US20080124546A1 - Buffer Layer for Strings - Google Patents

Buffer Layer for Strings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080124546A1
US20080124546A1 US11/940,976 US94097607A US2008124546A1 US 20080124546 A1 US20080124546 A1 US 20080124546A1 US 94097607 A US94097607 A US 94097607A US 2008124546 A1 US2008124546 A1 US 2008124546A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
nylon
buffer layer
filaments
gaps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/940,976
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zvi Yaniv
Yunjun Li
Dongsheng Mao
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc filed Critical Applied Nanotech Holdings Inc
Priority to US11/940,976 priority Critical patent/US20080124546A1/en
Assigned to NANO-PROPRIETARY, INC. reassignment NANO-PROPRIETARY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LI, YUNJUN, MAO, DONGSHENG, YANIV, ZVI
Publication of US20080124546A1 publication Critical patent/US20080124546A1/en
Priority to US13/481,145 priority patent/US8713906B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/10—Strings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/10—Natural organic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3007—Carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]

Definitions

  • strings for sports equipment e.g., tennis raquets
  • musical instruments are usually coated with a thin layer at their outmost surface to improve their durability, spin, feeling, etc.
  • Polyamide (nylon), polyester, and other polymers have been used to coat on strings.
  • Nanocomposites, such as clay and carbon nanotube reinforced nylon 6 nanocomposites, having better physical properties than neat nylon 6, are of a potential to be highly durable string coating materials with other functionalities.
  • the reinforcing polymeric composites using nano-sized clay particles with high aspect ratio have been investigated since the 1980's (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,007).
  • Strings are usually polymer materials with a multi-layer structure—core filament, wrapping filaments on the core filament, and coating.
  • FIG. 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament. It can be seen that the nanocomposite material did not successfully fill out the gaps. Many defects were left in the string which will result in unacceptable durability of the strings. The gaps will result in chipping-off or unacceptable durability of coatings during high impact hitting of balls. More over, due to creation of the gaps, coatings also fail to a fix the filaments on the core materials of the string.
  • FIG. 2 shows the chipped materials from filaments and coatings after high impact tests on the strings.
  • FIG. 1 shows an SEM image of a cross-section view of a nylon 6/clay nanocomposite coated on a wrapping filament
  • FIG. 2 shows an SEM image of chipped materials from filaments and coatings after high impact tests on a string
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-section of a core filament with wrapping filaments surrounding it
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a buffer layer applied onto the wrapping filament
  • FIG. 3C illustrates a coating applied onto the buffer layer
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • polymer nanocomposites have higher physical/mechanical properties than neat polymer materials, they normally have higher viscosity or melt-flow during an extrusion or coating process.
  • a thin buffer layer is used to coat on the multi-filament wrapped string to fill the gaps.
  • the polymers of the buffer-layer coating have a high melt-flow (low viscosity) during coating process to fill all the gaps between the filaments, and the filaments are fixed by the coatings onto base core materials.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-section of a string for coating comprised of one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302 .
  • Neat nylon 6 pellets as may be obtained from UBE Industries Inc. (product name: UBE SF 1018 A) are melted.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 220° C. to 270° C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 6 coating.
  • the string for coating is one monofilament core 301 wrapped with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 302 .
  • Neat nylon 11 may be obtained from ARKEMA Inc. Nylon 11 has a very good melt flow at temperatures over 220° C. Good impact strength and shear strength also make nylon 11 a good buffer layer material.
  • the buffer layer coating 303 is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 190° C. to 270° C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 303 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 302 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 304 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 240° C. to 280° C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 304 .
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 304 .
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 304 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be melted at higher than 190° C. and extruded to deposit a coating on the strings. Nylon 6 nanocomposites may be dissolved in a solvent such as formic acid and sprayed, dipped, spin coated, brushed, painted, or immersed to deposit a coating on the string at room temperature or elevated temperatures. The solvent may be then removed by a follow-up process such as an evaporation method.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coated string structure of FIG. 3C is then coated again with smaller-diameter multi-filaments 401 .
  • a buffer layer coating 402 similar to layer 303 , is applied by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 190° C. to 270° C.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 402 may be from 10 to 100 micrometers.
  • the gaps between the multi-filaments 401 are fully filled by the neat nylon 11 coating.
  • a wear-resistant coating 403 is then coated by an extrusion process at temperatures ranging from 240° C. to 280° C.
  • Nylon 6/clay or a nylon 6/carbon nanotube nanocomposite may be employed as the wear-resistant coating material 403 .
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposite produced by in-situ polymerization may contain 4% nano-clay filler.
  • Other nylon 6 nanocomposites produced by melt-compounded process may also be used for the wear-resistant coating 403 .
  • the nylon 6 nanocomposites may also be modified by rubber modifiers to improve the ductility and toughness.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant coating 403 may be from 1 to 100 micrometers.

Landscapes

  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US11/940,976 2006-11-16 2007-11-15 Buffer Layer for Strings Abandoned US20080124546A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/940,976 US20080124546A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-15 Buffer Layer for Strings
US13/481,145 US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2012-05-25 Composite coating for strings

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86619906P 2006-11-16 2006-11-16
US11/940,976 US20080124546A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-15 Buffer Layer for Strings

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/481,145 Continuation-In-Part US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2012-05-25 Composite coating for strings

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080124546A1 true US20080124546A1 (en) 2008-05-29

Family

ID=39186839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/940,976 Abandoned US20080124546A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2007-11-15 Buffer Layer for Strings

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080124546A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP2083928B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2010510400A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN101534909A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE530230T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TW (1) TW200840890A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO2008061229A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110201462A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2011-08-18 Babolat Vs String for a racket, particularly for a tennis racket
EP2704136A1 (de) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Larsen Strings A/S Dämpfungs- und Bindemittel für Musiksaiten
WO2019185487A1 (en) * 2018-03-26 2019-10-03 Bridon International Limited Synthetic fiber rope
US11058926B2 (en) * 2017-06-21 2021-07-13 Speed France Sas Monofilament string for a racket and process for manufacturing such a monofilament string

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9056783B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-06-16 Hach Company System for monitoring discharges into a waste water collection system
US7454295B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2008-11-18 The Watereye Corporation Anti-terrorism water quality monitoring system
US8958917B2 (en) 1998-12-17 2015-02-17 Hach Company Method and system for remote monitoring of fluid quality and treatment
US8920619B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2014-12-30 Hach Company Carbon nanotube sensor
US8713906B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2014-05-06 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. Composite coating for strings
US20080206559A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Yunjun Li Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites
EP2733259B1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2020-12-09 Otis Elevator Company Cord and polymer jacket assembly having a flame retardant in the polymer jacket material
CN104043233A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2014-09-17 安徽梦谷纤维材料科技有限公司 一种羽毛球拍网线的制备方法
JP6698317B2 (ja) * 2015-11-12 2020-05-27 ヨネックス株式会社 ラケット用ストリング
JP6812052B2 (ja) * 2016-04-18 2021-01-13 ヨネックス株式会社 ラケット用ストリング
JP6722835B1 (ja) * 2018-08-10 2020-07-15 株式会社ゴーセン ラケット用ストリング及びその製造方法

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US1770794A (en) * 1927-07-09 1930-07-15 Johnson & Johnson Tennis string
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US3645819A (en) * 1967-03-16 1972-02-29 Toray Industries Method for manufacturing synthetic multicore elements
US3605399A (en) * 1967-04-06 1971-09-20 Jacob Van Rijswijk Strings
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US6399690B2 (en) * 1999-03-19 2002-06-04 Amcol International Corporation Layered compositions with multi-charged onium ions as exchange cations, and their application to prepare monomer, oligomer, and polymer intercalates and nanocomposites prepared with the layered compositions of the intercalates
US6423369B1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2002-07-23 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Process for sealing pores in molded product, and bonded magnet with pores sealed by the process
US20030143396A1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2003-07-31 Franck Bouquerel Abrasion-resistant spun articles
US6835454B1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2004-12-28 Stuart Karl Randa Fluoropolymer modification of strings for stringed sports equipment and musical instruments
US6951625B2 (en) * 2000-01-07 2005-10-04 Seiko Epson Corporation Magnetic powder and isotropic bonded magnet
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US20110201462A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2011-08-18 Babolat Vs String for a racket, particularly for a tennis racket
EP2704136A1 (de) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Larsen Strings A/S Dämpfungs- und Bindemittel für Musiksaiten
WO2014037012A1 (en) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-13 Larsen Strings A/S Acoustic dampening for musical strings; use, method, and string
US9728169B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2017-08-08 Larsen Strings A/S Acoustic dampening for musical strings; use, method, and string
US11058926B2 (en) * 2017-06-21 2021-07-13 Speed France Sas Monofilament string for a racket and process for manufacturing such a monofilament string
WO2019185487A1 (en) * 2018-03-26 2019-10-03 Bridon International Limited Synthetic fiber rope
US11352743B2 (en) 2018-03-26 2022-06-07 Bridon-Bekaert Ropes Group Synthetic fiber rope

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TW200840890A (en) 2008-10-16
EP2083928A1 (en) 2009-08-05
EP2083928B1 (en) 2011-10-26
WO2008061229A1 (en) 2008-05-22
ATE530230T1 (de) 2011-11-15
WO2008061229A9 (en) 2008-08-21
JP2010510400A (ja) 2010-04-02
CN101534909A (zh) 2009-09-16

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