WO2009007042A2 - Einrichtung zur bereitstellung von gasen, insbesondere für die isotopenverhältnisanalyse - Google Patents
Einrichtung zur bereitstellung von gasen, insbesondere für die isotopenverhältnisanalyse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009007042A2 WO2009007042A2 PCT/EP2008/005363 EP2008005363W WO2009007042A2 WO 2009007042 A2 WO2009007042 A2 WO 2009007042A2 EP 2008005363 W EP2008005363 W EP 2008005363W WO 2009007042 A2 WO2009007042 A2 WO 2009007042A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- gas
- reactors
- gas path
- branch
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001269 time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004760 accelerator mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7206—Mass spectrometers interfaced to gas chromatograph
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/80—Fraction collectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/84—Preparation of the fraction to be distributed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0022—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using a number of analysing channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/84—Preparation of the fraction to be distributed
- G01N2030/8405—Preparation of the fraction to be distributed using pyrolysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
- G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
- G01N2030/8868—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample elemental analysis, e.g. isotope dilution analysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device with an analyzer and with a device for providing gases for analysis, in particular for the determination of isotopic ratios, wherein the analyzer downstream of the device and the means for providing the gases, a first gas path for a gas stream, a second Gas path and having a first reactor between the two gas paths, and wherein the first reactor has an inlet side and an outlet side and the inlet side of the first reactor facing the first gas path.
- a preferred, but not exclusive, application of the invention is the measurement of the oil vacancies of gases or of substances which have previously been converted into the gas phase.
- the use of various is known
- Spectrometer eg laser resonance measurement
- scintillation counter etc.
- Analyzers are mass spectrometers, e.g. Multi-collector sector field MS, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) or quadrupole MS, especially for the
- the invention is preferably used for
- Measurement of z As methane, breathing gas and / or for determining the isotope ratios of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen / deuterium, chlorine in suitable or appropriately prepared samples.
- the following molecules can be measured: N2, CO, O2, H2, CO2, N2O, CH4 and / or NO2.
- gases - one to three-atom gases with only one or two different atoms - measured.
- gases with more complex molecules can also be analyzed.
- more complex molecules are converted into simpler molecules by pyrolysis, oxidation, and / or reduction prior to analysis.
- appropriate reactors or ovens or combinations of ovens are provided.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device for providing gases for an analysis in which different measurements without change in structure are possible.
- different gas conversions should be feasible with the device.
- the device according to the invention is characterized by at least one second reactor which is arranged in parallel or in series with the first reactor, wherein at least one of the reactors is deactivatable or means are provided for bypassing at least one of the reactors.
- Additional or alternative thermal measures can be applied to the supplied gases via the second reactor so that different measurements can be carried out successively in the shortest possible time.
- the reactors can be arranged and connected in parallel to one another, for example with interconnected inlet sides or outlet sides.
- the inlet sides of the reactors can be interconnected and also the respective outlet sides.
- a common gas path can be provided for the supply of the gases to the two reactors.
- a common gas path for the forwarding of the gases from the two reactors can be provided in the direction of a downstream analysis device.
- the reactors in series. This means that the inlet side of one reactor can be interconnected with the outlet side of the other reactor. In operation then both reactors or only one of both work.
- the reactors may have bypass lines so that, for example, the gas can be conducted past an inactive reactor.
- the second reactor is arranged downstream of the first gas path parallel to the first reactor, wherein switching means are provided for switching the gas stream, such that the gas stream coming from the first gas path or a main part thereof optionally passes into the first reactor or into the second reactor.
- a first switching device may be provided for switching the gas flow. Preferably, only this single switching device is provided for switching the gas flow. The switchover causes the gas stream to reach the first reactor via its inlet side or into the second reactor via its inlet side.
- the switching device can be switched back and forth between the two reactors to perform different gas conversions.
- the switching can be provided so that the gas flow in the first gas path is completely guided over the first or second reactor.
- a division of the gas stream can be carried out, such that a large part of the gas stream is passed via one reactor and a small fraction of the gas stream over the other reactor.
- the maintenance of an at least small gas flow in the reactor helps to avoid dead volume, dead times and resulting measurement errors and hysteresis. It is also possible, of course, the borderline case of half the distribution of gas flow to the reactors.
- the aim is also a continuous gas flow through the reactors.
- the first switching device is provided between the second gas path and the outlet sides of the two reactors. Accordingly, the switching device is downstream of the reactors. In front of the reactors, between the first gas path and the two reactors, a simple branch can be provided, so that gas can always reach both reactors.
- a simple branch can be provided, so that gas can always reach both reactors.
- high gas temperatures which may occur upstream of the reactors do not heat the switching device.
- both reactors can always be flowed through. When switching occurs then no dead times or there is no dead volume to consider.
- contamination of the switching device by analytes, which are still organic in front of the reactors is avoided.
- the first switching means is arranged to selectively connect the second gas path to the first reactor or to the second reactor, with an exit side of the respective reactor.
- the switching device may of course also be arranged upstream of the two reactors and would then be arranged between the first gas path and the inlet sides of the reactors. This would make it possible in a simple manner that only one of the two reactors is always flowed through by the gas.
- a third gas path and a second switching device are provided, wherein the second switching device optionally connects the third gas path to the first reactor or to the second reactor.
- the switching is performed such that the third gas path is connected to the first or second reactor instead of the second gas path, on the exit side of the reactors.
- the first switching device with the second switching device is combined to form a single switching device.
- a multi-way valve (4/2-way valve) is provided which is arranged between the two reactors on the one hand and the two gas paths on the other hand (second and third gas path) and an assignment of each of the two reactors to one of the two gas paths allows.
- the third gas path has a different, in particular higher flow resistance than the second gas path.
- Flow resistance is the ratio of the mass or volume flows in the
- the flow resistance can be considered constant or variable
- the flow resistance in the third gas path is realized by a defined constriction or a valve or a constriction with an adjustable cross section.
- a defined constriction or a valve or a constriction with an adjustable cross section Preferred is an embodiment in which only a very small proportion over the third Gas path is guided, for example, only 5% of the volume flow, while 95% flow through the second gas path.
- the two reactors are arranged in series one behind the other in such a way that one exit side of one reactor is connected or connectable to an inlet side of the other reactor, and preferably to at least one of the two reactors is a bypass line is provided, which is selectively connectable to the other reactor.
- both reactors may have a bypass line. This makes it possible to pass the gas to either one of the reactors and to treat it thermally in the other reactor. But it is also possible a solution without bypass line. The gas would then pass through both reactors one after the other and be thermally treated either only in one of the reactors or in both successively.
- higher temperatures are provided in the second reactor in the direction of flow than in the first reactor.
- the arrangement can also be reversed. Also, the same temperatures can be provided.
- the reactors are arranged parallel to each other, wherein an additional gas source and switching means are provided, such that either one of the two reactors is connected between the first gas path and the second gas path and the other reactor is connected to the additional gas source ,
- This structure is particularly advantageous for the regeneration of the reactors.
- a regeneration gas flow into the reactor, while the other reactor is used for the treatment of gases for analysis.
- a simple rinsing process can also be provided.
- the additional gas source may alternatively be located upstream or downstream of the reactors.
- the first gas path leads to the first reactor, that a further gas path leads to the second reactor and that each of the gas paths is preceded by its own gas source, in particular its own gas chromatograph or gas chromatography column.
- each of the gas paths is preceded by its own gas source, in particular its own gas chromatograph or gas chromatography column.
- the sources or gas chromatographs can independently provide gases.
- the first switching device or a further switching device can be provided between the inlet sides of the two reactors and the first gas path.
- the two reactors can be assigned to each of their inlet sides and the outlet sides of a switching device. This makes it possible either to perform the switching in the area of the inlet sides or the outlet sides.
- the first gas path is provided with a junction for a branch.
- the branch can then be used for a return flow of the gas or a backwashing of the reactors. Also, in this way, the incoming gas in the first gas path can be derived before entering the reactors. If a switching device is arranged in the region of the inlet sides of the reactors, the connection point for the branch is still in front of the switching device.
- the second gas path is provided with a connection point for a branch, in particular for connection to a gas supply.
- the same can also be provided for the third gas path.
- Gases for backwashing the reactors or for other purposes can be introduced via the branches.
- oxygen can be supplied to regenerate an oxidation reactor or helium as an additional carrier gas.
- the reactors can be heated to different temperatures, in particular for pyrolysis on the one hand and oxidation on the other hand. Depending on the application, different reactions may be desired.
- the reactors are arranged in a common housing with at least partially common insulation. Due to the high temperatures, the reactors are surrounded by a heat-insulating wall. To minimize the heat loss, the reactors are arranged adjacent to each other, so that they thermally influence each other or the heat loss of the hotter reactor heats the cooler reactor with. At least in part, the reactors are surrounded by a common insulating wall.
- the housing has at least one insulating layer with outside and inside, wherein one of the reactors is arranged closer to the outside than the other reactor. Ambient temperature is present on the outside of the housing. From the outside to the hottest reactor there is a temperature gradient. Along the temperature gradient of the less hot reactor is arranged.
- At least one of the two reactors is arranged in the insulating layer.
- the hotter reactor is then preferably provided in a chamber surrounded by the insulating layer.
- Both reactors may be associated with thermocouples to control appropriate heaters. Also, both reactors can each be assigned at least one heater. The reactors can then be heated independently. Alternatively, only one heater can be provided, in particular within the chamber surrounded by the insulating layer, either for both reactors together or for one reactor, so that the other reactor is heated by the lost heat.
- At least one heater is associated with each of the two reactors, the heater provided for the reactor arranged closer to the outside being weaker than the heater of the other reactor.
- the inner reactor greater distance to the outside
- the outer reactor has only one additional heater.
- the desired temperatures are preferably minimal at 800 0 C (external reactor) and a maximum of 1600 0 C (inner reactor).
- the device has an interface for connecting an optical detector or a mass spectrometer, in particular an isotope mass spectrometer.
- an interface can be, for example, an open split. Other interfaces are possible.
- the interface is arranged downstream of or connected to the second gas path.
- a third reactor is provided, which is arranged along the second gas path, in particular a reduction reactor. This can in particular be operated in conjunction with an oxidation reactor as the first or second reactor.
- the first gas path has a connection point with a branch or a line to a detector.
- the junction can be switched by a valve - even in the line itself - or a restriction in the line. With the help of the detector before the gases enter the reactors, additional measurements can be made.
- the gas paths are at least partially formed by inertized metal lines.
- the lines are usually capillaries. These are for example made of metal and internally rendered inert. Such cables are robust against thermal and mechanical stress.
- pipes of steel or stainless steel are used with special coatings.
- Corresponding material combinations are under the brand names Silcosteel, Silclnert, MXT u.a. known.
- a typical reactor is a thin tube which is heated from the outside and in which the gas molecules are oxidized, reduced or otherwise reacted upon heat input.
- the reactor tube is arranged in an oven with an insulating wall or is inserted into the oven.
- the reactor may be preceded by a gas chromatograph or other separating device, which dissolves the individual components of a sample in time and thus gradually fed to the reactor tube.
- a gas chromatograph / a separation device following the reactors for the temporal separation of the reaction products.
- the capillaries are connected to each other by gluing, adhesion or compression.
- the types of compounds mentioned are to result in a gastight and preferably non-detachable connection of the capillaries'.
- Solution is not only more reliable than the known solution, but can also be cheaper.
- the capillaries have different diameters and overlap each other at least with end regions, wherein the end regions are connected to each other (in the region of the overlap or a part thereof). Due to the different diameters, it is possible to push the capillaries to be joined into each other and thus to achieve an overlap.
- the capillaries are connected flat to each other.
- the strength and gas tightness of the connection are thus increased.
- Surface means that adhesion, adhesion or compression are more than just punctiform or linear.
- area refers to an extent in the axial direction and at the same time in the circumferential direction.
- At least one of the capillaries may consist of ceramic material.
- Advantage is at least a high heat resistance.
- At least one of the capillaries at least partially made of quartz glass, in particular an outside and / or inside surface, z. B. in a H 2 reactor.
- quartz glass in particular an outside and / or inside surface, z. B. in a H 2 reactor.
- Particularly suitable is synthetic quartz glass or silica glass, also known as fused silica.
- Also suitable are so-called Silco Steel capillaries.
- the overlapping region has at least one adhesive bond or adhesive bond in the region of a coating of one of the capillaries.
- Adhesives or adhesives are all around, d. H. distributed in the circumferential direction around the capillary.
- these are gas-tight adhesives or adhesives.
- a polyimide-based adhesive is gas-tight.
- various adhesives may be provided in different temperature zones, for. As an adhesive for the stability of the compound and an adhesive for sealing.
- the overlapping region has at least one adhesive bond or adhesion bond in the
- Adhesives or adhesives provided are particularly heat-resistant. "Heat-resistant” in this sense means that the compound is also at
- At least one of the capillaries at least partially made of precious metal.
- it is copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum or gold. It is important to have sufficient strength for the corresponding field of application.
- base metals can be used preferably, for. As nickel, especially for reactor tubes.
- Metallic or metallized capillaries may preferably also be soldered.
- one of the capillaries in the overlap region is provided with a platinum surface and the other capillary is provided with a ceramic surface, preferably in the case of a CO 2 reactor.
- the two capillaries can each also consist entirely of platinum or ceramic material. Platinum is relatively soft against the ceramic material and filled under pressure - by pressing - the rough surface of the ceramic material, so that a particularly intimate and gas-tight connection is formed.
- At least one of the capillaries is provided with an inertized surface, in particular on the inside.
- a reaction with the gas flowing through and / or adhesive or adhesive agent is then not expected.
- a capillary with a silcosteel coating is inertized. Also other less reactive surfaces such. B. platinum are cheap.
- a furnace for the thermal treatment of gases wherein in the furnace a reactor tube in the manner of a capillary and a heater are arranged and an insulation is provided, through which the reactor tube and / or a capillary are passed, and wherein Reactor tube and capillary are connected together.
- the reactor tube has the function of a capillary and is connected in the sense described above with the (other) capillary.
- the reactor tube is connected at its two ends in each case with a thinner capillary.
- the capillary connected to the reactor tube has an outer coating, in particular of a non-heat-resistant material, preferably polyimide, wherein the coating is removed, as far as the capillary extends from the outside into the insulation.
- a non-heat-resistant material preferably polyimide
- the existing inside the furnace high temperature is reduced perpendicular to the insulation to the outside of the same.
- the coating is preferably made of polyimide.
- the temperatures of at least 300 ° C, preferably also above 400 0 C tolerates without reacting and / or to lose much strength.
- the device according to the invention is provided with an analyzer connected downstream of the device, in particular a mass spectrometer.
- the device may be preceded by a gas chromatograph. This is then upstream of the first gas path.
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the device according to FIG. 1 with a switching device connected in a certain way
- FIG. 3 shows the detail of FIG. 2, but in a different switching position of
- FIG. 5 shows the furnace according to FIG. 6 in a vertical section
- FIG. 6 shows the oven according to FIG. 5 in a horizontal section
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in a schematic representation analogous to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention in a representation analogous to FIGS. 2, 3, 10 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a representation analogous to FIG. 1.
- a gas sample from a gas chromatograph 11 coming through a furnace 12 is passed and fed via an interface 13, such as an open split, the detector 10.
- a first gas path 16 leads via a branch 17 (T piece) and branches (gas paths) 17a, 17b to inlet sides of two reactors 18, 19 arranged in parallel in the furnace 12.
- Gas paths) 20, 21 lead from the outlet sides of the reactors 18, 19 out of the furnace 12 to a common switching device 22, which is designed here as a 4/2-way valve.
- the reactors 18, 19 can optionally be connected to a second gas path 23 or alternatively to a third gas path 24.
- the second gas path 23 leads to the interface 13, while the third gas path 24 is provided with a defined restriction 25, so that the third gas path 24 has a significantly greater flow resistance than the second gas path 23.
- inlet sides and outlet sides refer to a main flow direction, namely from the gas chromatograph 11 to the detector 10.
- the individual gas paths, lines and branches are in particular designed as capillaries.
- the reactors 18, 19 are preferably capillary-like tubes or reactor tubes.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 The two switching positions of the switching device 22 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- a switching position I of the switching device 22 the gas from the first gas path 16 is fed to the high-temperature reactor 18 (oxidation reactor) and from there via the switching device 22 into the second gas path 23.
- this switching position I not so much heated reactor 19 (pyrolysis reactor) connected to the third gas path 24.
- the gas from the first gas path 16 may flow over both reactors 18, 19 and enter either the second or third gas paths 23, 24, respectively.
- the Restriction 25 (as a cross-sectional constriction) a significant imbalance in the distribution of the flow rates in favor of the second gas path 23. Only 5% to 10% of the gas enter the third gas path 24.
- the two reactors 18, 19 are also connected to the second gas path 23 and third gas path 24, but exactly the opposite as previously shown.
- the gas flowing through the reactor 19 reaches the detector 10 via the second gas path 23.
- about 5% of the total amount of gas flows via the other reactor (here the reactor 18) into the third gas path 24.
- the gas streams can also be divided into different reactors 18, 19 such that one of the reactors is regenerated by the gas stream, while in the other reactor the sample is thermally treated.
- the regeneration can be z. B. refer to the structure of carbon layers.
- the device optionally has additional components:
- a branch 26 with a branch 27 to a detector 28 may be provided in the first gas path 16, following the GC column 15, a branch 26 with a branch 27 to a detector 28 may be provided. Either it is an additional detector or the branch 27 is merely a bypass and leads to the detector 10 bypassing the furnace 12.
- the numbers 28 and 10 would then refer to the same component.
- a further branch 29, in particular between the branches 17 and 26 Inserted into the first gas path 16 is a further branch 29, in particular between the branches 17 and 26.
- the branch 29 leads out of the GC 11 via a branch 30 and a valve 31.
- a volumetric flow meter 32 is provided after the valve 31.
- a water trap 33 may be provided, in which the moisture present in the gas stream is separated and removed.
- a separation of the moisture on a water-permeable membrane can be carried out with carrier gas countercurrent.
- Helium is preferably used as the carrier gas.
- a further reactor 34 may be provided, in particular a reduction reactor. This can be effective in conjunction with one of the reactors 18, 19, so that, for example, an oxidation and reduction of the flowing gases can be carried out successively.
- a further reactor 35 may be arranged along the line 20. Again, it is preferably a reduction reactor.
- the second gas path 23 may include a branch 36 with a branch 37 and a port or valve 38 for a gas source.
- branch 37 helium or another inert gas can be fed, which can be used for backwashing or regeneration of the reactors.
- some or all branches are switchable, so that the gas paths are precisely adjustable.
- a backwashing is then possible, for example in the switching position shown in FIG. 1 via the lower reactor 19 and the branch 30.
- the valves, z. B. valve 38, for opening and closing a line or a branch may also have a further switching position, namely a leakage position to prevent pressure increases.
- the third gas path 24 may have a branch 39, which may be connected via a branch 40 and a valve 41 to a gas source.
- a gas source Preferably, the provision of gas for the regeneration of the oxidation reactor 18 is provided here. Suitable gases are oxygen, methane, etc. If necessary, the other reactor 19 can be regenerated with a substance connected to the valve 41 of choice.
- the gases or substances can be combined with carrier gas, z. B. with helium or hydrogen, in particular before entering the GC 11 or at any other location.
- the oven 12 may be formed substantially cuboid. Other external designs are possible.
- a housing 42 is provided on the inside with a thick insulation 43. Depending on the stability of the insulating layer 43, the housing 42 may also be omitted. The numeral 42 then designates the outside of the insulating layer 43.
- a chamber or a furnace chamber 44 is formed, which is empty or filled with insulation material, such as mineral wool, perlite or other temperature-resistant materials.
- insulation material such as mineral wool, perlite or other temperature-resistant materials.
- heating elements 45, 46 are arranged, the supply lines 47, 48 - which may be brackets at the same time - are passed through the insulating layer 43.
- the reactors 18, 19 are thin, capillary-like tubes, in particular of ceramic, and preferably extend at a distance parallel to each other and horizontally directed across the furnace 12.
- the reactors 18, 19 may each be surrounded by a protective tube 49, 50, in particular Metal or another material that is as heat-conductive as possible.
- Reactors 18, 19 and protective tubes 49, 50 extend through the insulating layer 43 and are slightly above the housing 42 and the outside of the insulating layer 43, the reactors 18, 19 slightly further than the protective tubes 49, 50, see Fig. 6 ,
- the reactor 18 is provided here as a high-temperature reactor and is heated by the heating elements 45, 46 on opposite sides and at the same time over several lengths. Accordingly, in Fig. 6, two pairs of heating elements 45, 46 drawn. In this case, the heating elements 45, 46 and the reactor 18 are arranged completely within the furnace chamber 44.
- the reactor 19 extends within the insulating layer 43, namely between an inner side 51 thereof and the housing 42 or the outer side. In the present case, the reactor 19 is arranged in the region of a transition between an upright wall and a bottom wall of the insulating layer 43.
- the reactor 19 is provided with an electric auxiliary heater 52, see Fig. 5. This is arranged in the protective tube 50. A corresponding electrical supply line 53 is laid in the intermediate space between the reactor 19 and the protective tube 50, see FIG. 6.
- the temperature of the reactor 18 is adjusted by the heating elements 45, 46.
- the heating elements 45, 46 can be provided for this purpose. Part of the heat also passes to the reactor 19, which is thereby heated slightly less than the reactor 18. If an accurate temperature adjustment is desired for the reactor 19, this can be carried out by means of the additional heater 52.
- the temperature of the reactor 19 without the effect of the additional heating is determined by the power of the heating elements 45, 46 and the position of the reactor 19 within the insulating layer 43 in conjunction with the outside temperature. In the best case, can be dispensed with the operation of the auxiliary heater 52.
- the supply lines 47, 48 are preferably laid approximately horizontally in an upper region of the oven chamber 44 and angled there in the downward direction, so that the heating elements 45, 46 are approximately halfway up the furnace chamber 44, as is the reactor 18th
- the insulating layer 43 is preferably made of ceramic fiber blocks, mineral wool, fireclay or other, good heat insulating materials.
- the reactors 18, 19 are connected to the capillary-like lines 17a, 17b and 20, 21 by means of suitable connecting elements, adhesive bonding, adhesion or compression. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 7 with the alternatives a) and b).
- the substances contained in a sample are temporally separated from each other.
- the subsequent oven 12 finds a Oxidation, reduction, gasification or pyrolysis take place. The temperatures occurring are significantly higher than the ambient temperature which incidentally affects the apparatus.
- the gaseous substances are guided in the capillary-like lines 16, 17a, 17b, 20, 21 (FIG. 1). These are made of synthetic quartz glass, which is also referred to as fused silica. A combination with other materials is possible. Preferably, however, the lines consist exclusively of synthetic quartz glass with a coating.
- the lines are made of metallic material, in particular of stainless steel, which has a surface coating for the purpose of inerting.
- Such coatings for steels or stainless steels are known under the name Silcosteel (registered trademark).
- the reactor tubes 18, 19 are usually made of a ceramic material and are heated depending on the application to about 800 0 C to 1600 0 C. In the reactor tubes consuming substances or reactivatable substances may be provided to promote oxidation, pyrolysis or other reactions. Also possible is a thermally assisted reduction of gaseous substances in the furnace 12.
- the lines are connected to the ends of the reactor tubes in known solutions by screw.
- the aim is the possibility of replacing the reactor tube while maintaining the lines.
- the known screw connections can be the analysis significantly disturbing sources of error. So leaks or dead volumes (especially with assembly difficulties) may occur.
- the line 20 with the adjacent end 54 of the reactor tube 18 is non-detachably connected to each other, in particular by direct bonding.
- Suitable adhesives are known adhesives, in particular high-temperature adhesives suitable.
- the adhesives can be selected based on the desired properties such as grain size of the filler, temperature resistance, elasticity, thermal expansion, etc.
- a high temperature adhesive ensures sufficient strength of the connection.
- Another glue, z. B. with polyimide increases the seal.
- the sealant adhesive can also be subsequently injected into the first adhesive.
- adhesive bond may also be provided by adhesion.
- agents can be used to improve the adhesion.
- such agents can also be adhesives.
- the end 54 of the reactor tube exits a heat-insulating wall 56 of the furnace 12, and is made of a ceramic material.
- the conduit 20 is a fused silica capillary and externally provided with a coating of polyimide.
- the coated part of the line 20 is provided in the example a) of FIG. 7 with the numeral 57. From one end 58 of the line 20, the coating has been removed, since the coating is not heat-resistant.
- Line 20 and end 54 are glued together here twice, namely firstly with a first splice 59 between the uncoated end 58 and the end 54.
- the splice 59 is preferably in the interior of the furnace 12 and is formed by a high temperature adhesive.
- a second splice 60 is formed between the end 54 and the coated part 57 outside the wall 56.
- the adhesive may here be less heat-resistant.
- an adhesive is used which is adapted to the properties of the coating, in particular a polyimide adhesive.
- connection of the lines 17a, 17b to the reactor tubes 18,19 may be formed analogously to the preceding embodiments.
- thermally insensitive materials for the lines 17a, 17b and the corresponding adhesive because of the possible following the gas chromatograph 15 higher temperatures.
- Reactor tubes and Cables are non-detachably connected to each other and are exchanged together if necessary.
- detachable connections or branches between the lines 17a, 17b, 20,21 on the one hand and the branch 17 or the switching device 22 on the other hand are provided.
- Such releasable connections are known and need not be explained in detail.
- the lines can also be coupled via detachable connections to the gas chromatograph 15 on the one hand and the cold trap 33 on the other hand or with other components of the apparatus.
- a highly heat-resistant line 20 is used, it can also be led into the furnace 12 through the wall 56 and end there, see example b) of FIG. 7. Accordingly, the end 54 of the reactor tube inside the furnace 12 does not extend to the wall 56 zoom.
- the proposed splice 59 is high heat resistant.
- FIG 8 shows a series connection of the two reactors 18, 19.
- the reactor 18 is connected via the branch 17 to the first gas path 16.
- a controllable valve 61st From the branch 17 runs parallel to the reactor 18, a bypass line 62, provided with a controllable valve 63rd
- the conduit 20 connects the reactor 18 to the second reactor 19 and has two branches 64, 65.
- the bypass line 62 opens into the junction 64.
- a further bypass line 66 runs parallel to the reactor 19 up to a junction 67 in the line 21 adjoining the reactor 19.
- Controllable valves are also provided between the reactor 18 and the branch 64 (valve 68), between the branch 65 and the reactor 19 (valve 69), in the bypass line 66 (valve 70) and between the branch 67 and the reactor 19 (valve 71).
- FIG. 8 Following the line 21, only the interface 13 and the detector 10 are shown in FIG. 8.
- other device components may be provided, for example, the parts drawn in Fig. 1 between the switching means 22 and the interface 13.
- the inactive reactor is cooled.
- the gas can be routed past one or both reactors.
- backflows or outgassing are prevented by the valves mentioned.
- the representation according to FIG. 8 is to be understood purely schematically.
- the two reactors can also be arranged spatially parallel next to one another. The series connection of the reactors is then obtained by appropriate guidance of said lines, in particular the line 20th
- FIG. 9 Particulars with regard to operation and structure are also shown in FIG. 9.
- the two reactors 18, 19 are provided for an alternating analysis and regeneration operation. Downstream of the two reactors is also shown in FIG. 1 switching device 22.
- a switching device 72 with the same or similar functionality is the reactors 18, 19 also upstream.
- a gas source such as the gas chromatograph 1 1 via the gas path 16, and via a further gas path 73, a gas receptacle 74, in particular for separated, not further usable gases, for example, filtered or chemical to be converted.
- a gas source 76 which is preferably gas for the regeneration of the reactors 18, 19 z. B. provides in countercurrent.
- a gas source 76 which is preferably gas for the regeneration of the reactors 18, 19 z. B. provides in countercurrent.
- the lower reactor 19 is being regenerated while gas is thermally treated by the upper reactor 18 for analysis.
- the gas to be analyzed passes through the switching device 22 in the second gas path 23 to the detector 10.
- various functionalities may be provided, for example, analogous to FIG. 1.
- the two reactors 18, 19 can each be assigned their own ovens with their own insulation 77, 78.
- the reactors 18, 19 can also be arranged in a common furnace with common insulation corresponding to the furnace 12 in FIG.
- the two reactors 18, 19 are preceded by two gas chromatographs or a gas chromatograph 11 with two GC columns 15, 15a.
- the GC column 15 is connected via the gas path 16 to the reactor 19.
- the branch 26 is provided with the branch 27 and the detector 28 as shown in FIG.
- the GC column 15a is connected to the reactor 18 via the gas path 16a.
- the GC column 15a is preceded by an injector 14a.
- the two injectors 14, 14a with the GC columns 15, 15a can independently provide gas samples.
- a switching device corresponding to the switching device 72 can also be provided between the gas paths 16, 16a and the reactors 18, 19, as in FIG. 9 in conjunction with the branches 17a, 17b shown there.
- the GC columns "15, 15a may then optionally with one of the two reactors 18 are connected 19th
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1000956A GB2463612B (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Device for providing gases, in particular for isotopic ratio analysis |
US12/668,011 US8578755B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Device for providing gases, in particular for isotopic ratio analysis |
DE112008001753.0T DE112008001753B4 (de) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Einrichtung zur Bereitstellung von Gasen, insbesondere für die Isotopenverhältnisanalyse |
US14/077,130 US9709537B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2013-11-11 | Device for providing gases, in particular for isotopic ratio analysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007031680.3 | 2007-07-06 | ||
DE102007031680A DE102007031680A1 (de) | 2007-07-06 | 2007-07-06 | Einrichtung zur Bereitstellung von Gasen, insbesondere für die Isotopenverhältnisanalyse |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/668,011 A-371-Of-International US8578755B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Device for providing gases, in particular for isotopic ratio analysis |
US14/077,130 Continuation US9709537B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2013-11-11 | Device for providing gases, in particular for isotopic ratio analysis |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009007042A2 true WO2009007042A2 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2009007042A3 WO2009007042A3 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
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PCT/EP2008/005363 WO2009007042A2 (de) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Einrichtung zur bereitstellung von gasen, insbesondere für die isotopenverhältnisanalyse |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US8578755B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102007031680A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2463612B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009007042A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN109632412A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | 一种用于微量氮转化n2o的辅助装置 |
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DE102008016583A1 (de) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-01 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bildung von CO2, N2 und/oder SO2 aus einer Probe |
DE102010039275B4 (de) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-10-18 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur online-Bestimmung des Isotopenverhältnisses von Chlor, Brom oder Schwefel in einer organischen Probe |
GB2537914B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2019-03-20 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Flow reduction system for isotope ratio measurements |
CN104977378B (zh) * | 2015-06-03 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | 低含量碳氮样品同位素双路测试装置 |
WO2017114654A1 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-06 | Total Raffinage Chimie | Method for detecting and quantifying oxygen in oxidizable compounds |
EP3306312B1 (de) * | 2016-10-10 | 2019-05-15 | Thermo Fisher Scientific S.p.A | Elementaranalysator |
CN108593848A (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 一种标准浓度样品气体产生装置及产生方法 |
WO2020121426A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 化学発光硫黄検出器 |
GB2588760B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-06-22 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Interface system and corresponding method |
GB2618073A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-11-01 | Smiths Detection Watford Ltd | Detector inlet and method |
CN115046968B (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2024-04-12 | 华中农业大学 | 植物不同组织器官光合速率同步测定系统及方法 |
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GB2270977A (en) * | 1992-09-26 | 1994-03-30 | Finnigan Mat Gmbh | Interface between a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer |
US5661038A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-08-26 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Interface system for isotopic analysis of hydrogen |
WO1997023779A1 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-07-03 | The University Court Of The University Of Dundee | Gas inlet system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109632412A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | 一种用于微量氮转化n2o的辅助装置 |
CN109632412B (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | 一种用于微量氮转化n2o的辅助装置 |
Also Published As
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DE102007031680A1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
GB2463612A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US20100212398A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
US9709537B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
US8578755B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
US20140069167A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
GB2463612B (en) | 2011-09-07 |
DE112008001753A5 (de) | 2010-07-22 |
DE112008001753B4 (de) | 2016-07-21 |
GB201000956D0 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
WO2009007042A3 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
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