Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of solar panels on roofs, and more particularly to the roofing components for supporting pre-manufactured sheets or strips of photovoltaic material.
• Photovoltaic material is well-known by now and readily commercially available in a variety of forms.
• United Solar Ovonics advertises products under the name Uni-Solar® on its web site, www.uni-solar.com. These photovoltaic products come in shingle form and in sheet form.
• BP Solar and other companies like Guangdong Fivestar Solar Energy Company Ltd. also supply photovoltaic material.
• the sheets are often sold in rolls of sheet that can be rolled out on a roof and installed fairly conveniently by means of adhesive backing material.
• the sheet material is relatively inexpensive and light weight; and it generates electricity from solar energy in many weather conditions.
• the photovoltaic material may also be made in strips or in rigid panel form. In any case, on any given roof, the installer may need to apply several sheets or panels to cover the desired portion. The inventor here recognized that this poses several challenges - especially on roofs having any significant slope or pitch.
• the sheets will present multiple edges that will buck water flowing down off the roof. Over time, the water can cause the edges to lift, which creates the possibility that the water can flow under the sheets, which can damage the sheets and the roofing underneath the sheets. This is not as much of a problem when the photovoltaic material is sold in shingle form; but when it is sold in sheet form for application on metal roofs and the like, there could be more of a problem over time.
• the sheets have a favorable fire safety rating on low-pitched roofs, they have a lower rating on higher pitched roofs. It is commercially significant to have a favorable fire safety rating on a variety of roof pitches, so something needed to be done to address this.
• the photovoltaic sheets lie flat on the roofing substrate, there is an issue about where to put the electrical wiring.
• the wiring should stow neatly underneath the sheeting where it is protected and out of sight.
• the roofing system includes: at least one panel having a support plate adapted to support the photovoltaic sheet; a rib extending from one edge of the support plate to a distal end; a receiver flange extending generally perpendicularly from the distal end of the rib over the support plate; and a hem extending from an opposite edge of the support plate, where the hem is adapted to engage a receiver flange on another panel when the panel is mounted on the roof adjacent other panels.
• the rib extends a predetermined distance greater than the thickness of the photovoltaic material so that the receiver flange can extend over the photovoltaic material when it is installed on the support plate.
• a roofing kit for placing over a section of roof deck to generate electricity, the kit comprising: at least one elongated strip of flexible photovoltaic material having a predetermined length; at least one panel supporting the strip where the panels each have edges on the top, bottom, left and right; the panels having a riser on one of the top and bottom edge, where the riser extends generally perpendicularly away from the edge; at least one side flashing for extending along and sealing at least one of the left and right edges of a panel; at least one splice plate for interconnecting adjacent left and right edges of two panels; at least one top flashing for extending along and sealing the top edge of a panel; and at least one bottom flashing for extending along and sealing the bottom edge of a panel.
• roofing panel which includes: a substantially flat portion that extends between top and bottom edges as well as left and right edges; a riser extending away from one of the top and bottom edges in a direction generally perpendicularly from the flat portion toward a remote end; an overhang extending away from the remote end of the riser; and a sheet having photovoltaic material and an adhesive on a back surface of the sheet, with the sheet being applied to the flat portion of the panel with the adhesive bonding to the flat portion.
• the splice plate includes: a slot housing defining left and right slots for receiving edges from the left and right panels, respectively, a left apron connected to the slot housing adjacent the left slot for extending under the left panel, the left apron terminating in a distal check; a right apron connected to the slot housing adjacent the right slot for extending under the right panel, the right apron terminating in a distal check; wherein the splice plate interconnects the panels and prevents water from leaking between the two panels.
• a cover support including an apron for extending under the panel, the apron including a check along one edge of the apron; a slot housing connected to the apron at its opposite edge and forming a slot for receiving an edge of a panel; a side wall extending up from the slot housing; and a mounting flange supported on the side wall.
• a final aspect of the invention focuses on the top closure for the side of a top panel in a solar roofing system, the top closure comprising: an inside apron for extending under the top panel, the inside apron including a check; a slot housing connected to the inside apron defining a slot for receiving an edge of the top panel; an inclined surface assembly connected to the slot housing; and an outside apron connected to the inclined surface assembly and extending away from it to a check.
• the invention By applying the invention in its various aspects, one can install a robust solar roofing system efficiently and inexpensively.
• the materials especially when provided as a kit, can provide an inexpensive, yet well-engineered and easily manufactured and installable solar roofing system. Roofer contractors and even do-it- yourself homeowners can buy the system as a kit and install it, with simple electrical connections that can be completed by an electrician.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a roof with a complete kit of solar panels assembled on it;
• Figure 2 is a similar view with components of the kit exploded away;
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of a panel from the kit with a corner of the photovoltaic material peeled back;
• Figure 4 is a perspective view showing how panels are joined at their sides with splice plates
• Figure 5 is a perspective view showing how panels are joined top to bottom
• Figure 6 is a bottom view of the panel
• Figure 7 is a side sectional view showing the panels of the kit installed on a roof
• Figure 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a splice plate
• Figure 9 is a front view of an embodiment of a splice plate
• Figure 10 is a perspective view of a closure support
• Figure 11 is a section view of the closure support taken along lines 9-9;
• Figure 12 is a perspective view of a top closure
• Figure 13 is a top view of a top closure
• Figure 14 is a perspective view of a cover.
• the system or kit is generally shown at 10 in the Figures and includes a variety of components - chiefly: a series of panels generally indicated at 12, splice plates generally indicated at 14 for interconnecting the panels in a waterproof manner; various closures; various top, bottom and side flashings; and miscellaneous other pieces and trim.
• These components can be supplied as a kit and assembled in place on a roof for providing a robust system, where the system supports the flexible photovoltaic sheets 16 and their respective wiring and electronics to generate electricity.
• a typical kit is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The figures show a kit that has two columns of panels with six panels in a column. But the size can and will vary depending on the desired electrical output.
• the Uni-Solar.com web site includes specification materials for various types of the photovoltaic material commercially available from Uni-Solar®.
• the typical sheet 16 has photovoltaic material and an adhesive 18 on a back surface of the sheet so that the sheet can be applied to the flat portion of a panel 12 with the adhesive bonding to the flat portion.
• the adhesive can be an ethylene propylene copolymer adhesive sealant, and it can include a microbial inhibitor.
• the sheet 16 has amorphous solar cells encapsulated in a high light transmissive polymer, where the high light transmissive polymer can be ETFE.
• Other types of photovoltaic sheet other than Uni-Solar® can be used with the kit 10, and some of these other types are referenced above. Still others are referenced on the internet.
• the components are also selected to provide a roofing system 10 that functions to provide dry, leak-free shelter under the roof.
• the inventive system is also selected to provide a roofing system 10 that functions to provide dry, leak-free shelter under the roof.
• the system 10 includes at least one panel 12 having a support plate 20 adapted to support the photovoltaic sheet 16. This is shown most clearly in Figures 3 and 4.
• the support plate 20 is simply the elongated flat part of the panel 12 that is sized to receive the sheet 16 of the photovoltaic material having a known dimension. As mentioned above, the sheet material 16 may come with a pre-applied adhesive 18 for attaching the sheet to the support plate 20.
• a rib or riser 22 extends generally perpendicularly (i.e. up) from one edge of the support plate 20 to a distal end. As shown in the figures, the edge for the rib 22 is usually the upslope edge (i.e. the higher edge when the plate is installed on a sloped roof), although rib 22 could also extend from the downslope edge.
• the rib 22 extends a predetermined distance above the level of the support plate 12 that is greater than the thickness of the photovoltaic sheet material 16 so that the receiver flange 24 can extend over the photovoltaic material when it is installed on the support plate. The height of the rib 22 will be selected to optimize fire retardation, water flow off the panels, manufacturing and material cost considerations, clearance for electrical wiring, and other considerations.
• the point of the rib or riser 22 is to elevate the edge of the next panel so that the terrace effect is created.
• the adjacent panel 12 can engage the rib 22 in a variety of ways.
• a receiver flange or overhang 24 extends generally perpendicularly from the distal end of the rib 22 back over the support plate.
• a hem 26 extends from an opposite edge of the support plate, where the hem is adapted to engage a receiver flange 24 on another panel when the panel is mounted on the roof adjacent other panels.
• the hem 26 is typically formed by bending the edge of the support plate 12 back under itself.
• the term, "hem" is intended to broadly describe hooks, clips, and similar structures that allow the one panel to hook onto the other.
• Other ways of engaging the rib 22 and an adjacent panel are possible. For example, the edge of an adjacent panel 12 could simply rest on top of the rib 22.
• the typical panel 12 can be formed from a single piece of sheet metal using conventional metal-bending techniques. Clearance holes 28 may be formed in the panel 12 to provide clearance for electrical connectors and wiring. While metal bending is one possibility, other techniques like extrusion can be used for at least some of the parts like the panel. Moreover, materials other than metal can be used, including composites and plastics.
• the system also includes at least one splice plate generally indicated at 14 for interconnecting laterally disposed left and right panels 12.
• the splice plate 14 is shown in connection with the kit 10 in Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5; and it is featured alone in Figure 8.
• the splice plate 14 includes checks 30 formed on either side for catching and channeling water down and off the roof.
• the splice plate 14 also has two central slots 32, 34 that are formed to receive lateral edges of the panels 12, as best shown in Figure 4.
• the central slots 32, 34 are formed by the central cover 36 and the base 38, 40.
• the central slots 32, 34 so formed also act as checks to direct any water down and off the roof.
• the splice plate 14 may also include securing tabs 42, 44. These are shown in Figures 4, 5, and 8.
• the tabs 42 can be bent and secured with a roofer's hand brake in the direction shown in Figure 4.
• the tabs 44 can receive the hem 26 from another plate.
• the splice plate 14 may also be described in another way.
• it can be said to include a slot housing defining left and right slots 32, 34 for receiving edges from the left and right panels 12, respectively.
• a left apron 38 connected to the slot housing adjacent the left slot 32 can extend under the left panel.
• the left apron 38 terminates in a distal check 30.
• a right apron 40 connected to the slot housing adjacent the right slot 34 can extend under the right panel.
• the right apron terminates in a distal check 30.
• the splice plate 14 can interconnect the panels and prevent water from leaking between the two panels.
• the system 10 may also include closure assemblies as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 10-14.
• the closure assemblies are disposed along or near the edges of the panels to close off the open side gap.
• the side gap is formed under the lower or downslope portion of each panel as that portion engages the receiver or rib on the panel beneath it.
• the closure assemblies are sized to cover the gap; and they can be formed from bending sheet metal.
• the closure assemblies each typically include a panel cover portion for extending over the flat edge of the panel, a generally vertical side cover for covering the gap, and a base for mounting on the underlying roof deck.
• One such closure assembly comprises a cover support generally indicated at 46 and a cover generally indicated at 48.
• the cover support 46 includes an apron 50 for extending under the panel, the apron 50 including a check 52 along one edge of the apron.
• the cover support 46 also includes a slot housing 54 connected to the apron 50 at its opposite edge and forming a slot for receiving an edge of a panel 12.
• a side wall 56 extends up from the slot housing 54; and a mounting flange 58 is supported on the side wall.
• a right side cover is shown in Figure 14.
• the cover 48 includes a hem 60 for engaging the mounting flange 58 on the cover support, a cover box 62 extending away from the hem 60, and an apron 64 extending from the cover box to a distal edge having a check 66.
• One or more covers 48 - left and right — can be used in a given kit.
• the illustrated kit 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 show two left covers 48 and two right covers. Covers 48 such as these close off the sides of the system and also provide a conduit for any wiring that must run up or down the roof. Such wiring is shown in phantom in Figure 1 and elsewhere in the other figures.
• a related closure is a top closure generally indicated at 68 for the side of a top panel 12 in a solar roofing system or kit 10.
• the top closure 68 comprises an inside apron 70 for extending under the top panel 12, where the inside apron includes a check 72.
• the top closure 68 also includes a slot housing 74 connected to the inside apron 70 defining a slot for receiving an edge of the top panel 12.
• An inclined surface assembly 76 is connected to the slot housing 74.
• an outside apron 78 is connected to the inclined surface assembly 76 and extends away from it to a check 80.
• the inclined surface assembly provides a transition down from the top of cover 48 to the normal pitch of the roof.
• a typical kit 10 will include two top closures 68 - one for the top left side and one for the top right side, as illustrated in Figure 2.
• the system 10 may also include at least one flashing. Flashings come in a variety of shapes and sizes to deal with a variety of applications. Figures 1, 2 and 7 show some possible flashings, primarily a drip or eave edge 82 and top flashings 84.
• the drip edge 82 includes a standard front drip edge, an apron for extending up the roof edge, and a mounting flange for receiving the hem of the first (lowest) panel 12.
• Top flashings 84 are shown in Figures 1 and 2. These are sheets that include a hem on one edge for hooking onto the top-most panels 12, and a crease or bend located toward the other edge for transitioning back to the roof slope. Splice plates can be used to connect the side edges of adjacent flashings 84. Other flashing possibilities (not shown) include a rake edge and a starter strip. The rake edge is used when the edge of the solar panel system is at the side edge of the roof itself.
• the kit 10 that is shown in Figures 1 and 2 is installed in a location spaced away from the side edge of the roof, and so rake edges are not needed in that instance.
• the rake edge when used, includes a top cover having a clip or hem that attaches to the closure such as cover support 46; a side cover that protects the side edge of the closure and the roof edge; and a drip edge extending down and away from the side cover.
• the system could provide a starter strip that includes typical starter strip features - an eave edge, and front cover, and a top cover.
• the panels can then be mounted on the roof above this and overlapping the top cover.
• flashings e.g. stack flashings
• Various other flashings can and should be used to flash around vents, walls, HVAC units, etc. These can include material that is shaped and colored to resemble the panels.
• the system may include anchoring clips 86 of the general type shown in Figures 2 and 7. Clips such as these can be provided to attach at one end to the receiver flange 24 of the panel 12 with a hem or other means; and at another end to the roof. Roofers can use several such clips to clip the panels to the roof to prevent undesired movement relative to the roof. Typically, the system 10 will use several clips for each panel.
• kit elements including the panels 12, the splice plates 14, the closures and the flashings, fit together in a terraced fashion to create a type of Bermuda-style roof. This is shown best in Figures 1, 2, and 7.
• the figures depict the steps created by the ribs 22, and they show the overall terracing effect of the construction. This permits water to flow down and off the roof, and the edges of the photovoltaic sheet material 16 will not buck the water as it does. This is because the water flowing off the preceding or upslope panel 12 will flow over the edge of the sheet material 16 on the lower panel.
• the height of the terracing impairs the possible movement of flame up the roof, and so the photovoltaic sheet material 16 will benefit from a higher fire safety rating even on higher pitched roofs.
• the steps created by the ribs 22 create a clearance underneath the panels to provide for the running of the electric wires from the photovoltaic sheet material 16. This shelters and covers the wires under the panels, and it allows the roofer to select where to feed the wires through the roofing. Accordingly, the wires need not run above the photovoltaic sheets 16.
• the roofing components are typically made from sheet metal, but they could be made from a variety of other materials including wood, plastics, composites, etc.
• the components are typically formed with sheet metal bending and forming equipment, they can typically also be formed using known extrusion or molding techniques. Therefore, it is to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
• the reference numerals and labels are merely for convenience and are not intended to be in any way limiting.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

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Cited By (8)

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-20 US US11/780,721 patent/US20080190047A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-02-06 CA CA002677654A patent/CA2677654A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-02-06 WO PCT/US2008/053169 patent/WO2008098048A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-02-06 MX MX2009008417A patent/MX2009008417A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-02-06 EP EP08729153A patent/EP2115236A4/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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