WO2008119855A1 - Procedimiento de obtención de estructuras tridimensionales para ingeniería tisular - Google Patents
Procedimiento de obtención de estructuras tridimensionales para ingeniería tisular Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008119855A1 WO2008119855A1 PCT/ES2008/000191 ES2008000191W WO2008119855A1 WO 2008119855 A1 WO2008119855 A1 WO 2008119855A1 ES 2008000191 W ES2008000191 W ES 2008000191W WO 2008119855 A1 WO2008119855 A1 WO 2008119855A1
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- cells
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- tissue engineering
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/60—Materials for use in artificial skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/227—Other specific proteins or polypeptides not covered by A61L27/222, A61L27/225 or A61L27/24
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to the field of tissue engineering specifically refers to a method for obtaining three-dimensional structures for tissue engineering and to the structures obtained by said method.
- the invention also relates to an ex vivo method for regenerating a tissue using the three-dimensional structures of the invention and the use of the structures thus treated for transplantation to the area to be regenerated by the patient.
- Cells are an indispensable element in the production of new tissues.
- the cells constitute the living component of the tissues and are the ones that perform the biological functions characteristic of it (for example
- the technology of cell culture allows us, from a small number of cells present in a fragment of healthy tissue, to increase their number in logarithmic proportions without these cells losing their characteristics. It also allows us in some cases to transfer cells (for example from fat cells to bone cells) or even orienting undifferentiated cells towards cells of a specific tissue (from embryonic cells to insulin producing cells).
- tissues cannot be manufactured, since in these cells they are distributed in a three-dimensional structure and this spatial distribution is critical for the development of the function of the organ or tissue .
- This three-dimensional structure Ia provides the extracellular matrix of the tissues.
- This matrix is not only a structure to support the cells, but also has adhesion motifs so that the cells are properly fixed.
- the extracellular matrix is produced and destroyed in a coordinated manner by the cells that make up the organ or tissue. For this reason, in most tissue engineering models, it is necessary to provide previously cultured cells with a structure or support (scaffolds in English literature) so that once introduced into it and placed in three dimensions, the cells begin to behave in the most physiological way possible (Godbey WT and Atala A. Ann NY Acad Sci. 961: 10-26, 2002).
- the "scaffold” must not only provide a three-dimensional structure, it is necessary that the cells be able to adhere to it.
- the base product of the "scaffold” must not contain substances toxic to the cells. It also requires other characteristics such as mechanical resistance (variable according to the organ or tissue to be reconstructed) or the degradation capacity.
- the ideal “scaffold” must be degraded and allowed to be replaced by the normal extracellular matrix of the corresponding tissue.
- the “scaffold” must have a structure that allows cells to access inside, so that most of these structures are made of porous materials. Many substances have been used as "scaffolds" in Tissue Engineering, this gives us an idea of the complexity of the needs that an ideal "scaffold” must have.
- biopolymers have been widely used as "scaffold”. These include poly (alpha-hydroxy acids) (Kulkarny et al, Arch Surg, 93: 839-843, 1993) such as polyglycolic (PGA) or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) or combinations of both substances (PLGA ).
- PGA polyglycolic
- PLLA poly-L-lactic acid
- scaffold Another possible source of scaffold is the compounds that in mammals are the basis of the extracellular matrix, the clearest example is the use of type I collagen gels for the development of Tissue Engineering models (Maraguchi et al, Plast Reconstr Surg, 93 : 537-544, 1994). Another substance widely used as scaffold is the fibrinogen present in the plasma
- albumin A biological product widely used in therapeutics is albumin. Human albumin or another mammalian species is obtained from plasma. Albumin is normally used in venous infusion, although it has also been used as a biological glue, mixing it with a cross-linking product that comprises an aldehyde, usually glutaraldehyde. This mixture used in therapeutics produces a tissue adhesive used in surgery and described in the application WO 2005/00925.
- the glutaraldehyde that remains in the structure is very toxic to the cells and cells seeded on the surface of the albumin-glutaraldehyde compounds, turn badly and / or die.
- a possibility to place cells inside is to mix the albumin with the cells prior to the use of the crosslinking solution, however this is not possible due to the toxicity referred to above.
- the development of scaffolds or supports for Tissue Engineering from globular proteins such as albumin requires other systems that eliminate the toxicity of the cross-linking substance, provide a porous structure and if possible include in the same motifs that favor the anchoring of cells .
- a first object of the present invention is a process for obtaining non-toxic three-dimensional structures, for the development of tissue engineering models, from globular plasma proteins (clearly albumin), cross-linked by a crosslinking agent (preferably glutaraldehyde).
- the protein-crosslinker mixture will be frozen and subsequently subjected to lyophilization. Once lyophilized, the resulting product must be hydrated so that it has strength and elasticity. Hydration is carried out through the use of ethanol in decreasing concentrations. Finally, the excess ethanol is washed in culture medium or balanced saline. This results in a flexible, porous support, which can be easily cut without breakage.
- a second object of the invention is the three-dimensional or scaffold structure obtainable by the procedure referred to above.
- the structure or scaffold thus designed can be used after planting with different cell types in a method to regenerate damaged tissue or organ ex vivo.
- the cells adhere to this structure and are capable of growing and / or differentiating, starting the synthesis of proteins from the extracellular matrix.
- the scaffold of the invention with the cells inside it can be transplanted into a living being, where the immune response will produce a progressive reabsorption of the scaffold and the cells will produce the normal extracellular matrix of the tissue.
- the final result will be the repair of an organ or tissues damaged by Tissue Engineering.
- Figure 1 The image represents the support or scaffold of the invention observed in the scanning microscope (X500) made from albumin at 20% (left) and a histological section thereof (right).
- Figure 2 Adhesion of human fibroblasts to a support or scaffold made directly with human plasma. To the right expression of type I collagen (the most important extracellular protein of the dermis) by these fibroblasts.
- type I collagen the most important extracellular protein of the dermis
- Figure 3 preadipocytes extracted from rabbit subcutaneous fat, seeded on a structure made directly with rabbit serum. The cells were grown 45 days in an oven in adipogenic medium
- Figure 4 three-dimensional structure according to the invention observed with scanning electron microscope (X200). On the right support made with 5% albumin and on the left with 20% albumin.
- Figure 5 Image taken by scanning microscope (X4000). Surface of the different supports. Above and to the left, albumin 20%, to the right support directly made with serum. Down. Support made from plasma.
- Figure 6 Scheme of a prototype of the support of this invention inside an artificial dermis based on plasma and fibroblasts.
- the support provides the dermis based on fibrin and fibroblasts a consistency that facilitates the transplantation thereof.
- Figure 7 Structure of a three-layer skin: in the lower part differentiated adipocytes on the scaffold of this invention, in the middle part fibroblasts in plasma gel and in the upper keratinocytes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining three-dimensional structures for tissue engineering comprising:
- the source of albumin can be a purified albumin preparation or it can be albumin directly obtained from the patient's own serum or plasma to which the structure or scaffold will subsequently be implanted with the cells.
- the fact that the patient's own serum or plasma is used has the advantage that the immune response of rejection to the implant will be minimized.
- the use of plasma or serum of the patient against albumin preparations has the advantage that it provides more reasons for binding or anchoring to the cells that will subsequently be sown in the structure of the invention, since it does not only present the reasons of albumin but the rest of proteins present in the blood.
- concentration of albumin used for the elaboration of the three-dimensional structures of the invention will depend on the application that will be given to it, that is, on the type of tissue that is intended to be regenerated. Generally, concentrations of 1-50% albumin can be used.
- crosslinking agent anyone producing the effect of denaturing and crosslinking albumin molecules although the use of aldehyde-like agents such as formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde is preferred. The latter is especially preferred.
- concentration of the crosslinking agent used in the mixture with the source of albumin may be 0.1-9%, preferably 0.5-7.5%.
- the reaction of the albumin-crosslinking agent mixture in a mold with a predetermined shape allows the resulting structure to become solid in the mold. In this way, the shape of the structure can be adapted to the defect that is to be replaced or of the damaged tissue that is to be regenerated.
- a key step of the invention is carried out. This step involves subjecting the solid structure obtained after crosslinking and freezing to lyophilization.
- the lyophilization produces the cancellation of the toxic effect of the crosslinking agent but also produces a material of wide porosity, since we eliminate all of the aqueous fraction of the scaffold (at the same time the crosslinking agent not fixed to the globular protein is eliminated).
- the product thus obtained is very friable and does not offer sufficient mechanical resistance for its use. To improve these characteristics, this lyophilized product must be hydrated. This hydration should be performed preferably, slowly and progressively to avoid breakage. The hydration will be carried out by treatment with alcohols in descending graduation, preferably by means of immersion in absolute alcohol, alcohol of 96 °, 90 °, 80 °, 70 ° and 50 °. The structure obtained after the hydration will be washed in culture medium or in a balanced salt solution to eliminate the remaining alcohol residues. The final result of this procedure, which is also the object of the invention, is a porous, elastic, non-toxic three-dimensional structure (Figure 1) in which cultured cells that are capable of adhering to the scaffold of the invention can be sown.
- Figure 1 three-dimensional structure in which cultured cells that are capable of adhering to the scaffold of the invention can be sown.
- the scaffold or three-dimensional structure with these cells seeded inside it either by agitation, intermittent agitation or in a bioreactor, can be maintained "in vitro" in cell culture stoves or bioreactors. During this period, the cells can continue to grow, behave in a physiological way ( Figure 2) and according to the growth or differentiation factors present in the culture medium, express the complete phenotype of the sown cell line or be differentiated towards cells of other types of tissues (figure 3). This growth and / or differentiation is carried out without showing a degradation of the structural part of the scaffold of the invention, even for periods of up to 6 months of "in vitro" culture.
- the sown and cultured and / or differentiated cells are osteoblasts, preadipocytes, chondrocytes or dermal fibroblasts.
- the product of the invention thus manipulated which is also object of the invention can be transplanted into a living being, where the structure caused by the cross-linking of the albumin will be degraded by the individual's immune system, the cells provided will continue with the production of extracellular matrix that will slowly replace the protein structure initial.
- the result of this transplant will originate as a final product a new tissue or organ capable of replacing the damaged part, the final objective of the Tissue Engineering processes.
- the basis of the product of the invention are globular plasma proteins crosslinked with an aldehyde-like substance.
- Albumin is the main plasma protein and is the structural basis of the product and can be used at different concentrations with different structural results (between 50 and 4%) ( Figure 4).
- the cross-linking substance for example glutaraldehyde, can also be used at different concentrations, between 0.5 and 7.5% with respect to the volume of albumin.
- the product After mixing, it is deposited in a mold and rapid solidification occurs.
- the product is demoulded and subjected to a slow and progressive freezing. Once the product has been frozen, it is freeze-dried, when it is finished the product of this invention has a porous appearance but is extremely friable and breaks under minimal force.
- the product is introduced in absolute ethyl alcohol (between one and eight hours depending on the size of the structure), then it is introduced in 96 °, 90 ° and 80 ° alcohol, during the same period of time. After step due to the 80 ° alcohol the physical characteristics of the product change, the product is more elastic, the pores are more visible and can be cut into thin sheets.
- the hydration of the product is continued, leaving it in 70 ° alcohol for 24 hours, 50 ° alcohol and from here in culture medium (DMEM, RPMI ...) or balanced salt solutions.
- the saline solution is changed at least 3 times to eliminate all the alcohol residues present.
- the final product is an elastic sponge in which the pores can be seen clearly. This product can be stored in the culture medium for months without losing its functional capacity.
- the scaffold Once the scaffold is achieved, it can be stored without losing its characteristics, leaving it in the middle of culture, or it can be used. For it the cells of the tissue to be regenerated are sown. For sowing various strategies can be followed (agitation, intermittent agitation, bioreactor ).
- the scaffold seeded with the cellular component will then remain in the oven or bioreactor until the moment of implantation. This period of time will vary greatly depending on the type of cell used and the degree of differentiation required by the cells. During this period it can be seen how the cells are fixed to the scaffold and how they begin to produce the specific proteins of adult tissue. For example, if a scaffold according to the invention fibroblasts are sown and left in a typical growth medium (for example DMEM, 10 fetal bovine serum) it is observed that within a few days of sowing the fibroblasts begin to synthesize type I collagen (figure 2).
- a typical growth medium for example DMEM, 10 fetal bovine serum
- the scaffold of this invention is not digested (or minimally done) and retains the three-dimensional structure without alterations in "ex vivo" culture until 6 months after planting.
- the scaffold of this invention can be transplanted. After transplantation a scaffold always behaves like a foreign body and will generate an inflammatory response. This response should be moderate and produce a gradual and controlled degradation of the foreign material.
- the studies "in vivo" with the scaffold of this invention show a very moderate degradation without objectifying a large inflammation in the area of the transplant. While the structure of the original scaffold is degraded, the integration of the new extracellular matrix produced by the cells seeded in the scaffold occurs, generating a new tissue that can reproduce the functions of the originally damaged tissue.
- the scaffold of this invention allows a series of advantages that clearly differentiate it from what was previously known in the state of the art:
- the original product is very easy to obtain (albumin concentrates) or whole blood (venipuncture).
- the possibility of constructing a support for tissue engineering from small amounts of whole blood offers us the possibility of obtaining these structures based on autologous biological products, that is, obtained from the patient who will be implanted.
- Example 1 Preparation of a scaffold to repair an osteoarthritis in a femoral diaphysis with 20% albumin
- the scaffold type for pseudoarthrosis in a femoral diaphysis has an approximate dimension of 3 cm in diameter by 2 cm in height.
- 10 ml of 20% human albumin was used, which is usually used in the clinic for infusion.
- the albumin was mixed with 1 ml of 25% glutaraldehyde and immediately after it was deposited in a mold of the aforementioned dimensions. The mixture was allowed to solidify at room temperature for 30-45 minutes and subsequently placed in an electric refrigerator at -8O 0 C for 18-24 hours.
- the scaffold was frozen, it was demolished and without defrosting it was introduced into the lyophilizer until the sample was completely lyophilized. After this process, the sample was placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for 2 hours. Then, the scaffold was transferred to 96% ethanol and left for another 2 hours. The 96% ethanol was replaced by 80% ethanol and subsequently by 70% ethanol where it was left at room temperature for 24 hours. After this incubation the scaffold was introduced for 2 hours in 50% ethanol, in sterile pure water and finally in an isotonic solution type PBS, solution of
- Example 2 Preparation of a scaffold to repair atrial cartilage with patient plasma
- the size of the scaffold was adjusted to that of the cartilaginous lesion, cutting this for example with a scalpel.
- the scaffold was ready to be seeded from cells.
- a small subcutaneous fat biopsy was used as a cellular source.
- the fat was digested in collagenase and the cells were seeded in a cell culture flask in growth medium (DMEM, 10% fetal bovine serum).
- DMEM 10% fetal bovine serum
- the cultured preadipocytes were seeded on the scaffold and left in the middle of bone differentiation, until signs of differentiation towards osteoblast were observed by monitoring. Subsequently, the scaffold and the cells it contained were transplanted to the maxillary defect to be regenerated.
- Example 5 Regeneration of a deformity of the auricular pavilion A deformity of the auricular pavilion was repaired by using a patient's serum scaffold.
- the materials and methods are substantially those used in Example 2 although the scaffold hardened on a mold that reproduced the structure of the cartilage of the ear. At the same time a small healthy sample of the patient's atrial cartilage was taken.
- the scaffold was frozen, lyophilized and hydrated according to the methodology described in example 2.
- the cartilage was digested undergoing proteolytic enzymes and the chondrocytes obtained were grown until obtaining a sufficient cell mass to be seeded on the scaffold.
- the chondrocytes After sowing, the chondrocytes underwent a process of redifferentiation by cultivation in an oven (25-45 days) and finally they were transplanted to the injured area. This same strategy could be followed for the repair of an articular cartilage, changing the origin of the chondrocyte source.
- Example 6 Regeneration of the subcutaneous fatty tissue Blood was taken from the patient, the scaffold was performed in the manner described in example 2 and seeded with preadipocytes cultured from a biopsy of the patient's fatty tissue. Once planted in scaffold, it was grown in the oven in the middle of fat differentiation until the sown cells began to accumulate triglycerides inside. Subsequently, the region to be rebuilt was transplanted.
- Example 7 Bone reconstruction A scaffold for reconstruction of bone lesions can be developed as in Example 1. However, some bone reconstructions may require greater consistency of the scaffold than that based on plasma or serum, which would be added to plasma or the patient's serum a percentage of human albumin to reinforce the structure, maintaining the cellular anchoring properties. Finally this scaffold could be seeded with patient cells extracted from a bone biopsy or as in example 4 of subcutaneous fat.
- Example 8 Dermal regeneration after burn
- the basis of this treatment consisted in the production of small sheets of the scaffold of this invention, seeded from dermal fibroblasts of the patient and transplanted on the site of the lesion.
- the fibroblasts could be from another healthy patient since the fibroblasts are cells with little power to generate immune rejection.
- This sheet-shaped scaffold prototype plus dermal fibroblasts can be associated with semipermeable silicone type membranes that They provide a barrier effect and protect the wound and the implant from possible infections.
- This type of strategy could be used in other skin lesions (ulcers, surgical amputations in the diabetic foot)
- the scaffold of this invention can also be used as an internal reinforcement structure for other materials already used in tissue engineering.
- An example of this application is the association of a sheet of the prototype described herein to a plasma sheet containing living fibroblasts.
- the human plasma containing fibroblasts is sown on a sheet of the scaffold of the invention, calcium chloride is added to coagulate the plasma and the scaffold is inside the plasma serving as an internal framework and facilitating the transplantation of this artificial dermis.
- keratinocytes are planted on this artificial dermis, an artificial skin is achieved with an internal framework that provides stiffness and facilitates transplantation.
- Example 10 Artificial skin prototype This prototype can be associated with an artificial skin model defined in example 9 to generate a three-layer cultured skin that incorporates subcutaneous fat.
- the model that would be obtained would be a lower part with fat cells fixed to the Scaffold of this invention, attached to it an immediately superior layer of plasma with fibroblasts similar to human dermis and in the upper part an epithelial layer (Figure 7), that is to say a human skin with 3 layers much more similar to the natural one than Ia generated with different strategies.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES08750425.4T ES2565856T3 (es) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | Procedimiento de preparación de estructuras tridimensionales para ingeniería tisular |
EP08750425.4A EP2145635B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | Method for preparing three-dimensional structures for tissue engineering |
DK08750425.4T DK2145635T3 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | A process for the production of three-dimensional structures for tissue (re) establishment |
CA2682453A CA2682453C (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | Method for obtaining three-dimensional structures for tissue engineering |
US12/593,909 US20100040665A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | Method for obtaining three-dimensional structures for tissue engineering |
JP2010500304A JP6097000B2 (ja) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-31 | 組織工学のための3次元構造体を得る方法 |
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ESP200700835 | 2007-03-29 | ||
ES200700835A ES2304321B1 (es) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Procedimiento de obtencion de estructuras tridimensionales para ingenieria tisular. |
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US (1) | US20100040665A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2145635B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP6097000B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2682453C (es) |
DK (1) | DK2145635T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2304321B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2008119855A1 (es) |
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DE3517456A1 (de) * | 1985-05-14 | 1986-11-20 | Serapharm GmbH & Co KG, 4400 Münster | Knochenersatzmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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CN100447186C (zh) * | 2003-06-06 | 2008-12-31 | 人类自动化细胞有限公司 | 基质、细胞移植物以及制备和使用它们的方法 |
US20090012625A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2009-01-08 | Ying Jackie Y | Porous biomaterial-filler composite and method for making the same |
WO2006099137A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Uab Research Foundation | Endothelial predecessor cell seeded wound healing scaffold |
-
2007
- 2007-03-29 ES ES200700835A patent/ES2304321B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-31 WO PCT/ES2008/000191 patent/WO2008119855A1/es active Application Filing
- 2008-03-31 CA CA2682453A patent/CA2682453C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-31 US US12/593,909 patent/US20100040665A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-31 JP JP2010500304A patent/JP6097000B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-31 ES ES08750425.4T patent/ES2565856T3/es active Active
- 2008-03-31 DK DK08750425.4T patent/DK2145635T3/en active
- 2008-03-31 EP EP08750425.4A patent/EP2145635B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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WO2000070018A2 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-23 | Cryolife, Inc. | Self-supporting, shaped, three-dimensional biopolymeric materials and methods |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2304321A1 (es) | 2008-10-01 |
EP2145635B1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
ES2304321B1 (es) | 2009-09-11 |
JP6097000B2 (ja) | 2017-03-15 |
CA2682453C (en) | 2016-07-12 |
ES2565856T3 (es) | 2016-04-07 |
US20100040665A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
JP2010522593A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
CA2682453A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
EP2145635A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
DK2145635T3 (en) | 2016-03-14 |
EP2145635A1 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
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