WO2008069133A1 - Élément de laminage et procédé de traitement de surface de contact de laminage - Google Patents

Élément de laminage et procédé de traitement de surface de contact de laminage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008069133A1
WO2008069133A1 PCT/JP2007/073187 JP2007073187W WO2008069133A1 WO 2008069133 A1 WO2008069133 A1 WO 2008069133A1 JP 2007073187 W JP2007073187 W JP 2007073187W WO 2008069133 A1 WO2008069133 A1 WO 2008069133A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recess
dynamic pressure
rolling
lubricating oil
contact surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2007/073187
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroki Fujiwara
Takuji Furubayashi
Original Assignee
Ntn Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2006326989A external-priority patent/JP2008138804A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006326949A external-priority patent/JP2008138803A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006354056A external-priority patent/JP2008164054A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006354102A external-priority patent/JP2008164055A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006354132A external-priority patent/JP2008164056A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2006354171A external-priority patent/JP2008164058A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2007104019A external-priority patent/JP2008260998A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2007143800A external-priority patent/JP2008298144A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2007143780A external-priority patent/JP2008298143A/ja
Application filed by Ntn Corporation filed Critical Ntn Corporation
Publication of WO2008069133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008069133A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/664—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6651—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing in recesses or cavities provided in retainers, races or rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/44—Hole or pocket sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical element such as a rolling bearing that realizes friction reduction by a relative motion mainly composed of rolling, and in particular, operating conditions and swinging motion that frequently start and stop, or low speed and high speed.
  • the present invention relates to a rolling member having a rolling contact surface suitable for operating conditions such as a load, and a surface processing method of the rolling contact surface.
  • a fluid lubrication state is established by a dynamic pressure effect of a fluid intervening between objects by relative movement of the object, thereby preventing direct contact of the object and friction and wear. Can be reduced.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for retaining lubricating oil in the recess. This technology can improve the boundary lubrication performance at low speeds.
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-02-168021
  • Patent Document 1 fine concave portions are formed by barrel processing.
  • the formation of a recess by barrel processing is also disclosed in Patent Document 2.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-288221
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that fine irregularities are formed on the surface of a rolling part by barreling after shot blasting.
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-232964
  • Patent Document 4 discloses a method of forming a recess in a rolling surface of a rolling bearing as a thermoplastic.
  • a concave resin is formed by mixing a functional resin and metal powder and then allowing the resin to flow out during heat treatment, a metal powder injection molding method is introduced.
  • Patent Document 4 JP-A-10-227313
  • Patent Document 5 introduces the use of a depression on the surface of a ceramic rolling element as a lubricating oil reservoir.
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-205267
  • Patent Document 6 introduces the formation of minute concave portions on the surface by roller burnishing, in which a roller having minute convex portions is pressed against the surface of a rolling member.
  • Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-116766
  • Patent Document 7 introduces a method of forming a minute recess on a rolling sliding surface by irradiating a short pulse laser.
  • Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-321048
  • Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-105361
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an example in which a deep concave portion is provided in a thrust flat plain bearing that supports high surface pressure. This is intended to improve the boundary lubrication performance by discharging lubricating oil from the recesses due to thermal expansion. However, this technology is not intended to generate hydrodynamic dynamic pressure effects!
  • Non-Patent Document 1 otera, A. Mori, N. Tagawa, PROPOSAL OF A SEIZURE PREVE NTING METHOD IN HEAVILY LOADED SLIDING PAIRS, Synopses of the Interna tional Tribology Conference Kobe, 2005, D-04
  • the hydrodynamic dynamic pressure action is mainly generated by the viscosity of the fluid, the speed of the contact surface, and the wedge shape of the contact surface.
  • the contact portion of the member In normal rolling contact, the contact portion of the member is inevitably wedge-shaped. Therefore, if a certain viscosity or speed is applied, an oil film is formed and the contact surface is separated.
  • the present invention cannot be expected to provide operating conditions and swinging motions that frequently start and stop, or low speed and high load, and supply of lubricating oil from the outside to the contact portion! /, Even under operating conditions, we intend to provide a rolling member that can separate the contact area with lubricating oil and its rolling force ⁇ surface treatment method.
  • the inventors of the present invention can not expect operating conditions and swinging motions that frequently start and stop, or low speed and high load, and supply of lubricating oil from the outside to the contact part! / Under the operating conditions, a number of small shallow recesses that generate a dynamic pressure action due to the presence of lubricating oil are formed in the rolling contact portion, and this dynamic pressure generation surface is deeper than the recess that generates the dynamic pressure action.
  • a sufficient lubricating oil film can be formed even at low speeds due to the supply of lubricating oil from the deep lubricating oil reservoir recess and the dynamic pressure action of many small shallow recesses. Can prevent direct contact of the contact area, and can perform boundary lubrication even at extremely low speeds. It was found that surface damage can be prevented by use.
  • a method of forming the recess there is also a method called microblast.
  • a film made of resin or metal is masked on the surface to be processed, and fine abrasive grains are sprayed to process.
  • the diameter of the recess must be sufficiently larger than the diameter of the abrasive grains.
  • the mask since the mask has a certain thickness, if the concave portions are formed at a pitch smaller than the thickness of the mask, the aspect ratio of the mask deteriorates. For this reason, it is difficult to produce minute recesses on the order of diameter 10111 and pitch 30 m by microblasting.
  • the inventors of the present invention efficiently and accurately form a small shallow recess that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface and a deeper recess than the recess that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface on the rolling contact surface. They found a surface processing method.
  • One of the methods is to form a minute shallow recess that forms a dynamic pressure generating surface by laser processing or etching, and to form a recess that is deeper than the recess that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface. This is a method of efficiently and accurately disposing recesses of two different depths on the rolling contact surface by forming by machining.
  • shallow recesses are formed on the rolling contact surface of the rolling member by laser processing or etching calorie, and deep recesses are formed by microblasting.
  • the recesses are additionally formed on the rolling contact surface of the rolling member on which the concave portion is formed.
  • a laser processing apparatus equipped with a positioning mechanism can accurately form a recess with a size, depth, and position on the order of m or less, and a minute pressure forming a dynamic pressure generating surface. If it is a shallow concave part, processing in a short time is possible.
  • a resist mask is formed in which the opening pattern of the shallow concave portion that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface is exposed on the surface of the rolling contact surface, and a portion other than the opening pattern is masked, and then the resist mask After etching the surface of the rolling contact surface exposed from the surface to the depth of the shallow concave portion that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface, the resist mask is removed to form the shallow concave portion that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface on the surface of the rolling contact surface. It is a method of forming.
  • a method for forming a lubricating oil reservoir recess by microblasting is as follows. First, the surface of the rolling contact surface is exposed with the opening pattern of the lubricant storing recess, and the mask other than the opening pattern is masked. The microblast mask is removed after microblasting is performed by spraying fine abrasive grains onto the surface of the rolling contact surface exposed from the microblast mask.
  • the process of forming the shallow concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure action and the process of processing the lubricating oil storage concave portion are performed first.
  • the force S is free.
  • the shallow concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure action is formed first.
  • the resist solution that forms the microblast mask penetrates into a shallow recess that generates a dynamic pressure action.
  • the blast mask is difficult to remove. For this reason, it is easier to remove the microblast mask by first forming the shallow concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure action. Therefore, first, the shallow concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure action is formed first. preferable.
  • a minute shallow recess that forms a dynamic pressure generating surface is formed by laser processing, and a recess deeper than the recess that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface is formed by etching.
  • two concave portions having different depths are arranged on the contact surface with high accuracy and efficiency.
  • the shallow recesses are formed on the rolling contact surface of the rolling member by laser processing, and the deep recesses are formed by etching, and one of the recesses is formed.
  • the other concave portion is additionally formed on the rolling contact surface of the rolling member.
  • a concave portion can be formed with accuracy in the order of size, depth, and position of m or less, and if it is a small shallow concave portion that forms a dynamic pressure generating surface, Processing in a short time is possible.
  • the etching process is performed using a resist mask in which the opening pattern of the lubricating oil reservoir recess is exposed on the surface of the rolling contact surface, and the portions other than the opening pattern are masked. Then, after etching the surface of the rolling contact surface exposed from the resist mask to the depth of the lubricating oil storage recess, the resist mask is removed to form the lubricating oil storage recess on the surface of the rolling contact surface. Is the method.
  • a photoresist layer is formed by applying a photoresist on the surface of the rolling contact surface, and an opening for a lubricating oil reservoir recess is formed on the surface of the photoresist layer. Covered with a pattern printed cover film, exposed, then removed uncured portion of the photoresist layer to expose the open pattern portion of the lubricant reservoir recess, and masked portions other than the open pattern It is possible to adopt a photo-resisting method that remains in
  • a method may be used in which a resist ink is printed by a screen printing method so as to cover a portion other than the opening pattern of the lubricant reservoir recess.
  • the shallower concave portion or the deeper lubricating oil reservoir concave portion first in the laser processing and the etching processing. If the shallower recess is first formed by laser processing, it will be shallower in the etching process. Since the resist solution for forming the resist mask enters the recess, the resist mask becomes difficult to remove. For this reason, it is easier to remove the resist mask in the etching process because the resist mask can be easily removed. First, it is preferable to form the deeper lubricating oil reservoir recess in the etching process. .
  • a shallow concave portion that generates a dynamic pressure effect and a concave portion that is deeper than the shallow concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure effect are formed on the rolling contact surface by etching. This is a method of accurately arranging recesses having two different depths.
  • one of two recesses having different depths is formed on the rolling contact surface of the rolling member by the first etching step, and then, the rolling contact of the rolling member having one recess is formed.
  • the other concave portion is additionally formed on the touch surface in the second etching step.
  • a resist mask in which a shallow concave portion or a lubricant storing concave portion that generates a dynamic pressure action is exposed on the surface of the rolling contact surface, and a portion other than the opening pattern is masked is used. Then, after etching the surface of the rolling contact surface exposed from the resist mask to the depth of the shallow concave portion or the lubricating oil storage concave portion that generates the dynamic pressure action, the resist mask is removed to form the surface of the rolling contact surface. This is a process of forming shallow V, concave portions or lubricating oil reservoir concave portions that generate a dynamic pressure action.
  • the second etching step is a step performed subsequent to the first etching step, and is a rolling contact in which a shallow concave portion or a lubricating oil storage concave portion that generates a dynamic pressure action is formed by the first etching step.
  • a shallow concavity that generates a dynamic pressure action or an opening pattern of a lubricating oil reservoir concavity is exposed, and a resist mask is formed in which portions other than the opening pattern are masked, and then the rolling contact surface exposed from the resist mask.
  • a photoresist layer is formed by applying a photoresist to the surface of the rolling contact surface.
  • the surface is exposed with a cover film printed with a shallow recess that generates a dynamic pressure effect or an opening pattern of a lubricating oil storage recess, and then the uncured portion of the photoresist layer is removed to generate a dynamic pressure effect.
  • a photoresist method in which a portion of the opening pattern of the shallow recess or the lubricating oil storage recess is exposed and a portion other than the opening pattern is left in a masked state.
  • a shallow concave portion in which the resist ink generates a dynamic pressure action by a screen printing method is used.
  • a method of printing so as to cover a portion other than the opening pattern of the lubricating oil reservoir recess may be used.
  • the first etching step and the second etching step it is free to form the shallower concave portion or the deeper lubricating oil reservoir concave portion first, but the deeper lubricating oil reservoir is formed. If the concave portion is formed in the first etching step first, the resist mask is difficult to remove because the resist solution for forming the resist mask enters the deep concave portion in the first etching step. For this reason, in the first etching step, it is easier to remove the resist mask when the shallower concave portion is formed. Therefore, first, the shallower dynamic pressure generating concave portion is formed in the first etching step. I like it!
  • the rolling contact surface is provided with a small shallow concave portion that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface and a concave portion that is deeper than the concave portion that forms the dynamic pressure generating surface. Since it can be formed accurately and efficiently, the lubricating oil from the deep lubricating oil reservoir recess An excellent rolling member that has sufficient lubrication oil film formed even at low speeds due to the supply and the shallow small number of dynamic pressure acting concave parts, and surface damage was prevented by boundary lubrication even at extremely low speeds. Can be manufactured.
  • a dynamic pressure generating surface having a large number of minute concave portions that generate a dynamic pressure action due to the presence of lubricating oil is formed in the rolling contact portion, and the dynamic pressure generating surface is Deeper than the recesses! /, Interspersed with lubricating oil reservoir recesses! /.
  • the rolling member according to the present invention has, for example, a large number of minute dynamic pressure depressions that generate a dynamic pressure action under the condition that the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the contact portion from the outside with a low speed is small. Even when there is not enough lubricating oil, at the start of relative motion, the lubricant is discharged into the contact surface due to the lubricating oil force and thermal expansion stored in the deep lubricating oil reservoir recess. Lubricating oil is supplied to the oil and an oil film is easily formed by the dynamic pressure action. Therefore, the fluid lubrication state can be maintained even at a speed at which a sufficient oil film is not formed, and the contact portion can be separated by the lubricating oil.
  • the large number of minute recesses that generate the dynamic pressure action may be hole-shaped or groove-shaped.
  • the deep lubricating oil reservoir recesses formed on the dynamic pressure generating surface are preferably arranged in a staggered manner in the rolling force direction.
  • the bottom surface of the minute recess that generates the dynamic pressure action is formed so as to be inclined so as to become shallower in the rolling direction.
  • a phosphate coating treatment or a blackening treatment coating is formed as a lubricant retaining coating on at least the hill surface of the dynamic pressure generating surface, the depth of the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil reservoir recess is increased. Due to the wettability of the supply and lubricating oil, the retention of the lubricating oil by the lubricant-retaining coating, and the dynamic pressure action by the shallow V and many small recesses, a sufficient lubricating oil film can be obtained even at low speeds. It can be formed and direct contact of the contact portion can be prevented. Moreover, surface damage can be prevented by boundary lubrication even at extremely low speeds.
  • the phosphate treatment and the black dyeing treatment are treatments that generate micropores on the surface and improve the wettability of the liquid. This treatment improves the retention of the lubricant and causes rolling in the initial stage of operation. It is possible to reduce wear caused by familiarity between members.
  • the minute recesses for generating the dynamic pressure action and the members for forming the lubricating oil storage recesses can also be formed of ceramic such as silicon nitride.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a first example in which the present invention is applied to a roller of a cylindrical roller bearing.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing an arrangement example of a lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in a rolling force S contact portion and a shallow hole-shaped recess 5 for generating a dynamic pressure action in the first example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing another example of arrangement of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the rolling contact S contact portion and the shallow hole-shaped recess 5 that generates a dynamic pressure action in the first example of the present invention. is there.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a second example in which the present invention is applied to a roller of a cylindrical roller bearing.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing an arrangement example of a lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in a rolling force S contact portion and a shallow groove-shaped recess 5 for generating a dynamic pressure action in a second example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view showing another arrangement example of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the rolling force S contact portion and the shallow groove-shaped recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action in the second example of the present invention. is there.
  • FIG. 7 Rolling force of the rolling member according to the present invention S An example of the cross-sectional shape of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the contact portion and the shallow recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view cut
  • FIG. 8 shows another example of the cross-sectional shape of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the rolling contact portion S of the rolling member according to the present invention and the shallow recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action. — Direction of A line FIG.
  • FIG. 9 Rolling force of the rolling member according to the present invention S
  • An example of the cross-sectional shape of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the contact portion and the shallow recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view cut along the direction of the line, where (a) shows an example in which a solid lubricating film or lubricant retaining film 7 is formed only on the outermost surface, and (b) shows a solid lubricating film or This is an example in which the lubricant retaining film 7 is formed.
  • FIG. 10 Another example of the cross-sectional shape of the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 formed in the rolling contact S rolling contact portion and the shallow recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action of the rolling member according to the present invention.
  • Longitudinal sectional view cut along the direction of line A (a) shows an example in which a solid lubricant film or lubricant retaining film 7 is formed only on the outermost surface, and (b) shows a solid material inside the recess. This is an example in which a lubricating coating or a lubricant retaining coating 7 is formed.
  • FIG. 11 is a process explanatory view showing a first embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a process of forming a shallow recess in the second embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a step of forming deep recesses in the second embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a process explanatory view of a third embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a process explanatory view showing a first etching process in the fourth embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a process explanatory view showing a second etching process in the fourth embodiment of the surface forming method of the present invention.
  • the concave portions 5 having a small number of holes that generate a dynamic pressure action due to the presence of lubricating oil.
  • the dynamic pressure generating surface having the above is formed, and the lubricating oil storing concave portions 4 deeper than the concave portion 5 are scattered on the dynamic pressure generating surface.
  • the shallow concave portion 5 is represented by a white circle
  • the lubricating oil storage concave portion 4 is represented by a black circle.
  • the shallow recesses 5 are uniformly arranged on the entire rolling surface 3 of the roller 2. Further, in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, the positional relationship between the force lubricating oil storage recess 4 and the shallow recess 5 is mutually arranged such that a part of the recess 5 is replaced with the lubricating oil storage recess 4. K;
  • the deep lubricating oil storage recesses 4 are scattered so as to be arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in the rolling and sliding direction of the roller 2 (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2).
  • the rollers 2 may be scattered in a staggered manner at predetermined intervals in the rolling and sliding direction of the roller 2 (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3).
  • the lubricating oil 6 discharged from the deep lubricating oil storage recess 4 moves backward in the traveling direction with the rolling motion of the roller, so that the lubricating oil storage recess 4 is moved at predetermined intervals as shown in the example of FIG.
  • the distribution of the lubricating oil on the surface becomes parallel streaks as shown by the dashed line in FIG.
  • the streaks to the surface of the lubricating oil 6 are formed as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 3 rather than in the example of FIG. Distribution almost doubles.
  • the rolling surface 3 of the roller 2 is enlarged as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, and a minute recess that generates a dynamic pressure action due to the presence of lubricating oil.
  • the groove 5 is formed in a groove shape, and the lubricating oil reservoir recesses 4 deeper than the depth of the recess 5 are scattered on the dynamic pressure generating surface on which the recess 5 having the groove shape is formed.
  • the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 is represented by a black circle.
  • the shallow groove-shaped recesses 5 are evenly arranged on the entire rolling surface 3 of the roller 2 so as to go straight in the lubricating oil flow direction.
  • the lubricating oil storage recess 4 is disposed between the groove-shaped recess 5 and the groove-shaped recess.
  • the positional relationship between the groove-shaped recess 5 and the lubricant storage recess 4 is as follows. Is optional.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the shallow concave portion 5, that is, the bottom surface of the concave portion 5 may be inclined without having to be parallel to the surface.
  • the dynamic pressure action decreases, so at least the direction of fluid flow (see FIGS. 7 and 8), as shown in FIGS. It is desirable to incline so as to become shallow in the direction of the arrow).
  • force S can be used to reduce wear during starting and stopping.
  • the lubricating oil storage recess 4 that is deeper than the shallow recess 5 that generates the dynamic pressure action is intended to store the lubricating oil, so that the larger the volume, the better.
  • the dynamic pressure that contributes to supporting the load is not generated in the lubricant at the opening, it is desirable that the area of the opening is small. Therefore, assuming a normal rolling force contact mechanism element represented by a rolling bearing, the lubricating oil reservoir recess 4 has a small diameter and a deep hole. Considering the current level of processing technology that can be mass-produced, the diameter will be 20 to 30 111 and the depth will be about 100 m.
  • the concave portion 5 for generating the dynamic pressure action is intended to generate dynamic pressure in a minute contact area, there are a large number in the contact surface that is relatively small with respect to the area of the contact portion. It is desirable. Therefore, the diameter should be 20-30111 or less.
  • the depth of the groove that effectively generates the dynamic pressure action is a force that is as deep as the oil film thickness.
  • the rolling bearing has a rotational speed of 0 at the start of operation or the dead center of the swing motion, and gradually reaches a predetermined or maximum rotational speed. Immediately after starting the motion from zero speed, no lubricant is supplied from the outside, and since the speed of the contact surface is low, no oil film is formed, and the solids are in contact with each other. If the movement continues in the contact state, heat is generated due to high friction, and the lubricating oil held in the concave portion of the contact surface expands.
  • the lubricating oil retained in the recess 5 is also discharged to the contact surface and is thought to contribute to lubrication.However, in the deep lubricating oil storage recess 4, a relatively large amount of lubricating oil is caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the solid and the lubricating oil. Will be discharged onto the contact surface.
  • the lubricating oil stored in the deep lubricating oil storage recess 4 is discharged mainly due to thermal expansion caused by heat generation on the contact surface, but the roller member also expands due to heat generation on the contact surface. Since the volume of the lubricating oil storage recess 4 also increases, the amount of lubricating oil discharged depends on the expansion of the volume of the lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil storage recess 4 and the increase in the volume of the lubricating oil storage recess 4. And the difference.
  • the coefficient of linear expansion of steel used for ordinary rolling bearings is about 12 X lCT 6 ! ⁇ 1
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of silicon nitride is about 3 X IO ⁇ K— 1 .
  • FIG. 9 (a) and FIG. 10 (a) show solid surfaces only on the outermost surface of the dynamic pressure generating surface having the shallow recess 5, that is, on the surface of the hill portion formed on the dynamic pressure generating surface.
  • a lubricating coating or a lubricant retaining coating 7 is formed.
  • a solid lubricant film or a lubricant retaining film 7 is formed only on the outermost surface, i.e., the surface of the hill, and the lubricating oil storage recess 4 and the shallow recess are formed.
  • the hole treatment may be performed after the surface treatment is performed.
  • the solid lubricant film or the lubricant retaining film 7 is formed even inside the recess between the hills.
  • a surface treatment may be performed after the processing of the concave portion.
  • This solid lubricant film or lubricant retaining film 7 is applied in order to reduce wear at the initial stage of operation in a ruptured state where there is no lubricant film, or to diffuse the lubricant oil discharged to the surface.
  • the surface treatment inside the recess is not always necessary.
  • solid lubricating coating examples include DLC (diamond-like carbon "lubricating hard coating"), soft metal plating, and MoS coating.
  • a phosphate treatment and a black dyeing treatment As a method for forming the lubricant retaining film, there are a phosphate treatment and a black dyeing treatment. Phosphate treatment and black dyeing treatment produce fine pores on the surface and improve the wettability of the liquid. By this treatment, the retention of the lubricant is improved, and the rolling members at the initial stage of operation are compatible with each other. It is possible to reduce wear.
  • the shallow concave portion 5 having a groove shape is a groove in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
  • the direction of the groove is arbitrarily determined according to the shape of the contact portion and the like. Can be determined.
  • the rolling member of the present invention has, on the rolling contact surface, a small shallow concave portion that forms a dynamic pressure generating surface, and a lubricating oil storage concave portion that is deeper than the concave portion that forms this dynamic pressure generating surface.
  • a shallow concave portion 5 that generates dynamic pressure by laser processing was formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member, and then the shallow concave portion 5 was formed by microblasting.
  • a shallow concave portion with a depth of about 0.1 to 1 111 is formed by laser processing on the surface of the base material ⁇ of the rolling member using a laser processing device equipped with a positioning mechanism.
  • a resin resist film 8 is attached to the surface of the base material A of the rolling member in which the shallow recess 5 is formed.
  • the surface of the resist film 8 is covered with a cover film 10 on which the pattern 9 of the opening surface of the deep recess 4 is printed.
  • ultraviolet rays are irradiated from above the cover film 10 to cure the resist film 8 immediately below the light transmitting portion of the cover film 10 and to light-shield the pattern 9 printed thereon.
  • the resist film 8 immediately below the part is left uncured.
  • the resist film 8 uses an ultraviolet-curing type force S, and conversely, a resist film of a type that cures the part not irradiated with ultraviolet light may be used. Use negative and positive inversion.
  • microblasting is a method in which fine abrasive grains are sprayed to form deep recesses 4 having a depth of about 10 to 100 m.
  • shallow recesses 5 that generate dynamic pressure are formed by etching on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member, and then the lubricating oil reservoir recesses are formed on the surface on which the shallow recesses 5 are formed by microblasting.
  • a second embodiment of the surface processing method of the present invention for forming the deep recess 4 will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • a resist is applied to the surface of the base material A of the rolling member and preliminarily dried to form a resist film 12.
  • the surface of the resist film 12 is covered with a cover film 14 on which the pattern 13 of the opening surface of the shallow recess 5 is printed.
  • ultraviolet rays are irradiated from above the cover film 14 to cure the resist film 12 immediately below the light transmission portion of the cover film 14, thereby blocking the pattern 13 printed.
  • the resist film 12 immediately below the light portion is left uncured.
  • the force of using an ultraviolet curing type resist film 12 may be used.
  • a resist mask 15 is formed in which the opening pattern of the shallow concave portion 5 is exposed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member, and portions other than the opening pattern are masked.
  • an etching process is performed to form a shallow recess 5.
  • the shallow recesses 5 having a predetermined depth are formed by controlling the etching time, the etching solution concentration, and in the case of electrolytic etching, the voltage.
  • a resin is formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member in which the shallow recess 5 is formed by etching.
  • a plastic resist film 8 is affixed.
  • the surface of the resist film 8 is patterned on the opening surface of the deep recess 4.
  • the cover film 10 printed with the cover 9 is covered.
  • the cover film 10 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the resist film 8 immediately below the light transmission portion of the cover film 10 and to light-shield the pattern 9 printed thereon.
  • the resist film 8 immediately below the part is left uncured.
  • the resist film 8 uses an ultraviolet curing type of force S, and conversely, a resist film of a type that cures the part that is not irradiated with ultraviolet light may be used. Use 10 negatives and positives inverted.
  • the cover film 10 is removed, the uncured portion of the resist film 8 is removed, and the opening of the deep recess 4 is formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member as shown in FIG.
  • a microblast mask 11 is formed in which the pattern is exposed and the portions other than the opening pattern are masked.
  • micro blasting is performed to form deep recesses 4.
  • Microblasting is a method in which fine abrasive grains are sprayed to form deep recesses 4 having a depth of about 10 to 100 m.
  • the microblast mask 11 is removed, and the microblast processing is ended.
  • the two different types of recesses, the shallow recess 5 and the deep recess 4 can be regularly formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member. .
  • Three or more types of recesses can also be formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling S member by appropriately repeating the formation process of the shallow recesses 5 and the formation process of the deep recesses 4.
  • a shallow recess 5 that generates dynamic pressure by laser processing is applied to the surface of the base material A of the rolling member.
  • a method of forming the deep concave portion 4 to be the lubricating oil reservoir concave portion on the surface where the shallow concave portion 5 has been formed by etching using a photoresist is described with reference to FIG.
  • a laser processing apparatus having a positioning mechanism is used on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member, and the depth is about 0.1 to 1 111 by laser processing.
  • a shallow recess 5 is formed.
  • a resist is applied to the surface of the base material A of the rolling member in which the shallow concave portion 5 is formed by laser processing, and pre-dried to form a resist film 16 Do
  • the surface of the resist film 16 is covered with a cover film 18 on which the pattern 17 of the opening surface of the deep recess 4 is printed.
  • ultraviolet rays are irradiated from above the cover film 18 to cure the resist film 16 immediately below the light transmission portion of the cover film 18 and print the pattern 17.
  • the resist film 16 immediately below the portion is left uncured.
  • the force of using an ultraviolet curing type resist film 16 On the contrary, a resist film of a type in which a portion not irradiated with ultraviolet light is hardened may be used. Use the reverse of positive and negative.
  • the opening pattern of the deep recesses 4 is exposed on the surface of the base material of the rolling member, and a resist mask 19 is formed in which portions other than the opening pattern are masked.
  • an etching process is performed to form deep recesses 4.
  • the etching process controls the etching time, the etchant concentration, and in the case of electrolytic etching, the voltage is controlled to form a deep recess 4 having a depth of 10 to 100 m.
  • the base material of the rolling member Three or more types of recesses can be formed on the surface of A.
  • a shallow concave portion 5 that generates dynamic pressure is formed in the first etching step, and then the surface on which the shallow concave portion 5 is formed is lubricated in the second etching step.
  • a fourth embodiment of the surface processing method of the present invention for forming a deep recess 4 to be an oil storage recess will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • FIG. 15 shows a first etching step
  • FIG. 16 shows a second etching step
  • both the first etching step and the second etching step are performed by an etching method using a photoresist. Adopted.
  • a resist is applied to the surface of the base material A of the rolling member and preliminarily dried to form a resist film 20 To do.
  • the surface of the resist film 20 is covered with a cover film 22 on which the pattern 21 of the opening surface of the shallow recess 5 is printed.
  • ultraviolet rays are irradiated from above the cover film 22 to cure the resist film 20 immediately below the light transmitting portion of the cover film 22, and to print the pattern 21 printed thereon.
  • the resist film 20 immediately below the light portion is left in an uncured state.
  • the force of using an ultraviolet curing type resist film 20 it is possible to use a resist film that cures the part that is not irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Use the one with the positive reversed.
  • a resist mask 23 is formed in which the opening pattern of the shallow recess 5 is exposed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member, and the portions other than the opening pattern are masked.
  • an etching process is performed to form a shallow recess 5.
  • the shallow recess 5 having a predetermined depth is formed by controlling the etching time, the etching solution concentration, and in the case of electrolytic etching, the voltage.
  • the resist mask 23 is removed, and the first etching step is completed.
  • the second etching step shown in FIG. 16 as shown in FIG. 16 (g), on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member in which the shallow concave portion 5 is formed by the first etching step.
  • a resist is applied and pre-dried to form a resist film 24.
  • the surface of the resist film 24 is covered with a cover film 26 on which the pattern 25 of the opening surface of the deep recess 4 is printed.
  • ultraviolet rays are irradiated from above the cover film 26 to cure the resist film 24 immediately below the light transmitting portion of the cover film 26, and to shield the light having the pattern 25 printed thereon.
  • the resist film 24 immediately below the portion is left uncured.
  • the force of using an ultraviolet curing type resist film 24, on the contrary it is possible to use a resist film that cures the portion that is not irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Use an inverted version of the position.
  • a resist mask 27 is formed in which the opening pattern of the deep recesses 4 is exposed and the portions other than the opening pattern are masked on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member.
  • an etching process is performed to form deep recesses 4.
  • the etching time, the concentration of the etchant, and in the case of electrolytic etching, the voltage is controlled to be shallower and different from the case of forming the concave portion 2 to obtain a predetermined depth! /, Concave portion 4.
  • the resist mask 27 is removed, and the second etching step is completed.
  • the first etching step and the second etching step described above two different types of recesses, the shallow recess 5 and the deep recess 4, can be regularly formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member.
  • steps (g) to (1) of the etching step 2 three or more types of recesses can be formed on the surface of the base material A of the rolling member.
  • the cover film 22 and the cover film 26 are Can be combined with the same film.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un grand nombre de minuscules dépressions (5) sont formées dans une partie de contact de laminage, et les dépressions (5) créent un effet de pression dynamique lorsque de l'huile de lubrification est présente dans les dépressions. Les dépressions (4) contenant de l'huile de lubrification plus profondes que la dépression (5), qui créent l'effet de pression dynamique, sont formées dans les surfaces de création de pression dynamique. Par ceci, même à basse vitesse, un film d'huile de lubrification suffisant peut être formé par fourniture de l'huile de lubrification à partir des dépressions profondes (4) et par effet dynamique dans le grand nombre de dépressions peu profondes (5). Un contact direct de la partie de contact de laminage est empêché, et, même à très basse vitesse, un dommage de la surface de la partie peut être empêché par effet de lubrification limite.
PCT/JP2007/073187 2006-12-04 2007-11-30 Élément de laminage et procédé de traitement de surface de contact de laminage WO2008069133A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006326989A JP2008138804A (ja) 2006-12-04 2006-12-04 転がり部材
JP2006-326989 2006-12-04
JP2006-326949 2006-12-04
JP2006326949A JP2008138803A (ja) 2006-12-04 2006-12-04 転がり部材
JP2006-354102 2006-12-28
JP2006-354171 2006-12-28
JP2006354056A JP2008164054A (ja) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 転がり部材
JP2006354102A JP2008164055A (ja) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 転がり部材
JP2006354132A JP2008164056A (ja) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 転がり部材
JP2006-354056 2006-12-28
JP2006354171A JP2008164058A (ja) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 転がり部材
JP2006-354132 2006-12-28
JP2007-104019 2007-04-11
JP2007104019A JP2008260998A (ja) 2007-04-11 2007-04-11 転がり接触面の表面加工方法
JP2007143800A JP2008298144A (ja) 2007-05-30 2007-05-30 転がり接触面の表面加工方法
JP2007-143800 2007-05-30
JP2007-143780 2007-05-30
JP2007143780A JP2008298143A (ja) 2007-05-30 2007-05-30 転がり接触面の表面加工方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008069133A1 true WO2008069133A1 (fr) 2008-06-12

Family

ID=39492029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2007/073187 WO2008069133A1 (fr) 2006-12-04 2007-11-30 Élément de laminage et procédé de traitement de surface de contact de laminage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008069133A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011072664A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Structure contenant un lubrifiant solide (structure pour lubrifiant solide), notamment structure pour lubrifiant solide conçue pour une application tribologique sous vide, et procédé de production
CN102226459A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2011-10-26 江苏大学 一种轴承的激光微造型自润滑处理方法
EP2341248A3 (fr) * 2009-12-30 2014-01-01 General Electric Company Roulements texturés en surface
US20140056547A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-27 Jtekt Corporation Rolling bearing
CN103670586A (zh) * 2012-09-12 2014-03-26 住友重机械工业株式会社 减速装置
EP2711572A3 (fr) * 2012-09-20 2014-07-09 Jtekt Corporation Roulement avec poches de lubrifiant dans le chemin de roulement
US20150143948A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-28 Aktiebolaget Skf Cam Follower Device
US11920634B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2024-03-05 Aktiebolaget Skf Wheel hub assembly

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4940208Y1 (fr) * 1970-12-28 1974-11-05
JPH11336772A (ja) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-07 Nippon Seiko Kk 転がり軸受
JP2001065573A (ja) * 1999-07-28 2001-03-16 Saint Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc 改良された全セラミックベアリング
JP2001227621A (ja) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 変速機の軸受構造
JP2006038000A (ja) * 2004-07-22 2006-02-09 Brother Ind Ltd 転がり軸受け及び主軸装置
JP2006105361A (ja) * 2004-10-08 2006-04-20 Toyota Motor Corp 転がり軸受、転がり軸受システム及び転がり軸受用の軸部
JP2006226403A (ja) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-31 Ntn Corp 転がり軸受
JP2006320907A (ja) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-30 Muneharu Kutsuna 粉体および被膜を用いたマイクロレーザピーニング処理およびマイクロレーザピーニング処理部品

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4940208Y1 (fr) * 1970-12-28 1974-11-05
JPH11336772A (ja) * 1998-05-26 1999-12-07 Nippon Seiko Kk 転がり軸受
JP2001065573A (ja) * 1999-07-28 2001-03-16 Saint Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc 改良された全セラミックベアリング
JP2001227621A (ja) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 変速機の軸受構造
JP2006038000A (ja) * 2004-07-22 2006-02-09 Brother Ind Ltd 転がり軸受け及び主軸装置
JP2006105361A (ja) * 2004-10-08 2006-04-20 Toyota Motor Corp 転がり軸受、転がり軸受システム及び転がり軸受用の軸部
JP2006226403A (ja) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-31 Ntn Corp 転がり軸受
JP2006320907A (ja) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-30 Muneharu Kutsuna 粉体および被膜を用いたマイクロレーザピーニング処理およびマイクロレーザピーニング処理部品

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011072664A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Structure contenant un lubrifiant solide (structure pour lubrifiant solide), notamment structure pour lubrifiant solide conçue pour une application tribologique sous vide, et procédé de production
EP2341248A3 (fr) * 2009-12-30 2014-01-01 General Electric Company Roulements texturés en surface
CN102226459A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2011-10-26 江苏大学 一种轴承的激光微造型自润滑处理方法
US20140056547A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-27 Jtekt Corporation Rolling bearing
US8770847B2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-07-08 Jtekt Corporation Rolling bearing
CN103670586A (zh) * 2012-09-12 2014-03-26 住友重机械工业株式会社 减速装置
EP2711572A3 (fr) * 2012-09-20 2014-07-09 Jtekt Corporation Roulement avec poches de lubrifiant dans le chemin de roulement
US8821025B2 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-09-02 Jtekt Corporation Rolling bearing
US20150143948A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-28 Aktiebolaget Skf Cam Follower Device
US11920634B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2024-03-05 Aktiebolaget Skf Wheel hub assembly

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2008069133A1 (fr) Élément de laminage et procédé de traitement de surface de contact de laminage
CN101573206B (zh) 在大于200MPa接触压力下工作的在加工润滑介质中的摩擦件及其在汽车领域中的用途
JP5936079B2 (ja) メカニカルシール
US20120088615A1 (en) CVT Pulley With Engineered Surface
JP2009002436A (ja) 転がり摺動部材
US4654939A (en) Foil bearing surfaces and method of making same
JP2009108963A (ja) 転がり部材
JP2009121659A (ja) 転がり部材
US20060037196A1 (en) Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions
JP2008298144A (ja) 転がり接触面の表面加工方法
JP2008298143A (ja) 転がり接触面の表面加工方法
JP2008260998A (ja) 転がり接触面の表面加工方法
JP2009115187A (ja) 転がり部材
JP2009121554A (ja) 転がり部材
JP2006105323A (ja) 玉軸受
JP4794964B2 (ja) 軸受装置及びこれを備えたモータ
JP2010190390A (ja) 転がり摺動部材及び転がり軸受並びに転がり摺動部材の製造方法
JP2957737B2 (ja) スラスト転がり軸受
JP2008138803A (ja) 転がり部材
JP2013076469A (ja) 転がり摺動部材及び転がり軸受並びに転がり摺動部材の製造方法
JP2008164056A (ja) 転がり部材
JP2008164054A (ja) 転がり部材
JP3761596B2 (ja) ワンウェイクラッチの潤滑機構
JP4110463B2 (ja) トロイダル型無段変速機
JP2004116766A (ja) 転がり摺動部材の製造方法およびそれにより得られた転がり摺動部材、並びにそれを用いた転がり軸受

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07859695

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07859695

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1