WO2009024809A1 - Insert de siège de soupape et son procédé de production - Google Patents

Insert de siège de soupape et son procédé de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009024809A1
WO2009024809A1 PCT/GB2008/050632 GB2008050632W WO2009024809A1 WO 2009024809 A1 WO2009024809 A1 WO 2009024809A1 GB 2008050632 W GB2008050632 W GB 2008050632W WO 2009024809 A1 WO2009024809 A1 WO 2009024809A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
valve seat
balance
incidental impurities
mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/050632
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English (en)
Inventor
Paritosh Maulik
Iain Whitaker
Original Assignee
Federal-Mogul Sintered Products Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Federal-Mogul Sintered Products Limited filed Critical Federal-Mogul Sintered Products Limited
Publication of WO2009024809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009024809A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26—Impregnating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a valve seat insert, and more specifically to the use of a pre- alloyed powder, optionally combined with, among other things, iron powder in the manufacture of valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
  • Powder metallurgy is widely practised, and almost universal in the manufacture of valve seats.
  • a significant body of prior art already exists in this field, and a description of some of the more relevant art is provided below.
  • valve seat insert consisting of a ferrous-based material having a matrix comprising a pressed and sintered powder, the metallurgical structure of the matrix comprising tempered martensite containing spheroidal alloy carbides, bainite and ferrite, the powder having been pressed to greater than 80% of the theoretical density from a mixture including two different ferrous based powders. This mixture includes between
  • M3/2 high speed tool steel which is employed in the above example
  • compaction of a mixture of M3/2 tool steel powder and iron powder, or indeed M3/2 powder alone, followed by a standard sintering process gives rise to an entirely satisfactory valve seat.
  • GB2210894 to Fellgett and Lane discloses sintered ferrous materials having a composition expressed in wt% lying within the ranges: C 0.4-1 .5/W 2-4/Mo 1 .5-4/V 2- 4/Cr 2.5-5/others 3 max/Fe balance, such being an example of a diluted form of M3/2 steel. Also, up to 1% S may be present, with or without 4-6% Copper.
  • the primary disadvantage of the use of M3/2 high speed steel powder is its relative cost, certainly as regards elemental iron powder.
  • a number of different alternative compositions have been proposed, in particular compositions which include carbides, or carbide forming elements in conjunction with elemental C.
  • Examples include GB2087436 to Cadle and Smith which discloses a sintered alloy formed by compacting and sintering a mixture of a powder containing 0.1 -0.9% carbon, 8-18% chromium and, optionally, 0-1 % manganese, 0-1 % molybdenum, 0-1 % silicon, 0- 0.1 % phosphorus, 0-0.1 % sulphur, 0-2.5% nickel, balance iron and 1 % to 10%, by weight of a powder lubricant which remains solid at the sintering temperature of the mixture.
  • the lubricant is MoS 2 or CuS 2 , such being typical.
  • EP480495 to Purnell and Maulik discloses sintered materials, such as piston rings and valve seat inserts, and a method for their manufacture wherein the sintered material comprises a porous matrix with a composition lying in the range expressed in wt% of 8 to 12 chromium, 0.5 to 3 molybdenum, up to 1.5 vanadium, 0.2 to 1 .5 carbon, other impurities 2 max., up to 1 manganese sulphide, optionally up to 5 molybdenum disulphide, balance iron, the matrix having a uniform dispersion of submicroscopic particles of molybdenum rich carbides which render the material resistant to thermal softening.
  • the hardenability of the material is enhanced by pre-alloying rather than elemental addition of Mo and/or V.
  • Elemental Mo addition according to GB2087436, only undergoes partial dissolution and its effects on the hardening process are somewhat limited.
  • a further example is found in EP946775 to Maulik which discloses a powder mixture suitable for use in a compaction and sintering process may comprise three constituents.
  • the first constituent is substantially carbon-free and is formed by one or more alloyed powders and has a composition lying in the range expressed in % by weight: 8 to 12 chromium, 0.5 to 3 molybdenum, optionally up to a total of 10 of at least one metal selected from vanadium, cobalt and tungsten, a maximum of 2 of other materials including impurities, and the balance iron.
  • the second constituent is formed by sufficient carbon powder to bring the total carbon content of the mixture to 1 .5 to 3.0% by weight.
  • the third constituent is formed by sufficient ferro-phosphorus powder to bring the total phosphorus content of the mixture to 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
  • This high density Fe-Cr alloy (around 7.4Mg rr ⁇ 3 ) is achieved without copper infiltration.
  • the microstructure consists of relatively coarse carbides in a tempered martensitic matrix, and this gives rise to material having high rolling contact fatigue resistance.
  • the first alloy powder consists of, in weight percentages, 14 to 30 chromium, 1 to 5 molybdenum, 0 to 5 vanadium, 0 to 6 tungsten, the total of molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten being at least 3, a total of 0 to 5 of other strong carbide forming elements, 0 to 1.5 silicon, carbon with a minimum level sufficient to form carbides with substantially all of the molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, and any other strong carbide forming elements present, and a balance which is iron and incidental impurities.
  • the second alloy powder is an austenitic stainless steel. Coarse carbides are present in this material, which does not significantly respond to heat treatment, and is primarily suitable for low load, high temperature applications.
  • a further example includes US6679932 which discloses a ferrous sintered valve seat material made of mixed powders comprising a sinter-hardenable phase and a finely dispersed carbide phase.
  • the powder mixture comprises a sinter-hardening prealloyed powder forming 75 to 90 wt. % of the mixture and a tool steel (M3/2 type or S6-5-2 type) powder with finely dispersed carbides forming 5 to 25% of the mixture.
  • Machinability additives of MnS, CaF 2 or MoS 2 types are added in an amount of 1 to 5 wt. %. Improved thermal conductivity is obtained by infiltrating the compact with Cu or Cu alloy up to 25 wt.%.
  • GB2298869 discloses articles produced by a PM process involving forming of a shape by conventional single press compaction followed by sintering without the application of external pressure from a high Cr-Fe base alloy powder produced by rapid atomisation followed by an annealing treatment.
  • the powder consists essentially of, in weight percent, chromium 14 to 30, molybdenum 1 to 5, vanadium 0 to 5, tungsten 0 to 6, silicon 0 to 1 .5, carbon minimum as specified below to one fifth chromium content minus 2, other strong carbide forming elements (eg Nb, Ta, Ti) totalling together 0 to 5, the total of Mo, V and W being at least 3, the balance being iron including incidental impurities; the alloy powder (including any addition of free graphite powder mixed therewith before sintering) having a sufficient carbon content to form carbides with all the Mo, V, W and other strong carbide forming elements present; the articles consisting of a distribution of carbides embedded in a substantially ferritic matrix containing at least 12% by weight of chromium in solution, and which articles do not require further heat treatment.
  • a valve seat made by a method comprising the steps of: a) making a powder mixture comprising at least 10 wt.% of a water atomised vacuum annealed high alloy powder A, the remainder of the mixture consisting of: optionally iron powder or a low alloy steel powder one or more conventional machinability aids, solid lubricants, sintering enhancers hard particles up to a level of 30wt.% of the total powder mixture,
  • said powder A comprising 15 - 30 wt.% Cr, 0.5-5wt.% of at least one of Mo, V, W and Nb, and 0.5 -2wt.% C with the balance being Fe, one or more optional other alloying elements, and incidental impurities, and wherein said powder A comprises large chromium carbides in a Cr containing matrix ;
  • powder A further comprises up to 2wt.% Si.
  • low-alloy steel is meant less than 5wt.% of alloying elements in combination with Fe and incidental impurities.
  • powder A may be termed a high alloy powder, having alloying elements (particularly Cr) present in amount greater than 5wt.%.
  • Typical machinability aids include sulphides such as MnS or MoS 2 .
  • Typical sintering enhancers include phosphorous alloys of iron and/or copper or boron alloys of iron or chromium.
  • Typical hard-phase particles include ferro-molybdenum or ferro-chrome hard particles, and others as are disclosed in GB2440737 and WO 2008/017848 in the name of applicant herefor. These applications disclose a hard-phase consisting of at least 30wt.% Fe, with at least some of each of the following elements, the weight% being chosen from the following ranges such that together with the wt.% Fe, the total is 100%: 1 -3% C; 20-35% Cr; 2-22% Co; 2-15% Ni; 8-25% W.
  • Such hard phase particles of aforesaid or other compositions are typically produced as pre-alloyed particles by oil, gas, air or water atomisation, without any further heat treatment (annealing).
  • ferro-molybdenum or ferro-chrome hard particles or other hard particles may be added as crushed powder rather than atomised powder.
  • the hard phase composition also includes one or more of the following elements in greater than trace amounts, but not totalling any more than 5wt.% of all such elements: V, Ti, Cu.
  • powder A is a water atomised, vacuum annealed, high alloy powder. The annealing process is sufficient for production of large carbide particles within a chromium containing matrix.
  • the matrix typically contains less than 10 wt% of chromium.
  • the amount of Cr in the powder A is in the narrower range of 18 - 25wt%.
  • alloying elements in powder A are Ti and Ta.
  • powder A comprises 20-25wt.% Cr, 1 -2wt.% C, 1 -2wt.% Mo, 0.5-3wt.% V, 0-1wt.% Si and 1 .5-3.5wt.% W with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities.
  • powder A comprises 22wt.% Cr, 1 .74wt.% C, 1 .5wt.% Mo, 0.85wt.% V and 2.2wt.% W with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities.
  • powder A comprises 19-23wt.% Cr, 1 -2wt.% C, 1 - 2wt.% Mo, 0.5-1.5 wt.% V, 0.2-1 wt.% Si and 1 .5-3.5wt.% W with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities.
  • microstructure of the compacted, sintered and heat treated material of the present invention exhibits carbides distributed in a tempered martensitic matrix.
  • the powder mixture which is compacted and sintered is subsequently subjected to a heat treatment and a machining step.
  • the powder mixture comprises 25wt.% or more of powder A with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities and allowing for 2wt.% or less of the conventional additives mentioned above.
  • the powder mixture comprises 50wt.% or more of powder A with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities and allowing for 2wt.% or less of the conventional additives mentioned above as well as hard particles as well as hard particles.
  • the powder mixture comprises 75wt.% or more of powder A with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities and allowing for 2wt.% or less of the conventional additives mentioned above as well as hard particles.
  • the powder mixture consists entirely of powder A excepting incidental impurities and allowing for 2wt.% or less of conventional additives as well as hard particles.
  • the compaction and sintering processes do not serve to cause the particles within the green compact to undergo complete dissolution into each other. Limited diffusion occurs at the particle boundaries, but the particles generally become densified and are still generally separately identifiable when the resulting components are microscopically examined. Thus while there may be a physical change in the particle shape, voids in the resulting physical structure may still exist. This also occurs in the more conventional, prior art valve seat powder mixture of
  • the Cu infiltration process may occur simultaneously with the sintering process to enhance the thermal conductivity, machinability and also strength of the resulting article.
  • the post-sintering cryogenic process is preferably conducted by immersing the component in a bath containing liquid nitrogen such that the component temperature is reduced rapidly to preferably at least -78 5 C, and more preferably -120 5 C or below, and then a tempering process is conducted for 1 -2 hours at between 550-600 5 C.
  • a bath containing solid CO 2 is used, the melting point of which is -78 5 C, but it is generally more preferable that a bath containing liquid nitrogen is used, the boiling point of which is -196 5 C, as a lower ambient temperature can be obtained therein, and furthermore the rate of cooling down to a temperature of -120 5 C is also improved.
  • a dual layer valve seat component wherein the component comprises a first layer being compacted from a powder mixture as provided above, and a second layer compacted from a powder mixture of significantly lower quality or grade in terms of alloying elements and composition, said first and second layers being superposed immediately prior to sintering and then sintered together to provide a unitary component comprising two broadly discrete layers, excepting for elemental or alloy diffusion during the sintering process from either layer into the other near the boundary zone.
  • M3/2 is mixed with ⁇ 50wt.% Fe powder and ⁇ 0.5wt.% C powder, compacted and sintered.
  • the cost of producing the component constituted by the powders of the present invention is up to 17% less expensive in terms of raw ingredients, compaction and sintering (and final machining) processes being generally identical.
  • the fuels may be prone to moisture retention
  • the microstructure of the resulting valve seat product of the present invention exhibits carbides distributed in a tempered martensitic matrix.
  • Fe - Cr - C alloys amenable to martensitic transformation and therefore responsive to heat treatment, it is essential to judiciously maintain a ratio of alloying elements. This has been achieved by maintaining Fe- Cr - C ratio in the present powder.
  • the alloy (Fe - Cr - C - others) described in GB2298869 is ferritic in microstructure and does not undergo martensitic transformation.
  • the high concentration of alloying elements in the present powder results in a microstructure with high volume fraction of carbides, and these are coarser compared to those observed in the material made with M3/2 types of powder.
  • a high volume fraction of carbides also improves wear resistance of the material.
  • Figures 1 , 2, 3, show comparative graphical results for physical properties of test samples described below;
  • Figure 4 shows a graphical plot of the results of standard flank wear tests on the various compositions of the prior art and the present invention as detailed below.
  • Figure 5 show electron micrographs of a 49.75/49.75 wt.% M3/2+Fe, with 0.5% C prior art material specimen, and a specimen having a composition according to the present invention, namely 49.75/49.75% A1 (see below)+Fe with 0.5%C, and both having been prepared according to the examples below;
  • Figure 7 shows an electron micrograph of a specimen composed of 100% M3/2 high speed tool steel prepared as by the example below (i.e. a prior art material) and infiltrated with copper during sintering; again indications are provided of chemical compositions of different areas within the micrograph; (it is to be mentioned that the compositions shown in this Figure may not correspond to theoretical values);
  • Figures 8, 9 show optical micrographs of two additional specimens, both having been infiltrated with copper, the first specimen including 49.75% M3/2, 49.75% Fe and 0.5% C and prepared according to US5462573 above, and the second specimen including 49.75% of powder A1 referred to below with 49.75% Fe, and 0.5%C.
  • a water atomised, vacuum annealed powder having a composition of 1 .74wt.%C, 22wt.%Cr, 1 .5wt.%Mo, 0.85wt.%V, 2.21wt.%W with the balance being Fe excepting incidental impurities (hereinafter referred to as powder A1 ) was compacted to approximately 800MPa as is conventional in PM processes.
  • powder A1 incidental impurities
  • the subsequent sintering and copper infiltration occurs at around 1 100-1 120 5 C in an inert (N 2 - H 2 ) atmosphere for about 30min. in an industrial mesh belt furnace.
  • the sintered components were then allowed to cool in ambient manner during exit from the furnace at approx. 10-15 5 C mir ⁇ 1 from the sintering temperature.
  • a powder A1 was mixed with Fe powder in equal amounts of 49.75wt.%, the remainder being 0.5wt.% C excepting incidental impurities, said mixture being subsequently compacted, sintered and copper infiltrated, cryogenically and heat treated as described above, and machined into test pieces.
  • Sintered blanks were produced from example 2 and prior art blends. These were machined to valve set inserts and were tested to simulate valve/valve seat wear in a motorised valve seat insert test set up. In this set up a gas flame maintained the valve seat insert temperature around 250 °C and the rotation of the motor operating at around 3000 rpm provided the valve lift which was around 6 mm. The test ran for 5 hr and following the test the valve seat wear was measured.
  • a low alloy steel powder could be employed to achieve similar results.
  • suitable compositions of a low alloy steel powder are Fe with 3.5 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mo, or Fe with 0.5 - 1 .5 wt% Mo, or Fe with up to 3 wt% of Mo and up to 2 wt% V

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un siège de soupape qui est réalisé par compactage d'un mélange de poudre, frittage du comprimé cru formé de cette façon, infiltration de celui-ci par du cuivre ou un alliage de cuivre et soumission du siège de soupape fritté résultant à un traitement cryogénique suivi par un traitement thermique ou de trempe, de telle sorte que le fer dans la matrice d'alliage subit une transformation martensitique. Le mélange de poudre comprend au moins 10 % en poids d'une poudre A fortement alliée, recuite sous vide, pulvérisée à l'eau, le reste du mélange consistant en a) facultativement une poudre de fer ou une poudre d'alliage faiblement alliée, b) un ou plusieurs adjuvants d'usinabilité classiques, de lubrifiants solides classiques, d'agents favorisant le frittage classiques et c) de particules dures jusqu'à une teneur de 30 % en poids du mélange de poudre total. Ladite poudre A comprend 15 - 30 % en poids de Cr, 0,5 - 5 % en poids d'au moins l'un de Mo, V, W et Nb et 0,5 - 2 % en poids de C, le reste étant Fe, un ou plusieurs autres éléments d'alliage facultatif et des impuretés secondaires. La composition de la poudre A que l'on préfère le plus est 22 % en poids de Cr, 1,74 % en poids de C, 1,5 % en poids de Mo, 0,85 % en poids de V et 2,2 % en poids de W, le reste étant Fe à l'exception d'impuretés secondaires.
PCT/GB2008/050632 2007-08-17 2008-07-28 Insert de siège de soupape et son procédé de production WO2009024809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0716103.7 2007-08-17
GB0716103A GB2451898A (en) 2007-08-17 2007-08-17 Sintered valve seat

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009024809A1 true WO2009024809A1 (fr) 2009-02-26

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DE102015213706A1 (de) 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Mahle International Gmbh Tribologisches System, umfassend einen Ventilsitzring und ein Ventil
CN106475563A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-03-08 西北有色金属研究院 一种梯度钨铜复合材料及其制备方法
CN114472892A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-05-13 成都名钨科技有限责任公司 一种超细晶硬质合金钻头的制造方法及模具
CN114574774A (zh) * 2022-01-19 2022-06-03 长沙市萨普新材料有限公司 一种湿式旋转模切刀辊用不锈粉末冶金高速钢及其制备方法
CN115261699A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2022-11-01 L.E.君斯公司 烧结阀座嵌件及其制造方法
JP7286037B1 (ja) * 2022-12-09 2023-06-02 Ｔｐｒ株式会社 鉄基焼結合金バルブシート

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CN102941346B (zh) * 2012-10-25 2015-07-22 安徽蓝博旺机械集团合诚机械有限公司 一种多路阀阀体的粉末冶金成型制备方法
DE102014209645A1 (de) * 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ventils für eine Brennkraftmaschine
US20160348630A1 (en) * 2015-05-29 2016-12-01 Cummins Inc. Fuel injector
CN112338192A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2021-02-09 南通冠达粉末冶金有限公司 一种粉末治金材料制成的耐高低温含油轴承及其制造方法

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DE102015213706A1 (de) 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Mahle International Gmbh Tribologisches System, umfassend einen Ventilsitzring und ein Ventil
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