Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/324—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black
  • C09D11/326—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black characterised by the pigment dispersant
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
  • C09D17/002—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints in organic medium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
  • C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
  • C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
  • C08F212/08—Styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
  • C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
  • C08F220/1812—C12-(meth)acrylate, e.g. lauryl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
  • C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
  • C08F220/301—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and one oxygen in the alcohol moiety

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel nonionic copolymers which are used as dispersants for water-based pigment preparations, and to a process for preparing these copolymers.
• Dispersants are usually necessary for the dispersion of pigments in the liquid medium. These dispersants, supported by suitable surfactants, also called wetting agents, promote the wetting of the pigments to be dispersed as surface-active agents and facilitate the breaking up of agglomerates and aggregates in the preparation of the pigment dispersion, which is generally accomplished by means of grinding, in order to achieve high mechanical properties To enter forces into the system. Dispersants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or neutral. They may be of low molecular nature or represent higher molecular weight polymers which form a random, alternating, block-like, comb-like or star-shaped architecture of the polymerized monomers. Of particular commercial importance are dispersants for example for the
• Comb polymers are usually prepared using comonomers based on mono (meth) acrylic esters and differ from other polymeric dispersants in that they have a clearly ordered structure because hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity are split between the main and the side chains can be.
• EP 1 293 523 describes a dispersant which is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 5,000 to 100,000 and 20 to 80% by weight of a hydrophilic backbone and 80 to 20% by weight of macromonomer side chains.
• the backbone consists, based on the weight of the backbone, of from 70 to 98% by weight of polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain no carboxyl groups and from 2 to 30% by weight of polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers which carry a carboxyl group, wherein at least 10% of the carboxyl groups are neutralized with an amine or an inorganic base.
• the backbone has hydrophilic properties compared to the side chains.
• the side chains consist of macromonomers of polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
• EP 1 081 169 describes branched polymers which are derived from the following monomer mixture:
• Macromonomer having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000, and (C) 5 to 25% by weight of at least one polymerizable imidazole derivative.
• EP 1 562 696 describes polymeric dispersants prepared in aqueous emulsion polymerization which are synthesized with macromonomers consisting of polyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylates.
• the main chain of the polymer must contain ethylenically unsaturated monomers having at least one amino group.
• dispersions (ii) form dispersions of high and reproducible tinting strength; (iii) avoiding reagglomeration of the pigment particles; (iv) Broad compatibility and freedom from foaming of the dispersions. Usually, dispersions solidify during a 4 week storage at 50 ° C.
• the conventional novolak dispersants contain radicals of alkylphenols, frequently nonylphenol, and their ethoxylates. Since Alkylphenolethoxylate or their degradation products are hardly degraded in the environment, they accumulate. This is problematic because they have a hormonal effect on aquatic organisms. Therefore, legislation has been adopted in many countries (eg 2003/53 / EC) restricting or prohibiting the use of substances containing alkylphenols or their ethoxylates in open material cycles.
• dispersants which are able to disperse low-viscosity organic pigments in a high concentration of more than 40%.
• the dispersions must be easy to prepare, ie.
• the pigments must be readily wettable and easily incorporated into the aqueous medium.
• the dispersion must have a high and reproducible color strength and keep it stable over a period of several years. Likewise, all other coloristic parameters such. As the hue angle and purity can be reproduced and stable.
• the dispersion must have a low viscosity; The pigments must neither agglomerate nor flocculate, nor may they float or sediment.
• the dispersion should not foam or cause or accelerate foaming in the application medium. Furthermore, the dispersants should contribute to a broad compatibility of the dispersions in various application media. In addition, the dispersion must be shear stable, ie it may under Shearing does not change the color strength or coloristic and the dispersion must remain flocculation stable under these conditions.
• Polyethylene / polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylic acid esters are made to fulfill this task.
• the invention therefore relates to copolymers obtainable by polymerization of the monomers (A), (B) and (C), wherein
• A is C 2 - to C 4 -alkyl and alkylene
• B is a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene different from A
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• m is a number from 1 to 500, preferably from 1 to 50
• n is a number from 1 to 500, preferably 1 to 50, wherein the sum m + n is 2 to 1,000;
• (C) is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing an alkyl radical.
• the copolymer of the present invention has conventional terminal groups which are formed by the initiation of the radical polymerization or by chain transfer reactions or by chain termination reactions, for example, a proton, a radical initiator group or a sulfur-containing chain transfer agent group.
• the molar ratio of the monomers is preferably 1 to 80% for the monomer (A), 0.1 to 80% for the monomer (B), and 0.1 to 80% for the monomer (C). More preferably, the molar ratio of the monomers is 10 to 70% for monomer (A), 10 to 60% for monomer (B) and 10 to 60% for monomer (C).
• the alkylene oxide units (AO) m and (BO) n can be either random or, as in the case of a preferred embodiment, arranged in a block.
• (AO) m is propylene oxide units and (BO) n is ethylene oxide units
• (AO) m is ethylene oxide units and (BO) n is propylene oxide units, wherein the molar fraction of ethylene oxide units preferably 50 to 98%, in particular 60 to 95%, particularly preferably 70 to 95%, based on the sum (100%) of the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units, is.
• Preferred monomers (B) can be described by the formula (IIa) or formula (IIb): for example z a
• X 3 is an aromatic or araliphatic radical having 3 to 30 C atoms, which optionally contains one or more of the heteroatoms N, O and S,
• Z 3 is H or (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl
• Z b is H or (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl
• Z c is H or (C 1 -C 4 ) -alkyl
• R 1 is hydrogen or methyl
• X b is an aromatic or araliphatic radical having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more of the heteroatoms N, O and S
• W 3 is oxygen or the group NH.
• the monomers (B) include, for example, the following esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid: phenyl, benzyl, ToIyI, 2-phenoxyethyl, phenethyl.
• Further monomers (B) are vinylaromatic monomers such as styrene and its derivatives such as vinyltoluene, alpha-methylstyrene.
• the aromatic moiety can also be heteroaromatics, such as. In 1-vinylimidazole.
• Particularly preferred monomers (B) may be: styrene, 1-vinylimidazole, benzyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate and phenethyl methacrylate.
• Preferred monomers (C) can be described by the formula (III):
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• Y is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 C-atoms, preferably 6 to 30, in particular 9 to 20 C-atoms, which may be linear or branched, or cyclic, and the heteroatoms O, N and / or S may contain and may also be unsaturated
• W b is oxygen or the group NH.
• the monomers (C) include, for example, the following esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2 Ethylhexyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl, cyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, t-butylcyclohexyl, bornyl, isobutyl -, adamantyl-, (2,2-dimethyl-1-methyl) propyl, cyclopentyl, 4-ethyl-cyclohexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl and tetrahydropyrany
• Preferred monomers (C) are the following alkyl esters or alkyl amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, myristyl, octadecyl and particularly preferably 2 Ethylhexyl and lauryl.
• the copolymers according to the invention have a molecular weight of from 10 3 g / mol to 10 9 g / mol, more preferably from 10 3 to 10 7 g / mol, particularly preferably from 10 3 to 10 5 g / mol.
• polyalkylene glycol side chains of the polymer are not pure polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols. Instead, the polyalkylene glycols are either random or block polyalkylene glycols of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide units. Only the fine tuning of this EO / PO ratio enables polymeric dispersants suitable for producing high concentration, low viscosity pigment dispersions.
• the optimized ratios of the EO / PO content in the monomer (A) in combination with the aromatic and aliphatic monomers (B) and (C) make it possible to replicate the properties of novolak-type dispersants in such a way that a very similar property profile is obtained.
• the polymers according to the invention contain no monomers with free ones Carboxylate groups.
• polymers with carboxylate groups on the polymer backbone are not suitable for the preparation of pigment dispersions with high concentrations of organic pigments of more than 40%, since they lead to high viscosities.
• the copolymers of the invention can be prepared by free-radical polymerization.
• the polymerization reaction may be carried out continuously, discontinuously or semi-continuously.
• the polymerization reaction is advantageously conducted as precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, bulk polymerization or gel polymerization.
• Particularly advantageous for the property profile of the copolymers according to the invention is the solution polymerization.
• Solvents used for the polymerization reaction are all organic or inorganic solvents which are largely inert with respect to free-radical polymerization reactions, for example ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate or 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, and alcohols such.
• ethyl acetate ethyl acetate
• n-butyl acetate ethyl acetate
• 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate ethyl acetate
• alcohols such as ethanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol or 1-methoxy-2-propanol, also diols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
• ketones such as acetone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone and methyl ethyl ketone, alkyl esters of acetic, propionic and butyric acid such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and amyl acetate, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and dialkyl ethers may be used.
• aromatic solvents such. As toluene, xylene or higher boiling alkylbenzenes can be used. Likewise the use of
• Solvent mixtures conceivable, with the choice of solvent or solvents depending on the purpose of the inventive copolymer.
• Preferably use find water; lower alcohols; preferably methanol, ethanol, propanols, iso-, sec- and t-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, butylglycol and butyldiglycol, particularly preferably isopropanol, t-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, butylglycol and butyldiglycol; Hydrocarbons having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and mixtures and emulsions of the aforementioned compounds.
• the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out in the temperature range between 0 and 180 0 C, more preferably between 10 and 100 0 C, both at atmospheric pressure and under elevated or reduced pressure.
• the polymerization can also be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under nitrogen.
• To initiate the polymerization can high-energy, electromagnetic radiation, mechanical energy or the usual chemical polymerization initiators such as organic peroxides, eg. B. benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, coumoyl peroxide,
• organic peroxides eg. B. benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, coumoyl peroxide,
• DLP Dilauroyl peroxide
• azo initiators such as.
• AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
• ABAH azobisamidopropyl hydrochloride
• AMBN 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile
• inorganic peroxy compounds such as. B.
• reducing agents eg., Sodium hydrogen sulfite, ascorbic acid, iron (II) sulfate
• redox systems which as reducing component a aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid (eg benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid).
• molecular weight regulator the usual compounds are used. Suitable known regulators are z.
• alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol and amyl alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkylthiols, such as.
• dodecylthiol and tert-dodecylthiol thioglycolic acid, isooctylthioglycolate and some halogen compounds, such as.
• carbon tetrachloride chloroform and methylene chloride.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of the copolymer of the invention as a dispersant, in particular for pigments and fillers, for. B. in the production of water-based pigment concentrates used for coloring dispersion and enamel paints,
• Synthesis Example 7 In a flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, internal thermometer and nitrogen inlet, 210 g of polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate (molar mass 350, molar EO / PO ratio 1.7), 202.8 g of stearyl methacrylate, 62.4 g of styrene and 11.5 g of 1- Dodecanethiol in 660 ml tert. Butanol submitted under nitrogen inlet. Then it was heated with stirring to a temperature of 80 0 C. After reaching the reaction temperature, 11.5 g of the initiator AMBN, dissolved in 130 ml of isobutanol, were metered in within 1 hour.
• polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate molar mass 350, molar EO / PO ratio 1.7
• stearyl methacrylate 62.4 g of styrene
• 1- Dodecanethiol in 660 ml tert.
• Nitrogen feed was 363 g of polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate (molecular weight 1100, molar EO / PO ratio 10.2, 70% in t-butanol), 39.3 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 87.8 g of phenethyl methacrylate and 8.9 g of 1-dodecanethiol in 670 ml of tert , Butanol submitted under nitrogen inlet. Then it was heated with stirring to a temperature of 80 0 C. After reaching the reaction temperature, 8.9 g of the initiator AMBN, dissolved in 130 ml of isobutanol, were metered in within 1 hour.
• Synthetic Example 12 In a flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, internal thermometer and nitrogen inlet were 258 g of polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate (molecular weight 750, molar EO / PO ratio 6.3), 38.2 g of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 107.3 g of styrene and 16.5 g of 1-dodecanethiol in 580 ml of tert. Butanol submitted under nitrogen inlet. Then it was heated with stirring to a temperature of 80 0 C. After reaching the reaction temperature, 16.5 g of the initiator AMBN, dissolved in 120 ml of isobutanol, were metered in within 1 hour.
• polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate molethacrylate
• 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone 107.3 g
• styrene 107.3 g
• 1-dodecanethiol 1-dodecane
• Nitrogen discharge was 363 g of polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate (molecular weight 1,100, molar EO / PO ratio 10.2, 70% in t-butanol),
• Synthesis Example 17 In a flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, internal thermometer and nitrogen inlet, 258 g of polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate (molar mass 750, molar EO / PO ratio 0.22), 87.5 g of lauryl methacrylate, 35.8 g of styrene and 9.9 g of 1 Dodecanethiol in 530 ml tert. Butanol submitted under nitrogen inlet. Then it was heated with stirring to a temperature of 80 0 C. After reaching the reaction temperature, 9.9 g of the initiator AMBN, dissolved in 110 ml of isobutanol, were metered in within 1 hour.
• polyalkylene glycol monomethacrylate molar mass 750, molar EO / PO ratio 0.22
• lauryl methacrylate 35.8 g of styrene
• 9.9 g of 1 Dodecanethiol in 530 ml
• the pigment either as a powder, granules or as a presscake, was made into a paste in deionized water together with the dispersants and other additives and then treated with a dissolver (e.g.
• VMA-Getzmann GmbH type AE3-M1 or other suitable apparatus homogenized and predispersed.
• the dispersion was then adjusted to the desired final pigment concentration with deionized water, the grinding media were separated off and the pigment preparation was isolated.
• Pigment dispersion applied to a paint card. Subsequently, rubbed with the finger on the lower part of the paint card. Incompatibility occurred when the rubbed area is then more strongly colored than the adjoining, non-aftertreated area (the rub-out test is described in DE 2 638 946.)
• the color strength and compatibility with the medium to be dyed were determined using a disperse paint for external coatings (water-based, 20% TiO 2 ).
• the viscosity was measured using a cone-plate viscometer (Roto Visco 1) Haake at 20 0 C (titanium cone: 0 60 mm, 1 °), the
• the pigment preparation described in the following example was prepared by the method described above, using the following ingredients in the indicated amounts such that 100 parts of the Pigment preparation arise.
• parts mean parts by weight:
• the pigment preparation has a high color strength in the white dispersion and is stable.
• the rub-out test shows no color intensity differences compared to the rubbed area.
• the dispersion proves to be readily flowable and stable on storage, since it is also still readily flowable after storage for 28 days at 50 ° C.
• the viscosity at the end of the production is 642 mPa-s.

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• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Materials For Photolithography (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-10 DE DE102007021868A patent/DE102007021868A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
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