WO2009022893A1 - Composición farmacéutica que comprende la combinación de un agente antimicrobiano y un agente inhibidor selectivo de la enzima encefalinasa, indicada para el control y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda de origen bacteriano - Google Patents
Composición farmacéutica que comprende la combinación de un agente antimicrobiano y un agente inhibidor selectivo de la enzima encefalinasa, indicada para el control y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda de origen bacteriano Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009022893A1 WO2009022893A1 PCT/MX2008/000100 MX2008000100W WO2009022893A1 WO 2009022893 A1 WO2009022893 A1 WO 2009022893A1 MX 2008000100 W MX2008000100 W MX 2008000100W WO 2009022893 A1 WO2009022893 A1 WO 2009022893A1
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- diarrhea
- racecadotril
- ciprofloxacin
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- DZZWHBIBMUVIIW-DTORHVGOSA-N sparfloxacin Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)N[C@@H](C)CN1C1=C(F)C(N)=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C3CC3)C2=C1F DZZWHBIBMUVIIW-DTORHVGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SDLYZOYQWKDWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfociprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCN(CC3)S(O)(=O)=O)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 SDLYZOYQWKDWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002636 symptomatic treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004576 temafloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000012271 tenesmus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000497 trovafloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-SOSAQKQKSA-N trovafloxacin Chemical group C([C@H]1C([C@H]1C1)N)N1C(C(=CC=1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C2)F)=NC=1N2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-SOSAQKQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N trovafloxacin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]1C1)N)N1C(C(=CC=1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C2)F)=NC=1N2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036269 ulceration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019206 urinary tract infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020001612 μ-opioid receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/265—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbonic, thiocarbonic, or thiocarboxylic acids, e.g. thioacetic acid, xanthogenic acid, trithiocarbonic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
Definitions
- the present invention has application in the pharmaceutical industry and describes a pharmaceutical composition comprising the synergistic combination of an antimicrobial agent, such as the active ingredient: Ciprofloxacin and a selective enzyme inhibitor of the enkephalinase enzyme, such as the active ingredient: Racecadotril, in addition to pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; which are formulated in a single dosage unit to be administered orally, which is indicated for the control and treatment of acute diarrhea of bacterial origin.
- an antimicrobial agent such as the active ingredient: Ciprofloxacin
- a selective enzyme inhibitor of the enkephalinase enzyme such as the active ingredient: Racecadotril
- Diarrhea is defined as an increase in volume (increase in the amount of stool evacuated), fluidity (the consistency of stool becomes watery) and the frequency of bowel movement. When these symptoms are sudden and are accompanied by stomach pain or cramping, the individual is said to have acute diarrhea.
- Acute Diarrhea is defined as the condition characterized by the presence of bowel movements. increased in frequency (more than 2 to 3 in the course of the day), with altered consistency (usually lax or liquid), associated or not with general symptoms (fever, chills, nausea or abdominal cramps) and lasting no longer than one week.
- Acute bacterial diarrhea is acquired predominantly by fecal or oral route by consuming water and / or food contaminated by various bacterial microorganisms.
- the microorganisms responsible for diarrhea exert their action through: a) the enterotoxins that act on the secretory function of the enterocyte, causing a coleiform syndrome and b) the invasion of the digestive mucosa causing ulcerations and acute inflammatory reaction, which causes a syndrome dysentery Food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of toxins synthesized by the bacterial microorganism present in the food, produced before consumption; for example, those produced by thermostable enterotoxins such as: Staphilococcus aureus, Clostrid ⁇ um perfrxngens and Bacillus cereus. In these situations, the microbiological diagnosis is made by culturing the bacteria in the suspected food. The main symptoms manifested in a picture of acute diarrhea are:
- Non-inflammatory diarrhea is usually characterized by liquid evacuations of abundant volume (more than 1 liter per day), but without blood or pus. Although the patient usually suffers cramps, intense and sustained abdominal pain is unusual and fever is not common. This diarrhea is usually caused by bacteria such as: enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, staphylococci or Clostridium.
- Inflammatory diarrhea is characterized by very frequent stools of small volume, with the presence of mucus and / or blood, may be accompanied by tenesmus, fever or severe abdominal pain.
- This diarrhea is of infectious origin, there is the presence of abundant leukocytes in the stool and is usually caused by the presence of bacterial microorganisms such as: Salmonella, Shigella, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica or Yersinia.
- Acute bacterial febrile dysentery is most often caused by Shigella, Salmonella, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Yersinia or Clostridium.
- Dysentery is characterized by presenting: stool with mucus, pus, blood from the rectum, abdominal cramps and cramps, fever, headache and malaise. There is usually little dehydration except in cases of Shigella dysenteriae infection.
- the bacterium is produced in the small intestine and invades the large intestine.
- Osmotic diarrhea is caused by the presence of non-absorbable solutes in the intestinal lumen, such as laxatives and poorly digested foods that cause water to escape. Disappear with fasting. It is frequent after the administration of oral contrast medium to perform a CT scan. Secretory diarrhea is secondary to active ion secretion that causes a considerable loss of water. Within this group are diarrhea caused by viruses (rotavirus), bacterial enterotoxins (cholera, E. coli), protazoa (giardia), disorders associated with AIDS, tumors producing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), carcinoid tumors (histamine and serotonin) and hairy adenomas of the distal colon. It does not disappear with fasting.
- the enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli produce toxins that induce a high intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes.
- the mechanism referred to is qualitatively similar to that produced by Vibrio cholerae; however, the latter generates faecal losses (due to exacerbation of the secretory mechanism) even higher.
- Enteroadherente strains of Escherichia coli by closely adhering to the intestinal mucosa can destroy the brush border of the surface cells on which they are implanted.
- the invasive strains of Escherichia coli and Shigella invade the mucosa, the latter being responsible for developing a secregenic toxin.
- Clostridium d ⁇ fficile which is usually associated with the use of antibiotics, also produces toxins, which affect the large intestine.
- Dehydration with acidosis is the most common complication of acute diarrhea.
- the intestinal content In predominantly secretory diarrhea, the intestinal content has high concentrations of sodium and chlorides.
- the electrolyte content is lower.
- the osmolarity of the fecal content depends mainly on the presence of organic substrates (non-absorbed carbohydrates, medium chain organic acids, etc.). Most diarrhea that causes excessive fluid loss results in an isotonic concentration of body spaces (isonatremia).
- the treatment should take into account support measures such as hydration with a balanced supply of glucose and electrolytes.
- the Treatment includes the administration of antidiarrheals and, where appropriate, antibiotics, especially in acute diarrhea accompanied by fever, dehydration, compromise of the general condition or dysentery syndrome, in patients over 60 years.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of an antimicrobial agent and a selective inhibitor of enkephalinase, which are described They act synergistically and are formulated in a single dosage unit to be administered orally, which provides benefits such as: lower concentrations of the active ingredients contained in the formula, lower doses administered, maximization of the therapeutic effect, faster of action, reduction of the chances of complications and reduction of the risk of manifesting adverse effects.
- Antimicrobials are defined as chemical substances of natural origin (fungi or bacteria), synthetic or semi-synthetic that have the ability to inhibit the development or cause the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms capable of producing a infection. They are agents of systemic use that reduce and control the presence of contaminating microorganisms in the host.
- the antibiotic can exert two types of effect: Bacteriostatic, which prevents the development of the microorganism without causing its destruction, being able to multiply again when the effect disappears; o Bactericidal, in which the destruction of microorganisms occurs (lethal effect).
- Antibiotics exert their action through the following specific mechanisms or functions: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis; b) Alteration on the cytoplasmic membrane or permeability; c) Inhibition of protein synthesis and d) Blocking or inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis.
- Quinolones are a family of antibiotics known since the 60's.
- the first The quinolone used was nalidixic acid, which together with the pipetnidic acid, make up the first generation of quinolones.
- Second-generation quinolones are fluorinated derivatives or fluoroquinolones (CF).
- CF fluoroquinolones
- Norfloxacin Norfloxacin, which meant an important pharmaceutical advance, due to its greater potency and antibacterial spectrum. Subsequently, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Enoxacin, Lomefloxacin, Temafloxacin, Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Gemifloxacin. Some of them were withdrawn from the market after their commercialization was approved, or their use has been restricted due to their toxic effects (Sparfloxacino, Trovafloxacino, Grepafloxacino).
- the first quinolones had activity only against gram-negative aerobic bacteria and were effective in treating gastrointestinal and urinary infections.
- the introduction of a fluorine atom into the molecule Basic quinolones gave rise to fluoroquinolones (CF), which have a more potent activity, a greater antibacterial spectrum, a longer half-life and, with the exception of Norfloxacin, reach good serum levels, making it possible to treat systemic infections.
- CF fluoroquinolones
- CF are bactericidal agents that act by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme that is involved in folding the double helix of DNA and is essential for the three-dimensional structure of the genetic material, exerting its action at the intracellular level.
- Ciprofloxacin has a broad spectrum of "in vitro" activity and good activity against gram (-) bacteria.
- Ciprofloxacin The absorption of orally administered Ciprofloxacin is 95% in two hours and 100% in three hours; It offers a bioavailability of 70% to 80% and its maximum blood concentrations are reached approximately one hour after administration. Ciprofloxacin offers a high volume of distribution and reaches much higher concentrations than serum in various tissues and liquids. Its half-life independent of the dose is 4 hours and binds to plasma proteins in 30%.
- Ciprofloxacin is eliminated mainly by the kidneys, through glomerular filtration and tubular excretion as Ciprofloxacin without change and in the form of its four active metabolites: oxiciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, desmethylciprofloxacin and formylciprofloxacin. It has as an alternative elimination route to the hepatobiliary system.
- oral rehydration therapy is a fundamental aspect for the treatment of acute diarrhea, a series of drugs that provide interesting benefits and that work as complementary support in the recovery of patients suffering from such infection have been evaluated.
- the activity of the enkephalinase inhibiting agents translates at the level of the intestinal mucosa into a sustained effect of the encephalin on the delta-like opioid receptors ( ⁇ ), involved in the regulation of the intestinal reabsorption of water and electrolytes.
- ⁇ delta-like opioid receptors
- the sustained action of encephalin on such receptors is responsible for the intestinal anti-secretory effect of water and electrolytes, neutralizing the hypersecretion induced by various agents, both chemical and biological.
- Racecadotril whose active metabolite is known as Tiorfán, being the first physiological antidiarrheal representative of a new pharmacotherapeutic group.
- Racecadotril is a selective inhibitor of the enkephalinase enzyme belonging to a new class of drugs called “enkephalinase inhibitors”. It is a diesterified lipophilic prodrug that rapidly hydrolyses to become its active metabolite called Tiorfán. It is indicated for the complementary symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea and when oral rehydration and usual supportive measures are insufficient to control the clinical picture.
- Encephalinases are membrane metallopeptidases found in the gastrointestinal tract, in the central nervous system and in other tissues, and are responsible for the degradation of enkephalin (endogenous opioids).
- Racecadotril The mechanism of action of Racecadotril is based on the inhibition of enkephalinase in the gastrointestinal tract which results in a prolongation of the antisecretory effects of encephalin, reducing the hypersecretion of water and electrolytes towards the intestinal lumen; thus achieving a physiological effect on the intestinal hypersecretion of water and electrolytes causing dehydration, being therefore able to shorten the duration of diarrheal symptoms, reducing the number and volume of bowel movements (Matheson and Noble, 1992).
- Racecadotril Apart from the efficacy derived from its pharmacological properties, Racecadotril also has a good safety profile that does not cause effects on the central nervous system and also has no effects on intestinal motility.
- Racecadotril does not modify the intestinal transit time, nor does it significantly affect basal secretion. Its action is exclusively peripheral (only 1% of the dose of Racecadotril is distributed in the tissues), without significant effects on the central nervous system. When Racecadotril is administered orally, it does not cross the blood brain barrier, however, after intravenous administration, induction of activity on the central nervous system (CNS) has been observed. The duration and extent of the effect of Racecadotril are a function of the dose administered.
- Racecadotril is rapidly absorbed, the inhibitory effect of plasma enkephalinase begins to manifest 30 minutes after administration, reaching its maximum concentration 60 minutes after administration and maximum activity is manifested after 2 hours.
- oral doses of 1.5 mg / kg the maximum enzyme inhibition level is around 90% and the inhibitory effect on plasma enkephalinase is significantly maintained at around 8 hours.
- Racecadotril is not modified if it is administered with food, but the maximum activity is delayed approximately an hour and a half.
- the active metabolite Tiorfán which in turn becomes inactive, is eliminated via the renal, fecal and pulmonary, the half-life of Racecadotril being approximately 3 hours.
- the pharmaceutical composition that is the subject of the present invention is composed of the synergistic combination of an antimicrobial agent, such as the active substance: Ciprofloxacin and a selective inhibitor of the enkephalinase enzyme, such as the active substance: Racecadotril, in addition to pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, which are formulated in a single dosage unit to be administered orally in the form of a capsule or tablet, which is indicated for the control and treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea and has It was developed taking into account that both active ingredients have great efficacy and ability to attack and eliminate the presence of the various pathogens found in acute bacterial diarrhea, as well as stop the progression of bacterial growth and reduce the loss of fluids and electrolytes in less time; preventing with this the appearance of serious complications that can cause death.
- an antimicrobial agent such as the active substance: Ciprofloxacin
- a selective inhibitor of the enkephalinase enzyme such as the active substance: Racecadotril
- the selective enkephalinase inhibitor agent used in the pharmaceutical composition Subject of the present invention as the active ingredient is: Racecadotril, is present in the formulation in a concentration range of 100.0 mg. at 300.0 mg per dose unit.
- Racecadotril is present in the formulation in a concentration range of 100.0 mg. at 300.0 mg per dose unit.
- Ciprofloxacin vs. the combination of Racecadotril / Ciprofloxacin in patients with acute bacterial diarrhea, with the primary objective of measuring the duration of diarrhea and bacterial symptoms.
- Group 1 they received Ciprofloxacin 500 mg. every 12 hours .
- Group 2 received the combination Racecadotril 100 mg. / Ciprofloxacin 500 mg. every 12 hours.
- the treatment was administered during 3 days of follow-up.
- Ciprofloxacin / Racecadotril quickly and effectively improves the conditions of patients with acute diarrhea of bacterial origin, compared to the administration of Ciprofloxacin alone.
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0813087-6A2A BRPI0813087A2 (pt) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | Composição farmacêutica compreendendo a combinação de um agente antimicrobiano e um agente inibidor seletivo da enzima encefalinasa, indicada para o controle e tratamento da diarréia aguda de origem bacteriana. |
EP08793783A EP2179733A4 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND A SELECTIVE ENKEPHALINASE CYCLIST FOR USE AS THE CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE BACTERIAL INHALATION |
ARP080103245A AR067700A1 (es) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | Composicion farmaceutica que comprende la combinacin de un agente antimicrobiano y un agente inhibidor selectivo de la enzima encefalinasa indicada para el contol y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda de origen bacteriano |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MXMX/A/2007/009121 | 2007-07-27 | ||
MX2007009121A MX2007009121A (es) | 2007-07-27 | 2007-07-27 | Composicion farmaceutica que comprende la combinacion de un agente antimicrobiano y un agente inhibidor selectivo de la enzima encefalinasa, indicada para el control y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda de origen bacteriano. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009022893A1 true WO2009022893A1 (es) | 2009-02-19 |
WO2009022893A8 WO2009022893A8 (es) | 2009-09-11 |
Family
ID=40350867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/MX2008/000100 WO2009022893A1 (es) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | Composición farmacéutica que comprende la combinación de un agente antimicrobiano y un agente inhibidor selectivo de la enzima encefalinasa, indicada para el control y tratamiento de la diarrea aguda de origen bacteriano |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2179733A4 (es) |
AR (1) | AR067700A1 (es) |
CO (1) | CO6260072A2 (es) |
EC (1) | ECSP109996A (es) |
MX (1) | MX2007009121A (es) |
PE (1) | PE20090507A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2009022893A1 (es) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001097803A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Laboratoire Glaxosmithkline | Pharmaceutical preparations comprising racecadotril (acetorphan) |
US20030143293A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-07-31 | Sergei Shushunov | Compositions and methods for treating diarrhea |
-
2007
- 2007-07-27 MX MX2007009121A patent/MX2007009121A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-07-25 PE PE2008001265A patent/PE20090507A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-25 WO PCT/MX2008/000100 patent/WO2009022893A1/es active Application Filing
- 2008-07-25 EP EP08793783A patent/EP2179733A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-25 AR ARP080103245A patent/AR067700A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2010
- 2010-02-12 CO CO10015886A patent/CO6260072A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-02-25 EC EC2010009996A patent/ECSP109996A/es unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001097803A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Laboratoire Glaxosmithkline | Pharmaceutical preparations comprising racecadotril (acetorphan) |
US20030143293A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-07-31 | Sergei Shushunov | Compositions and methods for treating diarrhea |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
FARTHING MICHAEL JG ET AL: "Infectious diarrhoea", MEDICINE, vol. 35, no. 5, pages 251 - 256, XP022052857 * |
See also references of EP2179733A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2179733A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
CO6260072A2 (es) | 2011-03-22 |
EP2179733A4 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
PE20090507A1 (es) | 2009-05-20 |
WO2009022893A8 (es) | 2009-09-11 |
MX2007009121A (es) | 2009-02-18 |
AR067700A1 (es) | 2009-10-21 |
ECSP109996A (es) | 2010-03-31 |
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