device and the method that the evaluation device is designed to determine the speed component of the motor vehicle. zeugs to use another yaw rate, which is determined by means of a rotation rate sensor.
- the yaw rate may be, in particular, the yaw rate of the vehicle.
- the rotation rate sensor is designed in this case as a yaw rate sensor.
- An alternative embodiment dispenses with the use of an additional yaw rate sensor, which operates on a different measuring principle than the laser units of the sensor device.
- This embodiment comprises a second sensor cluster connected to the evaluation device, wherein velocity components of the second sensor cluster can be determined from the measured variable detected in the second sensor cluster, wherein the evaluation device is designed to supply at least one further rotation rate of the vehicle from the ascertained velocity components of the first and second sensor cluster determine and use the further yaw rate to determine the speed component of the motor vehicle.
- the invention also provides a motor vehicle that includes a sensor device of the type described above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with a sensor device according to the invention in a vertical section
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with a sensor device according to the invention in a horizontal section
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation for illustrating the functional principle of a sensor device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with three sensor clusters in a horizontal section
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with two sensor clusters in a horizontal section
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a sensor cluster in an embodiment that allows a distance measurement
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram with a basic representation of the time profile of a modulated frequency of the light emitted by a laser unit
- 9 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with a sensor cluster and a yaw rate sensor and 10 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with two sensor clusters in a further embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a motor vehicle 101 which is equipped with a sensor cluster 102 which is connected to an evaluation device 110 arranged in the vehicle 101.
- the motor vehicle 101 includes a body 105 and wheels 106.
- the motor vehicle 101 may be, for example, a passenger car or a truck with any number of axles and wheels 106.
- the evaluation device 110 is an electronic processing unit which has a microprocessor for performing calculations and has a nonvolatile memory in which algorithms and parameters for carrying out the calculations are stored.
- the sensor cluster 102 is arranged on the underbody of the body 105 and comprises three laser units 108a, b, c, of which only one laser unit 108a is shown in FIG.
- the measuring light beam 103a, b, c is focused and focused on a point of the road 104 or at a point near the road surface 104.
- the measurement light beam 103a, b, c of a laser unit 108a, b, c is formed by coherent light and generated, for example, in a semiconductor laser, which in one embodiment can be configured as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
- VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting laser
- the light is preferably in an invisible, in particular in the infrared spectral range, so that the measuring light beams 103a, b, c are not visible and road users can not be irritated. Alternatively, however, light can also be generated in another spectral range.
- the laser units 108a, b, c of the sensor cluster 102 are arranged so that their measuring light beams 103a, b, c have different directions. In an exemplary configuration guration, the measuring light beams 103a, b, c close the same angle ⁇ ; with the underbody of the vehicle, however, their projections on the vehicle underbody have different angles ⁇ ; to the vehicle longitudinal direction, as shown schematically in Figure 2. Of course, other configurations are also possible.
- the basic mode of operation of the laser units 108a, b, c is illustrated by way of example with reference to FIG. 3 for a laser unit 108i, which stands by way of example for all laser units 108a, b, c of the sensor cluster 102.
- the laser unit 108i comprises a resonator 301 of length L, which is bounded by a front semitransparent mirror 302 and a rear semitransparent mirror 303.
- the measurement light beam 103i is formed by light that exits from the resonator 301 in the direction of the road surface 104 through the front mirror 302.
- the length of the distance which the measurement light beam 103 travels between the resonator 301 or the front mirror 302 and the road surface 104 is denoted by L 0 .
- the measuring light beam 103 is scattered. A portion of the scattered light is reflected back as scattered light beam 305 in opposite directions to the measurement light beam 103i. Due to the optical devices 107i, the scattered light beam 305 enters the resonator 301 and interferes there with the light amplified in the resonator 301.
- the scattered light beam 305 undergoes a Doppler shift. This is a change in the frequency of the light or the wavelength as a function of the said velocity component v L ⁇ . Due to the feedback of the scattered light beam 305 in the resonator 301 occurs within the resonator 301 on a SeIf-M ixing effect. This means that there is a modulation of the laser gain whose frequency depends on the Doppler shift of the scattered light beam 305 and thus also on the written speed component.
- the temporal change Ag of the laser gain as a function of the velocity component v Ll of the relative movement between the resonator 301 and the road surface 104 in the direction of the measuring light beam 103i is described by the following equation:
- K denotes a laser-specific coupling coefficient having a value between zero and one, / 0 the frequency of the light emitted from the laser unit 108i, c the speed of light, and t the time. Equation (1) results, for example, from the theory of the SeIf-M ixing effect in MH Kopeck et al., "Laser Doppler velocimeter based on the self-mixing effect in a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser: theory", Applied Optics , Vol. 31, 1992, pages 3401-3408.
- the periodic modulation of the laser gain results in a corresponding periodic modulation of the intensity of the light emitted by the resonator 301. From the frequency with which the measured intensity changes periodically, the velocity component v Ll can be determined.
- the photodiode 306 is provided, which detects light emerging from the resonator 301 through the rear mirror 303. Usually, such a diode 306 is used for keeping constant or regulating the intensity of the laser light and is therefore usually already part of the equipment of commercially available laser diodes.
- the photodiode 306 is connected to the evaluation device 110, which determines the frequency of the intensity changes from the time course of the measured intensity and determines the velocity component v L ⁇ 1 based on this frequency.
- the sensor coordinate system 401 is a rectangular coordinate system whose origin coincides with the mounting location of the sensor cluster 102 at a measurement time.
- the sensor coordinate system 401 is thus a spatially fixed coordinate system that is initialized vehicle-fixed at the measurement time.
- the center of gravity system 402 of the vehicle 101 also shows the center of gravity system 402 of the vehicle 101, the origin of which is initialized in the vehicle center of gravity CM at the time of measurement.
- the sensor coordinate system 401 shows the Xv axis of the focus system 402 in the vehicle longitudinal direction to the front, the yv-axis in the vehicle transverse direction to the left, and the z-axis v in the vehicle vertical direction upwards.
- the center of gravity system 402 is thus shifted and rotated relative to the sensor coordinate system 401 along the connecting line between the sensor cluster 102 and the vehicle center of gravity CM.
- the directions H 1 of the measuring light beams 103 a, b, c of the sensor cluster 102 can be represented by the angles ⁇ ; and ⁇ ; are given, resulting from the fixed mounting position of the sensor cluster 102 and can be stored as parameters in the non-volatile memory of the evaluation device 110 and are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
- x denotes the connection vector, starting from the sensor cluster 102 to the vehicle center of gravity CM.
- the components of the connection vector x between the sensor cluster 102 and the vehicle center of gravity CM are stored as parameters in the non-volatile memory of the evaluation device 110, after having previously been for a typical load state of the vehicle 101 have been determined. Changes in the position of the center of gravity CM due to a change in loading are neglected in this embodiment.
- the quantity ⁇ [d $ / dt, d ⁇ / dt denotes the angular velocity of the vehicle 101, the components of which are the roll rate d $ / dt of the vehicle 101, the pitch rate d ⁇ / dt of the vehicle 101, and the yaw rate of the vehicle 101.
- the driving-dynamic state of the vehicle 101 is characterized by speed components, in particular a vehicle longitudinal speed v C h M x and a vehicle lateral speed v C h M y , which are related to a horizontal system.
- This is a coordinate system whose xy plane is parallel to the roadway plane or lies in the roadway plane.
- a horizontal system is used whose origin is initialized at the time of observation perpendicular to the center of gravity CM of the vehicle 101 in the roadway plane.
- the x-axis extends in the roadway plane along the vehicle longitudinal direction to the front, the y-axis runs in the road surface 104 along the vehicle transverse direction to the left, the z-axis is perpendicular to the road surface 104 along the vehicle vertical direction upwards.
- the following relationship exists between the centroid velocity v CM with respect to the centroid system 402 and the center-of-gravity velocity V CM ⁇ v c M, x> v c M, y> v c M, z ):
- the matrix S y ( ⁇ ) describes a rotation about the instantaneous y-axis about the pitch angle ⁇ and the matrix S x ( ⁇ ) a rotation about the instantaneous x-axis about the roll angle ⁇ , and the following applies:
- the arrangement is also chosen such that the sensor cluster 102a, b, c are not arranged on a straight line and preferably not in a plane.
- the following equation applies, which is used for the evaluation, for example from equation (4) can be obtained:
- first two or three values for the center of gravity velocity v CM can by using the for the other sensor cluster 102a, b, c determined velocity are determined V 1, and the center of gravity velocity v CM can be derived from the individual values. This increases the accuracy of the speed determination and allows a plausibility check, in which the three determined values are compared with each other in order to determine a faulty measurement at too large intervals.
- the evaluation device 110 determines, based on equation (5), the vehicle longitudinal velocity v C h M x and the vehicle lateral velocity v C h M y and, if appropriate, the vertical velocity v C h M z of the vehicle center of gravity CM in the top-up System.
- Output signals of the evaluation device 110 connected to the three sensor clusters 102a, b, c are, for example, the components of the translational velocity v CM of the center of gravity of the vehicle in the center of gravity system 402 which, during slight rolling and pitching movements of the vehicle 101, are good approximation values for the translation velocity v C h M im leveled system. If a determination of the rotation angle of the vehicle 101 is provided by integration of the rotation rates, the evaluating device 110 can also output the speed v C h M in the horizontal system as the output variable. Further output variables represent the three determined rotation rates of the vehicle 101.
- a further embodiment which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 6, differs from the previously described embodiment in that, instead of three sensor clusters 102a, b, c, only two sensor clusters 102a, b are used, which are mounted at a distance from one another on the underside of the vehicle body 105 , In addition, however, a yaw rate sensor 601 is provided whose measurement signals of the evaluation device 110 in addition to the Measuring signals of the sensor cluster 102a, b are fed so that a rate of rotation of the vehicle 101 is measured directly.
- the evaluation device 110 uses the velocities v a and v b determined for a sensor cluster 102 a, b or both sensor clusters 102 a, b to determine the translation speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM in relation to the center of gravity system 402 analogously to the previous one Embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle 101 can also be determined by temporally integrating the roll rate and the pitch rate.
- the rotation rate sensor 601 is preferably a yaw rate sensor, since the yaw rate has the greatest influence on the driving dynamics and therefore a direct measurement of the yaw rate independent of other variables is advantageous.
- the yaw rate usually serves as an input variable of vehicle dynamics control systems, so that it is also advantageous to measure this variable directly.
- a roll rate sensor or a pitch rate sensor may also be used instead of the yaw rate sensor.
- the rotation rate sensor used can be configured in a manner known per se to a person skilled in the art, in particular as a micromechanical rotation rate sensor known per se.
- Output signals of the evaluation device 110 are in this embodiment, for example, the components of the translation speed v CM of Vehicle center of gravity in the center of gravity system 402 or - if a determination of the rotation angle of the vehicle 101 by integrating the rotation rate is provided - translational speed v C h M in the horizontal system. Further output variables are the two rotation rates of the vehicle 101, which are not measured directly by means of the rotation rate sensor 601. When using a yaw rate sensor, these are the roll rate and the pitch rate of the vehicle 101.
- a sensor configuration including a velocity cluster 102 and yaw rate sensor 601 may also be used to approximate the aforementioned magnitudes.
- This sensor configuration is shown schematically in FIG. 6a.
- the rotation rate sensor 601 is preferably a yaw rate sensor for the reasons already mentioned above.
- the motor vehicle 101 is equipped with a sensor cluster 102 and a yaw rate sensor whose measurement signals are supplied to the evaluation device in addition to the measurement signals of the sensor cluster 102 as input signals. From the measurement signals of the sensor cluster 102, the evaluation device 110 determines the velocity v of the sensor cluster. Then, using the yaw rate dy / dt, an approximate value for the translation speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM is determined. This happens according to the relationship
- the quantity x here denotes the x component of the vector x in the sensor coordinate system 401, ie the distance of the vehicle center of gravity CM measured by the sensor cluster 102 in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the variable y denotes the y components of the vector x in the sensor coordinate system 401, ie the distance measured in the vehicle transverse direction Distance of the vehicle center of gravity CM from the sensor cluster 102.
- the output signals of the evaluation device 110 comprise the components of the approximated translation speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM in the center of gravity system 402, which are also used as approximations for the components of the center point velocity v C h M in the hoisted system can be.
- the sensor cluster 102 can also be mounted in the center of gravity CM of the vehicle 101 or vertically below the center of gravity CM of the vehicle 101. In this case, neglecting pitching and rolling motions of the vehicle 101, the translational speeds can be measured directly, and no rotational components need be taken into account.
- the vehicle 101 can be equipped in addition to the yaw rate sensor with a roll rate sensor and / or with a pitch rate sensor, so that in addition to the yaw rate further rotation rates can be measured and taken into account in the calculation of the translation speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM.
- the corresponding rotation angles can also be determined and used to determine the vehicle speed v C h M in the raised system from the speed v CM in the center of gravity system 402 so that the components of the vehicle speed v c h M can be output in the raised system.
- a sensor cluster 102 of the type described above is also used.
- a device with which the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body 105 are determined.
- displacement sensors can be provided on spring elements of a chassis of the vehicle 101, which support the vehicle body 105 relative to the wheels 106.
- the displacement sensors are in each case assigned to a spring element and measure the distance by which the body 105 presses against the corresponding spring element.
- at least three displacement sensors are provided on each vehicle wheel 106 in order to determine the variables mentioned in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- a fourth displacement sensor allows a redundant determination of the sizes, so that a more accurate determination is possible.
- the evaluation device 110 determines the roll angle and the pitch angle of the vehicle 101 from the spring paths measured by the displacement sensors. Furthermore, the roll rate and the pitch rate can be determined in the evaluation device 110 by time derivation of the roll angle and the pitch angle of the vehicle 101. These are then used to determine from the determined speed v of the sensor cluster 102 the translation speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM using the relationship (4). On the basis of the determined roll angle and the determined pitch angle, the vehicle speed v C h M can be calculated in the horizontal system. Output signals of the evaluation device 110 thus represent in this embodiment the components of the vehicle speed v C h M in the horizontal system, the rotation rates of the vehicle 101 and possibly the rotation angles of the vehicle 101.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides for the use of a sensor cluster 701 which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 7 and which is modified in comparison with the previously described clusters in order not only to measure the velocity components in the direction of the measuring light beams 703 a, b, c but also the distances. conditions which cover the measuring light beams 703 a, b, c between the sensor cluster 701 and the road surface 104.
- the modified cluster 701 is referred to below as the distance cluster, while the previously described sensor cluster 102 for speed measurement for the purpose of defining the distance cluster is referred to below as the velocity cluster.
- the space cluster 701 is mounted to the underbody of the vehicle body 105.
- the laser units 702 a, b, c which are connected to an evaluation device 704 and emit measuring light beams 703 a, b, c in different directions, which are reflected on the roadway surface 104.
- the laser units 703a, b, c of the distance cluster 701 can in principle be configured as the laser units 108a, bc of the velocity cluster.
- the frequency of the light emitted by the laser units 702a, b, c is variable. The change is preferably brought about by a change in the current flowing through the laser diodes, which is carried out by means of a control device 705.
- the distance cluster 701 As with the speed cluster 102, in the distance cluster 701, light emitted from a laser unit 702i is scattered on the road surface 104 and partially reflected back to the laser unit 702i. The back-reflected light is fed back into the resonator of the corresponding laser unit 702i and interferes in the resonator of the laser unit 702i with the light generated there. This leads to the occurrence of a Sei ming effect in the resonator, which leads to a modulation of the intensity of the light emitted by the laser diode, which is detected by a photodiode.
- the modulation of the current of the photodiode has a frequency which corresponds to the difference between the frequencies of the back-reflected laser light and the laser light in the resonator, provided that this difference frequency can be resolved by the photodiode.
- the frequency of the emitted laser light is modulated according to the FMCW principle known per se (FMCW: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave).
- FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
- the frequency is modulated by a corresponding change in the current flowing through the laser diode by means of the control device 705.
- a linear modulation according to a triangular function is provided, as shown schematically in the diagram in FIG. 8 by the solid line. In the diagram, the frequency / is plotted against the time t.
- the frequency of the reflected-back signal whose time profile is shown in the diagram in FIG. 8 with the dashed line is shifted.
- both parts of the frequency shift can be determined by an evaluation of the difference frequency during increasing frequency and decreasing frequency. It applies here:
- f Hub denotes the frequency deviation, ie, the difference between the minimum and the maximum of the modulated frequency, and T the period of the frequency modulation.
- a distance cluster 701 may be used to determine these quantities instead of a single sensor cluster, with which the distances d L ⁇ are detected, and a separate velocity cluster 102 of the type described above is used to determine the speeds v Ll .
- the distance cluster 701 and the velocity cluster 102 may be integrated in a common housing in this embodiment.
- both sensor clusters 701, 102 may have a common evaluation device 704.
- the distance determined using a laser unit 702i of the distance cluster 701 corresponds to the amount of a connection vector d L ⁇ between the distance cluster 701 and the point of the road surface 104 at which the corresponding measuring light beam 703a, b, c impinges.
- the three connection vectors d La , d Lb and d Lc span a plane which corresponds to the road plane.
- the evaluation device 704 can determine, in particular from the determined distances d La , d Lb and d Lc , the rotational angles between the xy plane of the sensor coordinate system 401 and the road plane. These angles of rotation correspond to the roll angle and the pitch angle of the vehicle body 105, since the track plane is aligned parallel to the xy plane of the horizontal coordinate system.
- a normal unit vector of the plane spanned by the measuring light beams 703a, b, c can be determined.
- Such a normal unit vector is obtained by using the vector product, for example, j j (1 5) where ⁇ denotes the absolute amount.
- the vector equation (16) includes a system of equations for the determination of the roll angle ⁇ and the pitch angle ⁇ of the vehicle body 105.
- Equation (18) the x-component of H is to be used in the physical unit in which the standardization for H has been carried out, which may for example have been done in centimeters or meters.
- the roll rate and the pitch rate of the vehicle 101 are calculated by time derivation of the roll angle and the pitch angle.
- knowledge of the yaw rate of the vehicle 101 is required in addition to the roll rate and the pitch rate. This is detected by means of a yaw rate sensor 901 in one embodiment, which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 9 on the basis of a block diagram. In a further embodiment, which is shown in a schematic block diagram in FIG.
- a further sensor cluster is used, which is mounted at a distance from the distance cluster on the underbody of the vehicle body 105.
- the additionally used sensor cluster can be a further distance cluster 701 b or a speed cluster 102.
- the speed of this sensor cluster is determined so that there are two speeds: the velocity v La of the distance cluster 701 and the velocity v Lb of the additional sensor cluster.
- the yaw rate from the relationship can be derived from these two equations in the manner already described above
- the evaluation device 704 Based on the roll rate, the pitch rate and the yaw rate, the evaluation device 704 then calculates from the distance cluster 102 determined by the distance cluster 102. speed v La and / or the speed v Lb determined by means of the additional sensor cluster, the speed v CM of the vehicle center of gravity CM using the relationship (4). On the basis of the roll angle determined by means of the distance cluster 701 and the determined pitch angle, the vehicle speed v C h M in the horizontal system in the evaluation device 704 can be calculated in a further step from the speed v CM . Output signals of the evaluation device 704 thus represent in this embodiment the components of the vehicle speed V C h M in the horizontal system, the rotation rates of the vehicle 101 and, if appropriate, the angles of rotation of the vehicle 101.
- the vehicle speed v C h M in the centered system can be determined by the evaluation device 110, 704 or the speed v CM of the vehicle 101 in the center of gravity system 402 is determined to be approximately the speed v C h M im equals the horizontal coordinate system.
- the determined speed components may be used directly by other systems of the vehicle 101, such as driver information systems or control systems, such as vehicle dynamics control.
- further driving dynamics variables can be derived, which can be used in other vehicle systems.
- the lateral acceleration of the vehicle 101 can be calculated from the vehicle lateral velocity v C h M y by time derivation, so that no additional lateral acceleration sensor is required, which is a conventional component of conventional vehicle dynamics control systems.
- the float angle ⁇ of the vehicle 101 can be determined, for which the following applies:
- the slip angle is particularly well suited for characterizing the driving state, especially in critical driving situations, and can therefore For example, be used by vehicle dynamics control to stabilize the vehicle 101.
- vehicle dynamics control to stabilize the vehicle 101.
- the slip angle can not be determined reliably, so that the implementation of vehicle dynamics controls can be significantly improved by the present invention due to the provision of the slip angle.
- the yaw rate and roll rate as well as the pitch rate of the vehicle 101 may be determined. These quantities can also be made available to further devices of the vehicle 101.
- driving dynamics regulations may be mentioned by way of example, in whose control algorithms these variables can be incorporated, or chassis regulations and other driver assistance and passive safety systems which compensate, for example, roll and / or pitch movements of the vehicle body 105.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2010002663A MX2010002663A (es) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Sensores laser dirigidos hacia la superficie de camino para detectar el movimiento de un automovil. |
EP08804307A EP2193390A1 (de) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Auf die strassenoberfläche gerichtete lasersensoren zum erfassen der bewegung eines fahrzeugs |
US12/678,403 US8363211B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Sensor device and method for detecting the motion of a vehicle |
JP2010525334A JP2011511262A (ja) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | 車両の動作を検知するためのセンサ装置および方法 |
CN200880107727A CN101842719A (zh) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | 用于检测车辆运动的指向道路表面的激光传感器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007044722 | 2007-09-18 | ||
DE102007044722.3 | 2007-09-18 | ||
DE102008011194.5 | 2008-02-26 | ||
DE102008011194 | 2008-02-26 | ||
DE102008015863 | 2008-03-26 | ||
DE102008015863.1 | 2008-03-26 | ||
DE102008038615.4 | 2008-08-12 | ||
DE102008038615A DE102008038615A1 (de) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-08-12 | Sensoreinrichtung und Verfahren zum Erfassen der Bewegung eines Fahrzeugs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009037278A1 true WO2009037278A1 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
Family
ID=40348768
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2008/062354 WO2009037278A1 (de) | 2007-09-18 | 2008-09-17 | Auf die strassenoberfläche gerichtete lasersensoren zum erfassen der bewegung eines fahrzeugs |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8363211B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2193390A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011511262A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20100089825A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101842719A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008038615A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009037278A1 (de) |
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WO2010084448A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-29 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method for adjusting a self mixing laser sensor system for measuring the velocity of a vehicle |
WO2010125492A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A laser diode based multiple-beam laser spot imaging system for characterization of vehicle dynamics |
KR20120008530A (ko) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-01-30 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 차량 전자식 안정성 프로그램을 위한 레이저 다이오드 기반 자체 혼합 센서 |
JP2013545098A (ja) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-12-19 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 速度決定装置 |
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DE102009020277A1 (de) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Verfahren zur Richtungs-, Geschwindigkeits- und/oder Neigungsmessung eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102010038541A1 (de) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-02 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Sensoranordnung zur Erfassung des Federwegs in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
JP2012194169A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Hyundai Mobis Co Ltd | 車両レーダーのアライメント方法及びシステム |
US9417151B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2016-08-16 | The Boeing Company | Center of gravity determination |
DE102011121822A1 (de) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Wabco Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Bestimmen der Einbaulage eines Sensormoduls in einem Fahrzeug sowie Fahrzeug mit einer derartigen Einrichtung |
DE102011089520A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Erkennung und Behebung von Problemen im Zusammenhang mit einer Fahrzeugbeladung |
JP5710029B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-10 | 2015-04-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 移動距離計測装置 |
WO2015161892A1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-29 | Statoil Petroleum As | Optical underwater navigation |
JP6609970B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-02 | 2019-11-27 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 周辺監視装置 |
EP3422147A1 (de) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-02 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Anzeigevorrichtung für computergestützte realität |
US10919473B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2021-02-16 | Corning Incorporated | Sensing system and glass material for vehicles |
CN111278683B (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-05-09 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于交通工具的感测系统和玻璃材料 |
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US11235768B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2022-02-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Detection of vehicle operating conditions |
CN115236627B (zh) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-16 | 深圳安智杰科技有限公司 | 一种基于多帧多普勒速度扩维的毫米波雷达数据聚类方法 |
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- 2008-09-17 JP JP2010525334A patent/JP2011511262A/ja active Pending
- 2008-09-17 EP EP08804307A patent/EP2193390A1/de active Pending
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- 2008-09-17 KR KR1020107008260A patent/KR20100089825A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-09-17 US US12/678,403 patent/US8363211B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2012515894A (ja) * | 2009-01-20 | 2012-07-12 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 車両の速度を測定する自己混合レーザセンサシステムを調整する方法 |
WO2010084448A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-29 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method for adjusting a self mixing laser sensor system for measuring the velocity of a vehicle |
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KR101734354B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-29 | 2017-05-11 | 코닌클리케 필립스 엔.브이. | 차량 동역학의 특징화를 위한 레이저 다이오드 기반 다중 빔 레이저 스폿 이미징 시스템 |
CN102422165A (zh) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-04-18 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 表征车辆动态的基于激光二极管的多光束激光点成像系统 |
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KR20120008530A (ko) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-01-30 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 차량 전자식 안정성 프로그램을 위한 레이저 다이오드 기반 자체 혼합 센서 |
KR101686646B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-29 | 2016-12-28 | 코닌클리케 필립스 엔.브이. | 차량 전자식 안정성 프로그램을 위한 레이저 다이오드 기반 자체 혼합 센서 |
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JP2013545098A (ja) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-12-19 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 速度決定装置 |
TWI595251B (zh) * | 2010-11-03 | 2017-08-11 | 皇家飛利浦電子股份有限公司 | 速度測定裝置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20100290030A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
DE102008038615A1 (de) | 2009-03-19 |
EP2193390A1 (de) | 2010-06-09 |
JP2011511262A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
US8363211B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
KR20100089825A (ko) | 2010-08-12 |
CN101842719A (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
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