WO2008101539A2 - Verfahren, druckvorrichtung und formulierungen zum dekorieren von glas- oder keramikartikeln - Google Patents
Verfahren, druckvorrichtung und formulierungen zum dekorieren von glas- oder keramikartikeln Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008101539A2 WO2008101539A2 PCT/EP2007/010850 EP2007010850W WO2008101539A2 WO 2008101539 A2 WO2008101539 A2 WO 2008101539A2 EP 2007010850 W EP2007010850 W EP 2007010850W WO 2008101539 A2 WO2008101539 A2 WO 2008101539A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formulation
- layer
- glass frit
- glass
- pigment
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
- B41M5/007—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper on glass, ceramic, tiles, concrete, stones, etc.
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
- B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/002—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for flat glass, e.g. float glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
- C03C17/04—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass by fritting glass powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4511—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application using temporarily supports, e.g. decalcomania transfers or mould surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/0072—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using mechanical wave energy, e.g. ultrasonics; using magnetic or electric fields, e.g. electric discharge, plasma
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/48—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase having a specific function
- C03C2217/485—Pigments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for decorating glass or ceramic articles according to claim 1, a printing device for decorating glass or ceramic articles according to claim 20, a glass frit formulation according to claim 30, a pigment formulation according to claim 39, a compilation of a A glass frit formulation and a pigment formulation according to claim 48, a decorated glass or ceramic article according to claim 50 and a transfer medium for use in decorating a glass or ceramic article according to claim 51.
- a method for producing a ceramic decal wherein a flux layer with adhesives is first applied to a transfer medium, onto which a color image is then printed by means of a thermal transfer printing process. Above the color image is a flux protection layer. Optionally, an opaque layer and a further flux adhesive layer can be applied below the color image layer. Due to the use of a thermal transfer printer, there are special requirements for the composition of the layers to be applied. For example, the flux layers must contain wax compounds. The thermal transfer is u.a. due to the necessary use of ribbon easier comparatively difficult to handle.
- JP 2004-99432 A discloses a method in which a glass frit layer is first applied to a substrate, to which a pigment layer is then printed by means of an inkjet printer, whereupon the substrate with the two layers is melted to melt the glass layers. Frit layer heated, ie burned becomes. Due to the provision of the lower glass frit layer, good adhesion of the printed image layer to the substrate is ensured.
- a disadvantage of the known method is that the gloss and the surface finish of the finished product leave something to be desired.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to propose a method for decorating glass or ceramic articles, with the high-quality, especially high-resolution decorations with a glossy and smooth surface can be produced.
- the method should be economical to use even for small batches.
- the object is to propose a printing device for decorating glass or ceramic articles, with the glass or ceramic articles are high-quality decorative.
- the printing device should also allow the economical decoration of small batches.
- Another object is to propose a glass frit formulation and pigment formulation for high quality decoration of glass or ceramic articles suitable for printing in a thermal ink jet printing process.
- a decorated glass or ceramic article and transfer medium is to be proposed, which is suitable for use in the decoration of glass or ceramic articles.
- the object is achieved with the features of claim 1 and with regard to the printing device with the features of claim 20.
- the object is achieved with the features of claim 30 and with respect to the pigment formulation with the features of claim 39.
- An inventive glass or ceramic article is specified in claim 50.
- the task-releasing transfer medium is specified in claim 51.
- the invention is based on the idea of both the layer of at least one pigment formulation, ie the layer forming the actual image and the upper layer of glass Fnt formulation applied thereto to print an inkjet printing process.
- the lower layer to be applied from the glass-F ⁇ t formulation can be applied for example by means of a screen printing process, in particular directly on the substrate, but preferably for this purpose a Tmtenstrahltig mixes is applied.
- the glass or ceramic article is fired with tiklichen layers, wherein the temperature is in a range between 500 0 C and 1200 0 C. At least the melting temperature of the glass F ⁇ t particles in the two glass frit layers must be achieved. In the context of the invention, it is to use the same glass F ⁇ t formulation or different glass frit formulations to form the lower and the upper glass frit layer. Preferably, the glass F ⁇ t formulation layers are pigment-free.
- the sandwich-like layer structure ie the embedding of the layer of the at least one pigment formulation (imaging layer) between two glass frit formulation layers, which are preferably the only glass frit formulation layers, several advantages are achieved.
- the ones on the glass or Ceramics lowermost glass-frit layer ensures good adhesion of the layer structure on the glass or ceramic article.
- the final glass frit formulation layer in the final position protects the underlying pigment formulation layer, which is preferably the only layer of at least one pigment formulation, while providing high gloss and a smooth surface. It is within the scope of the invention as an alternative to arrange several layers of each at least one pigment formulation directly above one another, these layers are then framed by a respective layer of a glass-frit formulation.
- the substrate is directly around the glass or ceramic article to be decorated.
- the printing sequence described above of the two glass frit layers and the at least one pigment layer corresponds to the order of the layers on the end product.
- the lower layer of the glass frit formulation which is preferably applied to the substrate in the ink jet printing process.
- the second layer is the at least one layer formed from one or more pigment formulations
- this printed pigment formulation layer is the top layer of the at least one glass frit formulation.
- this upper layer may be the uppermost, i. act last shift.
- the upper glass frit formulation layer is not the last, but the penultimate layer to which a final protective layer of a protective layer formulation, in particular, a lacquer layer is applied.
- a final protective layer of a protective layer formulation in particular, a lacquer layer
- the protective layer is preferably such that it burns or evaporates without any residue during the final heating process.
- the protective layer is preferably formed such that it is at least partially liquid already at a temperature between about 200 0 C and about 400 0 C, ie below the melting temperature of the glass-frit layers, thus ensuring a cohesion of the underlying layers. Preference is given to an embodiment in which no further layer is provided between the lower layer consisting of the glass-F ⁇ t formulation, and the glass or ceramic article, thus the lower layer of the glass-frit formulation thus the lowest layer on the glass - or ceramic article forms.
- the topmost layer is formed from the top layer of the glass frit formulation or from the optional protective layer which is on the top layer of the glass frit formulation
- the second (single) imaging layer being formed from either a single pigment formulation is formed, or consists of several pigment formulations.
- this layer consists of several pigment formulations
- the different pigment formulations can be arranged in layers, that is to say virtually as sub-layers of the second layer, or mixed with one another or arranged next to one another.
- several, in particular two, layers of in each case at least one pigment formulation are provided between the two glass frit layers.
- an embodiment with a single layer of a pigment formulation ie an embodiment with is preferred a total of three layers (without protective layer) or with four layers (with protective layer).
- the substrate is not directly the product actually to be decorated, ie the glass or ceramic article to be decorated, but a transfer medium, such as an in-water peelable paper (water slide paper).
- a transfer medium such as an in-water peelable paper (water slide paper).
- the layer arrangement is preferably first detached from the transfer medium, in particular in a water bath, and applied to the glass or ceramic article to be decorated, after all layers have been applied to this transfer medium, whereupon the heating process, ie firing to melt the glass frit, is then applied. Layers follows.
- the transfer or attachment of the layer arrangement on the glass or ceramic article can take place such that the first applied to the transfer medium layer also forms the bottom layer on the glass or ceramic article, or that the layers are virtually turned and the last applied, in particular printed layer forms the lowest layer on the glass or ceramic article.
- a protective layer in particular a lacquer layer, is applied to the top layer of the glass frit formulation, preferably by means of an ink jet process, before the layers are detached from the transfer medium.
- This last applied, on the transfer medium upper layer then preferably forms the uppermost layer (protective layer) on the glass or ceramic article.
- the protective layer as the uppermost layer to the transfer medium, it is possible to apply the protective layer as the lowermost layer, that is to say directly onto the transfer medium, the protective layer first applied thereto, preferably printed protective layer, the sandwich of the two glass frit layers and the at least one intermediate pigment layer is applied.
- the last applied glass frit layer forms the lowest layer on the glass or ceramic article to be decorated. This ensures that the protective layer on the glass or ceramic article is located on the upper side and can therefore burn or vaporize without any residue, without damaging any overlying layers during this combustion or evaporation process.
- the last-described embodiment with a protective layer located directly on the transfer medium brings considerable advantages. For example, it is possible to provide a transfer medium with a protective layer on an industrial scale and to use this optimized transfer medium as a process base for printing. Optionally, it is even conceivable to provide the transfer medium on a large scale not only with a protective layer, but also with the lower layer of the glass frit formulation, the two layers are preferably dried and stored and then only when needed with the pigment layer and the top layer of the glass frit formulation are printed by means of an ink jet printing process.
- the application of the protective layer to the transfer medium need not necessarily take place in the ink jet printing process, but can be carried out for example by means of a screen printing process.
- the formation of the at least one layer of the at least one pigment formulation there are different possibilities.
- glass frit material is mixed in the pigment formulation layer.
- the glass frit material or the glass particles can be introduced directly into the at least one pigment formulation, so that the pigment formulation is printed together with the glass frit from a common printhead.
- the layer of at least one pigment formulation (completely) free of glass particles, ie neither glass frit particles in the actual pigment formulation or to simultaneously print a glass frit material in the layer with the at least one pigment formulation.
- the quality of the end product can be improved if at least one of the layers is dried and / or hardened, in particular by irradiation with infrared light, before it is applied, in particular printed, to the next layer.
- at least some layers preferably contain UV-curing materials, in particular at least one resin.
- the drying and / or curing takes place immediately after the application of the corresponding layer.
- High process speeds can be achieved when all of the ink jet printing processes, but at least the printing of the at least one layer of the at least one pigment formulation and the printing of the upper layer of the glass frit formulation are carried out inline. It is also conceivable to apply all layers inline, in particular imprint.
- the invention proposes a printing device comprising at least one jointly adjustable printhead assembly
- Pigment formulation applied printhead has.
- the printing heads used are preferably drop-on-demand printing heads.
- the printing device described is particularly suitable for printing the at least one pigment layer and the upper glass frit formulation layer on the lower layer of the at least one glass frit formulation layer.
- the printing device or the printhead assembly of the printing device can be further developed such that other layers, so the lower layer of the glass frit formulation and / or the protective layer with the common printhead assembly are printable.
- the printhead arrangement is movable relative to the substrate in a transport direction as well as in a printing direction extending transversely to the transport direction.
- the print head arrangement a prefabricated transfer medium with an already applied lower glass frit formulation layer is printed, then the print head for the glass frit formulation is preferably behind the printhead for the pigment formulation in the direction of transport of the substrate. Formulation is already printed when the substrate comes within reach of the print head for the glass frit formulation.
- At least one of the at least one printhead for the pigment formulation is present both before and behind (in the transport direction of the substrate) Printhead for the or a glass frit formulation is arranged.
- the protective layer is also to be printed with the printhead arrangement, then it is advantageous to provide at least one printhead for the protective layer formulation.
- This printhead for the protective layer formulation is preferably located in the frontmost position when the substrate is printed directly, as viewed in the transport direction of the substrate. If a transfer medium is printed, it is important for the arrangement of the print head for the protective layer formulation whether the protective layer is to be applied as the lowermost layer directly on the transfer medium, or whether the protective layer is to be applied to the upper layer of the glass frit formulation , In the latter case, the at least one print head for the protective layer formulation is preferably arranged in the frontmost direction in the transport direction of the substrate, otherwise at the rearmost point.
- At least one print head for a To provide protective layer formulation in the printing direction in front of or behind a print head for a glass frit formulation in front of or behind a print head for a glass frit formulation.
- the print head must be repeatedly adjusted in the printing direction, without transporting the substrate in order to apply overlapping layers can.
- the printing device has a drying device and / or a curing device for drying and / or curing individual layers before applying the next layer. It is particularly advantageous to arrange the drying and / or curing device, in particular an IR emitter on the printhead assembly in the printing direction behind the printheads, so that a currently printed layer is dried and / or hardened directly by means of the drying and / or curing device ,
- the print head arrangement has at least two rows of print heads arranged one behind the other in the transport direction, wherein print heads arranged alternately with glass frit formulation and pigment formulation are arranged in each row of print heads.
- a substrate point has to be passed over several times by the printing device be without intermittently a substrate feed takes place in the transport direction to realize several superimposed layers can.
- the print head arrangement has at least two rows of print heads arranged one behind the other in the transport direction and extending along the print axis, with print heads arranged in succession in the print direction, in particular with different pigment formulations, and in the second row (FIG. preferably exclusively) provided with the glass-frit formulation printheads are provided.
- at least one printhead is provided for the color cyan, the color magenta, the color yellow and the color black, wherein the layer of the pigment formulations, ie the actual image, is produced by means of at least a plurality of printheads, preferably all of the pigment-printing printheads.
- the transport direction of the substrate relative to the printhead assembly in front of and / or behind the second row of printheads loaded with the glass frit formulation there is at least one row of printheads which are exposed to the protective layer formulation.
- the first layer of glass frit formulation is to be applied with an inkjet printing process
- the invention also proposes a glass frit formulation for use in decorating glass or ceramic particles which, by virtue of their composition, are suitable for use with glass or ceramic particles Application in an ink jet printing process, preferably with a printing device described above.
- the inventive glass frit formulation is characterized by glass frit particles having a melting temperature from a temperature range between about 500 0 C and about 1200 ° C, preferably between about 750 0 C and 900 0 C from.
- the solid content by weight of the glass frit formulation comprising glass frit particles is between about 20% and about 60%.
- the settling rate of the solids is at most 1 millimeter per minute and that the viscosity of the glass frit formulation in a range between about 0.02 Pas and about 0.05 Pas at a temperature in a range between about 20 0 C. and about 4O 0 C is located.
- the glass frit formulation comprises at least one dispersant and at least one solvent.
- the dispersant has the function to ensure the chemical stability of the glass frit formulation and at the same time to ensure a low settling rate of the solid constituents.
- the glass frit formulation thus obtained is particularly suitable for use with ink jet printheads, preferably with drop on demand printheads.
- the composition according to the invention provides a homogeneous dispersion with good redispersibility.
- the redispersibility of the glass frit formulation is preferably such that the glass frit formulation is redispersible by stirring for 5 minutes at a rotation speed of about 120 revolutions per minute.
- the stability against particle growth is preferably such that less than 10% increase in the average particle diameter after one week at a temperature of about 45 ° C is observed.
- a pumping (recolling) process using the pigment formulation or the glass frit formulation in an ink jet printer is sufficient to account for 90% of the contained solids to keep dispersed after 100 Betrxebstagen.
- a stir insert may optionally be provided in the printing apparatus.
- the homogeneous dispersion continues to have a positive effect on the actual printing process, since clogging of the nozzles of the print head is prevented. Furthermore, the high stability against particle growth has a positive effect on the reduction of clogging tendency of the pressure nozzles. These properties ultimately result in an excellent appearance of the decoration and a high resistance of the printed layers to light, moisture and other environmental influences.
- the d 5 o value (meridian of the particle size distribution) of the solids of the glass frit formulation is between about 1 micron and about 10 microns, preferably the d 5 o value is between about 1 ⁇ m and about 5 ⁇ m, more preferably between about 1 ⁇ m and about 2 ⁇ m.
- the proportion by weight of the glass frit particles in the total glass frit formulation is between approximately 40% and 60%, preferably about 50%.
- the weight percent of the dispersant is between about 7% and 18% of the total weight of the glass frit formulation, preferably about 12.5%.
- the maximum Glasfritpumble bemesser is about 3 microns, preferably about 2.7 microns. It is particularly advantageous if the maximum glass frit particle diameter is less than 2 ⁇ m.
- Diacetone alcohol has a good cure equilibrium which, on the one hand, provides a reasonable drying time on the substrate and, on the other hand, does not evaporate too quickly in the printhead nozzles.
- the surface tension of the diacetone alcohol is preferably greater than 30 dynes / cm, whereby the glass frit formulation can be optimally printed by means of an ink jet printing process.
- the glass frit formulation contains a polymeric binder, preferably at a weight level of from about 0.5% to about 2%. It has been found to be advantageous for the stability of the glass frit formulation to use as polymer binder a styrene-acrylic acid copolymer or a polymer binder comprising a styrene-acrylic acid copolymer.
- silica preferably with a weight fraction of between about 0.5% to about 1.5%.
- the addition of silicic acid (silica) has a positive effect on the chemical stability of the dispersion by improving the attraction of the dispersant to the glass frit particle surface and thus slowing or preventing particle growth. Furthermore, the addition of silica leads to a lower settling rate and to avoid flocculation phenomena, whereby the settled substances can be well redispersed.
- the viscosity is about 0.002 Pas to about 0.03 Pas.
- the viscosity is about 0.002 Pas to about 0.02 Pas, each at a temperature in a range between about 20 0 C and about 40 0 C.
- Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the glass frit formulation in which the glass frit formulation is free of pigments.
- the invention proposes a pigment formulation for use in decorating glass or ceramic particles, which is particularly distinguished by its excellent suitability for an inkjet printing process.
- the pigment formulation according to the invention is a particularly homogeneous dispersion with very good redispersing properties.
- the pigment formulation may preferably be redispersed by stirring for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of the dehydrator of about 120 revolutions per minute.
- the pigment formulation is stable against particle growth, with particle growth preferably less than 10% within one week at a temperature of about 45 ° C.
- a pumping (recolling) operation using the pigment formulation or glass frit formulation in an ink jet printer is sufficient to keep 90% of the solids dispersed after 100 days of operation.
- a stirring insert may optionally be provided.
- the pigment formulation is particularly suitable for printing with ink-jet printheads, in particular drop-on-demand printheads. Clogging of the printhead nozzles is advantageously prevented. Further, a layer printed with such a pigment formulation is resistant to light, moisture and other environmental conditions. In addition, the image produced with this pigment formulation exhibits excellent contrast, luminosity and excellent overall appearance.
- the pigment formulation according to the invention comprises at least one inorganic pigment.
- the weight-solids content (including the inorganic pigment) is about 20% to about 60%, wherein the settling rate of the solids is at most 1 millimeter per minute.
- the viscosity is preferably below 0.05 Pas at a temperature between about 20 0 C and about 40 0 C.
- the pigment formulation further comprises at least one dispersant and a solvent. The dispersant has to provide the task for a good chemical stability and for a low settling of the solids.
- the dso value of the particle size distribution of the solids of the pigment formulation lies in a development of the invention between about 1 .mu.m and about 10 .mu.m, preferably between about 1 .mu.m and about 5 .mu.m.
- the proportion by weight of the pigment is about 40% to about 60%, preferably about 50% to about 60%.
- the weight fraction of dispersant is from about 8% to about 15%, preferably from about 10% to about 12%.
- the pigment diameter is preferably at most about 2.7 ⁇ m, preferably at most about 1.5 ⁇ m. More preferably, the pigment diameter is less than 1 micron.
- the solvent Preference is given to an embodiment in which diacetone alcohol is used as the solvent. This has a good moisture balance, which means that reasonable drying times can be achieved on the substrate, which also prevents too rapid evaporation in the nozzles of the printhead.
- the surface tension of the diacetone alcohol used is preferably more than 30 dynes / cm, whereby the pigment formulation is optimally printable in an ink jet printing process.
- the addition of the diacetone alcohol prevents droplet formation, as does settling in or on the print head.
- a polymer binder is added, preferably at a weight fraction between about 0.5% and about 2%. It is particularly advantageous if the polymer binder comprises or consists of a styrene-acrylic acid polymer.
- silicic acid (silica) has been preserved, in particular with a weight fraction between about 0.5% and about 1.5%.
- the silica provides chemical stability of the dispersion by enhancing the attraction of the dispersant to the pigment surface. This prevents rapid particle growth.
- silicic acid provides an excellent low settling rate and prevents flocculation, whereby settled solids can easily be redispersed due to the overall composition of the pigment formulation.
- the viscosity is only between about 0.02 Pas and about 0.03 Pas, preferably only between 0.002 Pas and about 0.02 Pas at a temperature between about 20 ° C and about 40 ° C.
- the pigment formulation comprises
- the maximum Glasfritpumble bemesser is about 3 microns, preferably about 2.7 microns, in particular about 2 microns, more preferably about 1.5 microns or less than 1 micron.
- the maximum Glasfritpumble bemesser is about 3 microns, preferably about 2.7 microns, in particular about 2 microns, more preferably about 1.5 microns or less than 1 micron.
- the d 50 value of the particle size distribution is between about 1 ⁇ m and about 5 ⁇ m.
- the pigment formulation may be formed free of glass particles. With this Embodiment optimum printing quality in terms of contrast and luminosity can be achieved.
- the protective layer formulation used is preferably a lacquer layer, in particular with the addition of xylene and / or glycol acetate, in particular butylglycol acetate.
- the invention relates not only to the glass frit formulation and the pigment formulation alone but also to the combination of the glass frit formulation and the pigment formulation for use in decorating glass or ceramic articles, especially by applying the formulations in an inkjet printing process.
- the invention relates to a glass frit formulation and the pigment formulation as described above coated and fired glass or ceramic article.
- the invention is directed to a prefabricated transfer medium, which is provided with a lower protective layer, in particular a lacquer layer.
- a prefabricated transfer medium which is provided with a lower protective layer, in particular a lacquer layer.
- the first layer of the glass frit formulation is additionally applied to the lowermost protective layer.
- the layers applied to the transfer medium or the layer applied to the transfer medium is dried and / or cured in order to be able to store and transport the transfer medium.
- FIG. 1 shows a substrate printed with four layers arranged one above the other
- Fig. 2 an alternative embodiment of one with four
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a printing device with a print head arrangement and a substrate that can be adjusted in a transport direction
- FIG. 5 shows an illustration of a further alternative printhead arrangement.
- a substrate 1 is shown, which is either directly to the glass or ceramic article to be decorated, or a transfer medium.
- a lower layer 2 of a glass frit formulation was applied on the substrate.
- This first layer was preferably dried and / or cured before the application of an immediately above-lying layer 3.
- the pigment layer 3 is formed from several pigment formulations.
- the pigment formulations used have the colors cyan, Magenta, yellow and black. Whole pigment formulations forming the pigment layer 3 were applied by means of an ink jet printing process.
- an upper layer 4 made of a glass frit formulation was applied to the pigment layer 3 by means of an ink jet printing process.
- the glass frit formulation used for the top glass frit formulation layer is the identical glass frit formulation to form the bottom layer 2.
- a different glass frit composition may also be used to get voted.
- a layer 5 is optionally applied directly, preferably by means of an ink-jet printing process.
- the uppermost layer 5 is a lacquer layer (protective layer).
- the substrate 1 with the four layers 2, 3, 4, 5 is fired at about 850 ° C.
- the top layer 5 liquefies (protective layer), which layer is dissolved without residue in the course of the firing process.
- the substrate 1 according to FIG. 1 is a transfer medium, for example an in-water release paper (water slide paper), the preferably four layers 2, 3, 4, 5 must first of all be in a water bath detached from the substrate 1 and applied to the glass or ceramic article to be decorated. It is preferred that the lower layer 2 of the glass frit formulation also forms the lowest layer on the glass or ceramic article. If there is no further layer above the upper layer 4 of the glass-fit formulation, it is also conceivable that the upper layer 4 of the glass-frit formulation forms the lowest layer on the glass or ceramic article to be decorated. Essential in that one of the layers 2, 4 surrounding the second layer 3 of the pigment formulations, ie a glass frit formulation layer, forms the lowermost layer on the glass or ceramic article to be decorated. As a result, the entire layer arrangement adheres optimally to the final product.
- the top glass frit formulation layer after the firing process ensures a smooth surface and a glossy appearance of the printed image.
- Fig. 2 an alternative embodiment of the layer arrangement is shown.
- the substrate arranged at the bottom in the drawing plane is a transfer medium.
- a protective layer 5 (protective layer formulation) was applied to this transfer medium as the lowermost layer.
- a screen printing method or an inkjet printing process is suitable.
- a lower layer 2 of a glass frit formulation was applied, in particular by screen printing or by means of an inkjet printing process.
- a layer of at least one pigment formulation preferably of several pigment formulations with the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black was printed by means of an ink-jet printing process.
- an upper layer 4 of glass frit formulation was applied directly to it by means of an ink jet printing process.
- the layer arrangement is composed of the lowermost protective layer 5, the lower glass frit formulation layer 2 immediately thereafter, the pigment formulation layer 3 directly thereon, and the immediately adjacent on top of the glass frit formulation 4 from the substrate 1, in particular in a water bath, and deposited on a glass or ceramic article such that the upper layer 4 of the glass frit formulation forms the lowermost layer on the glass or ceramic article.
- the layers of at least one pigment formulation 3 and the top layer of the glass frit formulation applied thereon are applied to the transfer medium 1 already prefabricated with the protective layer 5 and the bottom layer 2 of the glass frit formulation 2.
- the application of the layer 3 of the at least one pigment formulation and the upper layer 4 of the glass frit formulation preferably takes place inline with a printing device to be explained.
- the printing device 6 comprises a printhead assembly 7, which is adjustably arranged along a printing axis 8 in the manner of a carriage.
- a arranged on a conveyor belt 9 substrate 1 is arranged along a transport axis 10 which is perpendicular to the pressure axis 8 adjustable.
- the printhead assembly 7 is adjusted in the printing direction 11 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- the substrate 1 is adjusted in the transport direction 12. It is also conceivable to print in both Druckachsraumen, in which case a substrate advance takes place after completion of a printing operation in one of the printing directions.
- the print head arrangement 7 comprises two rows 13, 14 of print heads 13a, 13b and 14a to 14d extending along the print axis 8 and arranged one behind the other in the transport direction 12. All print heads 13a, 13b and 14a to 14d are drop-on-demand printheads.
- the left in the drawing plane printhead 13a of the front in the transport direction 12 of the substrate 13 row is subjected to a glass-frit formulation, the applied in the plane adjacent printhead 13b xst applied with a protective layer formulation.
- Printhead 14a is provided with a cyan pigment formulation
- printhead 14b with a magenta pigment formulation
- printhead 14c with a yellow pigment formulation
- printhead 14d with a black pigment formulation.
- the substrate 1 is first provided with a lower layer 2 of a glass frit formulation by means of the print head 13a, wherein after each printing process in which the printhead arrangement of FIG the drawing plane left to right in the plane of the drawing, that is moved in the printing direction 11, the substrate 1 are adjusted according to the print head width in the transport direction 12.
- the substrate 1 is returned against the transport direction 12 and it is applied with the simultaneously working printheads 14a to 14d in a printing process, a layer of pigment formulations.
- an upper glass frit formulation layer 4 is applied from the print head 13a (one line higher in the drawing plane) to the layer of pigment formulations applied in a previous printing step.
- the substrate 1 is adjusted again in the transport direction 12 according to the width of the print heads, whereby by means of the print heads 14a to 14d, a further layer of pigment Formulations is applied and simultaneously applied by means of the print head 13a on the previously applied layer 3 of the pigment formulations, an upper layer 4 of the glass frit formulation, etc., After the substrate 1 equipped in this way with the upper glass frit formulation layer was, the substrate 1 is gradually adjusted counter to the transport direction 12, wherein between the transport steps, the printing of the upper glass frit formulation layer 3 with a protective layer formulation using the printhead 13b takes place.
- An alternative, not shown embodiment provides that in the transport direction 12 before and after the row 14 of printheads for the pigment formulations in each case at least one printhead, preferably in each case a row of printheads, is arranged for a glass-frit formulation to both to be able to print the lower glass frit formulation layer as well as the upper glass frit formulation layer inline.
- a protective layer formulation is optionally located in the transport direction 12 in front of or behind these sandwiched rows of printheads.
- the printhead assembly 7 has two rows 16, 17 of printheads, the printheads 16a, 16c and 16e and the printheads 17b, 17d and 17e each being equipped with a glass frit formulation printhead and the printheads 16b, 16d, 17a and 17e are print heads applied with a pigment formulation, the pigment formulations of the printing heads 17a, 16b, 17c and 16d acting pigment formulations are colored differently (cyan, magenta, yellow, black).
- the two in the drawing plane side printheads 16f and 17f are acted upon by a protective layer formulation.
- FIG. 5 an alternative printhead assembly 7 is shown. This may additionally be optionally equipped with a particular lateral drying device 15.
- the print head arrangement 7 according to FIG. 5 has four rows 18, 19, 20, 21 of print heads, wherein in the two rows 18, 19 in each case four printing heads arranged side by side in the printing direction 8 and arranged with different pigment formulations are arranged.
- two directly superimposed pigment layers can be printed, wherein the pigment layers are framed by two glass frit layers.
- these (lateral) glass frit formulation printing heads may be dispensed with.
- a row 20 which consists of six, each acted solely on a glass frit formulation printheads.
- a row 21 with six acted upon by the protective layer formulation printheads.
- the row 21 can be dispensed with if the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is to be produced and the transfer medium is already coated with a protective layer and a lower layer of a glass frit formulation. Possibly. It is also possible to arrange a plurality of independently adjustable print head arrangements, each with at least one print head in succession, in the transport direction.
- another row of printheads loaded with a glass frit formulation may be provided below the row 18 and 19 of printheads, especially if all layers are to be printed inline.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009549781A JP5480634B2 (ja) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-12-12 | ガラスまたはセラミック製品に装飾を施すための方法、印刷装置および配合物 |
CN2007800526388A CN101652338B (zh) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-12-12 | 用于装饰玻璃或陶瓷制品的方法、印刷设备和制剂 |
EP07856598.3A EP2134666B1 (de) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-12-12 | Verfahren zum dekorieren von glas- oder keramikartikeln |
US12/527,710 US8445065B2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-12-12 | Method, printing device, and formulations for decorating glass or ceramic items |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007008443A DE102007008443A1 (de) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-02-19 | Verfahren, Druckvorrichtung und Formulierungen zum Dekorieren von Glas- oder Keramikartikeln |
DE102007008443.0 | 2007-02-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008101539A2 true WO2008101539A2 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
WO2008101539A3 WO2008101539A3 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
Family
ID=39511017
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/010850 WO2008101539A2 (de) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-12-12 | Verfahren, druckvorrichtung und formulierungen zum dekorieren von glas- oder keramikartikeln |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8445065B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2134666B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5480634B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101652338B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007008443A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008101539A2 (de) |
Cited By (4)
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US20130224445A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-08-29 | John Donohoe | Method and System for Ink Jet Printing Images to Complex Contoured Surfaces of Ceramic and Glass Items Such as Dishware |
WO2014204821A1 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatble article with printed coating thereon, and/or method of making the same |
US9499435B2 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2016-11-22 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable article with screen and/or inkjet printed coating thereon, and/or method of making the same |
EP2412534A3 (de) * | 2010-04-09 | 2017-02-22 | Durst Phototechnik Digital Technology GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrfärbigen Oberfläche auf Glas |
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EP2168774B1 (de) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-02-09 | Glassdecor Revestimientos S.L. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Dekorglas |
AT507641B1 (de) * | 2008-11-25 | 2014-01-15 | Durst Phototech Digital Tech | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten zumindest eines teiles eines substrates |
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FR2976576B1 (fr) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-08-08 | Saint Gobain | Procede de fabrication d'un substrat en verre comportant des motifs imprimes en email. |
CN102381047A (zh) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-03-21 | 信益陶瓷(中国)有限公司 | 一种用于陶瓷表面的非接触式连续印刷方法 |
DE102012001798A1 (de) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-01 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte Lienz Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Bauteilen |
ES2386267B2 (es) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-02-11 | Esmalglass, Sau | Tinta esmalte digital |
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CN103770562A (zh) * | 2012-10-21 | 2014-05-07 | 罗祖敏 | 一种陶瓷表面仿真自然处理工艺 |
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ES2468553B1 (es) * | 2012-11-12 | 2015-03-31 | Torrecid, S.A. | Composición de esmalte digital para inyección de tinta |
CN103302233B (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北工业大学 | 一种热硬化铸造粘结剂及其制备方法与应用 |
JP6159173B2 (ja) | 2013-06-27 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社ミマキエンジニアリング | 絵付耐熱部材の製造方法及び印刷装置 |
JP2015205952A (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-19 | 大日本塗料株式会社 | インクセット及びそれを用いた印刷方法 |
EP2937226A1 (de) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-28 | Steuler-Fliesen GmbH | Nassdruckverfahren für keramikfliesen |
JP2016043550A (ja) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-04-04 | 株式会社ミマキエンジニアリング | 無機顔料印刷方法 |
WO2016110724A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-14 | Fenzi Spa | Glass frit composition and ceramic inkjet ink comprising the same |
JP6711585B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-15 | 2020-06-17 | 大日本塗料株式会社 | 無機質基材加飾用インクセット及び無機焼成体の製造方法 |
CN105294168B (zh) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-17 | 江西金凤凰纳米微晶有限公司 | 陶瓷喷墨打印技术在压延微晶玻璃板装饰上的应用及方法 |
CN111051441B (zh) | 2017-08-31 | 2022-06-28 | 株式会社则武 | 陶瓷基材用喷墨墨 |
FR3070310A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-01 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede d'obtention d'une feuille de verre revetue de motifs formant decor |
CN110361912B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-08-17 | 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 | 波长转换装置 |
EP3805000B1 (de) * | 2018-06-05 | 2024-10-09 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Verfahren zum dekorieren von glas und dekoriertes glas |
JP2020055269A (ja) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-04-09 | 鳥居工業株式会社 | 水転写シールおよび水転写シールの製造方法 |
ES2799477B2 (es) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-05-17 | Torrecid Sa | Procedimiento de decoracion de vajilla mediante calca |
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- 2007-02-19 DE DE102007008443A patent/DE102007008443A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-12 US US12/527,710 patent/US8445065B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-12 CN CN2007800526388A patent/CN101652338B/zh active Active
- 2007-12-12 JP JP2009549781A patent/JP5480634B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-12 EP EP07856598.3A patent/EP2134666B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-12-12 WO PCT/EP2007/010850 patent/WO2008101539A2/de active Application Filing
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US4420501A (en) * | 1981-01-20 | 1983-12-13 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method of forming colored or conductive coating layer on glass sheet |
WO1992015648A1 (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-09-17 | British Ceramic Research Limited | Improved ink |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2412534A3 (de) * | 2010-04-09 | 2017-02-22 | Durst Phototechnik Digital Technology GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrfärbigen Oberfläche auf Glas |
EP3321334A1 (de) | 2010-04-09 | 2018-05-16 | Durst Phototechnik Digital Technology GmbH | Drucktintensystem zur herstellung einer mehrfärbigen oberfläche auf glas |
US20130224445A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-08-29 | John Donohoe | Method and System for Ink Jet Printing Images to Complex Contoured Surfaces of Ceramic and Glass Items Such as Dishware |
US9217090B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-12-22 | Wki Holding Company, Inc. | Method and system for ink jet printing images to complex contoured surfaces of ceramic and glass items such as dishware |
US9758684B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2017-09-12 | Wki Holding Company, Inc. | Method and system for ink jet printing images to complex contoured surfaces of ceramic and glass items such as dishware |
WO2014204821A1 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatble article with printed coating thereon, and/or method of making the same |
US9499433B2 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2016-11-22 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable article with printed coating thereon, and/or method of making the same |
US9499435B2 (en) | 2013-06-17 | 2016-11-22 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable article with screen and/or inkjet printed coating thereon, and/or method of making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102007008443A1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
JP5480634B2 (ja) | 2014-04-23 |
JP2010519154A (ja) | 2010-06-03 |
EP2134666B1 (de) | 2016-09-28 |
CN101652338B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
US8445065B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
CN101652338A (zh) | 2010-02-17 |
EP2134666A2 (de) | 2009-12-23 |
WO2008101539A3 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
US20100098952A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
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