WO2008061229A1 - Buffer layer for strings - Google Patents

Buffer layer for strings Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008061229A1
WO2008061229A1 PCT/US2007/084973 US2007084973W WO2008061229A1 WO 2008061229 A1 WO2008061229 A1 WO 2008061229A1 US 2007084973 W US2007084973 W US 2007084973W WO 2008061229 A1 WO2008061229 A1 WO 2008061229A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
nylon
buffer layer
filaments
gaps
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/084973
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008061229A9 (en
Inventor
Zvi Yaniv
Yunjun Li
Dongsheng Mao
Original Assignee
Appliced Nanotech Holdings, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Appliced Nanotech Holdings, Inc. filed Critical Appliced Nanotech Holdings, Inc.
Priority to JP2009537390A priority Critical patent/JP2010510400A/ja
Priority to AT07864530T priority patent/ATE530230T1/de
Priority to EP07864530A priority patent/EP2083928B1/en
Publication of WO2008061229A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008061229A1/en
Publication of WO2008061229A9 publication Critical patent/WO2008061229A9/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/10—Strings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/10—Natural organic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3007—Carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]

Definitions

  • the strings for sports equipment e.g., tennis raquets
  • musical instruments are usually coated with a thin layer at their outmost surface to improve their durability, spin, feeling, etc.
  • Nanocomposites such as clay and carbon nanotube reinforced nylon 6 nanocomposites, having better physical properties than neat nylon 6, are of a potential to be highly durable string coating materials with other functionalities.
  • the reinforcing polymeric composites using nano-sized clay particles with high aspect ratio have been investigated since the 1980's (see U.S. Patent No.
  • Strings are usually polymer materials with a multi-layer structure - core filament, wrapping filaments on the core filament, and coating.
  • coating materials are required to match the base materials and have good melt-flow properties (acceptable viscosity) at certain temperature to allow them to be penetrated into the gaps between the wrapping filaments.
  • Viscosity of a nanocomposite is usually higher than neat nylon 6 at the same temperature. Thus, the nanocomposite may not easily penetrate into the gaps between the wrapping filaments.
  • Figure 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament. It can be seen that the nanocomposite material did not successfully fill out the gaps.
  • Figure 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament
  • Figure 2 shows an SEM image of chipped materials from filaments and coatings after high impact tests on a string
  • Figure 3 A illustrates a cross-section of a core filament with wrapping filaments surrounding it
  • Figure 3B illustrates a buffer layer applied onto the wrapping filament
  • Figure 3 C illustrates a coating applied onto the buffer layer
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • polymer nanocomposites have higher physical/mechanical properties than neat polymer materials, they normally have higher viscosity or melt- flow during an extrusion or coating process.
  • a thin buffer layer is used to coat on the multi-filament wrapped string to fill the gaps.
  • the polymers of the buffer-layer coating have a high melt-flow (low viscosity) during coating process to fill all the gaps between the filaments, and the filaments are fixed by the coatings onto base core materials.
  • Example 1 A coating system with a nylon 6 buffer layer
  • Figure 3A illustrates a cross-section of a string for coating comprised of one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
  • Neat nylon 6 pellets as may be obtained from UBE Industries Inc. (product name: UBE SF 1018 A) are melted.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 22O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi- filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 6 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated (Figure 3C) by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
  • a nylon 6/clay or nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-
  • the wear-resistant coating may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • Example 2 A coating system with a nylon 11 buffer layer
  • the string for coating is one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302.
  • Neat nylon 11 may be obtained from ARKEMA Inc. Nylon 11 has a very good melt flow at temperatures over 22O 0 C. Good impact strength and shear strength also make nylon 11 a good buffer layer material.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 19O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 304.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 304 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be melted at higher than 19O 0 C and extruded to deposit a coating on the strings. Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be dissolved in a solvent such as formic acid and sprayed, dipped, spin coated, brushed, painted, or immersed to deposit a coating on the string at room temperature or elevated temperatures. The solvent may be then removed by a follow-up process such as an evaporation method.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coated string structure of Figure 3 C is then coated again with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 401.
  • a buffer layer coating 402 similar to layer 303, is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 19O 0 C to 27O 0 C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 402 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 401 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 403 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 24O 0 C to 28O 0 C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 403.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 403.
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 403 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.

Landscapes

  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
PCT/US2007/084973 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Buffer layer for strings WO2008061229A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009537390A JP2010510400A (ja) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 ストリングのためのバッファ層
AT07864530T ATE530230T1 (de) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Pufferschicht für saiten
EP07864530A EP2083928B1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Buffer layer for strings

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86619906P 2006-11-16 2006-11-16
US60/866,199 2006-11-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008061229A1 true WO2008061229A1 (en) 2008-05-22
WO2008061229A9 WO2008061229A9 (en) 2008-08-21

Family

ID=39186839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/084973 WO2008061229A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-16 Buffer layer for strings

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080124546A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP2083928B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2010510400A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN101534909A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE530230T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TW (1) TW200840890A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO2008061229A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008106426A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-09-04 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites
WO2010018343A1 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Babolat Vs Corde pour raquette, notamment pour raquette de tennis
WO2010019151A1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2010-02-18 Otis Elevator Company Cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material
US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2014-05-06 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Composite coating for strings

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US9056783B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-06-16 Hach Company System for monitoring discharges into a waste water collection system
US7454295B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2008-11-18 The Watereye Corporation Anti-terrorism water quality monitoring system
US8958917B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-02-17 Hach Company Method and system for remote monitoring of fluid quality and treatment
US8920619B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2014-12-30 Hach Company Carbon nanotube sensor
EP2704136A1 (de) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Larsen Strings A/S Dämpfungs- und Bindemittel für Musiksaiten
CN104043233A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2014-09-17 安徽梦谷纤维材料科技有限公司 一种羽毛球拍网线的制备方法
JP6698317B2 (ja) * 2015-11-12 2020-05-27 ヨネックス株式会社 ラケット用ストリング
JP6812052B2 (ja) * 2016-04-18 2021-01-13 ヨネックス株式会社 ラケット用ストリング
ES2776389T3 (es) * 2017-06-21 2020-07-30 Speed France S A S Cuerda monofilamento para una raqueta y procedimiento para fabricar dicha cuerda monofilamento
KR102739536B1 (ko) 2018-03-26 2024-12-10 브리든 인터내셔널 엘티디. 합성 섬유 로프
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2014-05-06 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Composite coating for strings
WO2008106426A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-09-04 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites
WO2010018343A1 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Babolat Vs Corde pour raquette, notamment pour raquette de tennis
FR2934958A1 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-19 Babolat Vs Corde pour raquette, notamment pour raquette de tennis
WO2010019151A1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2010-02-18 Otis Elevator Company Cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material
US8479887B2 (en) 2008-08-15 2013-07-09 Otis Elevator Company Cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material
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EP2672003B1 (en) 2008-08-15 2016-07-27 Otis Elevator Company Elevator load bearing member with a polymer jacket having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material
US10072162B2 (en) 2008-08-15 2018-09-11 Otis Elevator Company Method of making a cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200840890A (en) 2008-10-16
EP2083928A1 (en) 2009-08-05
EP2083928B1 (en) 2011-10-26
US20080124546A1 (en) 2008-05-29
ATE530230T1 (de) 2011-11-15
WO2008061229A9 (en) 2008-08-21
JP2010510400A (ja) 2010-04-02
CN101534909A (zh) 2009-09-16

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