Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
  • C08L9/08—Latex
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
  • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
  • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
  • C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
  • C08L25/10—Copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/22—Resiliently-mounted floors, e.g. sprung floors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/01—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
  • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
  • E04F2290/041—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against noise
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
  • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
  • E04F2290/044—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against impact

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an interfloor vibration reduction system of flat houses.
• Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0506986 is advantageous in that it provides noise prevention materials with a high viscosity and high specific gravity of 7500cps or more, which has a high frequency band noise prevention effect by using a great amount of combiners in order to increase the floor density and a great amount of cellulose fiber, such as a filler, cotton, and wastepaper, in order to increase the noise effect, but could not accomplish the noise prevention effect of the low frequency band since the storage modulus and the loss factor are very low.
• the indication of performance of five fields, including sound environment has been legalized for the purpose of ensuring pleasant housing environment.
• the floor impact sound prevention performance (lightweight impact sound, heavy weight impact sound) has been treated with very high weight as a main performance indication item regulated as the sound environment performance item in the above system
• the conventional method or patent method may not satisfy the regulations of lightweight impact sound (58dB or less) and heavy weight impact sound (5OdB or less) of the interlayer floor impact sound of the flat houses.
• the inventors of the present invention have invented a viscoelastic vibration reduction composition, which has a low viscosity, but a high storage modulus and loss factor, and has an excellent advantage in reducing impact vibration occurring by floor impact sources of floor structures, by taking the above vibration into consideration, a viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet employing the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition, a viscoelastic vibration reduction block employing the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet, and a system for reducing interfloor noise in flat houses employing the viscoelastic vibration reduction block. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
• a vibration reduction composition for reducing vibration caused by floor impact sources it is important for a vibration reduction composition for reducing vibration caused by floor impact sources to have a vibration reduction characteristic for reducing radiation noise generated by impact occurring in the flat houses. This characteristic has a close relation with the storage modulus and the loss factor of a vibration reduction composition.
• the storage modulus, the loss modulus, and the modulus of deformation of a sample are measured based on a function of the cycle (Hz) giving temperature, time, and variable weight.
• a mechanical behavior of the sample is measured by controlling the temperature, while changing the time and weight, through DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis, DIN 53513, DIN 53440, ASTM D 4065, ASTM D 4092), that is, a thermal analysis scheme.
• a phase shift occurs according to stress (typically, sinusoidal stress), which is periodically changed by time delay caused by the viscoelastic characteristic of material. It generates a phase shift between applied stress and expansion.
• the elastic modulus which is measured by dynamically considering the phase shift, is represented by G' (storage modulus) and G" (loss modulus).
• G' is a response of a sample, which is generated together with cyclic stress as a direct result by DMA measurement, and corresponds to the reversible elasticity of the sample.
• G that is, a virtual physical property is called the loss modulus and a response, which is phase-shifted up to 90°, and corresponds to mechanical energy, which is converted into heat and lost irreversibly, tan ⁇ (tangent delta) of the phase shift is the loss factor and is used to measure a damping behavior of material.
• the vibration characteristic of the floor structure has a characteristic to causing great resonance due to use of the dampering material employing a floated floor.
• a great effect can be expected in reducing noise sources, such as heavy weight impact sound representing a great noise characteristic in low frequencies (63Hz, 125Hz), by reducing sheer strain of each layer, which greatly causes resonance.
• the loss factor of the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition of the present invention is sheeted ranges from 1.2 to 2.0, and is twice or more greater than the loss factor (0.1 to 1) of rubber and excellent as compared to concrete (0.02 to 0.06) and wood (0.005 to 0.01). Accordingly, the vibration reduction material of the present invention has an excellent vibration reduction performance in terms of noise reduction through vibration reduction. In particular, great energy and wavelength in low frequencies (63Hz, 125Hz) represent unpleasant and noisy characteristics, whereas the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet of the present invention has a characteristic in which impact sound at low frequencies is reduced and also has a vibration reduction characteristic and durability even in a change of the physical property of the vibration reduction material according to a temperature change. Accordingly, it can be expected that the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet of the present invention have an excellent noise reduction effect in the long term.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition is fabricated and used.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition includes constituent elements, such as Htumen, styrene-butadiene latex(l), styrene-butadiene latex(2), an emulsifier, a softener, an antifbaning agent, and an inorganic filler, and the present invention provides a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction in which the constituent elements are nixed.
• the viscoelastic composition for reducing interfloor vibration is fabricated by putting Htumen 20-42 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 12-32 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 12-32 weight%, an emulsifier 2-4 weight%, a softener 6-8 weight%, an antifbaning agent 1-3 weight%, and an inorganic filler 15-20 weight% into a nixer and nixing them in a temperature range of 100 to 150 0 C for 20 to 30 minutes, thus having an excellent vibration reduction.
• a method of fabricating the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction according to the present invention includes putting Htumen into a nixer, heating the Htumen in a temperature range of 100 to 150 0 C, putting styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2), an emulsifier, and a softener into the heated Htumen, uniformly nixing them, adding an inorganic filler and an antifbaning agent to the homogenized mixture, uniformly nixing the homogenized mixture to which the inorganic filler and the an- tifbaning agent are added again, thereby fabricating the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction according to the present invention.
• the heating temperature is 100 0 C or less, the Htumen is not melted sufficiently, making it difficult homogeneous nixing.
• the temperature is 150 0 C or higher, the Htumen is burnt, deteriorating the physical property.
• the Htumen constituting the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition of the present invention has a great moisture-proofing and viscosity, a good thermo- sensibility, an excellent adhesive property, plasticity, waterproof and electrical insulating property.
• the Htumen functions to attenuate sheer strain of impact transfer energy in which vibration caused by impact sound occurring in an upper floor structure of a flat house is transferred through a stacked structure and therefore represents a noise reduction performance through reduction of a vibration acceleration level.
• Htumen used in the present invention is referred as asphalt in U.S.A. and
• Htumen material obtained from drying of wood or coal is generally called tar
• black carbonaceous solid residues obtained by distilling tar is called pitch.
• the Htumen used in the present invention includes asphalt, tar, and pitch.
• Htumen has the angles degree (25 0 C) 1 to 15 indicating the viscosity, the degree of penetration (25 0 C, lOOg 5sec) (1/lOmm) of 40 to 300, the softening point ( 0 C) of 30 to 60 0 C, and the degree of elongation (15 0 C, 5mm/min) (cm) of 100 or more, it can be used as Htumen, which is used in the present invention.
• Htumen has a high viscosity at high temperature and low stiffness at low temperature.
• the angles degree has the above range or less, workability is weak in the fabrication process and the loss factor of the physical properties of the viscoelastic vibration reduction material is low.
• the angles degree has the above range or more, workability is low in the fabrication process of a product shape of the viscoelastic vibration reduction material.
• the degree of penetration (25 0 C, lOOg 5sec) (1/lOmm) is a value indicating the stiffness of Htumen and is measured by a length in which a predetermined stylus is vertically penetrated at a predetermined temperature (25 0 C), load (10Og), and time (5 seconds).
• a predetermined temperature 25 0 C
• load 10Og
• time 5 seconds
• the softening point refers to a temperature at which material begins softening and then goes down to a prescribed distance (25.4mm).
• the softening point decides a thermal change temperature of a state, which is generated in Htumen.
• Htumen having the softening point lower than the above range has low heat resistance and cannot be easily used and processed at high temperature.
• Htumen having the softening point higher than the above range has deteriorated product shape workability. In the degree of elongation, if an elongation characteristic exceeds the above range even if other physical properties, such as the degree of penetration, is satisfied, durability is deteriorated.
• Htumen of the viscoelastic vibration reduction material is used in an amount of 20 to 42 weight% based on the total composition.
• a vibration reduction characteristic is degraded.
• the Htumen flows well, thus making poor fluidity and it difficult a uniform mixing in a mixing process for forming a composition. Further, when a sheet is fabricated, ductility is increased, a product shape is made difficult, and workability due to increased energy consumption is deteriorated.
• the Htumen itself shows a characteristic that represents impact sound representing a vibration characteristic having a great energy and wavelength at low frequencies (63Hz, 125Hz), of impact sources, but has limits to a vibration reduction characteristic and physical durability according to a change of temperature. Accordingly, the Htumen cannot be used to fabricate products having an appropriate storage modulus.
• Styrene-butadiene latex(l) is styrene-butadiene latex of a high concentration, having an excellent foam safety and can be used as foam rubber and foam backing solely.
• Styrene-butadiene latex(l) has a large use particle size and a high concentration as an impact-resistant reinforcement material and showed an excellent processing quality in rubber sponge products.
• styrene-butadiene latex(2) is styrene-butadiene latex having high contents of styrene and is used for stiffness reinforcement of form products.
• the two products are nixed with Htumen and have an excellent action to reduce vibration of floor impact sound as an impact reinforcement material.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(l) gives an optimal viscosity and durability, which can reduce impact force of a low frequency band in a reaction with the Htumen by the physical characteristics such as viscosity and surface tension due to the construction of a high solid contact (60 to 70%), and also gives characteristics of a mixture having a good thermo-sensibility and an excellent adhesive property, plasticity, waterproof, and electrical insulating property.
• the weight ratio of solid contact in a total amount of latex has an influence on the viscosity of latex and is an important factor to affect adhesiveness, water permeability, and so on of a vibration reduction composition in which latex is nixed. That is, as the contents of the solid contact increases, the viscosity of latex is increased, and if the contents of the solid contact are smaller than the contents of an allowable solid contact, a vibration reduction characteristic reduces abruptly.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(l) in order for the styrene-butadiene latex(l) to have a vibration reduction characteristic of middle and high frequency bands along with a vibration reduction ability of a low frequency band through a reaction with the Htumen in consideration of this fact, the styrene-butadiene latex(l) having the solid contact of 60-70 weight%, pH 8.0 to 10.5, surface tension 30 to 35dyne/cm, viscosity 800cps or less, and specific gravity 0.90 to 0.99 was used.
• the floor structure of a flat house is made to have surface tension of 30 to 35 such that it has a characteristic that reduces noise of middle and high frequency bands while attenuating sheer strain at a layer structure, which is generated by the influence of transfer energy due to vibration, which is generated by upper impact force.
• the reduction characteristic of specific frequency bands 63Hz, 125Hz
• the vibration reduction characteristics is effective, but cannot be expected to reduce noise of middle and high frequency bands and has a difficulty in a product shape.
• the material is used in an amount of 32 weight% or more, viscosity is increased, which makes it impossible to expect the vibration reduction effect of a low frequency.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(2) can have its stiffness controlled according to the addition amount in the reaction of the styrene- butadiene latex(l) and the Htumen.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(2) is added for the purpose of supplementing the vibration reduction characteristic together with a structural stability against impact force, concentration and motion load according to the laminated structure in a flat house structure inherent in vibration reduction materials.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(2) has the solid contact of 40 to 59 weight% and preferably has pH 8.0 to 10.5, surface tension 35 to 50dyne/cm, viscosity 100 to 200cps, and specific gravity 1.0 to 1.1 and is useful in optimizing the structural safety effect in a Korean underfloor heating structure constituting a complex structure.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(2) is used in an amount of 12 weight% or less, it is not effective in the structural safety against impact force, concentration and motion load according to a complex structure in a flat house structure inherent. If the styrene-butadiene latex(2) is used in an amount of 32 weight% or more, viscosity falls short of, which makes it impossible to expect the vibration reduction effect.
• the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2) of the present invention has great impact absorbency and functions to reduce impact energy of floor impact sound.
• styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2) instead of the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2), one kind selected from a group comprised of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber, styrene- isoprene-styrene (SIS) rubber, chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber (HR), acryl rubber (ACM), and chloropolyethylene rubber (CSM), which are known in the field, and a mixture thereof can be used as a replacement material.
• NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
• IR isoprene rubber
• SBR styrene- butadiene rubber
• SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene
• SIS st
• the styrene- butadiene latex(l), (2) are not suitable to fabricate the sheet for vibration reduction since they cannot maintain more stable and stronger bonding and cannot also expect a desired reduction characteristic even in the floor impact sound reduction effect of a flat house structure.
• paraffin-based oil which was needed to uniformly nix the Htumen and the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2) in the chemical reaction of the Htumen and the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2) so as to increase dis- persability, was appropriately as an emulsifier.
• the paraffin-based oil makes electric charges floated on Htumen drops so that they are not attached together and are well nixed with water, thus functioning to smoothly help the nixing of the Htumen and the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2).
• the paraffin-based oil is preferably used in an amount of 2 to
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction of the present invention uses process oil as a softener for the purpose of facilitating wet construction work of the composition and uniformly nix each composition.
• the process oil preferably has the composition ratio of aromatic-based hydrocarbon 5 to 25 weight%, naphthene-based hydrocarbon 35 to 55 weight%, and paraffin-based hydrocarbon 35 to 45 weight%.
• the process oil is used in an amount of 6 to 8 weight% based on a total amount of the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition.
• the inorganic filler used serves as a filling and reinforcement material and has the grain size of 0.01/M to 10.0mm such that it can be easily nixed with other compositions.
• the grain size is 0.01/M or less or exceeds 10.0mm, cohesion or separation is generated between the inorganic fillers, making it difficult uniform nixing.
• the grain size should be properly selected within the range.
• the inorganic filler used in the present invention preferably includes one kind of material selected from the group comprised of potassium carbonate, talc, clay, silica, and nica or two or more kinds of a mixture. This inorganic filler is used in an amount of 15 to 20 weight% based on a total amount of the vibration reduction composition.
• the inorganic filler When the inorganic filler is 15 weight% or less, workability is lowered and, when the inorganic filler exceeds 20 weight%, the vibration reduction characteristic and adhesiveness are lowered. Accordingly, the inorganic filler should be properly selected within the range.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction including the constituent elements constituting the present invention, that is, the Htumen, the styrene-butadiene latex(l), (2), the emulsifier, the softener, and the inorganic filler, may be problematic in that it may have bubbles in a mixing process.
• the bubbles are likely to lower a reduction characteristic when the viscoelastic composition is applied to a floor structure of viscoelastic vibration reduction material. It is thus preferred that the bubbles be prohibited to the greatest extent in the mixing process.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction of the present invention includes a mineral oil type antifoaning agent, which is used in an amount of 1 to 3 weight% based on a total amount of the composition in order to realize the bubble prohibition effect.
• the contents of the antifoaning agent when the contents of the antifoaning agent is 1 weight% or less, bubbles are generated, lowering the physical property. If the contents of the antifoaning agent exceed 3 weight%, it is not economical since further effects cannot be obtained. Accordingly, it is preferred that the contents of the antifoaning agent be used within the range.
• the antifoaning agent that can be used in the present invention can use a silicon de- generation type antifoaning agent as well as the mineral oil type antifoaning agent, or a mixture thereof
• a viscoelastic sheet for vibration reduction is fabricated by making it in a sheet shape such that the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition of the present invention has the thickness of l-20mm.
• the laminating that is, sheeting method of the present invention using the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition can include a method of putting the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction into a compressive molding machine and extruding the viscoelastic composition in a specific thickness using a T-die, a method of inserting the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction of the present invention between both rollers disposed up and down and compressing and molding the viscoelastic composition, a complex molding method of putting the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition into a compressive molding machine, extruding and molding the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition through a T-die, and again compressing and molding the viscoelastic vibration reduction composition using a roller, or the like.
• the laminating that is, sheetingof the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction of the present invention can be molded using any one of the above methods.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet which is sheeted using the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction of the present invention, is molded to have the thickness of l-20mm depending on its use, and the length (traverse x longitudinal) and width of the sheet are not specially limited.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet fabricated as described above is cut in various forms such as a regular hexahedron, a rectangular parallelepiped, deltahedron, trapezohedron or an octahedron, which has a specific size, and then attached to a surface of a lightweight foamed concrete block or an ALC (Autoclaved lightweight Concrete) block, thus forming a viscoelastic vibration reduction block.
• the ALC block is a kind of a lightweight foamed concrete block, which is fabricated in a factory and cured using vapor, and is included in the lightweight foamed concrete block.
• the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block be regular trapezohedron whose lengths in the traverse and longitudinal axes are about 300-600mm in terms of the vibration reduction effect and workability and be 20-60mm in height, but not specifically limited thereto.
• the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block can be fabricated in various forms such as regular hexahedron, rectangular hexahedron, deltahedron, trapezohedron, hexahedron, and octahedron.
• the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block when molded, it can be fabricated to have a groove for a hot water pipes or a hollow layer on or below the block (refer to FIGS. 12, 14, 15 and 16).
• the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block can also be fabricated using material for heat storage such as calcite (CaCO ) or sludge.
• the thickness of the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet which is cut and adhered on the surface of the viscoelastic vibration reduction block, is preferably in the range of l-20mm in terms of the vibration reduction effect and most preferably 3mm in terms of the vibration reduction effect and economy. However, when the thickness of the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is lmm or less, the construction work effect is abruptly lowered.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet adhered on the surface of the viscoelastic vibration reduction block of the present invention is adhered on two neighboring sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in order to fabricate the viscoelastic vibration reduction block. That is, if the block in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet are adhered on neighboring two sides are paved, the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is intervened between the blocks, so that experimental results in which the vibration reduction effects of the blocks are similar to that of a block to four sides of which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is adhered were obtained.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction block can be fabricated and used by attaching the viscoelastic vibration reduction block to two to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block of the present invention (refer to FIG. 7), by attaching the viscoelastic vibration reduction block to two to four sides and a bottom surface of the lightweight foamed concrete block (refer to FIG. 8), and by previously attaching the viscoelastic vibration reduction block to two to four sides and a bottom surface, sometimes, a top surface, i.e., the entire lightweight foamed concrete block of the lightweight foamed concrete block although not shown in the drawing.
• FIG. 1 is a detailed model of an interfloor noise prevention structure, comprising the lightweight foamed concrete layer and the dampering material layer, which has been used as a reduction method of reducing floor impact sound in most of the conventional flat houses, so-called the transfer and reduction principle of vibration in the floated floor structure.
• the floor has acoustic radiation caused by bending vibration.
• the most important wave motion is bending wave.
• Displacement of a lateral direction in the bending wave is relatively greater than that in a longitudinal wave or a traverse wave, and a significant part of energy is transferred by the bending wave.
• the bending wave generates mutual interference with neighboring media and is transferred while vertically deforming constituent elements in an energy progress direction. Accordingly, the bending wave generates an energy exchange with other media, which are major transfer media of energy and like air transfer sound, and plays an important in acoustic radiation.
• the above bending wave can be expressed in the following equation when assuming that the floor slab of a bearing wall structure is a flat sheet. It is assumed that displacement ⁇ (x,y,z) of the flat sheet is generated in a z direction, which is vertical to a xy plane, and is very small as compared to a thickness h of the flat sheet. Accordingly, it can be assumed that a central plane passing through the center of the flat sheet is not deformed during bending. Further, a free vibration kinetic equation of the flat sheet when assuming that vertical stress acting on the lateral direction of the sheet is negligible can be expressed in the following equations 2 and 3.
• Equation 4 E is the elastic modulus
• v is the Poisson's ratio
• h is the thickness of the flat sheet.
• the biharmonic operator is a fourth differential operator and expressed in the following Equation 4 in the event of a rectangular coordinate system.
• V X d x* + 2 - d x' 2 dy 2 +. d 8 y' 4
• a Newton-Raphson method was selected from several iteration methods.
• the Newton-Raphson method is as follows. Assuming that an initial assumption value of a root is x , a tangent line adjoining a point [x , f (x )] can be i i i found. A point where the tangent line intersects an x axis becomes an improved root x . In terms of geometry, a slope in [x , f (x )] becomes the following Equation 10. i+l i i
• [108] x which is obtained through repetitive calculation until the error function is converged on 0 by inputting x to the following repetitive calculation is an input i+l frequency of the viscoelastic material or the natural frequency obtained from the RKU sandwich beam/the flat sheet equation.
• An optimal thickness of the reduction material was obtained using the physical property value of the frequency.
• the floor slab is blocked and the viscoelastic material is constructed between the blocks. Accordingly, the primary impact force transferred from the finishing mortar layer (the Korean underfloor heating system structure) to the slab was reduced, and the amount of refracted waves was decreased by reducing or making zero repeated vibration.
• the finishing mortar layer the Korean underfloor heating system structure
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is adhered and used. Accordingly, when a subject experiences impact sources, the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet has both flows of elastic deformation and viscosity and thus performs vibration insulation such that vibration generated from an upper side and vibration generated from the blocks are not moved horizontally, thereby reducing vibration energy transferred to the bearing wall structure.
• the lightweight foamed concrete layer is divided into a block shape of a specific size such that sheer strain is not generated in the entire viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer and the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is attached to two to four sides of the ALC block or the lightweight foamed concrete block such that sheer strain is generated only in a specific vibration reduction block to which impact force has been applied, but is not transferred to other vibration reduction blocks.
• the vibration reduction block has a low vibration reduction effect, but can be molded by a competitor such that an underlying structure has a hollow layer (refer to FIG. 14).
• a heating pipe can also be installed over the vibration reduction block by a competitor in order to improve construction workability (refer to FIGS. 12, 15, and 16).
• the viscoelastic sheet for vibration reduction is attached to two to four sides and a bottom surface of the ALC block or the lightweight foamed concrete block in order to prevent sheer strain from being transferred downwardly.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet is attached to two to four sides, a bottom surface and a top surface of the ALC block or the lightweight foamed concrete block in order to prevent sheer strain from being transferred upward and downwardly. Furthermore, since vibration is reduced in the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet and a resonance phenomenon is controlled, an excellent advantage in which noise is prevented can be obtained.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet of the present invention has viscosity. Thus, when adhering the lightweight foamed concrete block or the ALC block, it is easily adhered without great force and is not detached easily.
• the conventional dampering materials for preventing interfloor noise such as polyethylene foam and polyurethane foam, can replace the viscoelastic sheet for vibration reduction according to the present invention, they have a significantly low effect as compared to the sheet of the present invention.
• the present invention is advantageous in that it provides a new type of a viscoelastic composition for reducing interfloor vibration of flat houses, having a low viscosity and a great storage modulus and loss factor, and the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet employing the same, and also has an excellent advantage in that the block employing the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet and a system for reducing interfloor noise in flat houses employing the same.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional interfloor noise prevention structure analysis model
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a vibration reduction structure analysis model of the present invention
• FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of a conventional interfloor noise prevention structure
• FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of the present invention
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of the present invention
• FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block according to the present invention
• FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional interfloor noise prevention structure analysis model
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a vibration reduction structure analysis model of the present invention
• FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of a conventional interfloor noise prevention structure
• FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of the present invention
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block
• FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of still another embodiment of a viscoelastic vibration reduction block according to the present invention.
• FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a structure showing a first embodiment of an interfloor noise prevention structure employing the vibration reduction block of the present invention.
• FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a structure showing a second embodiment of an interfloor noise prevention structure employing the vibration reduction block of the present invention;
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a structure showing a third embodiment of an interfloor noise prevention structure employing the vibration reduction block of the present invention.
• FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a structure showing still another embodiment of an interfloor noise prevention structure employing the vibration reduction block of the present invention.
• FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a structure showing further still another embodiment of an interfloor noise prevention structure employing the vibration reduction block of the present invention.
• FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate modified embodiments of lightweight foamed concrete of the vibration reduction block of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
• An embodiment 1 is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which a viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 55 is paved over a floor concrete slab layer 10 to thereby form a viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer, a viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which a viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block 40 is paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer to thereby form a viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, and a finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, as the cross section of a preferred structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9.
• An embodiment 2 is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which lightweight foamed concrete 20 is paved over the floor concrete slab layer 10 to thereby form a lightweight foamed concrete layer of a specific thickness, the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 55 is paved over the lightweight foamed concrete layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block 40 is paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, as the cross section of another preferred structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 10.
• An embodiment 3 is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which dampering material comprised of foamed synthetic rubber or polyethylene foam is paved over the floor concrete slab layer 10 to thereby form a dampering material layer 16 of a specific thickness, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 40 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block is paved over the dampering material layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer 65, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted are formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, as the cross section of still another preferred structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11.
• the vibration reduction sheet 50 does not function to reduce vibration, which is generated when the vibration reduction sheet integrally behaves with upper and lower structures that experiences sheer strain. Accordingly, it does not comply with CLD (constrained-layer damping), that is, the principle in which the viscoelastic material is reduced in the structure, so that noise cannot be reduced significantly.
• CLD constrained-layer damping
• An embodiment 4 is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which dampering material comprised of polyethylene (PEF) is paved over the floor concrete slab layer 10 to thereby form the dampering material layer 16 of a specific thickness, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block 40 is paved over the dampering material layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer 65, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, as the cross section of further still another preferred structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. 12.
• PEF polyethylene
• An embodiment 5 is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which EPS
• An embodiment 6, being as another embodiment of FIG. 13, is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) dampering material is paved over the floor concrete slab layer 10 unlike the EPS of the embodiment 5, thus forming the dampering material layer 16 of a specific thickness, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 40 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block 40 is paved over the dampering material layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer 65, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• EPP Expanded Polypropylene
• An embodiment 7, being as still another embodiment of FIG. 13, is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which dampering material comprised of polyurethane foam (PUF) is paved on the floor concrete slab layer 10 unlike the embodiments 5 and 6, thus forming the dampering material layer 16 of a specific thickness, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 40 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block is paved over the dampering material layer to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer 65, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• PAF polyurethane foam
• An embodiment 8, being as further still another embodiment of FIG. 13, is an interfloor noise prevention structure in which a frothing aluminum foam sheet 16 is paved over the floor concrete slab layer 10 unlike the embodiment 7, thus forming a structural layer of a specific thickness, the 3mm- thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is paved over the frothing aluminum layer, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 is attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block is paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet to thereby form the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer 65, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which the hot water pipes 30 are inserted is formed over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• the materials of the block can include material to which CaCO , sludge is added as heat storage material. It is to be understood that this
• ALC can be used instead of the lightweight foamed concrete in consideration of insulation. It is also to be understood that this change of the material fells within the scope of the present invention.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifbaning agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of an ALC block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• the 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was paved over a floor concrete slab layer (1800mm), the viscoelastic vibration reduction block was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer, and a 50mm finishing mortar layer into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure.
• Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifbaning agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of an ALC block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoarring agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• a 20mm- thick dampering material comprised of polyethylene foam was paved over a floor concrete slab layer, the viscoelastic vibration reduction block was paved over dampering material, and a 50mm finishing mortar layer into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure.
• Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoarring agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0 C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 was attached to four sides of the lightweight foamed concrete block was paved over the floor concrete slab layer, thereby forming a viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, and the finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure.
• Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoaning agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• the EPS (Expandable Polystyrene) dampering material 16 was paved over a floor concrete slab layer, thereby forming a dampering material layer of a specific thickness, and the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 was attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block was paved over the dampering material layer, thereby forming a viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• the finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure. Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoaning agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• the EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) dampering material 16 was paved over a floor concrete slab layer, thereby forming a dampering material layer of a specific thickness, and the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 was attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block was paved over the dampering material layer, thereby forming a viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• the finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure. Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoaning agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• the dampering material 16 comprised of polyurethane foam was paved over a floor concrete slab layer, thereby forming a dampering material layer of a specific thickness, and the vis- coelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 was attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block was paved over the dampering material layer, thereby forming a viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer.
• the finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thereby constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure. Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Htumen 30 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(l) 20 weight%, styrene-butadiene latex(2) 20 weight%, paraffin-based oil 3 weight% as an emulsifier, process oil 7 weight% as a softener, mineral oil type antifoarring agent 2 weight%, and potassium carbonate 18 weight% were put into a nixer and nixed in a temperature range of 130 0C for 30 minutes, thus fabricating a viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction.
• the viscoelastic composition for vibration reduction was put into a compressive molding machine, passed through a T die, extruded and molded, and then compressed using a roller again, thereby fabricating a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet.
• the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was cut and then attached to four sides of an ALC block, thereby fabricating a viscoelastic vibration reduction block of 600mm in width and length and 40mm in thickness.
• a frothing aluminum foam sheet was paved over the floor concrete slab layer, thus forming a structural layer of a specific thickness.
• a 3mm-thick viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet was paved over the frothing aluminum layer, and the viscoelastic vibration reduction block 65 in which the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet 50 was attached to four sides of a lightweight foamed concrete block was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet layer.
• the finishing mortar layer 35 into which hot water pipes were inserted was paved over the viscoelastic vibration reduction block layer, thus constructing an interfloor noise prevention structure.
• Experimental results of the interfloor noise prevention structure with respect to lightweight impact sound and heavy weight impact sound were listed in Table 2.
• Impact sound was generated using standard lightweight/heavy weight impact sources over a target measuring floor, and five points, which were averagely distributed, including one point near a central point within a floor plane, which was spaced apart from surrounding walls by 75cm or more, were set.
• a measuring frequency of 63 to 2000Hz is 1/1 octave frequency measurement
• an impact sound level was calculated by calculating an impact source as a last characteristic noise characteristic maximum value with respect to three-times excitation.
• an impact sound level was calculated as an equivalent noise level (Leq) for 6 seconds.
• Each numerical evaluation level was evaluated using an evaluation method by an inverse A characteristic curve, of the evaluation methods defined in KS F 2863-1 and 2863-2.
• the comparison example 1 and the comparison example 2 were tested and evaluated under the condition that dampering material comprised of foamed synthetic rubber (comparison example 1) or polyethylene foam (comparison example 2) was paved over a floor concrete slab to thereby form a dampering material layer, lightweight foamed concrete was paved on the dampering material layer to thereby form a lightweight foamed concrete layer, and a finishing mortar into which hot water pipes were inserted was constructed over the lightweight foamed concrete layer.
• dampering material comprised of foamed synthetic rubber (comparison example 1) or polyethylene foam (comparison example 2) was paved over a floor concrete slab to thereby form a dampering material layer
• lightweight foamed concrete was paved on the dampering material layer to thereby form a lightweight foamed concrete layer
• a finishing mortar into which hot water pipes were inserted was constructed over the lightweight foamed concrete layer.
• a difference in the dampering material had not a significant influence on the amount of lightweight impact sound and the amount of heavy weight impact sound
• the present invention has an outstanding advantage of providing a new viscoelastic composition for interfloor vibration reduction of flat houses, having a low viscosity and a great storage modulus and loss factor, and a viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet employing the same. Further, the present invention has an outstanding advantage of providing a block employing the viscoelastic vibration reduction sheet and a system for reducing interfloor noise in flat houses using the same. Accordingly, the present invention is very useful in the construction material industry and the architecture industry.

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